Cluster File System / Replicated File System

[Nick Pavlica]

All,
  I'm trying to set up a group of redundant scp servers to back up my
data.  I was thinking that a cluster of servers with replicated file
systems would provide the redundancy that I would like.  I have a fair
amount of data and would like to be able to grow the storage as my
backups increase.  Is there a cluster and or file system replication
method that meets these requirements in FreeBSD?

Your help is appreciated!

--Nick
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file system

[Larry Johnson]

Hello ,

The file systems used in Linux are limited to 32,000 files or
subdirectories within any given directory. Does anybody know what
the limit is in FreeBSD?  Can't find any info about this anywhere.

Many Thanks!

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File system

[Ansar Mohammed]

Hello All,
I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.

When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.

Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont crap
out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?
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file system

[hossein ghahghaei]

what is the freebsd's file system
how manage freebsd the hardware and i/o devices

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Re: file system

[Dan Nelson]

In the last episode (Dec 30), Larry Johnson said:
> The file systems used in Linux are limited to 32,000 files or
> subdirectories within any given directory. Does anybody know what the
> limit is in FreeBSD?  Can't find any info about this anywhere.

I don't think there's really a limit on the number of files; I quite
easily created 90k files in a directory with a shell script.  The
number of subdirectories in one directory is 32766, since the link
count for a directory is stored as a signed 16-bit integer, and the
parent directory will end up with 32767 links (one for itself, and
32766 to .. in each child directory).  This is also trivial to verify
with a shell script.

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File system full?

[Eric F Crist]

How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and I've 
deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.

Here's my df -h readout:

$ df -h
FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
/dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
/dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
/dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
/dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
/dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
/dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
$

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(612) 998-3588
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File System Descriptions

[Odhiambo Washington]

Dear people,

Does anyone know of a place where they describe the differences between
the commonly known filesystem types - UFS, UFS2, NTFS, EXT2, EXT3,
REISERFS, FAT32 (spit!) .. well, mostly the ones related to Unix I hope.
I would like to know why one type is preferred over the others, or
something like that.

Thank you in advance for all the answers, and even flames!


-Wash

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Corrupted file system?

[Jorn Argelo]

Hi folks,

I've been installing the i386 port (5.2.1-P11) on my AMD64 (because I got sick 
of the cvsup problem). So that all went fine, I've compiled KDE from source 
and stuff, no problem. But now I wanted to start KDE (which has been working 
fine yesterday). So I tried to login and said that it could not find iceauth 
in its path. 

So I checked and I was sure the file was there. (/usr/X11R6/bin/) Rebooted 
into single user mode and fixed up a whole bunch of errors. Used /sbin/reboot 
to reboot the machine, and I still had the problem. So I tried it again, and 
again it fixed problems, but now in the root directory as well. So I booted 
again into normal mode, and I could still not login. I checked, and fsck was 
still picking things out. So when I reboot the FS seems to be being messed up 
or something (And yes, I used the -y option).

I didn't unmount the drive cleanly one time because the machine locked up 
(problem with the nvidia-driver). I can't imagine that the entire filesystem 
got messed up because of one unclean unmount. So what can I do about it? 

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks,

Jorn.
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file system type

[Robert Munn]

Is there any way of detecting the type of file system on a disk,  
specifically UFS2 or UFS1?
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File system error

[water B]

Hi,
 
I got a little problem with /usr partition
 
# df -h
FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/da0s1a   288M72M   193M27%/
/dev/da0s1f15G13G   535M96%/usr
/dev/da0s1e   288M97M   168M37%/var
procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
# du -h /usr
...
6.4G/usr
I have deleted some files but it does not restore the used disk.
Does anybody have an idea?
 
Thanks.




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rio file system

[Paul Liljeberg]

hello.
is the rio file system supported in freebsd? will i be able to use it?
//metalworker

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file system full

[shubha mr]

Hi,

I tried to compile and install new kernel with another
option (with VLAN support added).But when I
makeinstall the kernel,it said file system is full.
How do I need to remove the unneceaarry things and
from where so that I can make space to teh new
kernel.Is there a place where the system gives what
all are there from which I can chosse the things to be
removed?

Thanks
shubha

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file system trouble

[Heinrich Rebehn]

Hi list,

This morning i had a strange problem:
The /home filesystem was full (121G partition on a 3ware escalade raid)
So i deleted 7G, but df did not show any difference. The fs is mounted w/ 
soft-updates. I issued a sync command, but still no change. The files were no 
longer shown in ls, but space was not freed. So i decided to reboot, to make 
sure that the deleted files are not still opened by some process.
The shutdown went normal, but at the end it said:

sysncing disks..

3321 3321 3321 3316 .

I dont't know the exact numbers anymore, but it printed some 40x80 lines of 4 
digit numbers, the last line was all 1s and then said:

giving up on 1 buffers.

When rebooting, all fs were unclean and i had to wait the usual 20 minutes for 
fsck to complete.

What has been going on here?

I use 4.6.2-RELEASE

Heinrich
--

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University of Bremen
Physics / Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Department of Telecommunications -

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Stackable File System

[Somil Asthana]

Hi All:
  I am trying to develop a simple encrypted stackable file system.
Instead of making a new stackable file system I modified nullfs code
itself. I added null_read() and null_write() functions. null_read()
internally calls VOP_READ() and null_write() calls VOP_WRITE() (it bypass
control to lower vnode vectors VOPS). The code of null_write() function is
such that before calling VOP_WRITE() it increments each character pointed
by uio_iov->iov_base[i] by 1 and null_read() does the opposite ie it
decrement each character pointed by uio_iov->iov_base[i] by 1 after
calling VOP_READ. So for example if I open a file and store "ABCDE" it
actually gets stored as "BCDEF" but when I read it back using cat
program or read system call I get "BCDEF" not "ABCDE".I can see the code
is going to null_read() and uio_iov->iov_base[i] is actually printing
"ABCDE" on console. Whats surprising is that user space cat or read system
call are not giving the correct output or I should say that modified uio
structure is not reflected in user space.

I am mounting using this command

 sudo mount -t null /mnt/ /TMP/

 So in /TMP dir has a nullfs is on top of ufs

Am I missing something here ? I can see that the control is actually going
to null_read and null_write and I have tested that nullfs is on top of ufs
in /TMP directory.

thank you
Somil





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versioning file system

[David Bear]

years ago I used a VAX VMS system that automatically saved file
versions whenever a file name was clobbered.  

I've seen wrapper scripts for vi to accomplish the same but it would
be nice if someone had actually implemented something at the file
system level to do this.  Anyone know of anything like that for
FreeBSD?

-- 
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phone:  480-965-8257
fax:480-965-9189
College of Public Programs/ASU
Wilson Hall 232
Tempe, AZ 85287-0803
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File system limits

[How Can ThisBe]

I'm working on a little experimental script and I'm wondering if there
is any kind of limit as to how many files or subdirectories a directory
can have.
I'm in the planing stages at the moment and I'm think that I may have
upto 4096 directories in a single directory, each of these 4096
directories could have upto 4096 sub directories...
The other option I have (if this is too many) is to have 256
subdirectories (I'm guessing this on will not be a problem)
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ext3 file system

[Ralf Mardorf]

Hi :)

is it possible to mount Linux ext3 file systems with fstab by label?
Before I run mount -a /mnt/dump had the same permissions, owner and group  
as /mnt/archlinux has got. Is it possible to keep this? Both are Linux  
ext3 fs. Mounting without a label does work.


root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # cat /etc/fstab
# DeviceMountpoint  FStype  Options Dump Pass
/dev/ad4s1b noneswapsw  0   0
/dev/ad4s1a /   ufs rw  1   1
/dev/ad4s1e /tmpufs rw  2   2
/dev/ad4s1f /usrufs rw  2   2
/dev/ad4s1d /varufs rw  2   2
/dev/acd0   /cdrom  cd9660  ro,noauto   0   0
#proc   /proc   procfs  rw  0   0
/dev/ada0s8 /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
#/dev/label/dump /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
#/dev/label/archlinux/mnt/archlinux  ext2fs  rw  0   0

root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l /mnt
total 6
drwxr-xr-x  2 rocketmouse  wheel   512 Jan 20 20:51 archlinux
drwxrwxrwx  2 root wheel  4096 Jan 20 20:09 dump
root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l / | grep mnt
drwxr-xr-x4 root  wheel  512 Jan 20 20:51 mnt

I still search the Internet, but had bad luck until now.

If I run 'gpart show -l' I can't see what /dev archlinux is, it doesn't  
show Linux labels, so I need to restart and boot Linux to see at what  
position it is, to figure out what /dev/ada*s* archlinux is.


Regards,
Ralf
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meory file system

[gahn]

Hi, All:

I am running 8.1. under /dev, I don't see /dev/md0, so i am trying to add 
following lines in kernel file and got error messages:

options MFS #Memory Filesystem


/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/bn39_1: unknown option "MFS"
*** Error code 1

Stop in /usr/src.
*** Error code 1

any gurus here know what is happeny here?



  
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Re: File system

[Bobby Walker]

On May 8, 2010, at 8:36 PM, Ansar Mohammed wrote:

> Hello All,
> I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
> shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.
> 
> When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.
> 
> Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont crap
> out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?
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> 

I am far from an expert on this topic, but under what situation is it good to 
take any OS down suddenly?  Is this an unavoidable event of some sort?

If this is a timed event, that happens on a regular basis, then you should be 
able to issue a timed shutdown prior to that so that the operating system goes 
down cleanly.

Any file system that is taken down abruptly, repeatedly will see degradation.  
Databases and open files, not to mention any data that is being written from/to 
the hard disk are all meant to be taken down and cleared out properly.

I'm not certain that a different file system is the solution, it might just be 
a band-aid on the greater problem, which is eliminating the sudden power loss 
that's simulated by shutting off a VM.

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Re: File system

[Ansar Mohammed]

Hello Bobby,

The VM is in my lab environemnt. I have many flavours of Windows, Linux and
FreeBSD. FreeBSD is my firewall running PF.

