Re: [geo] Re: Marine cloud brightening coagulation comment - ACPD
Hi All This paper raises some interesting questions. They are using drop sizes from 10 nanometres to 10 microns. We hope get as close to a mono-disperse spray of 0.8 microns as is possible. If drag and inertia of drops are close, the relative velocities due to local turbulence will be low and collisions less frequent. What would be the coagulation rates with a much narrower spread of drop diameters? We also propose to give drops a negative electrostatic charge. How will this affect coagulation? If the coagulation rate varies with conditions, do they change slowly for the spray vessels to be moved to better places? Stephen On 20/09/2014 00:02, Andrew Lockley wrote: Poster's note : The original paper (which should have been posted first) is here: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/10385/2013/acp-13-10385-2013.html Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications G. S. Stuart1, R. G. Stevens1, A.-I. Partanen3, A. K. L. Jenkins2, H. Korhonen3, P. M. Forster2, D. V. Spracklen2, and J. R. Pierce1,4 Abstract The intentional enhancement of cloud albedo via controlled sea-spray injection from ships (marine cloud brightening) has been proposed as a possible method to control anthropogenic global warming; however, there remains significant uncertainty in the efficacy of this method due to, amongst other factors, uncertainties in aerosol and cloud microphysics. A major assumption used in recent cloud- and climate-modeling studies is that all sea spray was emitted uniformly into some oceanic grid boxes, and thus these studies did not account for subgrid aerosol coagulation within the sea-spray plumes. We explore the evolution of these sea-salt plumes using a multi-shelled Gaussian plume model with size-resolved aerosol coagulation. We determine how the final number of particles depends on meteorological conditions, including wind speed and boundary-layer stability, as well as the emission rate and size distribution of aerosol emitted. Under previously proposed injection rates and typical marine conditions, we find that the number of aerosol particles is reduced by over 50%, but this reduction varies from under 10% to over 90% depending on the conditions. We provide a computationally efficient parameterization for cloud-resolving and global-scale models to account for subgrid-scale coagulation, and we implement this parameterization in a global-scale aerosol-climate model. While designed to address subgrid-scale coagulation of sea-salt particles, the parameterization is generally applicable for coagulation of subgrid-scale aerosol from point sources. We find that accounting for this subgrid-scale coagulation reduces cloud droplet number concentrations by 46% over emission regions, and reduces the global mean radiative flux perturbation from −1.5 W m−2 to −0.8 W m−2. Citation: Stuart, G. S., Stevens, R. G., Partanen, A.-I., Jenkins, A. K. L., Korhonen, H., Forster, P. M., Spracklen, D. V., and Pierce, J. R.: Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10385-10396, doi:10.5194/acp-13-10385-2013, 2013. On 15 September 2014 22:21, Andrew Lockley andrew.lock...@gmail.com wrote: Attached -- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
[geo] Paul Krugman, Errors and Emissions: Could Fighting Global Warming Be Cheap and Free?
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/19/opinion/paul-krugman-could-fighting-global-warming-be-cheap-and-free.html In the above New York Times article, Paul Krugman presents reports (http://newclimateeconomy.report/, Working Paper http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2014/09/17/carbon-pricing-good-for-you-good-for-the-planet/) and argues that transitioning to a less carbon intensive economy would be cheaper than continuing with one. He argue that it is a myth that there is a direct relationship between the amount of carbon burned and the strength of an economy. When overall incurred costs are considered (health impacts,...,etc.) it may be that an economy that goes off fossil fuel will be at an advantage compared to those that don't. However, it goes without saying that those invested in the fossil economy will delay the transition as long as possible to keep their interests...solvent. This is a nice counterpoint to discussions of Noami Klien's book and arguments about capitalism. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
Re: [geo] Re: Steam Co-Gasification - Brown Seaweed, Land-Based Biomass (+CCS/AWL?)
