Re: Is Pearson chi^2 test conditional?

1999-11-23 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Jin:

Pearson's test is "conditional" only on the sample size (N) being fixed.
This is the classic test of independence, and also the test of interaction
in a log-linear model.

Cheers,
DrC

On Fri, 19 Nov 1999, Jin Kim wrote:

> Dear list members
> 
> I am a student studying contingency table analysis these days.
> I have a question about the underlying statistical concept of Pearson
> chi^2 test.
> My question is:
> 
> Does Pearson chi^2 test assume that both row and column margins are
> fixed?
> 
> In other words, I wish to know whether Pearson chi^2 test is
> 'conditional' like Fisher's exact test.
> 
> Thank you.
> 
> 
> Jin Kim
> 
> 



Re: Is Pearson chi^2 test conditional?

1999-11-29 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

You can test the interaction in a log-linear model with either the pearson
chi-square or the likelihood ratio chi-square.  

Cheers,
David Cross

On Tue, 23 Nov 1999, Rich Ulrich wrote:

> On 23 Nov 1999 11:05:51 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David
> Cross/Psych Dept/TCU) wrote:
> 
> > Jin:
> > 
> > Pearson's test is "conditional" only on the sample size (N) being fixed.
> > This is the classic test of independence, and also the test of interaction
> > in a log-linear model.
> 
>  - isn't the test in the log-linear model done with a Likelihood
> chisquare?
> 
> > On Fri, 19 Nov 1999, Jin Kim wrote:
> > 
> > > Dear list members
> > > 
> > > I am a student studying contingency table analysis these days.
> > > I have a question about the underlying statistical concept of Pearson
> > > chi^2 test.
> > > My question is:
> > > 
> > > Does Pearson chi^2 test assume that both row and column margins are
> > > fixed?
> > > 
> > > In other words, I wish to know whether Pearson chi^2 test is
> > > 'conditional' like Fisher's exact test.
> 
> I don't usually worry about definitions like this one --
> Does 'conditional'  mean exactly the same as 'fixed margins'?  The
> original theoretical development of Pearson's assumed margins were
> fixed.
> 
> See F. Yates, 1984, "Tests of significance for 2x2 contingency
> tables', Journal Royal Statis. Soc., Ser A, 147:426-449.  This is the
> same Yates who devised  Yates's correction factor in 1934.  (See
> references in Zar's textbook.)  In JRSS, Yates chuckled at the fact
> that the assumptions for all three tests were formally the same.  What
> I don't remember is whether they *have*  to be the same, which does
> not seem right.
> 
> The Pearson test with the Yates correction does a better job of
> reproducing Fisher's Exact test; the Pearson test without the
> correction does a better job of reproducing what you actually get by
> randomization of the fractions on either or both margins -- so,
> pragmatically, Pearson's behaves as if it were not on fixed margins,
> even though it was created with fixed margins.  (I saw at least three
> ways to 'develop' the test when I took the relevant course; I don't
> think that *all*  the ways assumed fixed margins.  But, did they?)
> 
> -- 
> Rich Ulrich, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> http://www.pitt.edu/~wpilib/index.html
> 



Re: stats packages for Unix

1999-12-02 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Check out the following websites:

http://forrest.psych.unc.edu/

http://www.linuxapps.com/

Cheers,
David Cross

On Thu, 2 Dec 1999, Bob Hayden wrote:

> Any advice on basic stats. packages for Unix/Linux?  We used Minitab
> on a DEC alpha box using DEC Unix.  That was fine by me but the DEC
> was too expensive to maintain.  So, we replaced it with a FreeBSD
> system runing on a pile of Intel boxes.  But, Minitab does not run on
> that, so we started using the PC and iMac versions.  However, the iMac
> lab is a disaster (local problem, not a Mac problem, I think) and we
> hate supporting three platforms.
> 
> The software must be VERY easy to use and not cost much more than
> Minitab, which is quite cheap for a site license.  We have a few
> hundred students per year using the software.  Most of them have
> pretty limited math., computer and study skills.
>  
> 
>   _
>  | |  Robert W. Hayden
>  | |  Department of Mathematics
> /  |  Plymouth State College MSC#29
>|   |  Plymouth, New Hampshire 03264  USA
>| * |  Rural Route 1, Box 10
>   /|  Ashland, NH 03217-9702
>  | )  (603) 968-9914 (home)
>  L_/  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>   fax (603) 535-2943 (work)
> 



Re: stats packages for Unix

1999-12-07 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

This is great ... I had lost my reference to this site and product.
Thanks!



On Sat, 4 Dec 1999, KO wrote:

> Hello:
> 
> I would suggest R (aka GNU-S). You cane
> find more information about it at
> http://www.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/
> 
> I highly recommend it.
> 
> Sincerely,
> 
> Kouros Owzar ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Bob Hayden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> > Any advice on basic stats. packages for Unix/Linux?  We used Minitab
> > on a DEC alpha box using DEC Unix.  That was fine by me but the DEC
> > was too expensive to maintain.  So, we replaced it with a FreeBSD
> > system runing on a pile of Intel boxes.  But, Minitab does not run on
> > that, so we started using the PC and iMac versions.  However, the iMac
> > lab is a disaster (local problem, not a Mac problem, I think) and we
> > hate supporting three platforms.
> >
> > The software must be VERY easy to use and not cost much more than
> > Minitab, which is quite cheap for a site license.  We have a few
> > hundred students per year using the software.  Most of them have
> > pretty limited math., computer and study skills.
> >
> >
> >   _
> >  | |  Robert W. Hayden
> >  | |  Department of Mathematics
> > /  |  Plymouth State College MSC#29
> >|   |  Plymouth, New Hampshire 03264  USA
> >| * |  Rural Route 1, Box 10
> >   /|  Ashland, NH 03217-9702
> >  | )  (603) 968-9914 (home)
> >  L_/  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >   fax (603) 535-2943 (work)
> 
> 
> 



Re: Software for logistic regression

1999-12-07 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

SYSTAT has an excellent log regression procedure and it may be cheap
enough for you.

On Sun, 5 Dec 1999, FourCubed wrote:

> Hello everyone!  Can anyone tell me the least expensive software for performing
> a (conditional) logistic regression.  SPSS and SAS are too expensive, and I
> don't have access to a university computer with existing software.  Thank you.
> 
> Steve
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 



Re: stats packages for Unix

1999-12-09 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Thanks!

On Mon, 6 Dec 1999, Peter Parzer wrote:

> try stata http://www.stata.com
> 
> David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> : Check out the following websites:
> 
> : http://forrest.psych.unc.edu/
> 
> : http://www.linuxapps.com/
> 
> : Cheers,
> : David Cross
> 
> : On Thu, 2 Dec 1999, Bob Hayden wrote:
> 
> :> Any advice on basic stats. packages for Unix/Linux?  We used Minitab
> :> on a DEC alpha box using DEC Unix.  That was fine by me but the DEC
> :> was too expensive to maintain.  So, we replaced it with a FreeBSD
> :> system runing on a pile of Intel boxes.  But, Minitab does not run on
> :> that, so we started using the PC and iMac versions.  However, the iMac
> :> lab is a disaster (local problem, not a Mac problem, I think) and we
> :> hate supporting three platforms.
> :> 
> :> The software must be VERY easy to use and not cost much more than
> :> Minitab, which is quite cheap for a site license.  We have a few
> :> hundred students per year using the software.  Most of them have
> :> pretty limited math., computer and study skills.
> :>  
> :> 
> :>   _
> :>  | |  Robert W. Hayden
> :>  | |  Department of Mathematics
> :> /  |  Plymouth State College MSC#29
> :>|   |  Plymouth, New Hampshire 03264  USA
> :>| * |  Rural Route 1, Box 10
> :>   /|  Ashland, NH 03217-9702
> :>  | )  (603) 968-9914 (home)
> :>  L_/  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> :>   fax (603) 535-2943 (work)
> :> 
> 
> 



Re: design matrix for loglinear analysis

1999-12-27 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

HY:

Check out chapter 10 in R. Christensen, Log-linear models and logistic
regression (Springer, 1997).

