Re: telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Gary Jennejohn

"Adam Crawford" writes:
'lo everyone

I was wondering if there was drivers around for a telsat card,
I know there is linux drivers, located on ftp.ihug.com.au/pub/satnet/linux
(i think)
also ment to be on ftp.ihug.co.nz but ive yet to be able to log on to that
server :)

Is there fbsd drivers?

I don't believe so.

If not, will the linux drivers work or be able to port them across?


no, yes - but  you'll either have to do it yourself or find someone
who's interested in doing the port.

---
Gary Jennejohn / [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]




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Re: telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Daniel O'Connor


On 15-Mar-00 Adam Crawford wrote:
  Whats involved in doing it myself?

Read the Linux source and find out how it talks to the card

Read the FreeBSD source for an equivalent device

Write the FreeBSD device.

Simple! :)

---
Daniel O'Connor software and network engineer
for Genesis Software - http://www.gsoft.com.au
"The nice thing about standards is that there
are so many of them to choose from."
  -- Andrew Tanenbaum


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changing probe order for scsi controllers (ncr0/ahc0)

2000-03-15 Thread Danny Howard

hi.  i have a production system with an ncr0 SCSI controller that's pretty
weak.  I would like to add an adaptec, which comes in as ahc0.  The problem is
that when I add the ahc0 in to the system, it comes up ahead of the ncr0, and
so the system disk is labeled da1, and .. well .. there are ways to deal with
this ..

i thought, based on the admonition about ISA NIC probes, that order in the
kernel conf file might predicate probe order, but even in GENERIC, ncr0 comes
ahead of ahc0 .. so .. no dice.

1) Can I modify the order in which these devices are detected so that the ncr0
comes out first, making my life simpler?  How?

2) Failing that, how the freak do I MAKEDEV the disk slices so I can mount the
system slices on da1s1 instead of da0s1?  Or will the OS dtrt when it sees
that I've MAKDEVed da1s1 and create the slices automagically?  I've managed to
boot single-user by modifying boot device at the kernel prompt ...

3) TIA. :)

Thanks,
-danny


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Re: telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Adam Crawford

 Read the Linux source and find out how it talks to the card

 Read the FreeBSD source for an equivalent device

 Write the FreeBSD device.

 Simple! :)


If there was source for an equivalent device, why would i need to write
another one? :)


Cheers for the advice Gary  Daniel

All i need to do now is wait for them to install the dish on my roof next
week!

Regards,
Adam.



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Re: telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Andrew Kenneth Milton

+[ Adam Crawford ]-
|
| 'lo everyone
| 
| I was wondering if there was drivers around for a telsat card,
| I know there is linux drivers, located on ftp.ihug.com.au/pub/satnet/linux
| (i think)
| also ment to be on ftp.ihug.co.nz but ive yet to be able to log on to that
| server :)
| 
| Is there fbsd drivers?
| If not, will the linux drivers work or be able to port them across?

I offered to port/develop the drivers for them, but, they didn't seem 
interested, and the Linux drivers were binary only at that stage.

They said they were developing FreeBSD drivers, but this was over 12 months
ago.

-- 
Totally Holistic Enterprises Internet|  P:+61 7 3870 0066   | Andrew Milton
The Internet (Aust) Pty Ltd  |  F:+61 7 3870 4477   | 
ACN: 082 081 472 |  M:+61 416 022 411   | Carpe Daemon
PO Box 837 Indooroopilly QLD 4068|[EMAIL PROTECTED]| 


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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Jose M. Alcaide

Warner Losh wrote:
 
 The xe driver is close to working with current as it is.  There is a
 minor problem with the pccard layer that I've not had the time to
 commit.
 

I am waiting for the xe driver working with current for updating
FreeBSD on my laptop, so... APPLAUSEgo Warner!/APPLAUSE :-)

-- JMA

 * Jose M. Alcaide // [EMAIL PROTECTED] // [EMAIL PROTECTED] *
 "Beware of Programmers who carry screwdrivers" --  Leonard Brandwein


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Re: changing probe order for scsi controllers (ncr0/ahc0)

2000-03-15 Thread Alfred Perlstein

* Danny Howard [EMAIL PROTECTED] [000315 02:21] wrote:
 hi.  i have a production system with an ncr0 SCSI controller that's pretty
 weak.  I would like to add an adaptec, which comes in as ahc0.  The problem is
 that when I add the ahc0 in to the system, it comes up ahead of the ncr0, and
 so the system disk is labeled da1, and .. well .. there are ways to deal with
 this ..
 
 i thought, based on the admonition about ISA NIC probes, that order in the
 kernel conf file might predicate probe order, but even in GENERIC, ncr0 comes
 ahead of ahc0 .. so .. no dice.

Please read the section in LINT about "wired" scsi setups.

-Alfred


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Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Arnout Boer

After reading the announcement...
Congratulations to the FreeBSD community
another milestone!
A great OS...

But for the ISO images... IS it a problem to  gzip
them
They take less space on the master site and the mirror
sites and they take less bandwidth!

Shouldn't be a problem I think!

Less bandwidth and less time to download
even economical a good thing!

With regards,

Arnout Boer




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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Sheldon Hearn



On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 13:42:11 +0100, Arnout Boer wrote:

 But for the ISO images... IS it a problem to  gzip
 them

Well, I can think of at least one problem.  Think of the extra disk
space folks would need for the gunzip step. :-)

 They take less space on the master site and the mirror
 sites and they take less bandwidth!

I'm pretty sure that the folks most affected by this sort of thing
benefit from PPP / hardware compression anyway.

Ciao
Sheldon.