Prof Schuiling, list and ccs 1. Thanks for your followup (the 13th) to recent (AWL-related) comments started by Greg on a seaweed paper that had nothing to do with any aspect of geoengineering, but which did open the topic of biomass for AWL and then other forms of CDR. All of the subsequent comments have related to CDR; I apologetically keep this thread title so as to keep our discussion in one place. My main point is that I whole heartedly agree that we will need many forms of CDR; biochar is not enough. Most of this below relates to biochar, because I know so little about the other CDR approaches (and need to learn more). Here, I am mostly asking about olivine and ways that it can be combined with biochar (and maybe seaweed). 2. I tried to do a quick study of olivine besides the very useful attachment you gave, getting these hits (all open-source - mostly to your work) that I recommend a.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjUuJt4chyk b. http://www.greensand.nl/content/user/1/files/%2B%2B%2BLet%20the%20Earth%20help%20us%20to%20save%20the%20Earth-%20addendum%20Climate%20Change.pdf c. Schuiling, R.D. and Krijgsman, P. (2006) Enhanced weathering; an effective and cheap tool to sequester CO2 . Climatic Change, 74, nrs 1-3, p.349-354 d. http://www.innovationconcepts.eu/res/literatuurSchuiling/enhanced.pdf 3. One of these gave this 1997 cite, which I have been unable to locate, but which one of the above said gave $15/tonne of something (in 1997). Can you (anyone) give a URL and/or more on current cost estimates for olivine placement under different scenarios? Lackner, K.S., Butt, D.P., Wendt, C.H., Goff, F., Guthrie, G., 1997. Carbon dioxide disposal in mineral form. Keeping coal competitive. Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-UR-97-2094, 74 p 4. One place that covers the combination of rock-dust and biochar is: http://remineralize.org/blog/magazine/biochar-and-rock-dust-for-nutrient-dense-food-soil-fertility-restoration-and-carbon-sequestration I cannot tell whether some types of olivine can be good for both sequestration and the added micronutrients that farmers are looking for. Any cites available for this triple purpose activity? (Triple meaning sequestration, increased plant growth, and reduced application costs because of synergies.) 5. As I said earlier in this thread, there are plenty of references to the advantages of combining biochar with rock dusts and good places to find such rock dust, but I have found nothing on the best sources of a rock dust that also serves the carbon sequestration purpose. Anyone able to help with that? 6. One biochar expert, Dr. Stephen Joseph in Australia, has written on the advantages of combined biochar and geologic material (thinking improved solid state compounds with favorable electrical properties that seem to explain some biochar benefits) - that evolve naturally after char is placed in soils. But these may also occur from possible fortuitous reactions as pyrolysis reactions turn combined input biomass and minerals into a more recalcitrant char form through pyrolysis. Might this idea have an olivine connection? 7. Michael Hayes has, I think, also mentioned ways that his work on combined sequestration and ocean biomass could include olivine. Perhaps the same for Greg. There should be many synergies if we put our minds to it. As you have pointed out, transportation costs can be kept low, when near oceans or waterways. 8. Your attachment made reference to the eventual permanent removal of the olivine-derived CO2 through coral growth. Should there be concerns that continuing ocean acidification after SRM has started will so damage coral that it would impact the economics of olivine? We should all be very impressed by how much you have done to promote CDR - clearly more than anyone else for olivine. Thanks for all that effort. Ron On Sep 21, 2014, at 7:46 AM, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf) r.d.schuil...@uu.nl wrote: I wouldn't rely only on biochar (which I also consider an important avenue), see a number of different approaches in the attachment, Olaf Schuiling From: geoengineering@googlegroups.com [mailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Michael Hayes Sent: zondag 21 september 2014 1:39 To: Ronal W. Larson Cc: Andrew Lockley; Geoengineering; Rau, Greg; Michael MacCracken; Ken Caldeira Subject: Re: [geo] Re: Steam Co-Gasification - Brown Seaweed, Land-Based Biomass (+CCS/AWL?) [AJL1] If you scale this to have any impact on the climate, you'll run out of markets for by products. [RWL1: The most likely bi-product, at least as I understand Michael's scheme, is biochar. I have seen statements that biochar could be the world's first trillion dollar industry. I would not worry at this time of a market for biochar. This of course if the price
