Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
All depends on plumes. These are tethered pumps in moving water. DO will be available on all sides of the thin plume. Cheers, Bill William H. Calvin wcal...@uw.edu WilliamCalvin.org On Jul 13, 2013, at 7:28 PM, markcap...@podenergy.org wrote: Bill, My thoughts are suggestions to quantify your Climate Colab entry more. One other thought. Bacteria will first use all the dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxygen from nitrate before resorting to anaerobic digestion. Thus the reason for dead zones under algal blooms. Your Climate Colab entry could quantify how much if any DO will remain in the downwelling areas. Typical controlled anaerobic digestion in WWTP's produces about 60% CH4 and 40% CO2 by volume. Landfills can be similar but may be only 50% CH4. The CH4 bacteria are likely to exceed CH4 saturation and produce gas bubbles. Even so those bubbles are likely to be converted to CO2, if the water column includes DO. The biomass would have to be compressed to relatively low water content (more than about 10% solids) for CO2 to exceed saturation. The CO2 saturation-depth curve bends to near constant at about 500 meters and 60,000 ppm. Below about 500 meters CO2 exceeding saturation would be a liquid or a hydrate. Mark E. Capron, PE Ventura, California www.PODenergy.org Original Message Subject: RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition From: Peter Flynn peter.fl...@ualberta.ca Date: Sat, July 13, 2013 4:43 pm To: William Calvin wcal...@uw.edu, Peter Flynn peter.fl...@ualberta.ca Cc: markcap...@podenergy.org, andrew.lock...@gmail.com, geoengineering geoengineering@googlegroups.com William, A question: even if biomass is converted to CO2 in the deep ocean (1000 m) would it not stay there? My understanding is that the deep ocean is not supersaturated, due to the high pressure; it is the reduction of pressure in a rising deep water column that causes degassing of CO2. Not sure this is correct, I would welcome your comments. Peter Flynn From: William Calvin [mailto:wcal...@uw.edu] Sent: July-13-13 5:34 PM To: Peter Flynn Cc: markcap...@podenergy.org; andrew.lock...@gmail.com; geoengineering Subject: Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Circulation time for the water is about a thousand years but the radiocarbon age for DOC in the depths is more like 4,000 years. It's not a regional effect but widespread. I discussed it in the cleanup book: Estimates for the delay until the flushed surface water resurfaces range from 400 to 1,600 years. Excess carbon sunk to just below the winter thermocline is likely to resurface sooner. It may take a sinking depth of more than 1,000 m to achieve millennial-scale storage. In the cold depths, about half of the new dissolved organic carbon from the upper ocean is promptly converted into total CO2. But it has recently been shown that the rest has a 6,000 year residence time. Since the reason for this postponed oxidation into CO2 is not yet clear, one cannot say that half of the carbon debt, if sunk within twenty years, would also stay out of the atmospheric circulation for an extra 5,000 years. But it seems a good bet, one we should take. The major ref is McNichol, A and Aluwihare, L. I. “The Power of Radiocarbon in Biogeochemical Studies of the Marine Carbon Cycle: Insights from Studies of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon (DOC and POC) Luther III, G. W. and Boyle, E. A. Chemical Reviews (thematic issue on Chemical Oceanography.) 107, 2007, pp.443-466. On Fri, Jul 12, 2013 at 9:00 PM, Peter Flynn peter.fl...@ualberta.ca wrote: Mark, The residence time for exchange between the deep ocean and the shallow ocean is on the order of 600 to 1000 years. This is an average; there are ocean locations where the exchange is far slower (negligible downwelling and upwelling currents). Hence conversion of biomass to CO2 in the deep ocean would not liberate it to the atmosphere for a very long time, perhaps past the age of fossil fuels. I don’t know enough about the behavior of methane, i.e. whether it is soluble or would form gas bubbles. If it is soluble the same long storage would apply. Peter Flynn Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D. Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta peter.fl...@ualberta.ca cell: 928 451 4455 From: geoengineering@googlegroups.com [mailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of markcap...@podenergy.org Sent: July-12-13 9:40 PM To: andrew.lock...@gmail.com; william.cal...@gmail.com Cc: geoengineering Subject: RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Bill, At a quick glance: 1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc
Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
Hi Mark, Your comments about the production of methane are very interesting. The group which I chair, the Arctic Methane Emergency Group (AMEG), is concerned about all things methanical, including waste water treatment, of which you have expertise. If William's proposal is to sink carbon (and I have not time at this moment to read his proposal), then it might be advisable to promote methanotrophs at the same time. I might be able to discuss this tomorrow, when I get back to Bath. I leave my hotel room in Davos in a few minutes and then will be travelling back without any internet access. Cheers, John On Sat, Jul 13, 2013 at 5:00 AM, Peter Flynn peter.fl...@ualberta.cawrote: Mark, The residence time for exchange between the deep ocean and the shallow ocean is on the order of 600 to 1000 years. This is an average; there are ocean locations where the exchange is far slower (negligible downwelling and upwelling currents). Hence conversion of biomass to CO2 in the deep ocean would not liberate it to the atmosphere for a very long time, perhaps past the age of fossil fuels. I don’t know enough about the behavior of methane, i.e. whether it is soluble or would form gas bubbles. If it is soluble the same long storage would apply. Peter Flynn Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D. Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta peter.fl...@ualberta.ca cell: 928 451 4455 *From:* geoengineering@googlegroups.com [mailto: geoengineering@googlegroups.com] *On Behalf Of *markcap...@podenergy.org *Sent:* July-12-13 9:40 PM *To:* andrew.lock...@gmail.com; william.cal...@gmail.com *Cc:* geoengineering *Subject:* RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Bill, At a quick glance: 1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc. in deep water below the themocline. But what fraction are you extracting? 2. I am a wastewater engineer with some landfill and dairy waste experience. Do you know what fraction of the sunk or pumped to bottom carbon is available to anaerobic bacteria? Years ago, we used to think anaerobic bacteria required fresh water and mammal body temperatures to convert biomass to CH4 and CO2. Now we can buy anaerobic bacteria that produce at 5C for use in unheated temperate climate dairy digesters. The bacteria exist or evolve to work in all ocean conditions. The gas production at seafloor temperatures in seawater will be slower, but not that much. Perhaps 80% of volatile solids (aka ash-free biomass) hitting the deep seafloor should be converted to CH4 and CO2 within a decade, if not sooner. Mark E. Capron, PE Ventura, California www.PODenergy.org Original Message Subject: Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition From: Andrew Lockley andrew.lock...@gmail.com Date: Fri, July 12, 2013 7:15 pm To: william.cal...@gmail.com Cc: geoengineering geoengineering@googlegroups.com I looked through it in detail earlier. Where's the evidence you can get anywhere near the numbers you need? A On Jul 13, 2013 4:13 AM, William H. Calvin william.cal...@gmail.com wrote: I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note that the revised proposal you see is not the original proposal the judges saw and from which I quoted in my reply Comment). The 2,000 word limit forced me to boil it down at lot but it has also become, I hope, a bit more understandable for those who haven't been following developments since 1983. A more complete proposal is in my short book, *The Great CO2 Cleanup*, at the Kindle store or the PDF at http://WilliamCalvin.org/bk16 http://williamcalvin.org/bk16 . I have until Monday to make revisions to the proposal before final judging. Please email suggestions. If you wish to add public comments or “Supporter” endorsements, the Comments tab has a login/register link. I am encouraged to “use on-line social networks” to build support, something I am not good at doing. This competition is my best chance so far to get a wider audience to consider my reframing of the climate problem and its implications for the time scale of needed climate actions. Thanks to many of you for earlier comments, -Bill William H. Calvin, Ph.D. University of Washington, School of Medicine. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from
Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