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Luigi Rizzo

 On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 13:42:11 +0100, Arnout Boer wrote:
 
  But for the ISO images... IS it a problem to  gzip
  them
 
 Well, I can think of at least one problem.  Think of the extra disk
 space folks would need for the gunzip step. :-)

and compression ratio would not be that much. The tarballs are
already compressed, and so are the packages. The only image to
benefit from compression would be the live file system.

cheers
luigi



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Alfred Perlstein

* Luigi Rizzo [EMAIL PROTECTED] [000315 05:34] wrote:
  On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 13:42:11 +0100, Arnout Boer wrote:
  
   But for the ISO images... IS it a problem to  gzip
   them
  
  Well, I can think of at least one problem.  Think of the extra disk
  space folks would need for the gunzip step. :-)
 
 and compression ratio would not be that much. The tarballs are
 already compressed, and so are the packages. The only image to
 benefit from compression would be the live file system.

And not that much even with that:

-rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  647815168 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso
-rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  625839147 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso.gz

that's not gzip -9, but I think I've done that in the past to the 
disks and it still didn't help all that much.

-- 
-Alfred Perlstein - [[EMAIL PROTECTED]|[EMAIL PROTECTED]]


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Paul Robinson

On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Alfred Perlstein wrote:

 And not that much even with that:
 
 -rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  647815168 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso
 -rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  625839147 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso.gz

I never thought I'd see the day that when considering sizes of downloads
people would look at a saving of 22Mb, and would say 'that's not much'...

Fair enough, as a percentage it's marginal... but in countries where
internet access is not cheap, in fact is prohibitively slow and expensive
(the majority of the planet), I think this saving shows a little respect
and concern for the less fortunate home user stuck with a 56K modem paying
$x/hour where x can be anywhere between 0.5 and 5...
 
 that's not gzip -9, but I think I've done that in the past to the 
 disks and it still didn't help all that much.

If you save 20Mb, over a reliable 56Kb modem, you've saved them somewhere
in the region of one and a half hours... I think you guys are too used to
your broadband... :)

Let's also assume that a mirrored FTP site is limited to XGb/mth... all it
would take is for a 100 downloads to cause an extra 2Gb of that to be
taken up 

Personally, I feel that everything that can be compressed for download,
should be. It would speed up downloads, would be more economical in terms
of bandwidth, cost and time, and I think would be generally considered
respectful for those users with crappy links.

-- 
Paul Robinson - Developer/Systems Administrator @ Akitanet Internet



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Sheldon Hearn



On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 14:43:27 GMT, Paul Robinson wrote:

 If you save 20Mb, over a reliable 56Kb modem, you've saved them somewhere
 in the region of one and a half hours... I think you guys are too used to
 your broadband... :)

And you're forgetting that, as I said in my original reply, people with
56K modems usually benefit from hardware compression over their link
anyway.

Ciao,
Sheldon.


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Paul Robinson

On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Sheldon Hearn wrote:

 And you're forgetting that, as I said in my original reply, people with
 56K modems usually benefit from hardware compression over their link
 anyway.

But you're defeated by your own argument, as according to you the image
doesn't compress very well, and I suspect (in fact I know) that hardware
compression at the modem is not as efficient as gzip -9 ... at best you
might be able to get that 22Mb we're talking about saving, down to a 10Mb
saving... you're still leaving the guy with the modem sat there for around
45 minutes...

-- 
Paul Robinson - Developer/Systems Administrator @ Akitanet Internet
---
E-m: [EMAIL PROTECTED]   | FreeBSD-4.0 Monopoly :-
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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Sheldon Hearn



On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 14:55:14 GMT, Paul Robinson wrote:

 But you're defeated by your own argument, as according to you the image
 doesn't compress very well

No, you're not reading the thread properly.  Someone else (who doesn't
have the same bandwidth limitations that you and I do) said it doesn't
compress well.

If you're just replying to be involved in an argument, I have a few
newsgroups for you to try. :-)

Otherwise, this is pretty much asked and answered.

Ciao,
Sheldon.


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Alfred Perlstein

* Paul Robinson [EMAIL PROTECTED] [000315 06:14] wrote:
 On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Alfred Perlstein wrote:
 
  And not that much even with that:
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  647815168 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso
  -rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  625839147 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso.gz
 
 I never thought I'd see the day that when considering sizes of downloads
 people would look at a saving of 22Mb, and would say 'that's not much'...
 
 Fair enough, as a percentage it's marginal... but in countries where
 internet access is not cheap, in fact is prohibitively slow and expensive
 (the majority of the planet), I think this saving shows a little respect
 and concern for the less fortunate home user stuck with a 56K modem paying
 $x/hour where x can be anywhere between 0.5 and 5...
  
  that's not gzip -9, but I think I've done that in the past to the 
  disks and it still didn't help all that much.
 
 If you save 20Mb, over a reliable 56Kb modem, you've saved them somewhere
 in the region of one and a half hours... I think you guys are too used to
 your broadband... :)
 
 Let's also assume that a mirrored FTP site is limited to XGb/mth... all it
 would take is for a 100 downloads to cause an extra 2Gb of that to be
 taken up 
 
 Personally, I feel that everything that can be compressed for download,
 should be. It would speed up downloads, would be more economical in terms
 of bandwidth, cost and time, and I think would be generally considered
 respectful for those users with crappy links.

You're not going to get much sympathy from me... 

