Re: Message threading.

2019-10-02 Thread David Wright
On Wed 02 Oct 2019 at 23:14:05 (+0200), Thomas Schmitt wrote:
> pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> > Suppose you read a message in the Web based archive and it is no
> > longer in your mailer.  Either you weren't subscribed when the message
> > was sent or you were subscribed but have deleted the message. Using
> > tools available, in Debian or otherwise, can you reply with correct
> > threading?
> 
> Well, besides the aspect of software availablilty, it is a a matter of
> knowing the message id of the mail to which you want to refer.
> Then you have to put it into a "In-Reply-To:" header or a "References:"
> header.
> 
> The message ids are providently shown in the debian-user archive.
> See
>   https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2019/10/msg00127.html
>   Message-id: <[?] E1iFl97-0002sw-8y@joule.invalid>
> 
> The string "[?] " is an artifact of copy+paste between web browser and
> text editor. Your reply's headers should look like:
> 
>   References: 
>   In-Reply-To: 
> 
> "References:" can take multiple ids separated by blanks and optional
> newlines. Kindof a thread branch history.
> Like:
>   References: 
>
> 
> "In-Reply-To:" can take only one id.
> 
> Now it depends on your mail client whether you can talk it into accepting
> one or both of these header lines, ot the message id so that it composes
> own reply headers.

I thought we just flogged this topic to death here at the end of July.
We discussed the conversion by the Oberon emailer of the Unicode
"RIGHT-POINTING MAGNIFYING GLASS" characters into NULs embedded
in the posts, how IMAP and MUAs react to them, why these characters
appear on the Debian archive pages, how References and In-Reply-To
work in threading, the usual fallacy that these field names are
case-sensitive (they're not), and so on. Following this, the OP
managed to send correctly threaded posts—see for example
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2019/07/msg01360.html

But when the solution is manual, lengthy and tedious (copy/pasting
the in-reply-to and references fields into the reply's composition
editor and then deleting the extraneous magnifying glasses), it's
difficult to apply it every time and get it just right.

FWIW I've never set up my browser to be able to reply to postings
through the mailto: buttons at the end of each message, so I can't
help the OP with that suggestion, particular when using the Oberon
OS, which I've never seen.

Cheers,
David.



Re: Message threading.

2019-10-02 Thread Thomas Schmitt
Hi,

pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> Suppose you read a message in the Web based archive and it is no
> longer in your mailer.  Either you weren't subscribed when the message
> was sent or you were subscribed but have deleted the message. Using
> tools available, in Debian or otherwise, can you reply with correct
> threading?

Well, besides the aspect of software availablilty, it is a a matter of
knowing the message id of the mail to which you want to refer.
Then you have to put it into a "In-Reply-To:" header or a "References:"
header.

The message ids are providently shown in the debian-user archive.
See
  https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2019/10/msg00127.html
  Message-id: <[?] E1iFl97-0002sw-8y@joule.invalid>

The string "[?] " is an artifact of copy+paste between web browser and
text editor. Your reply's headers should look like:

  References: 
  In-Reply-To: 

"References:" can take multiple ids separated by blanks and optional
newlines. Kindof a thread branch history.
Like:
  References: 
   

"In-Reply-To:" can take only one id.

Now it depends on your mail client whether you can talk it into accepting
one or both of these header lines, ot the message id so that it composes
own reply headers.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas



Re: Message threading.

2019-10-02 Thread Celejar
On Wed, 02 Oct 2019 13:22:49 -0700
pe...@easthope.ca wrote:

> Suppose you read a message in the Web based archive and it is no 
> longer in your mailer.  Either you weren't subscribed when the message 
> was sent or you were subscribed but have deleted the message. Using 
> tools available, in Debian or otherwise, can you reply with correct 
> threading?  If so, please outline the procedure.

Under the message, you'll see a section headed "Reply to:". Clicking on
one of the links in that section (assuming your browser is correctly
configured to open "mailto:"; links) will create an appropriate email in
an email client.

Celejar



Message threading.