Cheers,
DrC

On Mon, 27 Dec 1999, Harumasa Yoshimura wrote:

> Hi, I'm a grad student in sociology, which means a novice for statistical
> analyses. If some of you would answer my question, I appreciate it very
> much.
> 
> I have learned loglinear analysis, and read a couple of textbooks. I
> understand basic models of loglinear analysis (like uniform-association
> model and saturated model). But I am still not sure regarding contrast types
> and design matrix. Textbooks I have read tell what loglinear analysis is and
> how to interpret parameter estimates. But they do not touch contrast types
> and design matrix at all.
> 
> Would anybody let me know the basic idea of design matrix? If you would
> suggest some books, or web resources, which contain comprehensive
> explanations for these issues, I really appreciate it.
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> Harumasa Yoshimura
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 
> 
> 



Re: comparison of kappa coefficients

1999-12-27 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

GR:

Read secion 6.5 in Agresti, Categorical Data Analysis (1990, Wiley).  You
should find some ideas there that will help you.

Cheers,
DrC

On Mon, 27 Dec 1999, Gerhard Rumpold wrote:

> 
> Does anyone know about a method to compare two cohen-kappa values, if they
> are significant different from each other.
> 
> I have a Kappa(t1) of r=.64
>  and Kappa(t2) of r=.72 .
> 
> How can I compute that at the time t2 the Kappa is a real improvment
> compared to t1.
> 
> Thanks in advance
> Gerhard Rumpold
> 
> 



Re: Discontinuation of edstat list

2000-02-16 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Jacquelin:

Maybe I am a crochety old coot, but I personally like the idea of
allowing only subscribers being able to post to the list.  I believe it
would help establish a responsible community of users.  I also believe the
list is a great resource, and you (or whomever) should take whatever steps
can be taken to ensure its continued survival.

Cheers,
David Cross

On Tue, 15 Feb 2000, E. Jacquelin Dietz wrote:

> Dear edstat readers,
> 
> Did I get your attention?  Good, because this is really important.  Below is a
> message I received yesterday from the postmaster at NC State regarding the
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> The postmaster has suggested three possible remedies.  Moderating the list is
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> 
> Jackie Dietz
> Listowner
> 
> 
> --- Forwarded mail from X
> 
> We have a problem concerning the edstat-l list that runs on
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> 
> ---End of forwarded mail from X
> 
> -- 
> 
>   E. Jacquelin Dietz   (919) 515-1929  (phone) 
>   Department of Statistics, Box 8203   (919) 515-1169  (FAX) 
>   North Carolina State University  
>   Raleigh, NC  27695-8203   USA[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
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Re: Suggest book for Logistic Regression

2000-03-02 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

In my experience Hosmer and Lemeshow is the best intro, although it is not
a perfect book for all users.  One limitation/strength (depending on your
perspective) is that it is oriented towards the biomedical sciences.

On Thu, 2 Mar 2000 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> I want to buy an intro. book on logistic regression.  I am encountering
> cases of experimentation that we need to do with ordinal, nominal,
> binary responses.  One important thing is sample size (i.e., number of
> experimental units, or repetitions for the experiment), so I would like
> the book to address this issue, or you could recommend articles that
> deal with sample size calculation.
> 
> Is Hosmer and Lemeshow a good INTRO. book?  By the way, I am an
> engineer not a statistician.
> 
> Lenin
> 
> 
> Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
> Before you buy.
> 
> 
> ===
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Re: Three-way ICCs?

