Re: Kill signal question
And for those systemd users, you'd want to do (with 'doas' or 'sudo' according to how up-to-the-latest your system is) systemctl reload sshd On Wed, Mar 29, 2023 at 5:03 PM David Berube wrote: > Should be - as well as this: > > kill -1 your_pid_here > > Take it easy, > > David Berube > > On Wed, Mar 29, 2023 at 4:37 PM Mark McSweeney > wrote: > >> All, >> >> Was recently looking at the "kill" signal man and info pages after I got >> a question about it. >> >> I learned a long time ago that after makes changes to the >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config, to reload sshd daemon, I needed to get the >> /var/run/sshd.pid value and input that value in to the "kill -HUP >> 'SSHD_PID'" and it would reload the daemon with killing my existing ssh >> session. Works great for when I am logged into remote systems. >> >> Specifically, my question is, is this method the equivalent to "kill -s >> SIGHUP 'SSHD_PID'" ?? >> ___ >> gnhlug-discuss mailing list >> gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org >> http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ >> > > > -- > David Berube > Berube Consulting > http://berubeconsulting.com > P.O Box 1746 > Concord, NH 03302 > United States > Tel: (603) 574-4766 > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ > ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Book or online source on modern Linux system files and organization
For sufficiently old fossils, it might be easier to boot from a live CD, if thumb drives aren't laying around already. Distinguishing between a failed keyboard and a software misconfiguration can be helped by seeing the keyboard is not failed under different software. Knoppix distributions (at least in the past) had a reputation for being very good at autoconfiguring a wide variety of hardware. But if System 76 laptops are sufficiently specialized, it's possible no other OS will be happy with them. Should I assume you're already aware of this page? - https://support.system76.com/articles/pop-live-disk/ -- jmcg ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Book or online source on modern Linux system files and organization
Fossil here, too. I sympathize. I'm not sure what exact problem you are experiencing, but one way to start to get a handle on it is to create a USB thumb drive with a "live" version of one or more other Linux distributions and try booting to it to see whether they get a reasonable keyboard configuration out-of-the-box. I have an old netbook where I mangled the keyboard connector, so it has to have an external keyboard to do anything. And there's also this possibility: https://github.com/pop-os/keyboard-configurator -- jmcg On Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 1:21 PM Bruce Labitt wrote: > Feeling like a bit of a fossil and not knowing what files do what, or > where things are located. Need to fix an obnoxious problem with a > keyboard and realize I just don't know even how to investigate this > anymore. What are recommended sources for a modern overview of system > files, purposes and organization? > > Think my laptop now believes my Logitech keyboard is the default > keyboard. This is bad, because it has a different number of keys and > the mapping is different. This a royal pia. I am typing with a mouse. > Even the space bar doesn't work. Practically it makes a laptop into a > desktop system. I don't even know where to start since a lot of the > Linux cheese moved, in the past 10 years. > > System76 Oryx 6 Pro laptop. POPOS 22.04. > > Any tips or pointers to well written overviews on the modern > organization would be appreciated. Perhaps I could learn enough to at > least know the correct search terms. > > TIA, Bruce > > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ > ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: symlink confusion
My mnemonic device is to remember that the first argument is what you want the symlink to *contain*; the second is the object you want to *create* and things won't work right if it already exists. -- jmcg On Sat, Nov 14, 2015 at 1:01 PM, Bruce Labitt wrote: > On 11/14/2015 12:36 PM, Kyle Smith wrote: > > I like to remember it as: > > ln -s thing-I-want-a-symlink-to where-I-want-to-put-it > > It's helps to remember, too, the reason for the order is that the second > option isn't required. It will put a symlink with the same base name in > your current working directory without it. > On Sat, Nov 14, 2015 at 12:31 PM Bruce Labitt < > bruce.lab...@myfairpoint.net> wrote: > >> Confused about this, so I'd like to ask, before I mess things up. I am >> attempting to follow the instructions on >> >> http://askubuntu.com/questions/693145/installing-cuda-7-5-toolkit-on-ubuntu-15-10 >> >> I'd like to create a symbolic link from cc (which is a symlink) to >> /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc >> >> cc -> /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc >> >> So the command should be: sudo ln -s cc /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc ? Or >> reverse the arguments? >> >> Sorry about this primitive question, sometimes I get confused about the >> order. As I have found online, the description is >> ln -s /path/to/file path/to/symlink. However, this still confuses me. >> Which is which in my example? >> >> Can someone enlighten me? TIA. >> ___ >> gnhlug-discuss mailing list >> gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org >> http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ >> > > Pardon my denseness (density?), but what you have shown is still confusing > to me. > > ln -s thing-I-want-a-symlink-to where-I-want-to-put-it <-- I don't > understand this :( > > In my case, I want any reference to cc to point to > /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc. It turns out /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc will be a > symlink as well. Eventually the cc reference will end up pointing to > gcc-4.9, since CUDA7.5 does not support gcc5. > > Is it > 1) ln -s cc /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc or > 2) ln -s /opt/compiler_cuda/gcc cc > > Which one does what I want? Seriously confused. > > > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ > > ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: KVM vs ZFS
