Re: Starting again from Scratch

[Graham Bentley]

> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Re: Starting again from Scratch
> On 27/06/07, Roland Smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 27, 2007 at 09:51:16PM +0100, Graham Bentley wrote:
> > And ... I cant mount my (other os) msdosfs as a user, Im sure I have
> > done this before, driving me nuts, cant think what I havent done?
> >
> > --fstab entry--
> > /dev/ad0s5 /mnt/dosd  msdosfs rw 22
> > /dev/ad0s1 /mnt/dosc  msdosfs rw 22
> > /mnt etc is 666 owned by root:wheel and my user is part of wheel
> > group?
>
> The directory where you want to mount must be _owned_ by the user.
>
> Also, not having (at least) o+x on directories will cause
> hair pulling . . .

Oddly, if I make the directories /dosd and /dosc change the owner
to admin:wheel and update my fstab I can access those as my user 
(admin) but not when fstab is as quoted above ie under /mnt? I dont 
get this as I have often used /mnt/dos type scheme in the past? It
seems as though /mnt has some special property? Perhaps I need to go
back to basics of chmod in symbolic mode?
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Re: partition problem

[mrspock]

> no,ad0 not detected in boot,please help me to solve this problem
>
> On 6/29/07, Lowell Gilbert <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> wrote:
>> "erik freaks" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>>
>> > please help me when I try to install freebsd 6.2(when make partition)
>> I
>> got
>> > this message:
>> >
>> > "No disk found ! Please verify that the disk controller is being
>> probed
>> > properly during boot time"
>> >
>> > please help me my Motherboard is Asus P4P8X, harddisk IDE Samgsung
>> 160Gb,
>> > I connected my Harddisk on Primary Master, its detected in BIOS
>> > how to solve this problem plesase help me
>>
>> Is ad0 detected in the kernel messages when you boot the install disk?
>>


Try to update your BIOS.


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MTU question

[chloe K]

Hi all
   
  ls our network provider insists to set the mtu to 1600? but I can only set 
the freebsd as 1500.
   
  ls there any network issue?
   
  thank you

   
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Re: Can't start x: client 1 rejected from local host

[Jeff Roach]

I solved it by deleting my user, recreating it and copying .xinitrc from my
root to the user directory.

On 6/29/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


I started getting the following message when starting x as a user
other than root in freebsd 6.2 after installing vnc

AUDIT: [Mon Jul 15 14:45:38 2002: 369 XDarwin]: client 1 rejected from
local host
Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server
Xlib: No protocol specified

The part in brackets didn't come from my machine.  The message looked
like this otherwise.

I've tried to delete .Xauthority in my user directory but still the
problem.  After deleting .Xauthority I don't get the error message
above but still a black screen when starting x.

I also tried deinstalling vnc.

Thank you.



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(Solution) Libtool library used but `LIBTOOL' is undefined

[Federico Lorenzi]

Hi List
I've been having this problem for a while, and after countless tries
at fixing it,
discovered it is really simply. I thought i might post the solution
here in case
anyone else encounters the same problem.

Basically when running ./autogen or bootstrap, you get something like:
fed# automake
src/Makefile.am:3: Libtool library used but `LIBTOOL' is undefined
src/Makefile.am:3:
src/Makefile.am:3: The usual way to define `LIBTOOL' is to add `AC_PROG_LIBTOOL'
src/Makefile.am:3: to `configure.in' and run `aclocal' and `autoconf' again.

This is caused because FreeBSD renames the default tools, like aclocal to
aclocal19. When aclocal is run, it looks for files in its FreeBSD set directory,
/usr/local/share/aclocal19 but most normal apps, like libtool, install to
/usr/local/share/aclocal. The solution? Simple! Just merge the contents into one
directory, delete the other, and create a symlink!