I have rebooted my entire environment hundreds of times, and non of my
Windows or Linux VMs will complain or boot into a repair/single user mode.

The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem (UFS)
is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
UFS+SoftUpdates.

At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
single user mode and file system/data corruption.

I love FreeBSD, and have been a user since 2.x but its a bit frustrating
that whenever power fails I have to do this..


On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 10:57 PM, Bobby Walker  wrote:

> On May 8, 2010, at 8:36 PM, Ansar Mohammed wrote:
>
>  > Hello All,
> > I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
> > shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.
> >
> > When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.
> >
> > Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont
> crap
> > out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?
> > ___
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> > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
> > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "
> freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
> >
>
> I am far from an expert on this topic, but under what situation is it good
> to take any OS down suddenly?  Is this an unavoidable event of some sort?
>
> If this is a timed event, that happens on a regular basis, then you should
> be able to issue a timed shutdown prior to that so that the operating system
> goes down cleanly.
>
> Any file system that is taken down abruptly, repeatedly will see
> degradation.  Databases and open files, not to mention any data that is
> being written from/to the hard disk are all meant to be taken down and
> cleared out properly.
>
> I'm not certain that a different file system is the solution, it might just
> be a band-aid on the greater problem, which is eliminating the sudden power
> loss that's simulated by shutting off a VM.
>
> -- Bobby___
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Re: File system

[Bobby Walker]

On May 8, 2010, at 10:18 PM, Ansar Mohammed wrote:

> Hello Bobby,
> 
> The VM is in my lab environemnt. I have many flavours of Windows, Linux and
> FreeBSD. FreeBSD is my firewall running PF.
> 
> I have rebooted my entire environment hundreds of times, and non of my
> Windows or Linux VMs will complain or boot into a repair/single user mode.
> 
> The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem (UFS)
> is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
> UFS+SoftUpdates.
> 
> At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
> databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
> single user mode and file system/data corruption.
> 
> I love FreeBSD, and have been a user since 2.x but its a bit frustrating
> that whenever power fails I have to do this..
> 
> 
> On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 10:57 PM, Bobby Walker  wrote:
> 
>> On May 8, 2010, at 8:36 PM, Ansar Mohammed wrote:
>> 
>>> Hello All,
>>> I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
>>> shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.
>>> 
>>> When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.
>>> 
>>> Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont
>> crap
>>> out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?
>>> ___
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>>> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
>>> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "
>> freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
>>> 
>> 
>> I am far from an expert on this topic, but under what situation is it good
>> to take any OS down suddenly?  Is this an unavoidable event of some sort?
>> 
>> If this is a timed event, that happens on a regular basis, then you should
>> be able to issue a timed shutdown prior to that so that the operating system
>> goes down cleanly.
>> 
>> Any file system that is taken down abruptly, repeatedly will see
>> degradation.  Databases and open files, not to mention any data that is
>> being written from/to the hard disk are all meant to be taken down and
>> cleared out properly.
>> 
>> I'm not certain that a different file system is the solution, it might just
>> be a band-aid on the greater problem, which is eliminating the sudden power
>> loss that's simulated by shutting off a VM.
>> 
>> -- Bobby___

Okay, I just took my VM down abruptly, and I had no problems coming back up 
automatically. 

That makes me wonder exactly how your fstab is set, would you mind posting 
yours if it deviates too much from what mine looks like?

# DeviceMountpoint  FStype  Options 
DumpPass#
/dev/ad0s1b noneswapsw  
0   0
/dev/ad0s1a /   ufs 
rw  1   1
/dev/ad0s1e /tmpufs 
rw  2   2
/dev/ad0s1f /usrufs 
rw  2   2
/dev/ad0s1d /varufs 
rw  2   2
/dev/acd0   /cdrom  cd9660  ro,noauto   
0   0


>> freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list
>> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
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>> freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
>> 
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Re: File system

[Adam Vande More]

On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 10:18 PM, Ansar Mohammed  wrote:

> Hello Bobby,
>
> The VM is in my lab environemnt. I have many flavours of Windows, Linux and
> FreeBSD. FreeBSD is my firewall running PF.
>


>
> I have rebooted my entire environment hundreds of times, and non of my
> Windows or Linux VMs will complain or boot into a repair/single user mode.
>
> The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem (UFS)
> is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
> UFS+SoftUpdates.
>

Well I'd say that's clearly not the problem since so many of us don't have
your issues.  SU is disabled on / for a reason. I highly doubt you actually
want to enable this, but you can if you adjust the FS when it isn't mounted
eg boot from fixit cd.

>
> At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
> databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
> single user mode and file system/data corruption.
>

FreeBSD has defaulted to background checking on SU FS's for the better part
of 10 years.  What version are you running?  What data corruption did you
have and what does databases have to do with it?  Also DB's that are
unexpectly killed can have consistency problems regardless of what FS it
writes to and OS happens to be running it.


>
> I love FreeBSD, and have been a user since 2.x
>

User as in you saw it running a couple times?

So on to your actual issue instead of all the bs, what does your
/etc/rc.conf say?  Specifically, what is the boot failing on?

If you really want the disk/partition/slice journaled, you can do so with
gjournal or ZFS offers an even better copy-on-write system.  If the install
is only running a fw, the zfs is probably overkill though.




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Re: File system

[Ansar Mohammed]

You know what,
dont worry about it. Thanks for the help all! You have been very helpful.




On Sun, May 9, 2010 at 1:16 AM, Adam Vande More wrote:

>  On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 10:18 PM, Ansar Mohammed  wrote:
>
>> Hello Bobby,
>>
>> The VM is in my lab environemnt. I have many flavours of Windows, Linux
>> and
>> FreeBSD. FreeBSD is my firewall running PF.
>>
>
>
>>
>> I have rebooted my entire environment hundreds of times, and non of my
>> Windows or Linux VMs will complain or boot into a repair/single user mode.
>>
>> The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem
>> (UFS)
>> is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
>> UFS+SoftUpdates.
>>
>
> Well I'd say that's clearly not the problem since so many of us don't have
> your issues.  SU is disabled on / for a reason. I highly doubt you actually
> want to enable this, but you can if you adjust the FS when it isn't mounted
> eg boot from fixit cd.
>
>>
>> At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
>> databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
>> single user mode and file system/data corruption.
>>
>
> FreeBSD has defaulted to background checking on SU FS's for the better part
> of 10 years.  What version are you running?  What data corruption did you
> have and what does databases have to do with it?  Also DB's that are
> unexpectly killed can have consistency problems regardless of what FS it
> writes to and OS happens to be running it.
>
>
>>
>> I love FreeBSD, and have been a user since 2.x
>>
>
> User as in you saw it running a couple times?
>
> So on to your actual issue instead of all the bs, what does your
> /etc/rc.conf say?  Specifically, what is the boot failing on?
>
> If you really want the disk/partition/slice journaled, you can do so with
> gjournal or ZFS offers an even better copy-on-write system.  If the install
> is only running a fw, the zfs is probably overkill though.
>
>
>
>
> --
> Adam Vande More
>
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Re: File system

[Matthew Seaman]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

On 09/05/2010 06:16:13, Adam Vande More wrote:
>> The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem (UFS)
>> > is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
>> > UFS+SoftUpdates.
>> >
> Well I'd say that's clearly not the problem since so many of us don't have
> your issues.  SU is disabled on / for a reason. I highly doubt you actually
> want to enable this, but you can if you adjust the FS when it isn't mounted
> eg boot from fixit cd.

Softupdates is not normally enabled on the root, not because enabling SU
there is a bad thing, but because the root is expected to be pretty much
read-only.  Thus there's no real point to having it.

Historically, SU was disabled due to a bug where large writes to a
filesystem (such as 'make installworld') could temporarily take up a lot
of extra space, and given the usual propensity of root filesystems[*] to
be too small in any case, that was killing people's ability to update.
That bug was, however, fixed long ago so there's no particular reason
not to have SU on the root nowadays.

To turn on softupdates on the root, you need to *reboot* to single user
mode, or else boot from a livecd.  You can easily turn on softupdates on
root from sysinstall at install time.

You can implement journalling using gjournal -- just not from
sysinstall.  Or you can use ZFS which effectively has journalling and
other filesystem goodness built-in.  Search the wiki at
http://wiki.freebsd.org/ for instructions.

Cheers,

Matthew

[*] At the risk of sounding like a broken record -- using one big UFS
filesystem for all of /, /usr, /var works really well, and gets rid of
this sort of updating headache for ever.  The question is moot for ZFS
- -- you'ld allocate all the disk space from the same pool, but the
devices you create are resizable, so you can divide it up as much s you
like and set different flags on different locations without penalty.

- -- 
Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil.   7 Priory Courtyard
  Flat 3
PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate
  Kent, CT11 9PW
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Re: File system

[Bruce Cran]

On Sunday 09 May 2010 04:18:12 Ansar Mohammed wrote:

> The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem (UFS)
> is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
> UFS+SoftUpdates.
> 
> At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
> databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
> single user mode and file system/data corruption.

Even with SoftUpdates and journaling you'll find UFS doesn't cope well with 
unclean shutdowns: to test it, a couple of weeks ago I started a "rm -rf 
/usr/obj/*" and pressed the reset button - upon startup I got dumped into 
single-user mode with a softupdates inconsistency. I've not tried the same 
test but I think ZFS is much better at recovering from this sort of problem 
since it was designed from the start to be very resilient.