William : Can you give a URL for the judges report? Ron - Original Message - From: William H. Calvin william.cal...@gmail.com To: geoengineering@googlegroups.com Sent: Friday, July 12, 2013 8:10:28 PM Subject: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note that the revised proposal you see is not the original proposal the judges saw and from which I quoted in my reply Comment). The 2,000 word limit forced me to boil it down at lot but it has also become, I hope, a bit more understandable for those who haven't been following developments since 1983. A more complete proposal is in my short book, The Great CO2 Cleanup , at the Kindle store or the PDF at http://WilliamCalvin.org/bk16 . I have until Monday to make revisions to the proposal before final judging. Please email suggestions. If you wish to add public comments or “Supporter” endorsements, the Comments tab has a login/register link. I am encouraged to “use on-line social networks” to build support, something I am not good at doing. This competition is my best chance so far to get a wider audience to consider my reframing of the climate problem and its implications for the time scale of needed climate actions. Thanks to many of you for earlier comments, -Bill William H. Calvin, Ph.D. University of Washington, School of Medicine. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering . For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out . -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
William, A question: even if biomass is converted to CO2 in the deep ocean (1000 m) would it not stay there? My understanding is that the deep ocean is not supersaturated, due to the high pressure; it is the reduction of pressure in a rising deep water column that causes degassing of CO2. Not sure this is correct, I would welcome your comments. Peter Flynn *From:* William Calvin [mailto:wcal...@uw.edu] *Sent:* July-13-13 5:34 PM *To:* Peter Flynn *Cc:* markcap...@podenergy.org; andrew.lock...@gmail.com; geoengineering *Subject:* Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Circulation time for the water is about a thousand years but the radiocarbon age for DOC in the depths is more like 4,000 years. It's not a regional effect but widespread. I discussed it in the cleanup book: Estimates for the delay until the flushed surface water resurfaces range from 400 to 1,600 years. Excess carbon sunk to just below the winter thermocline is likely to resurface sooner. It may take a sinking depth of more than 1,000 m to achieve millennial-scale storage. In the cold depths, about half of the new dissolved organic carbon from the upper ocean is promptly converted into total CO2. But it has recently been shown that the rest has a 6,000 year residence time. Since the reason for this postponed oxidation into CO2 is not yet clear, one cannot say that half of the carbon debt, if sunk within twenty years, would also stay out of the atmospheric circulation for an extra 5,000 years. But it seems a good bet, one we should take. The major ref is McNichol, A and Aluwihare, L. I. “The Power of Radiocarbon in Biogeochemical Studies of the Marine Carbon Cycle: Insights from Studies of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon (DOC and POC) Luther III, G. W. and Boyle, E. A. Chemical Reviews (thematic issue on Chemical Oceanography.) 107, 2007, pp.443-466. On Fri, Jul 12, 2013 at 9:00 PM, Peter Flynn peter.fl...@ualberta.ca wrote: Mark, The residence time for exchange between the deep ocean and the shallow ocean is on the order of 600 to 1000 years. This is an average; there are ocean locations where the exchange is far slower (negligible downwelling and upwelling currents). Hence conversion of biomass to CO2 in the deep ocean would not liberate it to the atmosphere for a very long time, perhaps past the age of fossil fuels. I don’t know enough about the behavior of methane, i.e. whether it is soluble or would form gas bubbles. If it is soluble the same long storage would apply. Peter Flynn Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D. Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta peter.fl...@ualberta.ca cell: 928 451 4455 *From:* geoengineering@googlegroups.com [mailto: geoengineering@googlegroups.com] *On Behalf Of *markcap...@podenergy.org *Sent:* July-12-13 9:40 PM *To:* andrew.lock...@gmail.com; william.cal...@gmail.com *Cc:* geoengineering *Subject:* RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Bill, At a quick glance: 1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc. in deep water below the themocline. But what fraction are you extracting? 