Hope this helps someone

Federico
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RE: stopping "connect" attacks in apache (solution)

[Bob]

>>On Jun 15, 2007, at 7:49 PM, Bob wrote:
>> Every time my apache server slows down or has denial of service the
>> access
>> log is full this
>>
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 66.196.97.250:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 216.39.53.3:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 216.39.53.1:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 168.95.5.155:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 168.95.5.157:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>> 61.228.122.220 -  "CONNECT 168.95.5.159:25 HTTP/1.0" 200 7034 "-" "-"
>>

>IP 61.228.122.220 is using the HTTP CONNECT method to relay spam to
>port 25 on the targets via your Apache server.
>
>This almost certainly indicates that you've got mod_proxy loaded or
>something similar via mod_perl/mod_php/whatever, as the CONNECT
>attack would get a "405 Method not allowed" error otherwise.
>
>Check http://your_webserver/server-info for details.

mod_proxy is commented out but am using php5.
Tried putting  this statement   http.allowed_methods = GET & POST   into
/usr/local/etc/php.inibut it had no effect.
The best solution was to add an location declarative with a limitexcept.
The location in the httpd-conf where to place this is very important.

First find this in the conf file

#
# Each directory to which Apache has access, can be configured with respect
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
# directory (and its subdirectories).
#
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of
# permissions for directories.
#


Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Deny from all



Then add the following right after it and restart apache to activate.

# Second, we configure the "default" Location to restrict the methods
allowed
# to stop CONNECT method attacks.
#



   Order allow,deny
   Deny from all




All CONNECT requests from this point on will get a status code of 403
Forbidden for both
perl and php CONNECT attacks.
Just posting this as best solution for the archives.  Good luck all.

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password againg and other policy enforcement

[Patrick Dung]

I have some question about password policy in FreeBSD:

1. Administrator can enforce password expire in /etc/login.conf
Is there any tool that can check when the password will expire for the
users?

2. Any good way to enforce minimum password length and other
restriction(like password need at least 2 numbers, 2 special char)?

3. Any ways to prevent user reuse old password?

Regards
Patrick


  

Park yourself in front of a world of choices in alternative vehicles. Visit the 
Yahoo! Auto Green Center.
http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ 
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Re: password againg and other policy enforcement

[Manolis Kiagias]

Patrick Dung wrote:
> I have some question about password policy in FreeBSD:
>
> 1. Administrator can enforce password expire in /etc/login.conf
> Is there any tool that can check when the password will expire for the
> users?
>
> 2. Any good way to enforce minimum password length and other
> restriction(like password need at least 2 numbers, 2 special char)?
>
> 3. Any ways to prevent user reuse old password?
>
> Regards
> Patrick
>   
These options have been moved to PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules).
Have a look at /etc/pam.d
You will find a file called passwd
Edit it and uncomment the line:

passwordrequisite   pam_passwdqc.so

Change the options you require per the manual page

(man 8 pam_passwdqc)

A lot of restrictions can be placed on the password (history,
complexity, number of chars / symbols and so on).

Manolis

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Re: password againg and other policy enforcement

[Patrick Dung]

Thanks for reply.

pam_passwdqc has feature to enforce min password length, and the
combination. Also it can check the similarity with the current and new
password.

But tools to check when users password will expire is missing.
Also it cannot keep password history (password that the user had used).
The user can use password A, then user change to password B and then
change back to password A...

Regards
Patrick

--- Manolis Kiagias <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Patrick Dung wrote:
> > I have some question about password policy in FreeBSD:
> >
> > 1. Administrator can enforce password expire in /etc/login.conf
> > Is there any tool that can check when the password will expire for
> the
> > users?
> >
> > 2. Any good way to enforce minimum password length and other
> > restriction(like password need at least 2 numbers, 2 special char)?
> >
> > 3. Any ways to prevent user reuse old password?
> >
> > Regards
> > Patrick
> >   
> These options have been moved to PAM (Pluggable Authentication
> Modules).
> Have a look at /etc/pam.d
> You will find a file called passwd
> Edit it and uncomment the line:
> 
> passwordrequisite   pam_passwdqc.so
> 
> Change the options you require per the manual page
> 
> (man 8 pam_passwdqc)
> 
> A lot of restrictions can be placed on the password (history,
> complexity, number of chars / symbols and so on).
> 
> Manolis
> 
> 



   
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Re: Howto make resolution less?

