Re: ARM compiler generating never-used constant data structures
On Wed, Feb 4, 2009 at 11:05 PM, Zoltán Kócsi zol...@bendor.com.au wrote: [cut] If I compile the above with -O2 or -Os, then if the target is AVR or x86_64 then the result is what I expected, func() just loads 3 or 12345 then returns and that's all. There is no .rodata generated. However, compiling for the ARM generates the same function code, but it also generates the image of things in the .rodata segment. Twice. Even when it stores 12345 separatelly. The code never actually references any of them and they are not global thus it is just wasted memory: I think it's relevant to ask this: Are you comparing against the same gcc release on all the three architectures you mention?
Re: ARM compiler generating never-used constant data structures
On Thu, 5 Feb 2009 10:58:40 -0200 Alexandre Pereira Nunes alexandre.nu...@gmail.com wrote: On Wed, Feb 4, 2009 at 11:05 PM, Zoltán Kócsi zol...@bendor.com.au wrote: [cut] If I compile the above with -O2 or -Os, then if the target is AVR or x86_64 then the result is what I expected, func() just loads 3 or 12345 then returns and that's all. There is no .rodata generated. However, compiling for the ARM generates the same function code, but it also generates the image of things in the .rodata segment. Twice. Even when it stores 12345 separatelly. The code never actually references any of them and they are not global thus it is just wasted memory: I think it's relevant to ask this: Are you comparing against the same gcc release on all the three architectures you mention? Almost the same: x86_64: 4.0.2 AVR:4.0.1 ARM:4.0.2 So, at least the Intel and the ARM are the same yet the Intel version omits the .rodata, the ARM keeps it. I'll check it with the newer version next week. However, I tend to use the 4.0.x because at least for the ARM it generates smaller code from the same source than the newer versions when optimising with -Os. Zoltan
Re: ARM compiler generating never-used constant data structures
On Fri, Feb 06, 2009 at 12:30:13AM +1100, Zoltán Kócsi wrote: Almost the same: x86_64: 4.0.2 AVR:4.0.1 ARM:4.0.2 So, at least the Intel and the ARM are the same yet the Intel version omits the .rodata, the ARM keeps it. I'll check it with the newer version next week. However, I tend to use the 4.0.x because at least for the ARM it generates smaller code from the same source than the newer versions when optimising with -Os. Still, there's not much help people can give you with old versions. If you have any test cases where 4.0.2 gives smaller code with -Os than a 4.4 snapshot, please, file them in bugzilla. -- Daniel Jacobowitz CodeSourcery
ARM compiler generating never-used constant data structures
I have various constants. If I define them in a header file like this:
static const int my_thing_a = 3;
static const int my_thing_b = 12345;
then everything is nice, if I use them the compiler knows their value
and uses them as literals and it doesn't actually put them into the
.rodata section (which is important because I have a lot of them and
code space is at premium).
Now these things are very closely related, so it would make the program
much clearer is they could be collected in a structure. That is:
struct things { int a; int b; };
and then I could define a global structure
const struct things my_things = { 3, 12345 };
so that I can refer them as my_things.a or my_things.b;
The problem is that I do not want to instantiate the actual things
structure, for the same reason I did not want to instantiate the
individual const int definitions. So, I tried the GCC extension of
compound literals like this:
#define my_things ((struct things) { 3, 12345 })
int func( int x )
{
if ( x )
return my_things.a;
else
return my_things.b;
}
If I compile the above with -O2 or -Os, then if the target is AVR or
x86_64 then the result is what I expected, func() just loads 3 or 12345
then returns and that's all. There is no .rodata generated.
However, compiling for the ARM generates the same function code, but it
also generates the image of things in the .rodata segment. Twice. Even
when it stores 12345 separatelly. The code never actually references
any of them and they are not global thus it is just wasted memory:
.section.rodata
.align 2
.type C.1.1095, %object
.size C.1.1095, 8
C.1.1095:
.word 3
.word 12345
.align 2
.type C.0.1094, %object
.size C.0.1094, 8
C.0.1094:
.word 3
.word 12345
.text
.align 2
.global func2
.type func2, %function
func2:
ldr r3, .L6
cmp r0, #0
moveq r0, r3
movne r0, #3
bx lr
.L7:
.align 2
.L6:
.word 12345
Is there a reason why GCC generates the unused .rodata for the ARM
while for the other two it does not?
I guess I'm doing something fundamentally wrong, as usual...
Thanks,
Zoltan