[geo] Fwd: Climate Engineering News Review for week 39 of 2014
-- Forwarded message -- From: i...@climate-engineering.eu i...@climate-engineering.eu Date: 22 September 2014 21:27 Subject: Climate Engineering News Review for week 39 of 2014 To: andrew.lock...@gmail.com [image: tl_files/newsletter/NewsletterBalken.jpg] Dear Climate Engineering Group, please find below our weekly climate engineering news review. You can find daily updated climate engineering news on our news portal www.climate-engineering.eu/news.html. Thank you The Climate Engineering Editors Climate Engineering News Review for Week 39 of 2014 Upcoming Events and Deadlines - 17.09.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/lecture-geoengineering-science-and-governance-43.html, Lecture: Geoengineering: Science and Governance, Cambridge/UK - 24.09.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/public-parlamentary-session-in-germany.html, Public parlamentary session in Germany: Climate Engineering - Useful Instrument or Dead End, Berlin/Germany - 03.10.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/job-climate-change-adaptation-and-geoengineering-science-advisor-uk-gov.html, Deadline for job application: Climate Change Adaptation and Geoengineering science advisor (UK Gov) - 04.11.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/workshops-mainstreaming-biodiversity-workshop-geo-engineering-impacts-on-biodiversity.html, Workshops: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Workshop: Geo-engineering impacts on biodiversity, Bristol/UK - 02.-03.12.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/the-world-science-summit-on-climate-engineering-future-guiding-principles-and-ethics.html, The World Science Summit on Climate Engineering: Future Guiding Principles and Ethics, Washington DC/USA - 15.-19.12.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/conference-agu-fall-meeting.html, Conference: AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco/USA - 04.-08.01.2015 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/conference-20th-conference-on-planned-and-inadvertent-weather-modification.html, Conference: 20th Conference on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Phoenix, Arizona/USA - 17.02.2015 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/lecture-patient-geoengineering-david-keith.html, Lecture: Patient Geoengineering (David Keith), SFJAZZ Center, San Francisco/USA New Publications - Bellamy, Rob (2014) http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/bellamy-rob-2014-safety-first-framing-and-governing-climate-geoengineering-experimentation.html: Safety First! Framing and Governing Climate Geoengineering Experimentation - Bellamy, R., et al. (2014) http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/bellamy-r-et-al-2014-deliberative-mapping-of-options-for-tackling-climate-change-citizens-and-specialists-open-up-appraisal-of-g.html: Deliberative Mapping of options for tackling climate change: Citizens and specialists 'open up' appraisal of geoengineering - Amelung, Dorothee; Funke, Joachim (2014) http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/amelung-dorothee-funke-joachim-2014-laypeoples-risky-decisions-in-the-climate-change-context-climate-engineering-as-a-risk-defus.html: Laypeople's Risky Decisions in the Climate Change Context: Climate Engineering as a Risk-Defusing Strategy? Selected Media Responses - Common Dreams http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/common-dreams-whether-we-engage-or-do-nothing-this-changes-everything.html: Whether We Engage or Do Nothing... This Changes Everything - Energy Politics Blog http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/energy-politics-blog-geoengineering-a-planetary-science-experiment.html: Geoengineering : A Planetary Science Experiment - Risk Science Center http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/risk-science-center-designing-global-deliberation-for-geoengineering-governance.html: Designing global deliberation for geoengineering governance - WGC Blog http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/wgc-blog-engineering-the-world-climatic-system-transdisciplinarity-interdisciplinarity-and-uncertainties.html: Engineering the World Climatic System: Transdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity and Uncertainties - Ecologist http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/ecologist-the-end-of-fossil-fuels-is-not-the-end-of-global-warming.html: The end of fossil fuels is not the end of global warming *To unsubscribe please send short message to * *i...@climate-engineering.eu* i...@climate-engineering.eu* or use the web interface.* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to