~ % ftp ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/release/i386/ISO-IMAGES/
Connected to wizard.freesoftware.com.
...
ftp get 3.4-install.iso
local: 3.4-install.iso remote: 3.4-install.iso
227 Entering Passive Mode (209,155,82,20,112,101)
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for '3.4-install.iso' (647815168 bytes).
100% |**|   617 MB00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
647815168 bytes received in 147.34 seconds (4.19 MB/s)

:)

Seriously though, there's no reason not to have the ISOs up in
compressed format though.  I guess given a choice between _only_
compressed or _only_ uncompressed I think uncompressed is better,
but if the space is available it would be nice to see compressed
images available.

Before anyone tries it here's bzipped (worse than gzip) results:
-rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  647815168 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso
-rw-r--r--  1 bright  staff  629685893 Dec 28 19:23 3.4-install.iso.bz2

-- 
-Alfred Perlstein - [[EMAIL PROTECTED]|[EMAIL PROTECTED]]


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RE: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Wood, Richard

 -Original Message-
 From: Paul Robinson [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
 Sent: 15 March 2000 14:55

 you're still leaving the guy with the modem sat 
 there for around 45 minutes...

But given that he has probably been sat there for 2.5 days already, is that
a major problem?

Rich
-- 
Rich Wood, Systems Manager, Royal United Hospital, Bath
[EMAIL PROTECTED]


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WaveLAN/IEEE Turbo (Silver)

2000-03-15 Thread Mark Newton

I'm trying to get a WaveLAN/IEEE Turbo (Silver) card working on a 
two month old -current system using the ISA bus card which comes
with the PCMCIA WaveLAN unit.

"pccardc dumpcis" says it wants IRQ 6, so I've made sure that that
was included in the list of IRQs in pccard.conf.  It's still unable
to allocate I/O space, though:  card insertion yields:

   pccard: card inserted, slot 0
   wi0: No I/O space?!

... which is slightly demoralizing :-)

The relevent bits of pccard.conf:

io  0x240-0x3ff
irq 3 5 6 10 11 13 15
memory  0xd4000  96k

# Lucent WaveLAN/IEEE
card "Lucent Technologies" "WaveLAN/IEEE"
config  0x1 "wi0" ?
insert  echo WaveLAN/IEEE inserted
insert  /etc/pccard_ether $device
remove  echo WaveLAN/IEEE removed
remove  /sbin/ifconfig $device delete

I'll attach the output of pccardc dumpcis.

I saw something about this on -hackers or -current about two weeks
ago, but I didn't have a WaveLAN card then, so it didn't occur to me
to save it.  I can't find any reference to it in the archives either,
but I'm sure *someone* here knows an answer.

I know the WaveLAN stuff is crap, and I'd rather be using Aironet at
the moment (at least that works!), but we've thought it prudent to 
give the Lucent stuff a try (even if only to make sure our suppliers
understand that we can change vendors easily, so they'd better give
us a good price grin

Cheers,

   - mark

-- 
Mark Newton   Email:  [EMAIL PROTECTED] (W)
Network Engineer  Email:  [EMAIL PROTECTED]  (H)
Internode Systems Pty Ltd Desk:   +61-8-82232999
"Network Man" - Anagram of "Mark Newton"  Mobile: +61-416-202-223


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread andrew



On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Alfred Perlstein wrote:

 Seriously though, there's no reason not to have the ISOs up in
 compressed format though.  I guess given a choice between _only_
 compressed or _only_ uncompressed I think uncompressed is better,
 but if the space is available it would be nice to see compressed
 images available.

How many FTP servers support on the fly gzipping and
ungzipping? mirror.aarnet.edu.au does...perhaps a little note could be
placed in .message to remind people to try it...

Andrew (who is on 33.6 and dosnt even contemplate downloading ISO images)



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven

-On [2315 15:35], [EMAIL PROTECTED] ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Alfred Perlstein wrote:

 Seriously though, there's no reason not to have the ISOs up in
 compressed format though.  I guess given a choice between _only_
 compressed or _only_ uncompressed I think uncompressed is better,
 but if the space is available it would be nice to see compressed
 images available.

How many FTP servers support on the fly gzipping and
ungzipping? mirror.aarnet.edu.au does...perhaps a little note could be
placed in .message to remind people to try it...

In all honesty, that's not a very intelligent option when discussing
compressing ISO's.

Compressing ISO's brings along a lot of cpu burn cycles as well as a
large memory footprint.

-- 
Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven  Network- and systemadministrator
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  VIA NET.WORKS The Netherlands
BSD: Technical excellence at its best  http://www.bart.nl
I may know many things, I may be ignorant...


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Peter Edwards

Paul Robinson wrote:

 I think this saving shows a little respect
 and concern for the less fortunate home user stuck with a 56K modem paying
 $x/hour where x can be anywhere between 0.5 and 5...
Sorry, can't resist.
Given (my) local call rates, if I started downloading the 3.4 ISO image
and did a mail-order purchase of the CD at the same time, the CD would
cost a lot less, and drop on my doormat before the download finished.
20MB doesnt make a difference for this 56K owner, cause I'm sensible
enough not to use it to download ~640MB images! I'd rather give the
money to FreeBSD than my Telco, anyway.

Same goes for release candidates: there'll be a release before my
download is done.


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Re: WaveLAN/IEEE Turbo (Silver)

2000-03-15 Thread Mark Newton

On Thu, Mar 16, 2000 at 12:59:13AM +1030, Mark Newton wrote:

  I'll attach the output of pccardc dumpcis.

Blurgh.  Maybe I'll attach it this time.