-- 
Bruce Cran
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Re: File system

[Ansar Mohammed]

Thank you Bruce and Matthew,
for your very informed and insightful comments.
 I read online that this may be fixed in FreeBSD 9 with jeff's UFS
Journaling patch. Have you guys tried this yet?
http://jeffr-tech.livejournal.com/

On Sun, May 9, 2010 at 5:46 AM, Bruce Cran  wrote:

> On Sunday 09 May 2010 04:18:12 Ansar Mohammed wrote:
>
> > The background to this problem is because the FreeBSD root filesystem
> (UFS)
> > is not journaled and for some reason I cannot set my root partition to be
> > UFS+SoftUpdates.
> >
> > At any rate, we are in the year 2010, most modern operating systems and
> > databases and able to survive an unclean shutdown without booting into
> > single user mode and file system/data corruption.
>
> Even with SoftUpdates and journaling you'll find UFS doesn't cope well with
> unclean shutdowns: to test it, a couple of weeks ago I started a "rm -rf
> /usr/obj/*" and pressed the reset button - upon startup I got dumped into
> single-user mode with a softupdates inconsistency. I've not tried the same
> test but I think ZFS is much better at recovering from this sort of problem
> since it was designed from the start to be very resilient.
>
> --
> Bruce Cran
>
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Re: File system

[Bruce Cran]

On Sunday 09 May 2010 12:54:59 Ansar Mohammed wrote:
> Thank you Bruce and Matthew,
> for your very informed and insightful comments.
>  I read online that this may be fixed in FreeBSD 9 with jeff's UFS
> Journaling patch. Have you guys tried this yet?
> http://jeffr-tech.livejournal.com/

My test where I pressed the reset button was with SU+J: since the journaling 
is built upon SoftUpdates it does nothing to improve reliability, but simply 
exists to remove the need to run fsck on boot.

-- 
Bruce Cran
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Re: File system

[Robert Bonomi]

P
> From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org  Sat May  8 21:04:45 2010
> Date: Sat, 8 May 2010 21:36:17 -0400
> From: Ansar Mohammed 
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: File system
>
> Hello All,
> I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
> shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.
>
> When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.
>
> Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont crap
> out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?

This is a "DDT" problem -- as in "on't o hat".
The -correct- fix is to 'change your expectations' -- and change your 
behavior.  *DO* a clean shutdown _before_ repooting the VM.  solves all your 
self-induced(!!) "problems".

Unix-type operating systems are intended for use by people who -know- what
they are doing. As such, it makes little effort to protect admins from 
_their_own_ mistakes.  Unix, and by derivation FreeBSD, _will_ "*WILLINGLY*
give you enough rope to hang yourself", if you ask for it.  This is one 
of the _strengths_ of Unix -- it does *NOT* restrict you to what 'someone
else' thinks is "reasonable".  Corollary: more 'smarts' are required on the
part of the admin, _because_ you do not have the 'restricted choices' of
"someone else's" criteria.

You can either "Do things the _right_ way", as described in the 'fine manual',
which it is _necessary_ to read, or you can persist in risky/wrong/stupid
behaviors, and 'hope for' less-than-catatstrophic results from that 'bad
behavior'.  *YOUR* choice.

That said, If you intend to persist in doing things the 'wrong way', ther
are some things you can try, to ameliorate the problems you're having:

1) You can try running with all disks restricted to 'synchronous' operations;
   This =will= keep the filesystem 'clean' _almost_ all the time, and your 
   BAD IDEA(TM) arbitrary reboots will find only minimal (if any) fsck issues.
   You _will_ pay a *tremendous* price in system performance for using this
   option, however.

2) You could try using a 'journaling' filesystem, *BUT* you'd have to build/
   implement it yourself.  Journaling filesystems are deliberately _not_ 
   provided with FreeBSD, due to security issues/implications with them.
   _You_ will have to decide if the security risks in *your* envrionment are
   worth the (limited) benefits.

3) you can switch to an OS _intended_ for use by the ill-informed; where the
   provider makes all the decisions for you, and allows only what they think
   is reasonable.  BUT, such an OS isn't going to look like Unix, nor feel
   like it, nor act like it.

Again, _YOUR_ choice.

To quote from one of the Indiana Jones movies: "choose wisely."





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Re: File system

[Nikos Vassiliadis]

Ansar Mohammed wrote:

Hello All,
I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.

When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.

Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont crap
out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?


I am really surprised no one proposed geom journaling. With gjournal,
I never had to do a manual full fsck and have had plenty of unclean
shutdowns. I also occasionally do fsck the filesystem and there were
no errors ever found. It definitely adds the ease factor I am looking
for in a journaling sollution in the case of an unclean shutdown...

Nikos
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Re: File system

[Bruce Cran]

On Sunday 09 May 2010 22:51:01 Robert Bonomi wrote:

> 2) You could try using a 'journaling' filesystem, *BUT* you'd have to
> build/ implement it yourself.  Journaling filesystems are deliberately
> _not_ provided with FreeBSD, due to security issues/implications with
> them. _You_ will have to decide if the security risks in *your*
> envrionment are worth the (limited) benefits.

I've never heard of security problems with journaled filesystems - do you have 
any links to more information?

> 3) you can switch to an OS _intended_ for use by the ill-informed; where
> the provider makes all the decisions for you, and allows only what they
> think is reasonable.  BUT, such an OS isn't going to look like Unix, nor
> feel like it, nor act like it.

I think IBM would disagree with you: JFS (the Journaled File System) is 
available on AIX, which most people would consider very Unixy. I also believe 
IRIX looks very much like Unix too, despite having XFS.

-- 
Bruce Cran
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Re: File system

[Craig Whipp]

On Mon, May 10, 2010 10:53 am, Nikos Vassiliadis wrote:
> Ansar Mohammed wrote:
>> Hello All,
>> I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
>> shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.
>>
>> When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.
>>
>> Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont
>> crap
>> out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?
>
> I am really surprised no one proposed geom journaling. With gjournal,
> I never had to do a manual full fsck and have had plenty of unclean
> shutdowns. I also occasionally do fsck the filesystem and there were
> no errors ever found. It definitely adds the ease factor I am looking
> for in a journaling sollution in the case of an unclean shutdown...
>

Correct me if I'm wrong, but since this FreeBSD install is running inside
of a VM, in addition to any of the precautions suggested here to get data
written or journaled to the disk as safely as possible, isn't there still
the issue of whether the VM actuall commits these writes to the physical
disk?


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Re: File system

[Nikos Vassiliadis]

Craig Whipp wrote:

On Mon, May 10, 2010 10:53 am, Nikos Vassiliadis wrote:

Ansar Mohammed wrote:

Hello All,
I have a FreeBSD VM running. Whenever I reboot the VM without a clean
shutdown it boots into single user mode and I have to run fsck.

When I run fsck, the file system clearly has issues.

Is there any way to have FreeBSD run on a better file system that wont
crap
out on me everytime I do and unclean shutdown?

I am really surprised no one proposed geom journaling. With gjournal,
I never had to do a manual full fsck and have had plenty of unclean
shutdowns. I also occasionally do fsck the filesystem and there were
no errors ever found. It definitely adds the ease factor I am looking
for in a journaling sollution in the case of an unclean shutdown...



Correct me if I'm wrong, but since this FreeBSD install is running inside
of a VM, in addition to any of the precautions suggested here to get data
written or journaled to the disk as safely as possible, isn't there still
the issue of whether the VM actuall commits these writes to the physical
disk?


I guess the time needed for some data to be committed to stable
storage will be bigger in a VM environment. But that's always the
case, be it a VM, or a disk controller. There will be always some
data in-flight, some delay and a cache which will hold your data before
they arrive to stable storage. gjournal will replay all write attempts
(metadata and data) before the failure, so you should be relatively
sure that all writes are done correctly. I think Ansar just want to
avoid fsck and gjournal provides that. To ensure real data integrity
one should use something else, perhaps ZFS and not a journaling fs.

PS: I didn't see your message in time...

Nikos
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Re: File system

[Randi Harper]

On Sun, May 9, 2010 at 2:51 PM, Robert Bonomi  wrote:

> 2) You could try using a 'journaling' filesystem, *BUT* you'd have to build/
>   implement it yourself.  Journaling filesystems are deliberately _not_
>   provided with FreeBSD, due to security issues/implications with them.
>   _You_ will have to decide if the security risks in *your* envrionment are
>   worth the (limited) benefits.

Really? Where do you get your information? Seriously, loling so hard
right now. There's been a lot of work within FreeBSD to add journaling
to UFS2. I guess we just don't care about security anymore.

-- randi
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Re: File system

[Eitan Adler]

gjournal will replay all write attempts
> (metadata and data) before the failure, so you should be relatively
> sure that all writes are done correctly.

As I understand it journals work by writing to disk a log of all the
changes that have to be made - waits for confirmation that it wrote
the data - and then attempts to make those changes. If after the
confirmation there is a crash the log file is replayed.
Certain virtual machines will report to the OS that it wrote the data
to disk before it actually does so. In that case journaling doesn't
actually help as the log file is still not on some form of stable
storage.
--
Eitan Adler
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Re: File system

[Nikos Vassiliadis]

Eitan Adler wrote:

gjournal will replay all write attempts

(metadata and data) before the failure, so you should be relatively
sure that all writes are done correctly.


As I understand it journals work by writing to disk a log of all the
changes that have to be made - waits for confirmation that it wrote
the data - and then attempts to make those changes. If after the
confirmation there is a crash the log file is replayed.
Certain virtual machines will report to the OS that it wrote the data
to disk before it actually does so. In that case journaling doesn't
actually help as the log file is still not on some form of stable
storage.



I am not an expert on the subject, I thought the journal will replay all 
logged write attempts and since the number of all write attempts logged 
in the journal will be much bigger than the number of requests a cache 
can hold you will be sure that all writes will be done on the 
filesystem. Again, I am not an expert on the subject...


Nikos
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Re: file system

[usleepless]

Hi Hossein,

> what is the freebsd's file system
> how manage freebsd the hardware and i/o devices

here is all you need to know for the time being:

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/

regards,

usleep
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Re: file system

[Jerry McAllister]

> 
> what is the freebsd's file system

Starting I think in FreeBSD 6.xxx FreeBSD uses UFS2 file systems.