[Gary Kline]

On Sat, Jun 30, 2007 at 12:24:32AM +0200, Per olof Ljungmark wrote:
> Gary Kline wrote:
> > Guys,
> >
> > Well, I hate to admit it, but too much "real estate" can be too
> > much.  The default resolution has Tito be 1600x1200 where 1280x1024
> > would work better.   I  don't find and screen size in my
> > /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.  So where is it?  And/or which key combo
> > do I have to hit to change thing?  Actually, I'd rather
> > hardcode this data.
> 
> man xorg.conf
> 
> example:
> Section "Screen"
> Identifier "Screen0"
> Device "Card0"
> Monitor"Monitor0"

[[ ... ]]

> Modes"1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600"
> EndSubSection
> SubSection "Display"
> Depth 24
> EndSubSection
> EndSection
> 
> /po

Thanks for the details; I didn't find it in the older xorg.conf man page
nor in the 7.2 version.  Thhere were several pointers to other 
references;
that may be where the "Modes" lines are.  
-- 
  Gary Kline  [EMAIL PROTECTED]   www.thought.org  Public Service Unix

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Re: password againg and other policy enforcement

[Eygene Ryabinkin]

Patrick, good day.

Sat, Jun 30, 2007 at 10:12:59AM -0700, Patrick Dung wrote:
> 1. Administrator can enforce password expire in /etc/login.conf

In the /etc/master.passwd. login.conf has the fields, but does
not implement the functionality, if the manpage is right:
=
RESERVED CAPABILITIES
 The following capabilities are reserved for the purposes indicated and
 may be supported by third-party software.  They are not implemented in
 the base system.

 Name  Type  Notes Description
<...>
 expireperiod  timeTime for expiry allocation.
 graceexpire   timeGrace days for expired account.
=
But the following fields are working:

> Is there any tool that can check when the password will expire for the
> users?

Yep,
=
$ LANG=C date -r `pw showuser  | cut -d: -f 6`
Tue Jan 20 00:00:00 MSK 2009

$ LANG=C date -r `pw showuser  | cut -d: -f 7`
Sat Feb 28 00:00:00 MSK 2009


> 2. Any good way to enforce minimum password length and other
> restriction(like password need at least 2 numbers, 2 special char)?
> 
> 3. Any ways to prevent user reuse old password?

man pam_passwdqc, search for the 'match' and 'similar'.

But for the '3.': user still can change his password to something
and immediately bounce back to the old password.  The longer password
history changes the chain length, but does not solve the problem
completely.  The complete password history can help, but it is out
of the passwdqc's scope: it just checks against the current password.
-- 
Eygene
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Re: password againg and other policy enforcement

[Eygene Ryabinkin]

Me again.  Forgot to finish the sentence, sorry.

Sat, Jun 30, 2007 at 11:59:49PM +0400, Eygene Ryabinkin wrote:
> > 1. Administrator can enforce password expire in /etc/login.conf
> 
> In the /etc/master.passwd. login.conf has the fields, but does
> not implement the functionality, if the manpage is right:
> =
> RESERVED CAPABILITIES
>  The following capabilities are reserved for the purposes indicated and
>  may be supported by third-party software.  They are not implemented in
>  the base system.
> 
>  Name  Type  Notes Description
> <...>
>  expireperiod  timeTime for expiry allocation.
>  graceexpire   timeGrace days for expired account.
> =
> But the following fields are working:
=
 warnexpire   timeAdvance notice for pending account
  expiry.
 warnpassword timeAdvance notice for pending password
  expiry.
=
So this can provide some warnings to the user when it logs in.
-- 
Eygene
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Re: Selecting printer from apps core dumps. Howto debug?

[Graham Bentley]

> have you compiled print/xfce4-print with "Use cups as
> printing system"? This matters, among other things. You 
> can check it with 'make showconfig' and change with 
> 'make config'.