2000-03-10 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Shavelson & Webb have a book on Generalizability Theory that covers this
topic quite nicely.  If you have trouble tracking it down, I can provide a
complete reference.

On Fri, 10 Mar 2000, Nicolas Sander wrote:

> Is there a way to calculate three-way ICCs (eg. Rater x Targets x rated
> dimensions)?
> 
> Due to the fact I'm not so familiar with random effect models and
> Generalizability theory (Cronbach '72) I wonder if the two-way models of
> ICC mentioned e.g. by Shrout and Fleiss '79 can be extended.
> 
> If so is there any macro which allows me such calculations with
> exhaustive information of how the data matrix has to be organized?
> 
> Nico
> --
> 
> 
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Re: Cluster and outliers

2000-03-15 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

I would start by looking in Seber's text, Multivariate Observations.  I am
not sure because I don't have it handy right now, but I think the topic is
covered.  There is an excellent discussion of principal components and
outliers for sure in Seber.

On Sun, 12 Mar 2000, Nicolas MEYER wrote:

> Hi everybody !!
> 
> I'm desperately looking for books or papers on possible links beetwen
> cluster analysis and outliers, cluster being of course used to detect
> outlier(s).
> Does anybody knows anything about this ?
> Thank's !!
> 
> Nicolas MEYER
> Interne en Santé Publique
> CHU Strasbourg-FRANCE
> 
> 
> 
> 
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Re: Power for Pilot Studies

2000-03-17 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

I do believe that to the extent there is a "conventional" alpha level,
that level is .05.  In the behavioral sciences, this convention is adhered
to rather strictly, especially by journal editors and review panels!

On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Andy Avins wrote:

> We proposed a pilot clinical trial that was shot down by a local review 
> committee.  Lacking any other guidance, we arbitrarily chose an alpha of 
> 0.25 for doing the power calculations (reasoning that we didn't want to set 
> too stringent a standard for rejecting the null and not proceeding with a 
> more definitive trial).  We were criticized for not adopting a more 
> conventional standard of alpha=0.10.  I've never heard that there was any 
> convention for this sort of calculation.
> 
> Does anyone have any thoughts or references for sample size calculations 
> for pilot studies?
> Thanks much in advance!
> --Andy
> --Andy Avins, MD, MPH
> Assistant Professor
> Department of Medicine
> Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics
> University of California, San Francisco
> E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Tel: 415-597-9196
> 
> 
> 
> 
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Re: Goodness of fit help needed

2000-03-27 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

There is a worked example structurally similar to yours in Snedecor &
Cochran, Statistical Methods (7th ed, 1980, pp. 130-133).  It is the
section on the Poisson distribution in the chapter on the binomial
distribution.  Hope this helps.

David Cross

On Sat, 25 Mar 2000, andy wrote:

> Hija,
> 
> Need some help if anyone can offer me some.  Can't get my head around
> calculating the probabilty.  Just can't get the figures into the computer to
> get the answers that I have been given.
> 
> Got these figures:
> 
> Class intervals  ProbExpected valueObserved value
> 
> 0   3.5 0.270627.0626
> 3.56.50.172917.2912
> 6.59.50.131913.1916
> 9.5  12.50.100610.0612
> 12.515.50.07687.68   8
> 15.518.50.05865.86  10
> 18.521.50.04474.47   5
> 21.524.50.03413.41   3
> 24.527.50.02602.60   1
> 27.530.50.01991.99   1
> 30.533.50.01511.51   2
> 33.536.50.01161.16   0
> 36.539.50.00880.88   1
> 39.542.50.00600.67   0
> 42.545.50.0051.51 0
> 45.5infinity 0.01651.65   3
> 
> Now, once I get to grips with something I am alright...but I just can get to
> grips with the calculations for the probabilty.  How do I get those
> figures???
> 
> Any help would be deeply appreciated.  I have the formula as e -lamba (a) -
> e -lamba (b)
> 
> Cheers,
> Andy
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ===
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Re: comparing variances

2000-04-06 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Yorgi:

There is a standard test for comparing variances from two independent
samples, and it is discussed in most intro stat texts.  The test statistic
has an F-distribution, and degrees of freedom are what you would expect
for the sample variances.  