I'm interested in this topic as well. I'm putting together a little server for a client and was originally going to use ESXi (free) but was disappointed to learn that under ESXi using an SSD for a host cache doesn't actually do much. I started looking at various KVM or other virtualization possibilities with the idea that the ZFS plus an SSD LARC2 might do what I wanted. What's considered stable? What's considered most advanced? I've only worked with MS Virtual PC, VMware in various stages, and VirtualBox in the past. -- jmcg ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Drill Press Local to Nashua/Amherst/Milford needed
I love the idea of this, it's just a worry that carrying this through airport security might be a tad more difficult than your standard laptop. -- jmcg > On Dec 16, 2014, at 11:40, mad...@li.org wrote: > > Hi, > > I am building a small demonstration supercomputer out of five Banana Pis, a > Parallella board, a few other components and some Acrylic plastic. The goal > is to be able to put this "supercomputer" in a brief case, take it to a > university or conference, pull it out and within a few minutes be able to > demonstrate how to program or administer an HPC device using Free Software > tools. When finished the unit will break down into two parts: > > (1) A base containing two 1-TB disks and an 8-port Gbps switch > (2) A "tower" of 5-6 Banana Pis and one Parallella board as the computing hub > (3) A power supply capable of providing the power (5 V, 15A) for the > "supercomputer" > > I need to drill some holes in the Acrylic during the week after New Years so > I can put this all together. With luck this will take about an hour or so of > time with a drill press, and the largest hole being 1/4" diameter, and some > smaller holes for mounting disk drives, the Gbps switch. > > If anyone has a small drill press in the greater Nashua, area .that I could > use I would greatly appreciate it. I will show up with paper patterns made > to show where to cut the holes. > > Thanks, > > maddog > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: FYI
Tell me about it. I've been running a "ddrescue" for over a month now trying to recover what can be recovered from a failing 1TB disk. It averages under 200KB/s when it's not getting stuck because the disk is failing. Perhaps I'm doing this wrong -- jmcg On Apr 27, 2013, at 13:36, Ben Scott wrote: > FYI, running "badblocks -w" on a 3 terabyte hard disk takes a long time. > > -- Ben > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: FairPoint DNS hijacking?
We signed up for Fairpoint DSL on our home line (already had it on a different line, but our hope is that we could discontinue the old one once the new one was working satisfactorily). New service, new Westell 7500 modem/router... When first connecting, the Westell does the DNS redirect thing to a page that looks a lot like the one you're reporting. They want you to log in with a "supported" browser and OS so you can run an "fpinstall" program that ties your modem to your phone line and removes the built-in block/redirect. I also installed Fairpoint DSL at our place in Maine a few weeks ago and, on that line, the "fpinstall" action was performed by an installation program that came on a CD in the box with the Westell. Done once, I have the impression you should not have to do it ever again unless you reset your modem to factory defaults. I'm afraid that doesn't provide much light on why it was happening to you on Sunday. -- jmcg On Dec 9, 2012, at 17:33, Joshua Judson Rosen wrote: > Anyone else experience FairPoint DNS hijacking, this evening? > > Between about 16:00 and 17:00, I got home from the mall and noticed > that all of my DNS lookups had started returning 10.255.255.10, > which was (and, apparently, *still is*) a webserver serving one page, > which reads: > > [FairPoint logo] > >Welcome to the FairPoint Broadband Service web page. >As part of our commitment to provide superior service >we are improving the security of your broadband connection. > >As such, you have been redirected to the FairPoint Communications >broadband service page to install a security update. > >We apologize for the inconvenience, but your Web Browser (Chrome) >and Operating System (Linux) are not currently compatible with >the DSL Security improvement process. > >If possible, please re-open this page on a Windows XP, Vista or >Windows 7 PC using Internet Explorer. > >If that is not possible, please contact FairPoint Internet >Technical Support for further assistance. > >Residential customers can reach FairPoint Internet Technical >Support at 1.800.240.5019. Business customers can reach >FairPoint Internet Technical Support at 1.800.314.9209. > > Thank you for allowing us to serve you. > > > -- > "Don't be afraid to ask (λf.((λx.xx) (λr.f(rr." > > ___ > gnhlug-discuss mailing list > gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org > http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/ ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Problems with DNS...