3bsd# make showconfig
===> The following configuration options are available for
xfce4-print-4.4.1_1: LPR=off "Use lpr as printing system"
 CUPS=on "Use cups as printing system"
 LETTER=off "Use letter paper format instead of A4"
===> Use 'make config' to modify these settings
3bsd#

Its odd because the cups test page works, printing from
mousepad and firefox works, but abiword bombs completely.
In the short space of time I see it on the screen after 
clicking print I can see there is no entry for the printer.


> I had similar problems until I removed lpr from the base.
> To do this, I added this to /etc/make.conf:
> WITHOUT_LPR=true
> CUPS_OVERWRITE_BASE=yes
> NO_LPR=yes
> and then rebuilt and reinstalled world and cups.

I have tried adding lpd_enable="NO" top rc.conf then realised
cups replaces lpd anyway so that was no help.

Somewhere along the line I have added

[system=10]
add path 'unlpt*' mode 0660 group cups
add path 'ulpt*' mode 0660 group cups
add path 'lpt*' mode 0660 group cups

to /etc/devfs.rules and

devfs_system_ruleset="system"

to rc.conf

I wanted to avoid having to buildword just now ...

and just read this thead ;

> CUPS installs its own version of lpr, lpq and lpd
> under /usr/local/bin.
> Therefore, be sure to delete lpr , lpq and lpd under 
> /usr/bin and then symlink from /usr/local/bin to /usr/bin.

although lpd looks to be under /usr/sbin on my system?

Any further help on figuring this out appreciated! 










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Re: X fails after upgrade to xorg-7.2; FreeBSD AMD64 w/ Radeon 9600 Pro

[Byron Campbell]

On Wednesday 20 June 2007 12:07:49 am Andy Fawcett wrote:
>
> One thing that *might* make a difference could be the drm
> stuff. I have it built into my kernel, you might be
> (auto)loading it as modules.
>
> Relevant lines from my kernel config:
>
> device  radeondrm
> device  drm
>
> Could be worth trying, if you don't already have it.

Thanks for the tip. I'm just now getting back to this issue 
after installing 6.2 Stable AMD64 on a newly acquired hard 
drive. And I have the above drm lines in my kernel, but the 
display still goes blank when I startx.

Some small headway: The problem with the display (which is now 
a SyncMaster 940t connected to the Radeon 9600 Pro DVI out) 
being driven out of range (I assume) and going blank was 
solved by setting the option NoAccel in the device section of 
my xorg.conf file. I've also tired both the  "ati" 
and "radeon" drivers, and both give identical results.

With acceleration disabled image tearing is bad, jumpy really,  
that is when one is dragging an X-term around on the desktop 
(xfce4.) But at least I've got a workable display now.

I've been trying several and varied radeon driver "option" 
settings / combinations to see if I can get a viewable 
display with acceleration, but no luck yet.  Maybe someone 
using the Radeon 9600 Pro [RV350 AP] video card with a 
similar TFT flatpanel will chime in with their experiences 
and / or workable settings. 

Byron - WA4GEG

-
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backing up dvds

[Dave]

Hello,
   I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up some dvds 
to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be needed. 
I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, but i'd rather 
not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the iso directly 
from the dvd. Any pointers on this?

Thanks.
Dave.

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Re: backing up dvds

[Dantavious]

Hi,
I have used K3b for this before. Very simple to use.


On Saturday 30 June 2007 17:46:36 Dave wrote:
> Hello,
> I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up some dvds
> to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be
> needed. I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, but i'd
> rather not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the iso
> directly from the dvd. Any pointers on this?
> Thanks.
> Dave.
>
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Re: backing up dvds

[Jonathan Horne]

On Saturday 30 June 2007 16:46:36 Dave wrote:
> Hello,
> I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up some dvds
> to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be
> needed. I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, but i'd
> rather not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the iso
> directly from the dvd. Any pointers on this?
> Thanks.
> Dave.
>
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dd if=/dev/acd0 of=/path/to/filename.iso bs=1024

this is how i make my .iso files of data disks.

cheers,
-- 
Jonathan Horne
http://dfwlpiki.dfwlp.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: MTU question

[Modulok]

On 6/30/07, chloe K <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Hi all

  ls our network provider insists to set the mtu to 1600? but I can only set
the freebsd as 1500.

  ls there any network issue?

  thank you


A value of 1600 is not standard compliant. A value of 1500 is the
largest MTU for standard ethernet, as stated in RFC 894 - "A Standard
for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks", and RFC
1191 - "Path MTU discovery." Perhaps your provider is confused?