> how manage freebsd the hardware and i/o devices

That is too much to explain in a simeple Email list.   You need to
study the FreeBSD handbook which is available online at www.freebsd.org

jerry

> 
> Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com 
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umapfs file system

[Valerio daelli]

Hi all
do you think is possible to compile cleanly and to use
the umapfs file system?
I tried but I got this error:

cc -c -O -pipe -mcpu=ev67 -mieee -Wall -Wredundant-decls -Wnested-externs
-Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Winline
-Wcast-qual  -fformat-extensions -std=c99  -nostdinc -I-  -I. -I../../..
-I../../../contrib/dev/acpica -I../../../contrib/altq
-I../../../contrib/ipfilter -I../../../contrib/pf -I../../../contrib/dev/ath
-I../../../contrib/dev/ath/freebsd -I../../../contrib/ngatm -D_KERNEL
-include opt_global.h -fno-common -finline-limit=15000 --param
inline-unit-growth=100 --param large-function-growth=1000  -mno-fp-regs
-ffixed-8 -Wa,-mev6 -ffreestanding -Werror  ../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c: In function `umapfs_omount':
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:78: error: argument "ndp" doesn't match
prototype
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:56: error: prototype declaration
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:78: error: number of arguments doesn't
match prototype
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:56: error: prototype declaration
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c: In function `umapfs_root':
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:300: error: 'td' redeclared as different
kind of symbol
../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:298: error: previous definition of 'td' was
here
*** Error code 1

Do you think is still supported?
Bye

Valerio Daelli
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Clustered file system

[Rico Secada]

Hi

We are expanding at work and I am messing around with different setups.

I need a file system that will *look* like its just on one machine, 
like when mounting with NFS, but because of the large amount of data, 
I really need to expand the files to several servers.

Also I need some kind of security.

I haven't set something like this up before so all kind of friendly 
advice would be greatly appriciated. What solution is recommended?

Best regards
Rico
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File System errors

[Ross Penner]

I recently had my system freeze so I had to manually restart it. I was
worried that there would be some problems with the filesystem so I
looked into the matter and discovered the utility fsck. I ran this as
root and I got the following:

rosbot# fsck
** /dev/ar0s1a (NO WRITE)
** Last Mounted on /
** Root file system
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
1549 files, 27349 used, 226466 free (650 frags, 28227 blocks, 0.3%
fragmentation)
** /dev/ar0s1e (NO WRITE)
** Last Mounted on /tmp
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
39 files, 2445 used, 251370 free (50 frags, 31415 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
** /dev/ar0s1f (NO WRITE)
** Last Mounted on /usr
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
FREE BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN SUPERBLK
SALVAGE? no

292882 files, 98192697 used, 135895442 free (39610 frags, 16981979
blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
** /dev/ar0s1d (NO WRITE)
** Last Mounted on /var
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
UNREF FILE I=117781  OWNER=root MODE=140666
SIZE=0 MTIME=May 15 09:56 2007
CLEAR? no

UNREF FILE I=141337  OWNER=teamspeak MODE=100600
SIZE=2048 MTIME=May 15 09:56 2007
CLEAR? no

** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
FREE BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN SUPERBLK
SALVAGE? no

SUMMARY INFORMATION BAD
SALVAGE? no

18514 files, 70825 used, 905728 free (6688 frags, 112380 blocks, 0.7%
fragmentation)


It seems to my unexperienced eye that their are problems in some of
the filesystems, but they arn't being resolved. I tried running fsck
-y  and nothing changed. What am I doing wrong? How can I resolve
these issues? Thanks for any help you can offer.
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file system full

[Rodrigo Mufalani]

Hi all,

  My "/var" is fully 99%, because I create one tar.gz of the squid logs.

  I was move for smbfs, then network die!!!

  I try:
  
  rm -rf file.tar.gz 
  
  and don't have more free space oon the file system.

   
  Somebody help me?
 
Att,

Rodrigo Mufalani






This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.
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Newbie File system

[Maan Jee]

Hi

Can someone explane that at which filesystem is my "/home" directory
located?


Filesystem  1K-blocksUsedAvail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a50763055002   412018  12%/
devfs   1   1   0 100%/dev
/dev/ad0s1e507630  12   467008   0%/tmp
/dev/ad0s1f  34336100 1564298 30024914 5%/usr
/dev/ad0s1d   150619024892  1360804  2%/var

thanks/mj
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Cluster File System

[Christopher Martin]

Is there, or are there any plans for, a cluster file system for FreeBSD?
Does anyone know of an open-source one that could be ported?

Would be great to have two servers dishing out MySQL, ftp, etc from a single
chunk of RAID rather than having to muck about replicating between the two
boxen.

C Martin
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File system full

[Office of CEO- rithy4u.NET]

Dear All,

My firewall server was running out of space on / partition I have try to 
reboot/fsck and delete all unneccessary files inside / but I still get 
12 MB of free space with total 495 MB worth of that partition. Any ideas?


Rgds,

--
*Rithy Ray, RCSA*
Chief Executive Officer
Web: www.rithy4u.net 
Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
Phone: (855) 12 403 001

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File system full

[Robert Huff]

Office of CEO- rithy4u.NET writes:

>  My firewall server was running out of space on / partition I have
>  try to reboot/fsck and delete all unneccessary files inside / but
>  I still get 12 MB of free space with total 495 MB worth of that
>  partition. Any ideas?

du -x / | sort -nr | head -n 50 | more

Longer version: you should know what lives on directly under /
and roughly how much space it takes.  If some directory which used
to take 27.4 mb suddenly has 311 mb 


Robert Huff
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Large File System?

[Atom Powers]

Somebody please tell me it is possible to create a file system larger
than 1.2TB.

--
--
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--Atom Powers--
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Expanding file system

[Jeffery Swan]

I am currently running FreeNAS on FreeBSD as a NAS device and it works
great. Initially, I had a Highpoint RocketRAID card installed with 3 -
500 Gig drives attached configured in hardware as RAID 5. This gave me
about 905 Gig usefull storage.

The RAID card allows for adding hard drives via Online RAID Level
Migration (ORLM) and this is waht I did. I added another 500 Gig drive
and performed the ORLM. Everything worked great. No data was lost and I
now have about 1.5 TB of storage but.

The problem is, df only reports back the original 905 Gig. It seems that
the RAID controller did migrate my data but left the additional space
"raw". What I need to know how to do now is extend my original partition
(slice) to include the newly added space without loosing data.

The array was originally formatted UFS in one partition (slice). I
believe that using a combination of FDISK and FSGROW I should be able to
do this but I am really afraid of losing my data (and I don't have a way
to back up that much data). My experience is mainly in Linux and I know
this is much different. I believe that I could probably boot up knoppix
from CD and use gparted, but that would involve removing the NAS box from
the rack and installing a CD drive and that's a real pain in the butt.

I have no GUI, so everything has to be command line. Any help would be
greatly appreciated.

If for some reason I have sent this request to the wrong mail list I
apologize and would request the correct list.

Regards,
Jeff Swan

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UFS2 File System Recovery

[Thomas Foster]

I have done quite a bit of searching on the subject and seem to be coming back 
to the same conclusion.

I recently accidentally removed a symlink recursively in a sleep deprived 
stupor and lost an entire directory of personal music projects.  Being that I 
had not performed backups for that day, the files inquestion were not written 
to the taped drive yet, and I was curious.. since the ffsrecov port has been 
broken for some time.. what my options are of trying to recover these files.

I immediately unmounted the disk in question and now am in the process of 
trying to find the solution.

Any suggestions are appreciated.. thank you
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SCO file system mounting

[Aftab Jahan Subedar]

Hello to all.
Would 'mount' mount the SCO file system ? Does any body know ?
I presume the SCO system as partition type 2 or partition type 3 or 
partition type 0x63.

Thank you.
-Jahan
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Re: File system full?

[Chris]

On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:00 pm, Eric F Crist wrote:
> How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and I've
> deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.
>
> Here's my df -h readout:
>
> $ df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass


If you have source installed, that takes up a bit. If you don't see yourself 
doing a makeworld and building kernel - a binary install would have done 
nicely.


-- 
Best regards,
Chris

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Re: File system full?

[Gautam Gopalakrishnan]

On Thu, Jan 01, 2004 at 06:00:23PM -0600, Eric F Crist wrote:
> How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and I've 
> deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.
> 
> Here's my df -h readout:
> 
> $ df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass

I don't think you need such big / and /var partitions...
And you could merge /home and /usr and make home dirs on /usr/home

Gautam

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Re: File system full?

[Eric F Crist]

On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:04 pm, Chris wrote:
> If you have source installed, that takes up a bit. If you don't see
> yourself doing a makeworld and building kernel - a binary install would
> have done nicely.

I do have source installed, and I do a bi-weekly source update automatically 
when my laptop is home.  I like having the sources there.  Any other 
suggestions on which directories I can squash?

-- 
Eric F Crist
AdTech Integrated Systems, Inc
(612) 998-3588
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Re: File system full?

[Eric F Crist]

On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:15 pm, Eric F Crist wrote:
> On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:04 pm, Chris wrote:
> > If you have source installed, that takes up a bit. If you don't see
> > yourself doing a makeworld and building kernel - a binary install would
> > have done nicely.
>
> I do have source installed, and I do a bi-weekly source update
> automatically when my laptop is home.  I like having the sources there. 
> Any other suggestions on which directories I can squash?

Never mind.  I seem to have forgotten you can do a make clean from the 
/usr/ports and you're fine!

Sorry for the unnecessary traffic.
-- 
Eric F Crist
AdTech Integrated Systems, Inc
(612) 998-3588
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Re: File system full?

[Tillman Hodgson]

On Thu, Jan 01, 2004 at 06:23:15PM -0600, Eric F Crist wrote:
> On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:15 pm, Eric F Crist wrote:
> > On Thursday 01 January 2004 06:04 pm, Chris wrote:
> > > If you have source installed, that takes up a bit. If you don't see
> > > yourself doing a makeworld and building kernel - a binary install would
> > > have done nicely.
> >
> > I do have source installed, and I do a bi-weekly source update
> > automatically when my laptop is home.  I like having the sources there. 
> > Any other suggestions on which directories I can squash?
> 
> Never mind.  I seem to have forgotten you can do a make clean from the 
> /usr/ports and you're fine!

Try `make -DNOCLEANDEPENDS clean` instead, it'll run much quicker.

-T


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Re: File system full?