   - mark

-- 
Mark Newton   Email:  [EMAIL PROTECTED] (W)
Network Engineer  Email:  [EMAIL PROTECTED]  (H)
Internode Systems Pty Ltd Desk:   +61-8-82232999
"Network Man" - Anagram of "Mark Newton"  Mobile: +61-416-202-223


Configuration data for card in slot 0
Tuple #1, code = 0x1 (Common memory descriptor), length = 3
000:  00 00 ff
Common memory device information:
Device number 1, type No device, WPS = OFF
Speed = No speed, Memory block size = 512b, 1 units
Tuple #2, code = 0x17 (Attribute memory descriptor), length = 4
000:  67 5a 08 ff
Attribute memory device information:
Device number 1, type SRAM, WPS = OFF
Speed = 5.0 x 100 ns, Memory block size = 512b, 2 units
Tuple #3, code = 0x1d (Other conditions for attribute memory), length = 5
000:  01 67 5a 08 ff
(MWAIT)
Tuple #4, code = 0x15 (Version 1 info), length = 80
000:  05 00 4c 75 63 65 6e 74 20 54 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c
010:  6f 67 69 65 73 00 57 61 76 65 4c 41 4e 2f 49 45
020:  45 45 00 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 30 31 2e 30 31
030:  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
040:  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff
Version = 5.0, Manuf = [Lucent Technologies],card vers = [WaveLAN/IEEE]
Addit. info = [Version 
01.01],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]
Tuple #5, code = 0x20 (Manufacturer ID), length = 4
000:  56 01 02 00
PCMCIA ID = 0x156, OEM ID = 0x2
Tuple #6, code = 0x21 (Functional ID), length = 2
000:  06 00
Network/LAN adapter
Tuple #7, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 2
000:  01 07
Modem interface capabilities:
Tuple #8, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 5
000:  02 40 42 0f 00
Data modem services available:
Tuple #9, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 5
000:  02 80 84 1e 00
Data modem services available:
Tuple #10, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 5
000:  02 60 ec 53 00
Data modem services available:
Tuple #11, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 5
000:  02 c0 d8 a7 00
Data modem services available:
Tuple #12, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 2
000:  03 07
Tuple #13, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 8
000:  04 06 00 60 1d 1e ac 5c
Voice services available:
Tuple #14, code = 0x22 (Functional EXT), length = 2
000:  05 01
Modem interface capabilities:
Tuple #15, code = 0x1a (Configuration map), length = 7
000:  03 01 e0 03 00 00 01
Reg len = 4, config register addr = 0x3e0, last config = 0x1
Registers: X--- 
Tuple #16, code = 0x1b (Configuration entry), length = 15
000:  c1 01 19 76 c5 4b d5 19 36 36 05 46 7f ff ff
Config index = 0x1(default)
Interface byte = 0x1 (I/O)
Vcc pwr:
Minimum operating supply voltage: 4 x 1V, ext = 0x4b
Maximum operating supply voltage: 5 x 1V, ext = 0x19
Max current average over 1 second: 3 x 100mA
Max current average over 10 ms: 3 x 100mA
Power down supply current: 1 x 10mA
Card decodes 6 address lines, limited 8/16 Bit I/O
IRQ modes:  Pulse
IRQ level = 6
Tuple #17, code = 0xff (Terminator), length = 0
2 slots found



Re: telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Gary Jennejohn

"Adam Crawford" writes:
 Read the Linux source and find out how it talks to the card

 Read the FreeBSD source for an equivalent device

 Write the FreeBSD device.

 Simple! :)


If there was source for an equivalent device, why would i need to write
another one? :)


I assume Daniel meant "similar".

The card probably looks like an ethernet card. There are tons of drivers
in the tree.

---
Gary Jennejohn / [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]




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telsat satellite cards

2000-03-15 Thread Adam Crawford

'lo everyone

I was wondering if there was drivers around for a telsat card,
I know there is linux drivers, located on ftp.ihug.com.au/pub/satnet/linux
(i think)
also ment to be on ftp.ihug.co.nz but ive yet to be able to log on to that
server :)

Is there fbsd drivers?
If not, will the linux drivers work or be able to port them across?

Regards,
Adam.





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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Victor Ivanov


 
 
 On Wed, 15 Mar 2000 14:43:27 GMT, Paul Robinson wrote:
 
  If you save 20Mb, over a reliable 56Kb modem, you've saved them somewhere
  in the region of one and a half hours... I think you guys are too used to
  your broadband... :)
 
 And you're forgetting that, as I said in my original reply, people with
 56K modems usually benefit from hardware compression over their link
 anyway.
 
  Har har. I have 33.6... compression? Har har. Better than gzip? :) But I
*don't* need downloading 600Mb (jeee!)... Usualy there are ISPs who
download such things and then sell some CDs (just the media:)). And they
don't give a shXt about 20MB more or less...




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That's why [Re: Why not gzip iso images?]

2000-03-15 Thread Victor Ivanov


 * Paul Robinson [EMAIL PROTECTED] [000315 06:14] wrote:
[snip snip]
 ~ % ftp ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/release/i386/ISO-IMAGES/
 Connected to wizard.freesoftware.com.
 ...
 ftp get 3.4-install.iso
 local: 3.4-install.iso remote: 3.4-install.iso
 227 Entering Passive Mode (209,155,82,20,112,101)
 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for '3.4-install.iso' (647815168 bytes).
 100% |**|   617 MB00:00 ETA
 226 Transfer complete.
 647815168 bytes received in 147.34 seconds (4.19 MB/s)
 
 :)

200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for '3.4-install.iso' (647815168
bytes).

  0% || 29200 73:54:02 ETA

...



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RE: Buffer Problems and hangs in 4.0-CURRENT..

2000-03-15 Thread Charles Randall

That's not spurprising. When I tried it, Solaris 2.6 x86 didn't support
full-duplex 100Base-TX on very many devices. The DEC tulip cards were one of
the few that had drivers that supported full-duplex.