RFC 894:
"...the maximum length of an IP datagram sent over an Ethernet is 1500 octets."


As far as overriding this to a higher value, you may be restricted in
doing so by your hardware, as stated in the ifconfig(8) manpage,
"...Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces
have range restrictions."

-Modulok-
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Re: backing up dvds

[Garrett Cooper]

Jonathan Horne wrote:

On Saturday 30 June 2007 16:46:36 Dave wrote:
  

Hello,
I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up some dvds
to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be
needed. I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, but i'd
rather not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the iso
directly from the dvd. Any pointers on this?
Thanks.
Dave.



dd if=/dev/acd0 of=/path/to/filename.iso bs=1024

this is how i make my .iso files of data disks.

cheers,
  


Both previous answers assume that you're not trying to backup 
copyrighted CDs. In that case you need to deCSS them first, but you're 
on your own with that.


-Garrett
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Re: NFS Problems/Questions

[Jason Morgan]

On Sat, Jun 23, 2007 at 07:42:24PM -0400, Jason Morgan wrote:
> On Sat, Jun 23, 2007 at 12:46:27PM -0700, Michael Smith wrote:
> > Hello Jason:
> > 
> > On Jun 23, 2007, at 9:34 AM, Jason Morgan wrote:
> > 
> > >I've been having some trouble with NFS performance for some time and
> > >now that class is out, I've had a bit of time to investigate but I'm
> > >stuck. Below are the details of my investigation. Hopefully, someone
> > >here can give me some advice.
> > >
> > >The basic problem is that my NFS performance is very slow. Right now,
> > >I am connecting two workstations to a NFS server, which has my home
> > >directory, etc, mounted. They are connected over a gigabit network
> > >(right now with mtu set to 7000, which is supported by all hardware --
> > >changing it to 1500 has no effect on performance, which is
> > >strange). Each system is running 6.2-RELEASE or -STABLE. Each system
> > >is also using the following network card:
> > >
> > ># ifconfig sk0
> > >sk0: flags=8843 mtu 7000
> > >options=b
> > >inet 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
> > >ether 00:17:9a:bb:05:87
> > >media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX  > >duplex,flag0,flag1>)
> > >status: active
> > >
> > ># dmesg | grep sk
> > >skc0:  port 0xec00-0xecff mem
> > >  0xfdff8000-0xfdffbfff irq 18 at device 10.0 on pci0
> > >skc0: DGE-530T Gigabit Ethernet Adapter rev. (0x9)
> > >sk0:   on skc0
> > >sk0:  Ethernet address: 00:17:9a:XX:XX:XX
> > >
> > >## Server /etc/rc.conf settings
> > >
> > >rpcbind_enable="YES"
> > >rpc_lockd_enable="YES"
> > >rpc_statd_enable="YES"
> > >nfs_server_enable="YES"
> > >nfs_server_flags="-u -t -n 12"
> > >nfs_bufpackets="32"
> > >mountd_flags="-r"
> > >
> > >
> > >## Client /etc/rc.conf settings
> > >
> > >nfs_client_enable="YES"
> > >nfs_bufpackets="32"
> > >nfsiod_enable="YES"
> > >nfsiod_flags="-n 6"
> > >rpc_lockd_enable="YES"
> > >rpc_statd_enable="YES"
> > >rpcbind_enable="YES"
> > >
> > >## /etc/exports
> > >
> > >/usr -alldirs,maproot=root client1 client2
> > >
> > >
> > >For performance benchmarking, I am using dd. Locally from the server,
> > >this is a representative result when writing a 1GB file:
> > >
> > >## Local write test (for an upper-bound on what to expect).
> > >
> > ># dd if=/dev/zero of=./nfs.dat bs=1024k count=1000
> > >1000+0 records in
> > >1000+0 records out
> > >1048576000 bytes transferred in 19.580184 secs (53552919 bytes/sec)