[Robert Huff]

Chris writes:

>  > Here's my df -h readout:
>  >
>  > $ df -h
>  > FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
>  > /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
>  
>  If you have source installed, that takes up a bit. If you don't
>  see yourself doing a makeworld and building kernel - a binary
>  install would have done nicely.

The source for 5.2-RC runs about 375 Mb.
Try this:

cd /usr
du | sort -nr

and see if any directories are suspiciously large.  (This is
sufficiently useful I have it as a cron job that drops it in my
morning mail.)
Also check for core dumps:

find /usr -name "*.core"


Robert Huff








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Re: File system full?

[Scott W]

Gautam Gopalakrishnan wrote:

On Thu, Jan 01, 2004 at 06:00:23PM -0600, Eric F Crist wrote:
 

How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and I've 
deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.

Here's my df -h readout:

$ df -h
FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
/dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
/dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
/dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
/dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
/dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
/dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
   

I don't think you need such big / and /var partitions...
And you could merge /home and /usr and make home dirs on /usr/home
Gautam

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Advice- leave /var and / the size they are, they're fine if the box 
stays up as a server and runs any public services- apache logs and even 
messages log files can fill up /var relatively quickly, and if you add a 
database or any other service that can potentially log verbosely if it 
encounters any problems (or if you enable debug logging), /var can grow 
quickly.

If you routinely delete rotated log files, and grow /usr to be 'big 
enough' (meaning don't merge it into / ), you can probably get away with 
half of what you're using for / and /var, but I wouldn't go smaller.

You can migrate /home if need be as suggested into /usr/home and update 
your home dirs in /etc/passwd, or you can also move the entire ports 
tree into your /home partition via symlink, which may sound funny but it 
a bit more 'traditional' on other *nixes- keeping generally static 
programs only in the /usr partition, and normally growing/changing 
contents in seperate disks (/var, /home).  The ports collection and size 
is changing by nature, and sometimes significantly (building X, KDE, 
OpenOffice, Mozilla and others from source).

You can do the following if you'd like:
mkdir /home/ports
cd /usr/ports
tar cpf - . | (cd /home/ports ; tar xvf - )
to copy the ports tree over to it's new 'home' (bad pun), then:

diff -R /usr/ports /home/ports
for your sanity, but unnescessary unless someone is doing a cvsup or 
build while you're copying files..

Then go ahead and blow away the original ports tree:
rm -fr /usr/ports
and symlink to it's new home

ln -s /home/ports /usr/ports

My ports tree is currently taking up ~715M: (Ignore the df output, 
home/mail/ports are currently on a single RAID volume via NFS), with the 
/usr filesystem at 2.8G with a fair number of packages installed, but no 
KDE, GNOME, etc, so it can grow by a fair amount yet...

[0] # du -hs /usr/ports
717M/usr/ports
[EMAIL PROTECTED] /var/log/
[0] # df -h
Filesystem Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ipsd0s1a  1.4G   157M   1.1G12%/
devfs  1.0K   1.0K 0B   100%/dev
/dev/ipsd0s1e  965M22K   888M 0%/tmp
/dev/ipsd0s2d  4.0G   2.8G   900M76%/usr
/dev/ipsd0s1d  965M31M   857M 4%/var
procfs 4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
sol:/export/home   182G63G   117G35%/usr/home
sol:/export/mail   182G63G   117G35%/var/spool/mail
sol:/export/ports  182G63G   117G35%/usr/ports
Scott

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Re: File system full?

[Brian Astill]

On Fri, 2 Jan 2004 10:30 am, Eric F Crist wrote:
> How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and
> I've deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.
>
> Here's my df -h readout:
>
> $ df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
> $

My /home is a link to /usr/home.  Isn't yours?
If it IS (notwithstanding your creation of a /home partition), that 
would explain why you have only 69M in /home but 3.9G in /usr.

The two partitions appear to be adjacent.  If they are, Partition Magic 
(or similar) could merge those two partitions non-destructively, and 
your problem would be solved.

BTW, on my system, I have separate partitions for /usr/local and /usr.  
That seems to even the disk space usage quite well.

/dev/ad2s1a   394M   249M   113M69%/
/dev/ad2s1f   6.9G   2.7G   3.6G43%/usr
/dev/ad2s1e   246M   191M35M84%/var
/dev/ad2s1g   6.9G   4.8G   1.5G76%/usr/local

HTH


-- 
Regards,
Brian
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Re: File system full?

[Malcolm Kay]

On Fri, 2 Jan 2004 15:44, Brian Astill wrote:
> On Fri, 2 Jan 2004 10:30 am, Eric F Crist wrote:
> > How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and
> > I've deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.
> >
> > Here's my df -h readout:
> >
> > $ df -h
> > FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> > /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> > /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> > /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> > /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> > /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> > /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> > procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> > /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
> > $
>
> My /home is a link to /usr/home.  Isn't yours?
> If it IS (notwithstanding your creation of a /home partition), that
> would explain why you have only 69M in /home but 3.9G in /usr.

One of the suggested setups is to provide home with its own partition.
And even though you don't use it it is not so uncommon.

>
> The two partitions appear to be adjacent.  If they are, Partition Magic
> (or similar) could merge those two partitions non-destructively, and
> your problem would be solved.

This sounds like a disaster --- partition magic works with MS
partitions or in FBSD terms slices -- to the best I my knowledge it does
not know about BSD style partitions.

I'd also be very surprised if it is able to merge BSD file systems 
non-destructively.

Malcolm Kay
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Re: File system full?

[Scott W]

Malcolm Kay wrote:

On Fri, 2 Jan 2004 15:44, Brian Astill wrote:
 

On Fri, 2 Jan 2004 10:30 am, Eric F Crist wrote:
   

How big is necessary for a /usr partition?  Mine keeps filling up and
I've deleted /usr/obj and /usr/ports/distfiles regularly.
Here's my df -h readout:

$ df -h
FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
/dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
/dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
/dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
/dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
/dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
/dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
$
 

My /home is a link to /usr/home.  Isn't yours?
If it IS (notwithstanding your creation of a /home partition), that
would explain why you have only 69M in /home but 3.9G in /usr.
   

One of the suggested setups is to provide home with its own partition.
And even though you don't use it it is not so uncommon.
 

The two partitions appear to be adjacent.  If they are, Partition Magic
(or similar) could merge those two partitions non-destructively, and
your problem would be solved.
   

This sounds like a disaster --- partition magic works with MS
partitions or in FBSD terms slices -- to the best I my knowledge it does
not know about BSD style partitions.
I'd also be very surprised if it is able to merge BSD file systems 
non-destructively.

I'm almost positive it doesn't.  Partition Magic also needs to 
understand the underlying filesystem, not just the partition table, as 
almost any operation aside from expanding a single partition on a disk 
with only one partition plus unused space would result in actually 
moving data around..   PM 8.0 (should be the latest I believe) can't 
touch Linux ReiserFS, so I'd be highly surprised if it understood UFS2.

Scott

Malcolm Kay
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Re: File system full?

[Eric F Crist]

On Thursday 01 January 2004 11:46 pm, Malcolm Kay wrote:
> > > $ df -h
> > > FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> > > /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> > > /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> > > /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> > > /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> > > /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> > > /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> > > procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> > > /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass

> One of the suggested setups is to provide home with its own partition.
> And even though you don't use it it is not so uncommon.

As you can see above, /home is on it's very own partition.

>
> > The two partitions appear to be adjacent.  If they are, Partition Magic
> > (or similar) could merge those two partitions non-destructively, and
> > your problem would be solved.
>
> This sounds like a disaster --- partition magic works with MS
> partitions or in FBSD terms slices -- to the best I my knowledge it does
> not know about BSD style partitions.

Partition Magic can recognize a type 165 (freebsd) partition, but it does not 
support merging/resizing of these.  It does support the linux partition 
scheme, however.


-- 
Eric F Crist
AdTech Integrated Systems, Inc
(612) 998-3588
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Re: File system full?

[Eric F Crist]

On Thursday 01 January 2004 10:15 pm, Scott W wrote:
> >>Here's my df -h readout:
> >>
> >>$ df -h
> >>FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> >>/dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> >>/dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> >>/dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> >>/dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> >>/dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> >>/dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> >>procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> >>/dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
> Advice- leave /var and / the size they are, they're fine if the box
> stays up as a server and runs any public services- apache logs and even
> messages log files can fill up /var relatively quickly, and if you add a
> database or any other service that can potentially log verbosely if it
> encounters any problems (or if you enable debug logging), /var can grow
> quickly.

I'm probably going to leave everything as it is.  I ran a make clean from the 
/usr/ports directory, did nothing else, and this is now my df -h readout:

$ df -h
FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
/dev/ad0s3g   4.8G70M   4.3G 2%/home
/dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   2.2G   1.4G61%/usr
/dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
/dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
/dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
$

As you can see, there is a massive decrease in parition use after that 
completed.  What I didn't think about was that I compiled all the following 
'hog' sources, kde, apsfilter, and x.

Thanks for the help/advice!
-- 
Eric F Crist
AdTech Integrated Systems, Inc
(612) 998-3588
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Re: File system full?

[Malcolm Kay]

On Sat, 3 Jan 2004 03:47, Eric F Crist wrote:
> On Thursday 01 January 2004 11:46 pm, Malcolm Kay wrote:
[snip]
[not Malcolm Kay]
> > > > $ df -h
> > > > FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> > > > /dev/ad0s3a  1008M92M   835M10%/
> > > > /dev/ad0s2   1020M19M  1001M 2%/dos
> > > > /dev/ad0s3g   4.8G69M   4.3G 2%/home
> > > > /dev/ad0s3e   3.9G   3.9G -260.5M   107%/usr
> > > > /dev/ad0s3f  1008M27M   900M 3%/var
> > > > /dev/ad0s1 24G22G   2.9G88%/nt
> > > > procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> > > > /dev/da0s1 61M61M   632K99%/umass
[snip]
[not Malcolm Kay]
> > > The two partitions appear to be adjacent.  If they are, Partition Magic
> > > (or similar) could merge those two partitions non-destructively, and
> > > your problem would be solved.
> >
[The next is Malcolm Kay]
> > This sounds like a disaster --- partition magic works with MS
> > partitions or in FBSD terms slices -- to the best I my knowledge it does
> > not know about BSD style partitions.
>
[The next is Eric F Crist]
> Partition Magic can recognize a type 165 (freebsd) partition, but it does
> not support merging/resizing of these.  It does support the linux partition
> scheme, however.