2019-10-02 Thread peter
Suppose you read a message in the Web based archive and it is no 
longer in your mailer.  Either you weren't subscribed when the message 
was sent or you were subscribed but have deleted the message. Using 
tools available, in Debian or otherwise, can you reply with correct 
threading?  If so, please outline the procedure.

Thanks,... Peter E.

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Tel: +1 604 670 0140Bcc: peter at easthope. ca



Re (2): message threading

2011-08-16 Thread peasthope
*   From: lee 
*   Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2011 02:59:40 +0200
> [References] go back to beginnings of subthreads at 
> least. > With only the In-Reply-To: header, threads would be broken ...

In http://wiki.debian.org/DebianMailingLists I've added a 
section "Message Threading and Replying".  Also simplified 
the section structure a little and revised a few bad sentences.
If Lee or anyone else can read the page and report an error or 
deficiency, that would help.  What other topics should be 
covered in that page?

Thanks,  ... Peter E.

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Re: message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze

2011-06-20 Thread Camaleón
On Sun, 19 Jun 2011 15:15:57 -0800, peasthope wrote:

>> Would you please fix your mail client so you stop breaking the list
>> threading?
> 
> Usually I manage to set In-reply-to to the Message-id of the message
> being replied to.  In the Web archive, the Follow-Ups and References
> seem OK.  Can anyone tell me what other parameter might be required to
> "fix" threading as Chuck says?

(...)

I see nothing broken :-?

http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2011/06/thrd4.html#01594

Your MUA seems to add an extra (n) number to the subject but it respects 
the threading.

Greetings,

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Re: Re (2): message threading

2011-06-19 Thread lee
peasth...@shaw.ca writes:

> From: lee 
> Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2011 00:54:27 +0200
>> You donA't seem to have any "References:" headers, ...
>
> Should the References trace back to the beginning of the thread?  

Just look at them, they go back to beginnings of subthreads at
least. With only the In-Reply-To: header, threads would be broken for
everyone who´s missing a single message of the thread. With the
references, the thread can be displayed even when not all messages are
available.

> In principle, the list processor could copy the References from the 
> referenced message and append the id of that message.  I don't know 
> how it actually works.

It doesn´t work that way. How´s the MLM software supposed to know if you
refer to articles and to which ones, unless you tell it?

>> The message IA'm replying to is correctly displayed as the top of a new
>> thread. 
>
> Yes, I intended to start a new thread on "message threading".  Hence  
> the subject "message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze".

That´s why I´m asking. I think it´s more common to use a new subject
when starting a new thread, and it´s more common to change the subject
like you did within a thread without starting a new one. You changed the
subject as if continuing the thread and made it a new one by omitting
the references, and since the thread is about broken threading, it was
unclear whether your intention was to start a new thread or to continue
the thread with an adjusted subject.

If your MUA doesn´t add the right headers automatically, it´s time to
switch to a better one :)


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Re (2): message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze

2011-06-19 Thread peasthope
From:   lee 
Date:   Mon, 20 Jun 2011 00:54:27 +0200
> You donA't seem to have any "References:" headers, ...

Should the References trace back to the beginning of the thread?  
In principle, the list processor could copy the References from the 
referenced message and append the id of that message.  I don't know 
how it actually works.

> ... "in-reply-to" instead of "In-Reply-To".

RIght oh; according to RFC 5322 the parameter names in the header 
are case sensitive.

> The message IA'm replying to is correctly displayed as the top of a new
> thread. 

Yes, I intended to start a new thread on "message threading".  Hence  
the subject "message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze".

Thanks,  ... Peter E.


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Re: message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze

2011-06-19 Thread Ron Johnson

On 06/19/2011 06:15 PM, peasth...@shaw.ca wrote:

From a private message;

From:   C P
Date:   Sun, 19 Jun 2011 16:30:55 -0400

Would you please fix your mail client so you stop breaking the list
threading?


Usually I manage to set In-reply-to to the Message-id of the message
being replied to.  In the Web archive, the Follow-Ups and References
seem OK.  Can anyone tell me what other parameter might be required
to "fix" threading as Chuck says?

And, yes, I'll document the explanation in 
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianMailingLists.