> > >
> > >Connecting from a client (both clients get approximately the same
> > >results).
> > >
> > >## Remote connection (UDP), mounted in /etc/fstab as with flags:
> > >## rw,-U,-3,-r=32768,-w=32768
> > >
> > ># dd if=/dev/zero of=./nfs.dat bs=1024k count=1000
> > >1000+0 records in
> > >1000+0 records out
> > >1048576000 bytes transferred in 101.151139 secs (10366428 bytes/sec)
> > >
> > >## Remote connection (TCP), mounted in /etc/fstab as with flags:
> > >## rw,-T,-3,-r=32768,-w=32768
> > >
> > ># dd if=/dev/zero of=./nfs.dat bs=1024k count=1000
> > >1000+0 records in
> > >1000+0 records out
> > >1048576000 bytes transferred in 59.668585 secs (17573334 bytes/sec)
> > >
> > >As can be seen above, TCP is much faster than UPD. I have tried many
> > >different mount settings and these are the best results I could
> > >get. To test whether or not I have having network issues, I
> > >transferred the same nfs.dat file via a http connection and got
> > >~32MB/sec -- almost 2x the speed of the TCP NFS connection. 32MB/sec
> > >is about what I would expect given that my fastest write speed is
> > >~50MB/sec.
> > >
> > >At this point I am stumped. I have tried increasing/changing the
> > >number of nfsiod servers as well as nfs_bufpackets. No matter what
> > >settings I change, the results are always the same. I get only two
> > >errors, first on /var/log/messages on the server I have just begun
> > >seeing:
> > >
> > >Jun 22 21:13:47 crichton routed[666]: sendto(dc1, 224.0.0.2):  
> > >Operation not permitted
> > >Jun 22 21:13:47 crichton routed[666]: sendto(sk0, 224.0.0.2):  
> > >Operation not permitted
> > >Jun 22 21:13:50 crichton routed[666]: sendto(dc1, 224.0.0.2):  
> > >Operation not permitted
> > >Jun 22 21:13:50 crichton routed[666]: sendto(sk0, 224.0.0.2):  
> > >Operation not permitted
> > >
> > >This appeared after I added a route; however, I added the route after
> > >many of the tests were done. I get the same results now as before the
> > >new route. On one of the clients (the one running 6.2-RELEASE-p1), I
> > >also get a nasty error:
> > >
> > >nfs/tcp clnt: Error 60 reading socket, tearing down TCP connection
> > >
> > >This cropped up last night after I tweaked some settings. They have
> > >now been changed back, but I still get this error. The other client is
> > >unaffected.
> > >
> > >I appreciate any help people can provide on tracking down the
> > >issues. Sorry about the long email -- just trying to be thorough. Of
> > >course, I've searched the Internet and can't find any c

Re: MTU question

[cpghost]

Modulok wrote:

On 6/30/07, chloe K <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Hi all

  ls our network provider insists to set the mtu to 1600? but I can 
only set

the freebsd as 1500.

  ls there any network issue?

  thank you


A value of 1600 is not standard compliant. A value of 1500 is the
largest MTU for standard ethernet, as stated in RFC 894 - "A Standard
for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks", and RFC
1191 - "Path MTU discovery." Perhaps your provider is confused?

RFC 894:
"...the maximum length of an IP datagram sent over an Ethernet is 1500 
octets."


That's correct, but...

perhaps they're not using Ethernet? Some layer 2 technologies also
support larger frames, e.g. 4k. However, any router can (and generally
will) fragment an IP packet into many IP packets so that they fit into
smaller MTUs (provided the don't fragment bit is not set). Those packets
will then be routed independently of each other, and usually reassembled
at the end point by the TCP stack of the receiving machine.