Charles

-Original Message-
From: Howard Leadmon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: Sunday, March 12, 2000 4:24 PM
To: Alfred Perlstein
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Buffer Problems and hangs in 4.0-CURRENT..

...

I used the DEC based cards as I had seen so many people raving
about them, and at least under Solaris they claim the DEC tulip based 
boards are the hot ticket.

...


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Donn Miller

Arnout Boer wrote:

 But for the ISO images... IS it a problem to  gzip
 them
 They take less space on the master site and the mirror
 sites and they take less bandwidth!

But, how much would the ISO be able to be compressed?  The source is
already a split, compressed tarball, for example...

 Less bandwidth and less time to download
 even economical a good thing!

I think we should use bzip2 to compress the images.  Someone should
try to compress the images using gzip, and then bzip2, and compare the
file sizes.  Bzip2 is an awesome compression program, but I understand
that gzip is better at compressing certain things for a small number
of cases.  Use the -v option to both, and see what it reports for the
compression %'age.

- Donn


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Best NIC for FBSD (was: Buffer Problems and hangs in 4.0-CURRENT..)

2000-03-15 Thread Howard Leadmon


 I will attest to that, as I have several Solaris-x86 machines, some on 
2.6. and some on 2.7, all running the DEC cards in 100T-FDX mode like a 
champ.  As some are news servers, they run 20-30mpbs constantly almost
24/7 without a hitch, so they work well under Solaris.  Guess it was 
dumb to assume they would work as well on FBSD, but I had hoped.  I have
piles of the DEC cards around.  

 I wonder what really has the best driver under FBSD, as far as reliability
and performance, and yes I also want 100T-FDX as my entire network is 
interconnected with Cisco Catalyst Switches.   I got the inside scoop on
the DEC cards for Solaris from some Sun engineers.  Has anyone actually 
ever rated/tested the various NIC's for FBSD??

-Howard


 That's not spurprising. When I tried it, Solaris 2.6 x86 didn't support
 full-duplex 100Base-TX on very many devices. The DEC tulip cards were one of
 the few that had drivers that supported full-duplex.
 
 Charles
 
 -Original Message-
 From: Howard Leadmon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
 Sent: Sunday, March 12, 2000 4:24 PM
 To: Alfred Perlstein
 Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: Re: Buffer Problems and hangs in 4.0-CURRENT..
 
 ...
 
 I used the DEC based cards as I had seen so many people raving
 about them, and at least under Solaris they claim the DEC tulip based 
 boards are the hot ticket.
 
 ...
 


---
Howard Leadmon - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - http://www.abs.net
ABSnet Internet Services - Phone: 410-361-8160 - FAX: 410-361-8162



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Eric D. Futch

I think people are forgetting that you do not necessarily need to download
the entire ISO image in order to make a fresh install of FreeBSD.  Back
when I started using FreeBSD somewhere around version 2.1, I remember
donwloading the boot floppies, then installing the whole deal over FTP,
all on a 28.8 modem.  When you install via FTP you only have to download
what you need and nothing more.  Sure this is a pain for
installing/upgrading a bunch of machines, since you would be downloading
the same things over and over again for each machine.  If you have
only one machine you're worried about, say a test machine, then install
over FTP and if you like it... just buy the CD's :)

--
Eric Futch  New York Connect.Net, Ltd.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] Technical Support Staff
http://www.nyct.net (212) 293-2620
"Bringing New York The Internet Access It Deserves"



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Leif Neland


- Original Message - 
From: "Eric D. Futch" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Wednesday, March 15, 2000 8:58 PM
Subject: Re: Why not gzip iso images?


 I think people are forgetting that you do not necessarily need to download
 the entire ISO image in order to make a fresh install of FreeBSD.  Back
 when I started using FreeBSD somewhere around version 2.1, I remember
 donwloading the boot floppies, then installing the whole deal over FTP,
 all on a 28.8 modem.  When you install via FTP you only have to download
 what you need and nothing more.  Sure this is a pain for
 installing/upgrading a bunch of machines, since you would be downloading
 the same things over and over again for each machine.  

Then download the individual parts (eg bin.aa to bin.bf) and then install from a local 
ftp-server.

Leif



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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Scott Mitchell

On Tue, Mar 14, 2000 at 04:14:50PM -0800, Don Wallwork wrote:
 Hi-
 
 I found a linux driver for my Xircom PCMCIA ethernet card at:
 http://pcmcia.sourceforge.org/

Which card was that?  All of the recent Xircom PCMCIA cards are supported
by the xe driver in 3.x

 Are there any pointers available on porting linux drivers
 to FreeBSD?

I'm not aware of any, but for network drivers at least it's pretty easy
regardless.  To a certain level, a driver is a driver is a driver; they all 
have to do pretty much the same things in the same order, BSD and Linux
just express that a little differently.  I've typically found that figuring 
out how to make the d*mn badly documented hardware behave is way harder
than glueing it into your OS of choice :-)

Scott

-- 
===
Scott Mitchell  | PGP Key ID | "Eagles may soar, but weasels
Cambridge, England  | 0x54B171B9 |  don't get sucked into jet engines"
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | 0xAA775B8B |  -- Anon


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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Don Wallwork

Scott Mitchell wrote:
On Tue, Mar 14, 2000 at 04:14:50PM -0800, Don Wallwork wrote:
 Hi-
 
 I found a linux driver for my Xircom PCMCIA ethernet card at:
 http://pcmcia.sourceforge.org/

Which card was that?  All of the recent Xircom PCMCIA cards are supported
by the xe driver in 3.x

RealPort CardBus Ethernet 10/100 (RBE-100).