Your MUA should do it automatically.  Maybe that 8 year ld version of 
Oberon Mail doesn't have that feature?


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Re: message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze

2011-06-19 Thread lee
peasth...@shaw.ca writes:

>>From a private message;
> From: C P
> Date: Sun, 19 Jun 2011 16:30:55 -0400
>> Would you please fix your mail client so you stop breaking the list
>> threading?
>
> Usually I manage to set In-reply-to to the Message-id of the message 
> being replied to.  In the Web archive, the Follow-Ups and References 
> seem OK.  Can anyone tell me what other parameter might be required 
> to "fix" threading as Chuck says?

Your threading is displayed fine here with gnus. You don´t seem to have
any "References:" headers, and in
<171057043.52499.41831@heaviside.invalid>, you have "in-reply-to"
instead of "In-Reply-To".

The message I´m replying to is correctly displayed as the top of a new
thread. If it´s supposed to be part of the thread that starts with
<171057043.43873.41829@heaviside.invalid>, your threading is actually
broken.

Your MUA should get it right automatically by default; what are you
using?


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message threading; was Re (3): QCAD Pro in Squeeze

2011-06-19 Thread peasthope
>From a private message;
From:   C P
Date:   Sun, 19 Jun 2011 16:30:55 -0400
> Would you please fix your mail client so you stop breaking the list
> threading?

Usually I manage to set In-reply-to to the Message-id of the message 
being replied to.  In the Web archive, the Follow-Ups and References 
seem OK.  Can anyone tell me what other parameter might be required 
to "fix" threading as Chuck says?

And, yes, I'll document the explanation in 
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianMailingLists.

 Thanks,   ... Peter E.
  
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Routing via an OpenVPN tunnel; was "message threading ..."

2011-02-04 Thread peasthope
From:   Bob Proulx 
Date:   Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:12:47 -0700
> I am suggesting that you have such a complicated routing setup that it
> is causing you difficulty and that you should simplify it by some
> method.  You listed five (5!) route commands in your configuration.

Yes; addressing subnets rather than individual machines is better.
Now there is just one route directive in joule:/etc/openvpn/myvpn.conf 
to identify the subnet at UBC.  dalton:/etc/openvpn/myvpn.conf has 
one route directive to identify the subnet at home;  but dalton 
has two other route directives to let the subnet at UBC connect 
to the Shaw FTP and SMTP servers.  The Shaw SMTP server will accept 
a connection only via my home link.  The FTP server will accept a 
connection from anywhere but the tunnel avoids exposing communication 
to the public.  http://carnot.yi.org/NetworksPage.html is updated with the 
details.  For now, I can't think of any further simplification.

From:   Mike Bird 
Date:   Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:07:47 -0800
> Once your routing gets that complexicational you might
> want to consider using a routing deamon such as Quagga.
> 
> You could probably use OSPF over the tunnels but we
> prefer to use private BGP, with each office and laptop
> and customer office network a separate private AS.
 
I'll read about those.  Now that the configurations are 
simplified I might leave them rather than install more 
software. 

Thanks for the ideas.  Avoiding reliance on a DDNS for Joule 
by dropping the remote directive on Dalton was a crucial 
improvement.
... Peter E.




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Re (3): message threading in debian lists.

2011-01-26 Thread peasthope
From:   Bob Proulx 
Date:   Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:12:47 -0700
> And you have been having such trouble with your vpn(s).  To me that is
> like a house of cards.  A light breeze blows it over.  In order to be
> more robust it needs to be simpler, less rigid, and more flexible.

Iprovements in progress.  Will reply after my documentation page 
is updated.

> But you asked the question!  :-) It isn't fair to ask a question, get
> an answer, and then complain about it.  :-)  That is dirty dealing!

OK, sorry, sorry.  My disappointment is with http://lists.debian.org/ ; 
not with your answer.  I've added this section. 
  
"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianMailingLists#MessageThreadingandReplyingtoaQuestion";
The preceeding sub-section, "How to continue a discussion",  is inadequate.

