Allow the empty string to stand in for the null SHA-1 when pushing a new
branch, like we do when deleting branches.

This means that the following command ensures that `new-branch` is
created on the remote (that is, is must not already exist):

        git push --force-with-lease=new-branch: origin new-branch

Signed-off-by: John Keeping <j...@keeping.me.uk>
---
Changes in v3:
- use hashclr()
- pull 'new branch already exists' test forward from patch 3 and use
  explicit --force-with-lease syntax

 Documentation/git-push.txt |  3 ++-
 remote.c                   |  2 ++
 t/t5533-push-cas.sh        | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index bf7c9a2..927a034 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -201,7 +201,8 @@ if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current 
value to be
 the same as the specified value `<expect>` (which is allowed to be
 different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
 or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
-this form is used).
+this form is used).  If `<expect>` is the empty string, then the named ref
+must not already exist.
 +
 Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
 that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index a326e4e..42c4a34 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -2294,6 +2294,8 @@ int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, 
const char *arg, int unse
        entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
        if (!*colon)
                entry->use_tracking = 1;
+       else if (!colon[1])
+               hashclr(entry->expect);
        else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
                return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 
1);
        return 0;
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
index c732012..ed631c3 100755
--- a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -191,4 +191,30 @@ test_expect_success 'cover everything with default 
force-with-lease (allowed)' '
        test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'new branch covered by force-with-lease (explicit)' '
+       setup_srcdst_basic &&
+       (
+               cd dst &&
+               git branch branch master &&
+               git push --force-with-lease=branch: origin branch
+       ) &&
+       git ls-remote dst refs/heads/branch >expect &&
+       git ls-remote src refs/heads/branch >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new branch already exists' '
+       setup_srcdst_basic &&
+       (
+               cd src &&
+               git checkout -b branch master &&
+               test_commit c
+       ) &&
+       (
+               cd dst &&
+               git branch branch master &&
+               test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=branch: origin branch
+       )
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.9.2.639.g855ae9f

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