I'll give the xe driver a try.


 Are there any pointers available on porting linux drivers
 to FreeBSD?

I'm not aware of any, but for network drivers at least it's pretty easy
regardless.  To a certain level, a driver is a driver is a driver; they all 
have to do pretty much the same things in the same order, BSD and Linux
just express that a little differently.  I've typically found that figuring 
out how to make the d*mn badly documented hardware behave is way harder
than glueing it into your OS of choice :-)

Agreed. 

Thanks for the info.

-Don


   Scott

-- 
===
Scott Mitchell  | PGP Key ID | "Eagles may soar, but weasels
Cambridge, England  | 0x54B171B9 |  don't get sucked into jet engines"
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | 0xAA775B8B |  -- Anon



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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Patrick Seal


On Wed, Mar 15, 2000 at 01:35:11PM -0800i, Don Wallwork wrote:
 RealPort CardBus Ethernet 10/100 (RBE-100).
 
 I'll give the xe driver a try.

Dont even try, Cardbus (32-bit) isn't supported by FreeBSD yet.

I made the mistake of buying that exact card :P

-- 
 _
Patrick Seal|"Microsoft isn't evil, they just make
[EMAIL PROTECTED] |   really crappy operating systems."
Hyperhost - http://www.hyperhost.net| -Linus Torvalds


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Re: WaveLAN/IEEE Turbo (Silver)

2000-03-15 Thread Warner Losh

In message [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mark Newton writes:
: "pccardc dumpcis" says it wants IRQ 6, so I've made sure that that
: was included in the list of IRQs in pccard.conf.  It's still unable
: to allocate I/O space, though:  card insertion yields:
: 
:pccard: card inserted, slot 0
:wi0: No I/O space?!
: 
: ... which is slightly demoralizing :-)

Two items.  First, boot -v (or break into the debugger before
inserting the card and do 'w bootverbose 1').  Second add the
following line to your pccard.conf file before the reboot:
debuglevel  4
and pccardd will give you more information about what it is trying to
do.  Send me the results.

Warner



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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Jordan K. Hubbard

Can I step in here for a moment?  I'm not going to gzip the
ISO images.  Please just live with it.  End of discussion. :-)

- Jordan


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Digital HiNote 433 and 3.X Installation Problems

2000-03-15 Thread John Heyer


I'm trying to (finally) upgrade my DEC HiNote Laptop from 2.2.8 to 3.4 by
doing just a clean install.  I can do all the hard disk stuff and select
the installation method, but as soon as it starts unpacking "bin" it
hangs.  I thought it might be a networking problem and even tried
installing from floppies...same thing.  Any advice how do dance around
possible hardware issues, or anything else?  It's a i486/33, 8 MB, 250
MB.  I also tried installing 3.0 and that couldn't get past the "probing
hardware", and OpenBSD installs but hangs when making the devices.  I
can install FreeBSD 2.2.8, NetBSD 1.4.1, and DOS without any problems.  

--
Johh Heyer - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - http://www.jfive.com

"Me fail English?  That's unpossible!"  -- Ralph Wiggam



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Re: specifying probe order for scsi controllers

2000-03-15 Thread Warner Losh

In message [EMAIL PROTECTED] dannyman writes:
: or is there some way i can config things to keep da0 on the ncr and da1 on the
: aha?

You can look at the LINT kernel for ways to hardwire these devices.

Warner


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Odd crash

2000-03-15 Thread Warner Losh


I just got an odd crash:

Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
fault virtual address   = 0x8
fault code  = supervisor read, page not present
instruction pointer = 0x8:0xc01d16ac
stack pointer   = 0x10:0xc031e704
frame pointer   = 0x10:0xc031e70c
code segment= base 0x0, limit 0xf, type 0x1b
= DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
processor eflags= interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
current process = Idle
interrupt mask  = 
kernel: type 12 trap, code=0
Stopped at  arpintr+0x9c:   movl0x8(%ebx),%ecx
db trace
arpintr(c02a997b,0,10,10,c5d20010) at arpintr+0x9c
swi_net_next() at swi_net_next
db

I'm using the realtek driver with a RealTek 8139 built into the SBC
that I have sitting on my desk.

rl0: RealTek 8139 10/100BaseTX port 0x6000-0x60ff mem 0xf900-0xf9ff irq 11 
at device 6.0 on pci0
rl0: Ethernet address: 00:60:e0:00:7f:c8

Looking at the disassembled output of ddb, I think that I'm crashing
at the following place.
if (m-m_len  sizeof(struct arphdr) 
(m = m_pullup(m, sizeof(struct arphdr)) == NULL)) {
log(LOG_ERR, "arp: runt packet -- m_pullup failed.");
continue;
}
ar = mtod(m, struct arphdr *);

== if (ntohs(ar-ar_hrd) != ARPHRD_ETHER
 ntohs(ar-ar_hrd) != ARPHRD_IEEE802) {
log(LOG_ERR,
"arp: unknown hardware address format (%2D)",
(unsigned char *)ar-ar_hrd, "");
m_freem(m);
continue;
}

since ar is NULL for some reason.  I have no clue at all why this
would happen.  This means that m-m_data has to be NULL.  But that
doesn't make sense because of the m_pullup just before this.  If it
doesn't return NULL, then I thought that m-m_data was guaranteed to
be valid.