Please read my words carefully:
Yes, Partition Magic recognises partitions in the MS partitioning scheme,
known as slices in FreeBSD, including those labeled as BSD (type 165).
These have device names (under FBSD) of the form ad0s1, ad0s2, ads0s3 etc.

However, I do not believe it knows anything of BSD partitions which 
subdivide such a slice. These have device name of the form ad0s3a, ad0s3b,
ad0s3e etc.

Native Linux uses only slices (MS style partitioning). It knows something of 
BSD partitioning in order to mount (foreign) BSD file systems.

Malcolm Kay
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Re: File System Descriptions

[Joshua Lokken]

On Fri, 10 Dec 2004 18:48:37 +0300, Odhiambo Washington
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Dear people,
> 
> Does anyone know of a place where they describe the differences between
> the commonly known filesystem types - UFS, UFS2, NTFS, EXT2, EXT3,
> REISERFS, FAT32 (spit!) .. well, mostly the ones related to Unix I hope.
> I would like to know why one type is preferred over the others, or
> something like that.

http://www.parkautomat.net/fs-comp.html
http://www.allunix.org/_Filesystems_-_again-9309072-5726-a.html

Those look like they may contain some or most of the
filesystems you're inquiring about.   HTH,

-- 
Joshua Lokken
Open Source Advocate
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File System mounting prob

[Emon]

Hello everyone

I am newbie using FreeBDS 5.3, & would apprecate some advice on
the folling problems

First

Is there any way to mount a filesystem, as a generel user? so
that everytime I put a cd in the CD player I dont have to su to
root just to mount it!

Second

I can't find kppp(the dial up connecter that used to come with
KDE) anymore!?? If KDE is not providing it any more, then is
there any other (GUI) substitute for it?

Thanks
Jadukor
-
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Max file system size

[hal]

What is the maximum file system size for FreeBSD?

I have looked at the manual, man pages, and google.
No luck?!
Would some kind soul either tell me what the maximum
file system size is or where I can look to find it
myself.
hal

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file system activity question

[Jeronimo Romero]

quick question:

is there a way to monitor filesystem writes the way tcp/dump monitors tcp/ip 
activity on the network??? I know this is sort of a strange question. but i 
was just curious. I'm not in this list so please cc: me.

thanks. 
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Read-Only file system

[steveb99]

I appear to have hosed myself and having trouble finding out what I do 
and how to fix it.  It appears that many of my file-systems are now 
saying they are read-only and I can't do anything with them, even when I 
login as root. 
I'm still learning so not a production mess. Can someone point to me how 
a file system can become Read-Only, the file permissions are fine.
Also can this be repaired if so what should I be reading to learn to do 
that.

TIA,
Steve B.
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Re: file system type

[cpghost]

On Sat, Mar 19, 2005 at 09:27:57AM -0500, Robert Munn wrote:
> Is there any way of detecting the type of file system on a disk,  
> specifically UFS2 or UFS1?

If all you need to know is wether a UFS file system is UFS1 or UFS2,
you could use /sbin/dumpfs

-cpghost.

-- 
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Re: file system type

[Kevin Kinsey]

Robert Munn wrote:
Is there any way of detecting the type of file system on a disk,  
specifically UFS2 or UFS1?
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You mean as an operator, or as a programmer?
Obviously, as an operator, mount(8) gives you this information
after a brief visual parsing.
I'm not a C programmer, but a quick lookup with apropos(1)
yields the following:
getvfsbyname(3)  - get information about a file system
HTH,
Kevin Kinsey
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/root file system full

[Ron Joordens]

Good Morning,

I have recently installed FreeBSD 4.9  and have thoroughly enjoyed my first
foray into the BSD world. Indeed my first foray into any non-windows OS. So
far I have encountered quite a few problems but have always managed to find
an answer in the handbook or by searching through the extensive resources
available on the net. Great documentaion! This is the first time I have
needed to ask a question.

My / filesystem is full. 109%. I want to know what is on the / filesystem,
what I can get rid of, how to get rid of it and how to make sure that it
doesn't happen again.

Any thoughts?

For background information: 

The / filesystem is the suggested default of 128mb. The handbook says that
root is generally about 40mb of data and that 100mb should be enough to
allow for future expansion needs, so 128mb should be adequate.

During installation I installed everything, sources, ports, documentation,
etc.

I have CVSuped source to RELENG_4_9.

I have CVSuped ports.

I have recompiled the kernel 3 or 4 times.

I have redirected the /tmp directory to /usr/tmp  (these locations are from
memory but you get the idea)

I got a bit carried away installing ports during installation (a kid in a
candy store?) and currently have about 206 installed.

I have been updating ports recently using portupgrade with the recursive
switches -rR. 

At the time the first filesystem full error message was seen I was
portupgrading arts -Rr which was upgrading a lot of other ports as well.
That process stopped with an error message stating that a conflict between
xfmail and qt existed and that qt could not be upgraded untill xfmail was
deinstalled so there may be a lot of working data still on the system. Would
that be on root?

Thanks for your help,

Ron Joordens
Melbourne, Australia




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Re: File system error

[Don]

> # df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/da0s1a   288M72M   193M27%/
> /dev/da0s1f15G13G   535M96%/usr
> /dev/da0s1e   288M97M   168M37%/var
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> # du -h /usr
> ...
> 6.4G/usr
> I have deleted some files but it does not restore the used disk.
> Does anybody have an idea?
Type "sync"

-Don
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Re: File system error

[Jerry McAllister]

> 
> Hi,
>  
> I got a little problem with /usr partition
>  
> # df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/da0s1a   288M72M   193M27%/
> /dev/da0s1f15G13G   535M96%/usr
> /dev/da0s1e   288M97M   168M37%/var
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> # du -h /usr
> ...
> 6.4G/usr
> I have deleted some files but it does not restore the used disk.
> Does anybody have an idea?

Well, if those files are open by some process somewhere or if there
are hard links to them, the disk space won't be released until
those conditions are altered.   So, that could be one reason.

jerry

>  
> Thanks.
> 
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Re: File system error

[Richard Stevenson]

On Wed, 31 Mar 2004, Don wrote:

> > # df -h
> > FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> > /dev/da0s1f15G13G   535M96%/usr
> > # du -h /usr
> > ...
> > 6.4G/usr
> > I have deleted some files but it does not restore the used disk.
> > Does anybody have an idea?
> Type "sync"

And see if you can find out (lsof might help) if there were/are any
processes using the files you deleted - the file system can't release the
space until the file handles have been closed (or so I've found in the
past).

Cheers

Richard

-- 
Richard Stevenson

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Re: File system error

[Daniel O'Connor]

On Thu, 1 Apr 2004 09:15, water B wrote:
> I got a little problem with /usr partition
>
> # df -h
> FilesystemSize   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/da0s1a   288M72M   193M27%/
> /dev/da0s1f15G13G   535M96%/usr
> /dev/da0s1e   288M97M   168M37%/var
> procfs4.0K   4.0K 0B   100%/proc
> # du -h /usr
> ...
> 6.4G/usr
> I have deleted some files but it does not restore the used disk.
> Does anybody have an idea?

It can take a while (well <1 minute) to recover the used space on deletion.

Also another possibility is that a process has an open file descriptor on the 
data you deleted.

PS you spelt freebsd-questions@ wrong.

Also, I've dropped -stable as this is probably a -questions thing first and 
foremost.

-- 
Daniel O'Connor software and network engineer
for Genesis Software - http://www.gsoft.com.au
"The nice thing about standards is that there
are so many of them to choose from."
  -- Andrew Tanenbaum
GPG Fingerprint - 9A8C 569F 685A D928 5140  AE4B 319B 41F4 5D17 FDD5
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FreeBSD File System Comparison

[David Lloyd]

Is there any comparison that is easy for a non-kernel (Linux/Kernel)
hacker to understand between other file systems? I've discovered that:

* it's derived from something called the "Fast File System"
* that I need to add a -o ufstype=44bsd when mounting it under linux
* that it's not a journaling filesystem


..?


DSL
-- 
You'll be lost, so sorry when I'm gone!
  (Jesus Christ, in Lloyd Webber's
   Superstar)

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Re: file system trouble

[Daxbert]

> The /home filesystem was full (121G partition on a 3ware escalade raid)
> So i deleted 7G, but df did not show any difference. The fs is mounted w/
> soft-updates. I issued a sync command, but still no change. The files were no
> longer shown in ls, but space was not freed. So i decided to reboot, to make
> sure that the deleted files are not still opened by some process.
> The shutdown went normal, but at the end it said:
> sysncing disks..
> 3321 3321 3321 3316 .
> giving up on 1 buffers.
> When rebooting, all fs were unclean and i had to wait the usual 20 minutes for
> fsck to complete.

I've seen the same 'df' situation when softupdates are enabled, but I've never tried 
to resolve the problem with a reboot.  I just
ignore the 'df' output, and proceed normally.  After some time passes, 'df' returns to 
reporting the expected values.  I've always
thought this was normal with softupdates.  However, I've not had your problem with the 
fsck, but then again...  I've not rebooted
soon after deleting 7GB of data from a file system.

What are you running?  4.6.2, 4.7, -current?


--daxbert


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Re: file system trouble

[Heinrich Rebehn]

Daxbert wrote:

The /home filesystem was full (121G partition on a 3ware escalade raid)
So i deleted 7G, but df did not show any difference. The fs is mounted w/
soft-updates. I issued a sync command, but still no change. The files were no
longer shown in ls, but space was not freed. So i decided to reboot, to make
sure that the deleted files are not still opened by some process.
The shutdown went normal, but at the end it said:
sysncing disks..
3321 3321 3321 3316 .
giving up on 1 buffers.
When rebooting, all fs were unclean and i had to wait the usual 20 minutes for
fsck to complete.