Some archived messages have links under the heading "References".
In some cases there is more than one "layer" of reference.  Presumeably 
the list software traces back recursively.  Also there are "Follow-ups".
A retroactive edit must occur to make one of these.  Any additional 
ideas?

If there are any comments or suggestions I am happy to continue work 
on the wiki page.  Anyone who is registered can edit the page of course.

Regards,  ... Peter E.





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Re: Re (2): message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-19 Thread Lisi
On Wednesday 19 January 2011 04:12:47 Bob Proulx wrote:
> peasth...@shaw.ca wrote:
> > Bob Proulx wrote:
> > > You have a complicated setup!
> >
> > A complex setup.  "complicated" is a verb.  ... Sorry.
>
> Uhm...  No.  Complicated is an adjective.
>
>  From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:
>
>complicated
>adj : difficult to analyze or understand; "a complicated problem";
>  "complicated Middle East politics"

I agree with Bob.

I have checked in several dictionaries.  The Shorter Oxford, 1944 would agree 
with you.  I have checked in three others, more recently published, and they 
all have complicated as an adjective.  Here is one:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/complicated

Moreover, even if it had not already, some time ago, entered the language as 
an adjective, I would contend that it is perfectly legitimate to use a past 
participle adjectivally.  Think of e.g. "a tried and tested method".

Lisi


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Re: Re (2): message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-18 Thread Mike Bird
On Tue January 18 2011 20:12:47 Bob Proulx wrote:
> peasth...@shaw.ca wrote:
> > Are you suggesting that all of dalton's 'net traffic
> > go through the tunnel and Joule?  Are you suggesting
> > that all of joule's 'net traffic go through the tunnel
> > and dalton?  Aren't both significantly disadvantageous?
>
> I am suggesting that you have such a complicated routing setup that it
> is causing you difficulty and that you should simplify it by some
> method.  You listed five (5!) route commands in your configuration.

Once your routing gets that complexicational you might
want to consider using a routing deamon such as Quagga.

You could probably use OSPF over the tunnels but we
prefer to use private BGP, with each office and laptop
and customer office network a separate private AS.

BGP gives us better control of route propagation than
OSPF.  For example sysadmin laptops can communicate with
customer office networks for maintenance purposes but
customer office networks cannot see each other.

--Mike Bird


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Re: Re (2): message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-18 Thread Bob Proulx
peasth...@shaw.ca wrote:
> Bob Proulx wrote:
> > You have a complicated setup!
> 
> A complex setup.  "complicated" is a verb.  ... Sorry.

Uhm...  No.  Complicated is an adjective.

 From WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]:

   complicated
   adj : difficult to analyze or understand; "a complicated problem";
 "complicated Middle East politics"

> It's simplifying slowly and surely.  One helpful detail is to 
> route to a LAN rather than to individual machines.
> route 172.23.0.0 255.255.0.0
> rather than
> # Curie
> route 172.23.4.2
> # Heaviside
> route 172.23.5.2

Yes.  Definitely yes.  Simpler is better.

> > But since you have routes to public IP space there perhaps you would
> > want to route all of your traffic over the vpn (once you have it
> > working) and then you wouldn't need specific routes for everything.
> 
> Dalton has a relatively fast connection to the 'net 
> provided by the university.  Joule at home has a 
> relatively slow connection to the net through shaw.ca.  
>
> Are you suggesting that all of dalton's 'net traffic 
> go through the tunnel and Joule?  Are you suggesting 
> that all of joule's 'net traffic go through the tunnel 
> and dalton?  Aren't both significantly disadvantageous? 

I am suggesting that you have such a complicated routing setup that it
is causing you difficulty and that you should simplify it by some
method.  You listed five (5!) route commands in your configuration.

>>> # Machines in the local home zone reached _via_ the tunnel.
>>> # Curie
>>> route 172.23.4.2
>>> # Heaviside
>>> route 172.23.5.2
>>> # Shaw mail servers _via_ the tunnel.
>>> # route shawmail.gv.shawcable.net
>>> route 64.59.128.135
>>> route 24.71.223.43
>>> # Shaw ftp server _via_ the tunnel.
>>> # route ftp.shaw.ca
>>> route 64.59.128.134

And you have been having such trouble with your vpn(s).  To me that is
like a house of cards.  A light breeze blows it over.  In order to be
more robust it needs to be simpler, less rigid, and more flexible.

