A memory leak happens when  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
valgrind:
...
==13644==
==13644== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 17 from 1)
==13644== malloc/free: in use at exit: 122,880 bytes in 6 blocks.
==13644== malloc/free: 6 allocs, 0 frees, 122,880 bytes allocated.
==13644== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==13644== searching for pointers to 6 not-freed blocks.
==13644== checked 96,388 bytes.
==13644==
==13644== 24,576 bytes in 3 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 2
==13644==    at 0x401BCC9: operator new[](unsigned) (vg_replace_malloc.c:197)
==13644==    by 0x4090D7B: std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char>
>::_M_allocate_internal_buffer() (in 
/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x4098805: (within /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x40862D6: std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(bool) (in
/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x8048712: main (in ...)
==13644==
==13644==
==13644== 98,304 bytes in 3 blocks are still reachable in loss record 2 of 2
==13644==    at 0x401BCC9: operator new[](unsigned) (vg_replace_malloc.c:197)
==13644==    by 0x4090D2E: std::basic_filebuf<wchar_t,
std::char_traits<wchar_t> >::_M_allocate_internal_buffer() (in 
/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x40981F5: (within /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x40863B4: std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(bool) (in
/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8)
==13644==    by 0x8048712: main (in ...)
==13644==
==13644== LEAK SUMMARY:
==13644==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==13644==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==13644==    still reachable: 122,880 bytes in 6 blocks.
==13644==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.

Environment:
System: Linux penelope 2.6.15-1-k7 #2 Mon Mar 6 15:42:39 UTC 2006 i686
GNU/Linux
Architecture: i686


host: i486-pc-linux-gnu
build: i486-pc-linux-gnu
target: i486-pc-linux-gnu
configured with: ../src/configure -v
--enable-languages=c,c++,java,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada,treelang --prefix=/usr
--enable-shared --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib
--without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --enable-nls
--program-suffix=-4.1 --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-clocale=gnu
--enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo
--with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.4.2-gcj-4.1-1.4.2.0/jre --enable-mpfr
--with-tune=i686 --enable-checking=release i486-linux-gnu

How-To-Repeat:
// run with valgrind --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes 
#include <iostream>
int 
main(void)
{
  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  std::cout << "testing" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}


------- Comment #1 from mirko dot maischberger at gmail dot com  2006-06-07 
14:40 -------
Fix:
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(true);


-- 
           Summary: valgrind reports memleak when
                    std::ios:sync_with_stdio(false)
           Product: gcc
           Version: 4.1.1
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P3
         Component: libstdc++
        AssignedTo: unassigned at gcc dot gnu dot org
        ReportedBy: mirko dot maischberger at gmail dot com
 GCC build triplet: i486-pc-linux-gnu
  GCC host triplet: i486-pc-linux-gnu
GCC target triplet: i486-pc-linux-gnu


http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27931

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