I've seen the same 'df' situation when softupdates are enabled, but I've never tried to resolve the problem with a reboot.  I just
ignore the 'df' output, and proceed normally.  After some time passes, 'df' returns to reporting the expected values.  I've always
thought this was normal with softupdates.  However, I've not had your problem with the fsck, but then again...  I've not rebooted
soon after deleting 7GB of data from a file system.

What are you running?  4.6.2, 4.7, -current?



I use 4.6.2-RELEASE (wrote it in my first post :-)
The problem was not only the 'df' output, but that i actually i could not create 
any files! (disk full)

My main question is: Why did the sysnc on shutdown not succeed, leaving all my 
fs dirty?

Heinrich


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Re: file system trouble

[Chuck Swiger]

Heinrich Rebehn wrote:
[ ... ]

The /home filesystem was full (121G partition on a 3ware escalade raid)
So i deleted 7G, but df did not show any difference. The fs is mounted 
w/ soft-updates. I issued a sync command, but still no change. The files 
were no longer shown in ls, but space was not freed.

Was some process holding those files open?  The space doesn't get freed 
until that process terminates.

So i decided to reboot, to make sure that the deleted files are not 
still opened by some process. The shutdown went normal, but at the
end it said:

syncing disks..

3321 3321 3321 3316 .

I dont't know the exact numbers anymore, but it printed some 40x80 lines 
of 4 digit numbers, the last line was all 1s and then said:

When you rebooted, your system had ~3300 buffers of data that had not 
yet been written to disk.  It was able to write almost all of them out 
to disk, but it failed with one:

giving up on 1 buffers.

When rebooting, all fs were unclean and i had to wait the usual 20 
minutes for fsck to complete.

Yes.  FreeBSD probably should have marked the other filesystems (except 
for the one with the open buffer) as clean.  But fsck'ing after a 
moderately serious problem-- even if you may not have really needed to-- 
is a fail-safe approach.

-Chuck


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swap / file system encryption

[sweetleaf]

Is it possible to encrypt the swap in freebsd? I am new to freebsd, 
having used openbsd for sometime and was just wondering if this feature 
is available in freebsd. I would also like to know if freebsd supports 
encrypted file systems?

Thanks and have a wonderful night.


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Re: versioning file system

[Kenneth Culver]

> years ago I used a VAX VMS system that automatically saved file versions
> whenever a file name was clobbered.
>
> I've seen wrapper scripts for vi to accomplish the same but it would be
> nice if someone had actually implemented something at the file system
> level to do this.  Anyone know of anything like that for FreeBSD?

Nope, not that I know of... I'm not sure you'll find a lot of people who
like this unless they were accustomed to VMS back however long ago.

Ken
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Re: versioning file system

[Adam Maas]

- Original Message -
From: "Kenneth Culver" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: "David Bear" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Monday, June 23, 2003 5:23 PM
Subject: Re: versioning file system


> > years ago I used a VAX VMS system that automatically saved file versions
> > whenever a file name was clobbered.
> >
> > I've seen wrapper scripts for vi to accomplish the same but it would be
> > nice if someone had actually implemented something at the file system
> > level to do this.  Anyone know of anything like that for FreeBSD?
>
> Nope, not that I know of... I'm not sure you'll find a lot of people who
> like this unless they were accustomed to VMS back however long ago.
>
> Ken

It's something Hans Reiser has on his wishlist for ReiserFS, but it's way
off, and I think ReiserFS is the only project contemplating it.

Would recomend you look at RCS in the meantime.

Adam

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Re: versioning file system

[Lowell Gilbert]

David Bear <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> years ago I used a VAX VMS system that automatically saved file
> versions whenever a file name was clobbered.  

Among the many clever features of VMS.

> I've seen wrapper scripts for vi to accomplish the same but it would
> be nice if someone had actually implemented something at the file
> system level to do this.  Anyone know of anything like that for
> FreeBSD?

No.  Full support of this feature would involve a lot more than just
the filesystem, since applications that look at directories directly
have to know about about the backup versions in order to use them.

Individual applications can do a "poor man's" version of this (e.g.,
the Gnu 'ls' support for emacs-style backup filenames), but again it's
limited by (or to) the applications that know about it.
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Re: File system limits

[Erik Trulsson]

On Fri, Feb 28, 2003 at 12:11:14AM +, How Can ThisBe wrote:
> I'm working on a little experimental script and I'm wondering if there
> is any kind of limit as to how many files or subdirectories a directory
> can have.

Yes, there is a limit on how many subdirectories a directory can have.
This is because there is a limit on how many hardlinks there can be to
a given file/directory and each directory has a link ("..") to its
parent.  The count for how many hardlinks there are to a given inode is
kept as a signed 16-bit integer which means that you can have a bit
over 32000 subdirectories in a given directory.
(Each of those can of course have some 32000 subdirectories and so on.)

There is no limit on how many files you can have in a directory, but if
you have too many entries in a directory it can be slow to
open/list/create files there.
This is because a directory is essentially just a file containing a
list of all files/subdirectories in it and to find a particular file a
linear search is needed.

This means that it can sometimes be faster to have a few extra levels
of subdirectories rather than just a few levels with a lot of files at
each level.

As for how many is too many, I am not sure but I think you might start
to see a slowdown after a couple of thousand entries.

(The UFS_DIRHASH kernel option reduces the impact of large number of
directory entries, at least after the first access, so then you should
be able to have several thousand entries without any noticable
slowdown.)

> 
> I'm in the planing stages at the moment and I'm think that I may have
> upto 4096 directories in a single directory, each of these 4096
> directories could have upto 4096 sub directories...

That should not be a problem.  Depending on how you access these
directories you *might* see some of the slowdown for large directories
that I mentioned above, so it might be a good idea to reduce these
numbers somewhat (to 2048 or 1024 maybe), but functionally it won't be
a problem. (And if you use the UFS_DIRHASH option, which I believe is
used by default in the GENERIC kernel, there should not be any
noticable slowdown either.)

(It won't be a problem for the computer anyway, but for a human trying to
look through directories it quickly becomes unwieldy once the number of
entries in a directory start exceeding a couple of hundred.) 

> 
> The other option I have (if this is too many) is to have 256
> subdirectories (I'm guessing this on will not be a problem)



-- 

Erik Trulsson
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

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Re: File system limits

[Daxbert]

Quoting Erik Trulsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:

> On Fri, Feb 28, 2003 at 12:11:14AM +, How Can ThisBe wrote:
> > I'm working on a little experimental script and I'm wondering if there
> > is any kind of limit as to how many files or subdirectories a directory
> > can have.
> 
> Yes, there is a limit on how many subdirectories a directory can have.
> This is because there is a limit on how many hardlinks there can be to
> > 
> > I'm in the planing stages at the moment and I'm think that I may have
> > upto 4096 directories in a single directory, each of these 4096
> > directories could have upto 4096 sub directories...
> 
> That should not be a problem.  Depending on how you access these
> directories you *might* see some of the slowdown for large directories

FWIW-

At some point you might want to ask... should this be a filesystem? or a database?

If you're looking to stress test a FS that's one thing, but handling tens of
thousands of little bits of data is sometimes managed better with a simple
database.  

I've seen instances where a recursive script went *nuts* and created a directory
structure so deep it couldn't be removed with a simple rm -rf.  

--daxbert



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Re: File system limits

[taxman]

On Thursday 27 February 2003 07:39 pm, Erik Trulsson wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 28, 2003 at 12:11:14AM +, How Can ThisBe wrote:
> > I'm working on a little experimental script and I'm wondering if there
> > is any kind of limit as to how many files or subdirectories a directory
> > can have.

Well of course there is the simple limit of how many inodes your filessytem 
has.  You can only change that when you create the filesystem with newfs.
the newfs and fs man pages seem like the best explanation I can find atm for 
you to explain that.

Tim

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file system on 9.0

[ajtiM]

Hi!

One more question before I start installing FreeBSD 9.0 RC-2.
Now we have a new bsdinstall and as I red and if I understood correct there is 
also SU journaling file sistem. I will switch to the GPT partion. If I want to 
have SU-j file system is it enough that I just choose this option and voila?
And another question is about ports. There is an option "ports tree" which is 
marked default. It is okay that I use this later with portsnap?

Thanks in advance.

Mitja

http://jpgmag.com/people/lumiwa
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Re: ext3 file system

[Warren Block]

On Sun, 20 Jan 2013, Ralf Mardorf wrote:


is it possible to mount Linux ext3 file systems with fstab by label?
Before I run mount -a /mnt/dump had the same permissions, owner and group as 
/mnt/archlinux has got. Is it possible to keep this? Both are Linux ext3 fs. 
Mounting without a label does work.


root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # cat /etc/fstab
# DeviceMountpoint  FStype  Options Dump Pass
/dev/ad4s1b noneswapsw  0   0
/dev/ad4s1a /   ufs rw  1   1
/dev/ad4s1e /tmpufs rw  2   2
/dev/ad4s1f /usrufs rw  2   2
/dev/ad4s1d /varufs rw  2   2
/dev/acd0   /cdrom  cd9660  ro,noauto   0   0
#proc   /proc   procfs  rw  0   0
/dev/ada0s8 /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
#/dev/label/dump /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
#/dev/label/archlinux/mnt/archlinux  ext2fs  rw  0   0

root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l /mnt
total 6
drwxr-xr-x  2 rocketmouse  wheel   512 Jan 20 20:51 archlinux
drwxrwxrwx  2 root wheel  4096 Jan 20 20:09 dump
root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l / | grep mnt
drwxr-xr-x4 root  wheel  512 Jan 20 20:51 mnt

I still search the Internet, but had bad luck until now.

If I run 'gpart show -l' I can't see what /dev archlinux is, it doesn't show 
Linux labels, so I need to restart and boot Linux to see at what position it 
is, to figure out what /dev/ada*s* archlinux is.