As far as overriding this to a higher value, you may be restricted in
doing so by your hardware, as stated in the ifconfig(8) manpage,
"...Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces
have range restrictions."

-Modulok-


There are also some other reasons to avoid jumbograms and stick
to Ethernet's 1500 MTU (or less, as specified by the ISP, often if they
tunnel their traffic to their upstream provider).

-cpghost.

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Re: backing up dvds

[cpghost]

Garrett Cooper wrote:

Jonathan Horne wrote:

On Saturday 30 June 2007 16:46:36 Dave wrote:
 

Hello,
I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up 
some dvds

to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be
needed. I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, 
but i'd
rather not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the 
iso

directly from the dvd. Any pointers on this?
Thanks.
Dave.



dd if=/dev/acd0 of=/path/to/filename.iso bs=1024

this is how i make my .iso files of data disks.

cheers,
  


Both previous answers assume that you're not trying to backup 
copyrighted CDs. In that case you need to deCSS them first, but you're 
on your own with that. 


Which is technically trivially done with:
   /usr/ports/sysutils/vobcopy
if:
  /usr/ports/multimedia/libdvdread
is compiled with:
  /usr/ports/multimedia/libdvdcss/
support...

... assuming it is legal where you live, or you own the copyright
of some CSS-scrambled content, of course. ;-)

But it won't give you an ISO yet; though backing
that stuff up with growisofs is easy enough.


-Garrett


-cpghost.

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Re: UFS2 optimization for many small files

[Peter Jeremy]

On 2007-Jun-27 14:11:19 +0400, Nguyen Tam Chinh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> We're going to build a server with some 1Tb of over 500 million small
> files with size from 0,5k to 4k.  I'm wonder if the ufs2 can handle
> this kind of system well.

Short answer: No.

Longer answer: FreeBSD and UFS2 have been tweaked to support large
numbers of files in larger filesystems and there are no hard limits
that you will exceed by having 500,000,000 files in a >1TB FS.

However, you will not be able to fsck the FS on an i386 system and
will need a lot of RAM+SWAP on amd64 or SPARC64.  fsck will also take
a _long_ time (hours) to run.  Depending on how the files are organised,
you may run into severe performance problems with directory searching.

> From newfs(8) the min block size is 4k. This
> is not optimal in our case, a 1k or 0,5k block is more effective IMHO.
> I'd be happy if anyone can suggest what does fragment (block/8) in the
> ufs2 mean and how this parameter works.

I suggest you read /usr/share/doc/smm/05.fastfs/paper.ascii.gz
Whilst this paper discusses UFS1, the basics remain the same.

I have tried using a 4K/0.5K UFS1 filesystem in the past and found the
performance was very poor.  UFS2 was based on 16K/2K and I would expect
it to perform even worse with 4K/0.5K.  I would suggest you try 8K/1K.

BTW, in sizing your system, you will need to allow for both the last
space when the file sizes are rounded up to a multiple of the fragment
size, as well as the inode size (256 bytes).  If you have 1TB of data,
it's likely that you will have another 0.5-1TB of overheads.

Overall, I suggest you look at an alternative way to store the data.

-- 
Peter Jeremy


pgp1NIeAQs5sj.pgp
Description: PGP signature

Re: backing up dvds

[Dave]

Hello,
   Thanks for your reply. I don't know if this will make a difference, and 
i should have mentioned it in my original posts these are dvd videos and i 
want to get the complete dvd, everything.

Thanks.
Dave.

- Original Message - 
From: "Jonathan Horne" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>

To: 
Sent: Saturday, June 30, 2007 6:39 PM
Subject: Re: backing up dvds



On Saturday 30 June 2007 16:46:36 Dave wrote:

Hello,
I've got a 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I want to back up some 
dvds

to iso files so i can recreate the dvds at a later time should it be
needed. I can use dvdbackup to backup in to a directory structure, but 
i'd

rather not mount, create the directory, and iso, i'd rather make the iso
directly from the dvd. Any pointers on this?
Thanks.
Dave.