> > Standard email headers apply.  RFC 2822 would cover them. 
> 
> Certainly, but how many new Debian users will find RFC 2822, study 
> it and perceive how threading works when subscribing to debian-user?  

But you asked the question!  :-) It isn't fair to ask a question, get
an answer, and then complain about it.  :-)  That is dirty dealing!

In response I will only say that most users will simply use an MUA
(mail user agent) and will simply use it (mutt, thunderbird, gmail,
whatever) to generate follow-ups.  It is the MUA's job to do the right
thing with respect to email headers.  Let's hope the author of the MUA
actually took the time to read the RFCs.

Bob


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Re (2): message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-18 Thread peasthope
From:   Bob Proulx 
Date:   Mon, 17 Jan 2011 21:59:42 -0700
> You have a complicated setup!

A complex setup.  "complicated" is a verb.  ... Sorry.

It's simplifying slowly and surely.  One helpful detail is to 
route to a LAN rather than to individual machines.
route 172.23.0.0 255.255.0.0
rather than
# Curie
route 172.23.4.2
# Heaviside
route 172.23.5.2

From:   Bob Proulx 
Date:   Wed, 12 Jan 2011 11:53:04 -0700
> But since you have routes to public IP space there perhaps you would
> want to route all of your traffic over the vpn (once you have it
> working) and then you wouldn't need specific routes for everything.

Dalton has a relatively fast connection to the 'net 
provided by the university.  Joule at home has a 
relatively slow connection to the net through shaw.ca.  
Are you suggesting that all of dalton's 'net traffic 
go through the tunnel and Joule?  Are you suggesting 
that all of joule's 'net traffic go through the tunnel 
and dalton?  Aren't both significantly disadvantageous? 

> Standard email headers apply.  RFC 2822 would cover them. 

Certainly, but how many new Debian users will find RFC 2822, study 
it and perceive how threading works when subscribing to debian-user?  
I might try adding a brief note about threading in 
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/MailingLists and I wonder how many 
new users will find that.

Regards, ... Peter E.

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Re: message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-17 Thread Bob Proulx
peasth...@shaw.ca wrote:
> A third case is when I am at work and the tunnel between dalton 

You have a complicated setup!

> and joule is broken.  Then POP3 can bring messages from the ISP 
> through the public Internet to cantor;  but the ISP will not accept 
> a message from cantor via SMTP through the public Internet.  In 
> this case messages must be sent through the Web interface of the ISP.  
> Presumeably it's this Web software which inserts " (#)".  Now if a 
> message is read on cantor I have difficulty.

That is not very nice of them.

It is good that your tunnel is back working again so that you can
avoid some of the problems.

> The message-id is visible on cantor but I do not know of any way to
> have the Web interface accept an In-reply-to parameter.  That's when
> a new thread begins.

It must be more than this because the Subject line is also modified.
Not having an In-Reply-To isn't changing the subject line.  (shrug)

> If the tunnel is broken I could simply refrain from retrieving mail to 
> the MUA on cantor and read all mail with the Web based interface.  

It wasn't the end of the world.  It was just annoying and so I noted it.

> Is threading of messages in Debian lists explained anywhere?  I've never 
> seen an explanation.  A few years ago I found how to use Message-id 
> and In-reply-to by exploration rather than straightforward reading.  

Standard email headers apply.  RFC 2822 would cover them.  Though
perhaps the wikipedia page is more readable.

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header

Bob




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message threading in debian lists; was Re (6): OpenVPN server mode usage.

2011-01-17 Thread peasthope
Bob,

From:   Bob Proulx 
Date:   Wed, 12 Jan 2011 11:22:23 -0700
> Every reply of yours is starting a new thread.  You can see this in
> the mailing list archives.

Apologies.  I understand and certainly would prefer not do that.  