Hope this helps,
David Cross

On Wed, 5 Apr 2000 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> I am not experienced statistician but I have one simple question.  I
> have 2 continuous variables from different populations.  One has a mean
> of 50 one has a mean of 0.3.  When I graph their distributions the
> first one (with 50 mean) appears to be less variable than the second
> (with mean of 0.3).  It has a very gaussian appearance, whereas the
> other appears highly skewed on both tails.  However, because the first
> has much larger magnitude, it has larger variance.
>  My question is -can I somehow systematically compare the
> variability of two samples from different populations?  Perhaps there
> is some sort of method fopr standardizing variances?  I would like to
> do better than simply say "the graphs suggest that one variable is
> more/less variable than the other" which is what I am doing now.
>  I thank you for your time,
>  Sincerly,
>  Yorgi V.
> 
> 
> 
> Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
> Before you buy.
> 
> 
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Re: comparing variances

2000-04-06 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

Robert is absolutely correct ... I started out just wanting to point yorgi
in the right direction, but ended up saying too much, but not enough.  I
stand corrected.

On Thu, 6 Apr 2000, Robert Dawson wrote:

> David Cross wrote:
> 
> > There is a standard test for comparing variances from two independent
> > samples, and it is discussed in most intro stat texts.  The test statistic
> > has an F-distribution, and degrees of freedom are what you would expect
> > for the sample variances.
> 
> 
> No! No! Not the F test! _Anything_ but the F test! _Especially_ when -as
> Yorgi says- the distributions are far from the same shape.  The F test is
> infamous for its nonrobustness against deviations from normality.
> 
> Levene's test, and some other variations on the same theme, give
> somewhat more robust comparisons of spread. (Levene's test is a two sample t
> test applied to absolute deviation from the group mean. Brown & Forsythe's
> test is similar but done, perhaps more logically, on the absolute deviations
> from the group median. [The mean is the point from which total squared
> deviation is least, the median that from which total absolute deviation is
> least.]
> 
> These in turn involve some odd assumptions. In particular, deviations in
> general are far from normally distributed. My experience is that, if the
> distributions _are_ normal, a square root transformation symmetrizes the
> absolute deviations rather nicely;  I've done some informal simulations
> suggesting (to me, anyway) that a t test on the root-absolute-deviations
> from either the mean or the median may have good properties. Another
> interesting option is nonparametric tests; I think Lehmann mentions some
> options in _Nonparametrics_ (1975).
> 
> However, when all is said and done, I would suggest that if two
> populations have very different kurtoses, there is no canonical measure of
> spread, in much the same way that if two populations have very different
> skewnesses there is no canonical measure of location.  In each case, a very
> tail-sensitive measure [range, midrange] will do one thing, a robust measure
> [interquartile range, median] another, and a "sum-of-squares"  measure
> (standard deviation, mean] something in between.  Therefore, unless one has
> a good reason to assign meaning to one measure of spread over another, it
> may make sense to say simply "They are different shapes", provide graphics,
> and leave it at that.
> 
> Also: Yorgi wrote
> 
> >   However, because the first
> > has much larger magnitude, it has larger variance.
> 
> If it really is "because", this suggests a model in which variation
> increases with value. Such a model may sometimes be more naturally examined
> after an appropriate transformation; and after the transformation there
> might be no differemce in spread - or, possibly, even in shape. So it might
> be worth examining the situation to see whether this is true.
> 
> -Robert Dawson
> 
> 
> 



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Re: Quick Portable Statisitcs

2000-04-20 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU



One of my favorites is "Table Polishing" or "Median Polishing", discussed
in Tukey & Mosteller's "Green Book", Data Analysis and Regression.