2. I am a wastewater engineer with some landfill and dairy waste experience. Do you know what fraction of the sunk or pumped to bottom carbon is available to anaerobic bacteria? Years ago, we used to think anaerobic bacteria required fresh water and mammal body temperatures to convert biomass to CH4 and CO2. Now we can buy anaerobic bacteria that produce at 5C for use in unheated temperate climate dairy digesters. The bacteria exist or evolve to work in all ocean conditions. The gas production at seafloor temperatures in seawater will be slower, but not that much. Perhaps 80% of volatile solids (aka ash-free biomass) hitting the deep seafloor should be converted to CH4 and CO2 within a decade, if not sooner. Mark E. Capron, PE Ventura, California www.PODenergy.org Original Message Subject: Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition From: Andrew Lockley andrew.lock...@gmail.com Date: Fri, July 12, 2013 7:15 pm To: william.cal...@gmail.com Cc: geoengineering geoengineering@googlegroups.com I looked through it in detail earlier. Where's the evidence you can get anywhere near the numbers you need? A On Jul 13, 2013 4:13 AM, William H. Calvin william.cal...@gmail.com wrote: I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note
Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
I looked through it in detail earlier. Where's the evidence you can get anywhere near the numbers you need? A On Jul 13, 2013 4:13 AM, William H. Calvin william.cal...@gmail.com wrote: I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at** * http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 *http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note that the revised proposal you see is not the original proposal the judges saw and from which I quoted in my reply Comment). The 2,000 word limit forced me to boil it down at lot but it has also become, I hope, a bit more understandable for those who haven't been following developments since 1983. A more complete proposal is in my short book, *The Great CO2 Cleanup*, at the Kindle store or the PDF at * http://WilliamCalvin.org/bk16* http://williamcalvin.org/bk16 . I have until Monday to make revisions to the proposal before final judging. Please email suggestions. If you wish to add public comments or “Supporter” endorsements, the Comments tab has a login/register link. I am encouraged to “use on-line social networks” to build support, something I am not good at doing. This competition is my best chance so far to get a wider audience to consider my reframing of the climate problem and its implications for the time scale of needed climate actions. Thanks to many of you for earlier comments, -Bill William H. Calvin, Ph.D. University of Washington, School of Medicine. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
Bill,At a quick glance:1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc. in deep water below the themocline. But what fraction are you extracting?2. I am a wastewater engineer with some landfill and dairy waste experience. Do you know what fraction of the "sunk or pumped to bottom" carbon is available to anaerobic bacteria? Years ago, we used to think anaerobic bacteria required fresh water and mammal body temperatures to convert biomass to CH4 and CO2. Now we can buy anaerobic bacteria that produce at 5C for use in unheated temperate climate dairy digesters. The bacteria exist or evolve to work in all ocean conditions. The gas production at seafloor temperatures in seawater will be slower, but not that much. Perhaps 80% of volatile solids (aka ash-free biomass) hitting the deep seafloor should be converted to CH4 and CO2 within a decade, if not sooner. Mark E. Capron, PEVentura, Californiawww.PODenergy.org Original Message Subject: Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition From: Andrew Lockley andrew.lock...@gmail.com Date: Fri, July 12, 2013 7:15 pm To: william.cal...@gmail.com Cc: geoengineering geoengineering@googlegroups.com I looked through it in detail earlier. Where's the evidence you can get anywhere near the numbers you need? A On Jul 13, 2013 4:13 AM, "William H. Calvin" william.cal...