I think that there might be a bug in the code generation, but I don't
know for sure.  If we look at the disassembled output:

arpintr+0x79:   testl   %eax,%eax
arpintr+0x7b:   setz%al
arpintr+0x7e:   movzbl  %al,%ebx
arpintr+0x81:   testl   %ebx,%ebx
arpintr+0x83:   jz  arpintr+0x9c
arpintr+0x85:   pushl   $0xc02f5c60
arpintr+0x8a:   pushl   $0x3
arpintr+0x8c:   calllog
arpintr+0x91:   addl$0x8,%esp
arpintr+0x94:   jmp arpintr+0x5
arpintr+0x99:   leal0(%esi),%esi
arpintr+0x9c:   movl0x8(%ebx),%ecx
arpintr+0x9f:   movzwl  0(%ecx),%eax
arpintr+0xa2:   xchgb   %ah,%al
arpintr+0xa4:   cmpw$0x1,%ax
arpintr+0xa8:   jz  arpintr+0xd8
arpintr+0xaa:   movzwl  0(%ecx),%eax
arpintr+0xad:   xchgb   %ah,%al
arpintr+0xaf:   cmpw$0x6,%ax
arpintr+0xb3:   jz  arpintr+0xd8
arpintr+0xb5:   pushl   $0xc02f5c0e
arpintr+0xba:   pushl   %ecx
arpintr+0xbb:   pushl   $0xc02f5ca0
arpintr+0xc0:   pushl   $0x3
arpintr+0xc2:   calllog

So we're between the two log calls, which is good.  Notice that we
effectively zero %ebx at 7e.  We then jump to 9c if it isss zero, and
then dereference 3bx.  Bang, we're dead.I think that the jz should
be a jnz, no?

Warner


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Re: Why not gzip iso images?

2000-03-15 Thread Patryk Zadarnowski

 On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Sheldon Hearn wrote:
 
  And you're forgetting that, as I said in my original reply, people with
  56K modems usually benefit from hardware compression over their link
  anyway.
 
 But you're defeated by your own argument, as according to you the image
 doesn't compress very well, and I suspect (in fact I know) that hardware
 compression at the modem is not as efficient as gzip -9 ... at best you
 might be able to get that 22Mb we're talking about saving, down to a 10Mb
 saving... you're still leaving the guy with the modem sat there for around
 45 minutes...

Remember that our modem guy has spent the last 48 hours sitting there
waiting for the download to complete. I'm sure that by now he's fallen
asleep and the 45 minutes will not make a difference anyway. ;)

In most places that are ``affected'' by that 20MB you're trying to
save, bandwidth is so expensive that you'll never going to download
the ISO image anyway. I've just calculated that it would cost me AUD
120 or so, compared to $20 for downloading just the distribution I
need. If I was to download the ISO image over my modem, I'd order a CD
today instead (or enroll at Uni ;)

So I'm supporting uncompressed iso images. 99.99% of those who'd
benefit from the compression would never consider downloading them
anyway, and 99.99% of those who are going to use these images will
find .gz a pain.

Pat.

--
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Patryk ZadarnowskiUniversity of New South Wales
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   School of Computer Science and Engineering
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


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Re: Odd crash

2000-03-15 Thread Joerg Micheel

On Wed, Mar 15, 2000 at 04:46:02PM -0700, Warner Losh wrote:
 
 I just got an odd crash:
 
 Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
 fault virtual address   = 0x8
 fault code  = supervisor read, page not present
 instruction pointer = 0x8:0xc01d16ac
 stack pointer   = 0x10:0xc031e704
 frame pointer   = 0x10:0xc031e70c
 code segment= base 0x0, limit 0xf, type 0x1b
 = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
 processor eflags= interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
 current process = Idle
 interrupt mask  = 
 kernel: type 12 trap, code=0
 Stopped at  arpintr+0x9c:   movl0x8(%ebx),%ecx
 db trace
 arpintr(c02a997b,0,10,10,c5d20010) at arpintr+0x9c
 swi_net_next() at swi_net_next
 db

I'm chasing a similiar bug since 2 weeks. The kernel crashed
with a double page fault and access to a very low address
(something like 0x0098). I eliminated the RealTek card
(replaced by a 3Com) and things got better. But it kept crashing.
Now I have disabled SMP and things happen even more rarely (once
every 2 days instead of once every 3-4 hours). This is a very fast
machine (733) potentially with chipsets not supported too well.
I have a few crash dumps I could people have a look at, at least
send the output of kdgb.

If anyone is interested, I may be able to provide access to
the machine and the crash dumps (you can't ftp them, they
are 1GB+ in size, it would cost me NZ$250).

Joerg
-- 
Joerg B. MicheelEmail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Waikato Applied Network DynamicsPhone: +64 7 8384794
The University of Waikato, CompScience  Fax:   +64 7 8384155
Private Bag 3105Pager: +64 868 38222
Hamilton, New Zealand   Plan:  TINE and the DAG's


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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Wes Peters

Patrick Seal wrote:
 
 On Wed, Mar 15, 2000 at 01:35:11PM -0800i, Don Wallwork wrote:
  RealPort CardBus Ethernet 10/100 (RBE-100).
 
  I'll give the xe driver a try.
 
 Dont even try, Cardbus (32-bit) isn't supported by FreeBSD yet.

You haven't been looking into 4.0, have you?

-- 
"Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters Softweyr LLC
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   http://softweyr.com/


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Re: Porting linux drivers to FreeBSD

2000-03-15 Thread Patrick Seal

On Wed, Mar 15, 2000 at 05:46:11PM -0700i, Wes Peters wrote:
 Patrick Seal wrote:
  
  On Wed, Mar 15, 2000 at 01:35:11PM -0800i, Don Wallwork wrote:
   RealPort CardBus Ethernet 10/100 (RBE-100).
  
   I'll give the xe driver a try.
  
  Dont even try, Cardbus (32-bit) isn't supported by FreeBSD yet.
 