David Cross

On Wed, 19 Apr 2000 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> I am looking for a source of "portable staistics", i.e. techniques that
> are easy to remember and use, that can be applied without a calculator
> or software program or and do not need reference tables.
> 
> Examples are: Tukey-Duckworth two sample test, and the quadrant sum
> test for association (Omstead and Tukey).
> 
> Are there others and is there a reference or source for these types of
> procedures?
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> 
> Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
> Before you buy.
> 
> 
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Re: How to compare kappas?

2000-04-20 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

You might want to check section 10.5 in Agresti, Categorical Data
Analysis, 1990, Wiley.

On Thu, 20 Apr 2000, Mats Carlsson wrote:

> Sorry if this has come up before, but
> here it goes.
> 
> Is there a way I can compare
> kappa-values? The backgound is as
> follows:
> Four physicians has coded a 100 surgical
> notes.
> Each physician has coded each surgical
> note using all four different
> classifications. (thus coning the same
> note in four different ways).
> The classifications has differing
> numbers of catagories (one has 8, one
> 10, one 16 and so on).
> 
> I've calculated the degree of agreement
> within each classification using
> generalized kappa. How can I compare
> these values? I'm not an experienced
> statistichian, so I'm kind of lost here.
> I've looked at Fleiss and Haas, but they
> don't seem to help in this issue.
> 
> /Mats Carlsson
> 
> 
> 
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Re: Question about kappa

2000-04-28 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

I think I would consider using generalizability theory for this problem.
Shavelson and Webb have a good book out on the subject, published by Sage.

On Thu, 27 Apr 2000, Robert McGrath wrote:

> I am looking for a formula for kappa that applies for very special
> circumstances:
> 
> 1) Two raters rated each event, but the raters varied across event.
> 2) The study involved 100 subjects, each of whom generated app. 17 events,
> so multiple events were generated by the same subject.
> 
> I know Fleiss has developed a formula for kappa that allows for multiple
> sets of raters, but is there a formula that is appropriate for the
> circumstance I have described?  Thanks for your help!
> 
> Bob
> 
> -
> 
> Robert McGrath, Ph.D.
> School of Psychology T110A
> Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck NJ 07666
> voice: 201-692-2445   fax: 201-692-2304
> 
> - Original Message -
> From: "Bob Wheeler" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Sent: Thursday, April 27, 2000 3:15 PM
> Subject: Sample size and distributions programs
> 
> 
> > I have uploaded two programs that some may find of
> > use:
> >
> > (1) Tables. A Windows program written quite a few
> > years ago. It treats 42 distributions extensively
> > including plots and technical documentation.
> > (2) SSize. A sample size program for the Palm
> > devices. It treats linear models for several
> > distributions: normal, binomial, Poisson, and
> > chi-squared. ANOVA, t-tests, logistic, etc. There
> > is a fairly extensive documentation in pdf format.
> > This is a new program, so there are undoubtedly
> > bugs.
> > I would greatly appreciate hearing about them.
> >
> > They are at  http://www.bobwheeler.com/stat/
> >
> >
> > --
> > Bob Wheeler --- (Reply to: [EMAIL PROTECTED])
> > ECHIP, Inc.
> >
> >
> >
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RE: Exploratory data analysis

2000-05-03 Thread David Cross/Psych Dept/TCU

It doesn't get any better than the orange and green books, by Tukey, and
Mosteller & Tukey, respectively.

On Wed, 3 May 2000, Chen, Peter wrote:

>   Dear Colleagues,
>   I recall I have read some exchanges about the exploratory data
> analysis.  Would you share with me your favorite exploratory data analysis
> books.
>   Thanks.
>   Peter Chen
> 
> 
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