'gpart show -l' shows GPT labels, but that only works on a GPT disk. 
This disk is clearly MBR.  If ext3 filesystem labels show up, they would 
be under /dev/ext2fs.  See glabel(8).

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Re: ext3 file system

[Carl Johnson]

"Ralf Mardorf"  writes:

> Hi :)
>
> is it possible to mount Linux ext3 file systems with fstab by label?
> Before I run mount -a /mnt/dump had the same permissions, owner and
> group as /mnt/archlinux has got. Is it possible to keep this? Both are
> Linux  ext3 fs. Mounting without a label does work.
>
> root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # cat /etc/fstab
> # Device  Mountpoint  FStype  Options Dump Pass
> /dev/ad4s1b   noneswapsw  0   0
> /dev/ad4s1a   /   ufs rw  1   1
> /dev/ad4s1e   /tmpufs rw  2   2
> /dev/ad4s1f   /usrufs rw  2   2
> /dev/ad4s1d   /varufs rw  2   2
> /dev/acd0 /cdrom  cd9660  ro,noauto   0   0
> #proc   /proc   procfs  rw  0   0
> /dev/ada0s8 /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
> #/dev/label/dump /mnt/dump   ext2fs  rw  0   0
> #/dev/label/archlinux/mnt/archlinux  ext2fs  rw  0   0
>
> root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l /mnt
> total 6
> drwxr-xr-x  2 rocketmouse  wheel   512 Jan 20 20:51 archlinux
> drwxrwxrwx  2 root wheel  4096 Jan 20 20:09 dump
> root@freebsd:/usr/home/rocketmouse # ls -l / | grep mnt
> drwxr-xr-x4 root  wheel  512 Jan 20 20:51 mnt
>
> I still search the Internet, but had bad luck until now.
>
> If I run 'gpart show -l' I can't see what /dev archlinux is, it
> doesn't show Linux labels, so I need to restart and boot Linux to see
> at what  position it is, to figure out what /dev/ada*s* archlinux is.

You should be able to see any labels the kernel knows about with 'glabel 
status', but my experience is that not all labels show up.  You can
check ext2/3 labels with e2label from the e2fsprogs port/package.  My
experience is that labels in /etc/fstab work fine, but they may or may
not be visible in /dev or with glabel if they are not in fstab.

-- 
Carl Johnsonca...@peak.org

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file-descriptor file system?

[Fbsd8]

What is a fdescfs file-descriptor file system?
Is it still a normal part of 9.1?
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Re: meory file system

[Steve Kargl]

On Fri, Aug 20, 2010 at 03:08:30PM -0700, gahn wrote:
> Hi, All:
> 
> I am running 8.1. under /dev, I don't see /dev/md0, so i am trying to add 
> following lines in kernel file and got error messages:
> 
> options MFS #Memory Filesystem
> 
> /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/bn39_1: unknown option "MFS"
> *** Error code 1
> 
> Stop in /usr/src.
> *** Error code 1
> 
> any gurus here know what is happeny here?
> 

There isn't a MFS option.  Try 'man mdconfig'.

PS: Your message should have been sent for freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org.

-- 
Steve
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Re: meory file system

[Olivier Smedts]

2010/8/21 Steve Kargl :
> On Fri, Aug 20, 2010 at 03:08:30PM -0700, gahn wrote:
>> Hi, All:
>>
>> I am running 8.1. under /dev, I don't see /dev/md0, so i am trying to add 
>> following lines in kernel file and got error messages:
>>
>> options         MFS                 #Memory Filesystem
>>
>> /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/bn39_1: unknown option "MFS"
>> *** Error code 1
>>
>> Stop in /usr/src.
>> *** Error code 1
>>
>> any gurus here know what is happeny here?
>>
>
> There isn't a MFS option.  Try 'man mdconfig'.

Also, have a look at tmpfs !

>
> PS: Your message should have been sent for freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org.
>
> --
> Steve
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-- 
Olivier Smedts                                                 _
                                        ASCII ribbon campaign ( )
e-mail: oliv...@gid0.org        - against HTML email & vCards  X
www: http://www.gid0.org    - against proprietary attachments / \

  "Il y a seulement 10 sortes de gens dans le monde :
  ceux qui comprennent le binaire,
  et ceux qui ne le comprennent pas."
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Re: meory file system

[Dag-Erling Smørgrav]

gahn  writes:
> I am running 8.1. under /dev, I don't see /dev/md0,

/dev/md0 won't show up until you actually run mdconfig.

> so i am trying to add following lines in kernel file and got error
> messages:
>
> options MFS #Memory Filesystem

The correct line is "device md", but mdconfig(8) will automatically load
the module, so you don't need it.

DES
-- 
Dag-Erling Smørgrav - d...@des.no
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GBDE encryped File system

[Aiza]

In release 8.0 is GBDE now part of the base system?
If not what is the /boot/loader.conf command to add to enable it?
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file system full help

[Noah]

I sometimes get reports of "file system full" but not accurately because when
viewing the drive with "df -k" I find there is adequate space on the drive. 
Usually this is casused by log files considered larger than the available
space on the /var directory.  I would like to see if this in fact the case.

Can somebody please remind me what commands I can use to troubleshoot this
current condition?

thanks in advance,

Noah



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file system full help

[Robert Huff]

Noah writes:

>  I sometimes get reports of "file system full" but not accurately
>  because when viewing the drive with "df -k" I find there is
>  adequate space on the drive. Usually this is casused by log files
>  considered larger than the available space on the /var directory.
>  I would like to see if this in fact the case.
>  
>  Can somebody please remind me what commands I can use to
>  troubleshoot this current condition?

lsof?


Robert Huff


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Installing from File System

[Dean Weimer]

I have setup FreeBSD 5.4, with a minimal installation from the CDRom, I
would like to be able to change configuration options, such as adding
something from the packages collection on the CDs, or adding more of the
distributions at a later point remotely, using /stand/sysinstall.  I figured
I could copy both cds 1 and 2 into a directory on the machine, and choose
file system from the installation media page.  All works good up to a point.
then I receive a message stating that this is Disc 0 and the packages is on
Disc 1.  How do I make the install section realize that all of the files are
on the file system?
 
Thanks,
 Dean Weimer
 Sr. Network Administrator
 Orscheln Management Company
 Phone: (660) 269-3448
 Fax: (660) 269-3950
 
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Re: umapfs file system

[Mario Hoerich]

# Valerio daelli:

[ compiling umapfs ]
> ../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:56: error: prototype declaration
> ../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c: In function `umapfs_root':
> ../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:300: error: 'td' redeclared as different
> kind of symbol
> ../../../fs/umapfs/umap_vfsops.c:298: error: previous definition of 'td' was
> here
> *** Error code 1
> 
> Do you think is still supported?

Quoting from mount_umapfs(8):
| BUGS
|  THIS FILE SYSTEM TYPE IS NOT YET FULLY SUPPORTED (READ: IT DOESN'T WORK)
|  AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.  USE AT YOUR OWN
|  RISK.  BEWARE OF DOG.  SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
|
|  This code also needs an owner in order to be less dangerous - serious
|  hackers can apply by sending mail to <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> and announcing
|  their intent to take it over.

Basically, I think that's a no.

HTH,
Mario
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Discovering File System Corruption

[Bret Walker]

I have a 6.0-RELEASE-p1 box with a GENERIC kerbnel that I'm having some
trouble with.

I recently reconstituted the machine from being a 5.4 box. I didn't
upgrade, I reinstalled.

When I was trying to install tripwire, kept getting this message:
"./bin/i386-unknown-freebsd_r/siggen missing. Build did not complete
successfully.
*** Error code 1"

I CVSupped a few times, even deleting the tripwire directory completely
and letting CVSup re-add it. I finally fixed the problem by copying the
missing file from another box.

The maintainer of the the port wrote to me:
" The missing files were missing from the distfile extraction, not the port.
The distfile failed to extract properly. That indicates that either tar
failed (unlikely) or that you have some kind of filesystem problem. You
have a problem much more serious than a mere port that failed to build."

I have run fsck in single user mode many times, each time coming back clean.
I ran fsck -f -p, to make sure I wasn't having any problems like this (
http://freebsd.rambler.ru/bsdmail/freebsd-current_2003/msg04802.html ).

How can I determine what is going on? Do I have filesystem corruption,
or is something else going on?


smime.p7s
Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature

Re: Clustered file system

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

On 01/05/07, Rico Secada <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Hi

We are expanding at work and I am messing around with different setups.

I need a file system that will *look* like its just on one machine,
like when mounting with NFS, but because of the large amount of data,
I really need to expand the files to several servers.

Also I need some kind of security.

I haven't set something like this up before so all kind of friendly
advice would be greatly appriciated. What solution is recommended?



AFIK, zfs in -CURRENT can do this.  -CURRENT runs fairly well[1],
if you catch it at the right time.  Not sure if/when the MFC is planned.

There might be something in geom(8) which could do this, as well,
but I do not know.


[1] YMMV, obviously.  The one box I have on -CURRENT is not heavily
loaded and not filled with cutting-edge technology.  The 12-March
snapshot of 7 wouldn't have zfs, though (I think?)

--
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Re: Clustered file system

[Jerry McAllister]

On Tue, May 01, 2007 at 11:44:26PM +0200, Rico Secada wrote:

> Hi
> 
> We are expanding at work and I am messing around with different setups.
> 
> I need a file system that will *look* like its just on one machine, 
> like when mounting with NFS, but because of the large amount of data, 
> I really need to expand the files to several servers.

Well, that sounds like AFS.   Check out OpenAFS and Arla - Arla is
just a client, not the server.   OpenAFS does both, but may not
handle the most recent FreeBSD versions.   I haven't kept up lately.

Also, you might want to check out ZFS and see if it suits  your 
needs.   I understand it will be available in FreeBSD in 7.xx.
It comes from SUN.

> 
> Also I need some kind of security.

AFS does authentication and has ACLs.

jerry
> 
> I haven't set something like this up before so all kind of friendly 
> advice would be greatly appriciated. What solution is recommended?
> 
> Best regards
> Rico
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