 You haven't been looking into 4.0, have you?

I *run* 4.0 on my laptop, have for months.

Date: Sat, 29 Jan 2000 12:23:00 -0500
From: Peter Radcliffe [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Patrick Seal [EMAIL PROTECTED] probably said:
 Has anyone had success with the Xircom CardBus Ethernet 10/100 on either

CardBus is not yet supported.

-


-- 
 _
Patrick Seal|"Microsoft isn't evil, they just make
[EMAIL PROTECTED] |   really crappy operating systems."
Hyperhost - http://www.hyperhost.net| -Linus Torvalds


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NFS Panic Problem

2000-03-15 Thread Douglas Swarin

Recently one of the FreeBSD machines where I work has been crashing on a
semi-regular basis, once or twice a day. The dmesg for the machine is at
the bottom of this post. These crashes started very recently, less than
a week ago. Before that, the machine had been very reliable (several 100
day uptimes).

The machine used to be running FreeBSD 3.1-STABLE as of mid-April 1999.
Since I know many NFS bugs have been fixed since then, the box was on
Tuesday upgraded to 3.4-STABLE (a completely fresh installation). This,
however, did not fix the panics. I believe the problem to be related to
one of these two PRs:

  [1998/06/23] kern/7028  http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=7028
  panic in vinvalbuf when appending/looking at tail of NFS file

  [2000/03/08] misc/17272 http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=17272
  deleting a file that a program has open causes vinvalbuf: flush failed

Basically, it's:

  panic: vinvalbuf: flush failed

And appears to be triggered by a 'tail -f' on a growing, very large log
file over NFS. The NFS host on the other end is running Solaris 2.6 on a
sparc. The actual mount is kind of weird; it is indirected through a
different NFS mount off a NetApp through a symlink (the NetApp-mounted
FS is basically a symlink farm with a few real directories). Basically:

  netapp:/home on /home
  sun:/logs on /sun/logs

  /home/logs@ - /sun/logs
  and we are doing 'tail -f /home/logs/largelogfile'
  (there are good historical reasons for this setup)

We have made no significant changes to the other machines in this setup,
although the logfile in question has been growing in size over time. We
rotate the logfile on the Sun daily as well. No executable files for the
BSD machine are stored on the Sun.

I have compiled a debug kernel and will provide a traceback and/or dump
to anyone who is interested once it happens again. If I find a way to
reliably reproduce it, I will post that too. For the meantime, are there
any quick patches or other solutions I could use?

Thanks in advance for your time and advice,
Doug

Below is dmesg:

Copyright (c) 1992-1999 FreeBSD Inc.
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE #2: Tue Mar 14 23:21:39 CST 2000
doug@xxx:/usr/src/sys/compile/XXX
Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
Timecounter "TSC"  frequency 347664663 Hz
CPU: Pentium II/Xeon/Celeron (347.66-MHz 686-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x652  Stepping = 2
  
Features=0x183fbffFPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,FXSR
real memory  = 536870912 (524288K bytes)
avail memory = 519360512 (507188K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0309000.
Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc030909c.
Pentium Pro MTRR support enabled
Probing for devices on PCI bus 0:
chip0: Intel 82443BX host to PCI bridge rev 0x03 on pci0.0.0
chip1: Intel 82443BX host to AGP bridge rev 0x03 on pci0.1.0
chip2: PCI to PCI bridge (vendor=1011 device=0024) rev 0x03 on pci0.2.0
chip3: Intel 82371AB PCI to ISA bridge rev 0x02 on pci0.7.0
chip4: Intel 82371AB Power management controller rev 0x02 on pci0.7.3
fxp0: Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B Ethernet rev 0x05 int a irq 14 on pci0.8.0
fxp0: Ethernet address 00:90:27:45:ee:ae
Probing for devices on PCI bus 1:
vga0: ATI model 4744 graphics accelerator rev 0x5c on pci1.0.0
Probing for devices on PCI bus 2:
ahc0: Adaptec aic7890/91 Ultra2 SCSI adapter rev 0x00 int a irq 11 on pci2.4.0
ahc0: aic7890/91 Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, 16/255 SCBs
ahc1: Adaptec aic7860 SCSI adapter rev 0x03 int a irq 11 on pci2.6.0
ahc1: aic7860 Single Channel A, SCSI Id=7, 3/255 SCBs
Probing for devices on the ISA bus:
sc0 on isa
sc0: VGA color 16 virtual consoles, flags=0x0
atkbdc0 at 0x60-0x6f on motherboard
atkbd0 irq 1 on isa
psm0 not found
sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x30 on isa
sio0: type 16550A, console
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A
fdc0 at 0x3f0-0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: 1.44MB 3.5in
ppc0 at 0x378 irq 7 on isa
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold
lpt0: generic printer on ppbus 0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: generic parallel i/o on ppbus 0
lppps0: Pulse per second Timing Interface on ppbus 0
plip0: PLIP network interface on ppbus 0
vga0 at 0x3b0-0x3df maddr 0xa msize 131072 on isa
npx0 on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
Waiting 8 seconds for SCSI devices to settle
chcd0 at ahc1 bus 0 target 5 lun 0
cd0: NEC CD-ROM DRIVE:465 1.03 Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device 
cd0: 20.000MB/s transfers (20.000MHz, offset 15)
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
da1 at ahc0 bus 0 target 1 lun 0
da1: IBM DDRS-39130D DC1B Fixed Direct Access SCSI-2 device 
da1: 40.000MB/s transfers (20.000MHz, offset 15, 16bit), Tagged Queueing Enabled
da1: 8715MB (1785 512 byte sectors: 255H