@gmail.com wrote: I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note that the revised proposal you see is not the original proposal the judges saw and from which I quoted in my reply Comment). The 2,000 word limit forced me to boil it down at lot but it has also become, I hope, a bit more understandable for those who haven't been following developments since 1983. A more complete proposal is in my short book, The Great CO2 Cleanup, at the Kindle store or the PDF at http://WilliamCalvin.org/bk16 . I have until Monday to make revisions to the proposal before final judging. Please email suggestions. If you wish to add public comments or “Supporter” endorsements, the Comments tab has a login/register link. I am encouraged to “use on-line social networks” to build support, something I am not good at doing. This competition is my best chance so far to get a wider audience to consider my reframing of the climate problem and its implications for the time scale of needed climate actions. Thanks to many of you for earlier comments, -Bill William H. Calvin, Ph.D. University of Washington, School of Medicine. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition
Mark, The residence time for exchange between the deep ocean and the shallow ocean is on the order of 600 to 1000 years. This is an average; there are ocean locations where the exchange is far slower (negligible downwelling and upwelling currents). Hence conversion of biomass to CO2 in the deep ocean would not liberate it to the atmosphere for a very long time, perhaps past the age of fossil fuels. I don’t know enough about the behavior of methane, i.e. whether it is soluble or would form gas bubbles. If it is soluble the same long storage would apply. Peter Flynn Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D. Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta peter.fl...@ualberta.ca cell: 928 451 4455 *From:* geoengineering@googlegroups.com [mailto: geoengineering@googlegroups.com] *On Behalf Of *markcap...@podenergy.org *Sent:* July-12-13 9:40 PM *To:* andrew.lock...@gmail.com; william.cal...@gmail.com *Cc:* geoengineering *Subject:* RE: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition Bill, At a quick glance: 1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc. in deep water below the themocline. But what fraction are you extracting? 2. I am a wastewater engineer with some landfill and dairy waste experience. Do you know what fraction of the sunk or pumped to bottom carbon is available to anaerobic bacteria? Years ago, we used to think anaerobic bacteria required fresh water and mammal body temperatures to convert biomass to CH4 and CO2. Now we can buy anaerobic bacteria that produce at 5C for use in unheated temperate climate dairy digesters. The bacteria exist or evolve to work in all ocean conditions. The gas production at seafloor temperatures in seawater will be slower, but not that much. Perhaps 80% of volatile solids (aka ash-free biomass) hitting the deep seafloor should be converted to CH4 and CO2 within a decade, if not sooner. Mark E. Capron, PE Ventura, California www.PODenergy.org Original Message Subject: Re: [geo] My big-quick-secure CO2 cleanup proposal is still alive at the MIT geoengineering competition From: Andrew Lockley andrew.lock...@gmail.com Date: Fri, July 12, 2013 7:15 pm To: william.cal...@gmail.com Cc: geoengineering geoengineering@googlegroups.com I looked through it in detail earlier. Where's the evidence you can get anywhere near the numbers you need? A On Jul 13, 2013 4:13 AM, William H. Calvin william.cal...@gmail.com wrote: I seem to be one of the three finalists in this geoengineering competition, despite both judges remaining dubious and dismissive. You can judge for yourself, as it is all at http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/20/planId/1302501 My detailed response is in the Comment following the judges’ report. (Note that the revised proposal you see is not the original proposal the judges saw and from which I quoted in my reply Comment). The 2,000 word limit forced me to boil it down at lot but it has also become, I hope, a bit more understandable for those who haven't been following developments since 1983. A more complete proposal is in my short book, *The Great CO2 Cleanup*, at the Kindle store or the PDF at http://WilliamCalvin.org/bk16 http://williamcalvin.org/bk16 . I have until Monday to make revisions to the proposal before final judging. Please email suggestions. If you wish to add public comments or “Supporter” endorsements, the Comments tab has a login/register link. I am encouraged to “use on-line social networks” to build support, something I am not good at doing. This competition is my best chance so far to get a wider audience to consider my reframing of the climate problem and its implications for the time scale of needed climate actions. Thanks to many of you for earlier comments, -Bill William H. Calvin, Ph.D. University of Washington, School of Medicine. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