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dd if=/dev/acd0 of=/path/to/filename.iso bs=1024

this is how i make my .iso files of data disks.

cheers,
--
Jonathan Horne
http://dfwlpiki.dfwlp.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" 


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Re: backing up dvds

[cpghost]

Dave wrote:

Hello,
   Thanks for your reply. I don't know if this will make a difference, 
and i should have mentioned it in my original posts these are dvd 
videos and i want to get the complete dvd, everything.


If it's legal in your part of the world:

1. Install /usr/ports/multimedia/libdvdcss
2. Install /usr/ports/multimedia/libdvdread
3. Install /usr/ports/sysutils/vobcopy
4. Run vobcopy -m to copy everything to harddisk
5. Backup the directory with growisofs

BUT, be advised that menus may break, and that
.ifo and .bup files may loose meaning (IIRC they
refer to physical sectors on the DVD which are lost
when copying (and deCSS-ing) the VOBs to disk.
But the video/sound stuff is in the VOB. They're all
that really matter.

If you really want to recreate a DVD that is viewable
with hardware DVD players, you'll need to use a
DVD authoring software (like multimedia/dvdauthor)
and a lot of reading before.

Of course, all this is assuming that where you life, you
are legally allowed to make a private backup copy, to
use DeCSS to this purpose / or that you are the copyright
owner of the content (owning the media is not enough). ;-)


Thanks.
Dave.


cpghost.

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Re-Update Your Online Banking

[Lloyds TSB Bank]

   Date: Sun, 1 Jul 2007 03:13:25 +0200 (CEST)

   Dear Lloyds Tsb Customer, 2007 Update

   Due to concerns, for the safety and integrity of the lloyds tsb
   account we have issued this warning message.

   It has come to our attention that your Lloyds tsb account information
   needs to be
   updated as part of our continuing commitment to protect your account
   in this year 2007 and to
   reduce the instance of fraud on our website. If you could please take
   5-10 minutes
   out of your online experience and update your personal records you
   will not run into
   any future problems with the online service.

   Once you have updated your account records your lloydstsb account
   service will not be interrupted and will continue as normal.

   To update your lloyds tsb records click on the following link:
   [1]http://www.lloydstsb.com/signon?LOB=CONS&screenid=Update_Ac ct

   Thank You.

   Accounts Management As outlined in our User Agreement, lloyds tsb will
   periodically send you information about site changes and enhancements.

   Visit our Privacy Policy and User Agreement if you have any questions.
   http://www.lloydstsb.com/help/index.html

References

   1. http://www.lebendiges-mittelalter.org//mambots/customer.ibc.htm
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The FreeBSD Diary: 2007-06-10 - 2007-06-30

[Dan Langille]

The FreeBSD Diary contains a large number of practical 
examples and how-to guides.  This message is posted weekly
to freebsd-questions@freebsd.org with the aim of letting people
know what's available on the website.  Before you post a question
here it might be a good idea to first search the mailing list 
archives  
and/or The FreeBSD Diary . 


-- 
Dan Langille
BSDCan - http://www.BSDCan.org/ - BSD Conference

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dvd configuration error

[Dave]

Hello,
   I've gota 6.2 box with a dvd writer in it. I'm having what i believe is 
a configuration error on my part, which is driving me crazy.
   I've got the device installed, it shows up in dmesg as /dev/acd1. I have 
an fstab entry for it as:


/dev/acd1 /cdrom1 cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0

i've tried commenting this line out with the below and it doesn't matter. In 
loader.conf i have:


hw.ata.atapi_dma="1"

i can mount a dvdrw with either:
mount /cdrom1
or
mount /dev/acd1 /cdrom1

and in either case it works fine. I can read dvdrw's with no problem. I'm 
using dvd+rw-tools 7.0 from ports.
   I'm trying to blank a dvdrw so i can rewrite to it. I'm using 
dvd+rw-format /dev/acd1 i've also tried dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/acd1 and in 
both cases i'm getting the error:


/dev/acd1: unable to open: inappropriate ioctl for device

   Suggestions appreciated.
Thanks.
Dave.

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