> This is an aside but why is the subject being modified with a " (#)"
> before the colon in "Re:"?  Converting "Re:" to "Re (5):" for this
> message for example?  That causes the attempt to fall back without
> In-Reply-To: to grouping messages by subject to be unable to do so.

I'll explain all the cases for benefit of anyone who might be interested.
Some of the information at http://carnot.yi.org/NetworksPage.html 
might help.

The simplest is when I am at home and have a direct link to the ISP 
and POP3 brings messages from the ISP to the home workstation, 
heaviside, and SMTP takes messages from heaviside to the ISP.  A message 
from debian-user can be read as an emessage or from the Web archive.  
In both cases the Message-id is available and I can insert it as the 
value of In-reply-to in a reply.  lists.debian.org uses that message-id to 
connect the thread.  So far, so good.

A second case is when I am at work and the tunnel between dalton 
and joule is working properly.  Then POP3 brings messages from the 
ISP to cantor via the tunnel and SMTP takes messages to the ISP.  
Email works the same for cantor as for heaviside in the case above.
Still good.

A third case is when I am at work and the tunnel between dalton 
and joule is broken.  Then POP3 can bring messages from the ISP 
through the public Internet to cantor;  but the ISP will not accept 
a message from cantor via SMTP through the public Internet.  In 
this case messages must be sent through the Web interface of the ISP.  
Presumeably it's this Web software which inserts " (#)".  Now if a 
message is read on cantor I have difficulty.  The message-id is visible 
on cantor but I do not know of any way to have the Web interface 
accept an In-reply-to parameter.  That's when a new thread begins.

If the tunnel is broken I could simply refrain from retrieving mail to 
the MUA on cantor and read all mail with the Web based interface.  
If a reply is created, the correct value for In-reply-to will be generated 
automatically.  My objection is that the Web interface is unbearably 
slow and clumsy.  The tunnel is working again now and with any luck, 
will continue to do so for several years.  As long as the tunnel works I 
can connect messages properly.

Is threading of messages in Debian lists explained anywhere?  I've never 
seen an explanation.  A few years ago I found how to use Message-id 
and In-reply-to by exploration rather than straightforward reading.  

Regards,  ... Peter E.





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Personal pages http://members.shaw.ca/peasthope/ .


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Re: Modern Message Threading Techniques (Was: replying to a message in debian-user)

2007-01-25 Thread Kevin Monceaux
On Thu, Jan 25, 2007 at 12:20:59PM -0700, Wesley J. Landaker wrote:
 
> No, what I mean is that it's obviously *better* to use a MUA that supports 
> threading, 

Threading is good.  I'd go nutty(no, wait, I did that years ago anyway)
trying to follow high-volume e-mail lists without it.  Good thread handling
was one of the main things I was looking for when I switched from Pine to
Mutt several years ago.  It looks like Pine's threading capabilities have
improved since then.  

> but even if you use a MUA that doesn't support threading properly, as long
> as you keep the subject line the same, most modern MUAs will still
> associate it to the thread. =)

In the case of Mutt it uses the In-Reply-To header, not the subject, to
thread messages.  If a subject has been changed(such as I did with this
message) Mutt still threads the message appropriately.  On the other hand if
someone posts a new message with an identical subject or replies to a digest
and changes the subject appropriately Mutt threads those kind of
replies/posts separately.  In the case of a new message with an
identical/siumilar subject that's probably a good thing.  People replying to
digests can really smeg up theading.  This is especially true if one replies
to several different e-mails from the same digest.  Since they're all a
reply to the same message(the digest) they all get threaded together.  I
generally overlook replies to digests.  Overall I prefer Mutt's threading
techniques.

> Anyway, someone else pointed out that you can always set things up so you
> can ssh into some location (e.g. your home computer) and run a
> full-featured text-based MUA like mutt. With a little setup, this might
> actually be faster than using a web MUA anyway.

That's the kind of setup I've been using for years.  It has served me well.


Kevin
http://www.RawFedDogs.net
http://www.WacoAgilityGroup.org
Bruceville, TX

Si hoc legere scis nimium eruditionis habes.
Longum iter est per praecepta, breve et efficax per exempla!!!


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