On the bright side, this mistake didn't take down a whole country. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/10/13/sweden_dns_outage/ -- jmcg ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Digital Voice Recorders and Linux
If a price around $150 is in your range, I can recommend the Zoom H2. It's a lot more than a dictation machine, though. http://www.zoom.co.jp/english/products/h2/ http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000VBH2IG It can record directly to MP3 on SD cards. We never tried plugging its USB port into Linux, though. -- jmcg ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss/
Re: Makefile question with no answer?
Steve, we may be misunderstanding what you want to do in part because what you've asked for seems to misunderstand what a makefile does. Take a look at your dependency line for "clean" for instance. Chances are that there are no dependencies listed for it. The action list for "clean" is simply going to be taken unilaterally whenever the "clean" target is requested. There's no other place where you can add hidden or global dependencies to "clean". You haven't said this, but what it sounds like you may want an _action_ to occur whenever make processes this makefile. There could possibly be a way to do this, depending on the flavor of make. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list gnhlug-discuss@mail.gnhlug.org http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: How does domain name expiration work?
The explanation page for GoDaddy's DomainAlert Pro service mentions a legally required "grace" period. Their Investor's Edge list supposedly shows the actual date on which an expiring domain will become available for purchase by others. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: A perl question
Brian wrote: > Every s/ operation I come up with always ends up replacing ::tag with > the literal "$tag". Perl's DWIM features usually pick up a single variable in the replacement part and do the right thing, but you can add a 'e' modifier to the end of the substitution to cause perl to interpret the replacement part as an expression. You can even add additional 'e' modifiers to cause additional levels of evaluation, but I've never seen this usefully done for more than two levels. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Hardware Question
Some vendors make PC133 RAM that will not work as PC100 RAM. For instance, see the notice on this page from PNY: http://www.pny.com/products/memory/sdram/desktop.asp Other vendors (I had no problem the last time I bought from Kingston), make PC133 modules that work just fine in PC100 machines. (You'd think these PC100 machines of ours would be on the scrap heap by now, but I've had to throw away a couple of newer boxes while one 486 and several older Pentium boxes keep plugging along satisfactorily [in their assigned roles]). ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Microsoftheaded, hugely stupid
Jon, you've obviously not seen all the warnings that let you know Microsoft does not send out updates via mail. E-mails purportedly coming from Microsoft containing patches are just hoaxes. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Dumb networking question...
Alex (Hewitt Tech) wrote: > So the person who said there > might be a routing problem was correct. Simply setting the two LANs to > 192.168.1.* and 192.168.2.* respectively fixed the problem. I think that may have been me, but it was in a message that didn't go to the list. [I don't consider myself a networking expert, it often takes me lots of trial-and-error to solve these kinds of problems -- but if someone wanted me to solve their problems I'm available!] -- Forwarded Message: - From:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Hewitt Tech" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: Re: Dumb networking question... Date:Tue, 01 Apr 2003 13:55:48 + I may be misunderstanding, too, what you're trying to accomplish. What I saw that made me think there might be a problem was that, given the address assignments and subnet masks involved, there was no way for a host to determine, from the IP address alone, whether it must direct a packet to the gateway or send it directly on the LAN. This decision takes place at the routing level and once it's made, the lower level doesn't have the capability to change it -- and it's only the lower level (using ARP, etc) that knows which MAC addresses are local. It I were doing this, I'd set up distinct subnets for the two sides of the bridge/tunnel. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: pipe/redirect dumb question
Erik Price wrote: > Does the code that tells the reader or writer to block have to be > written into the application, or is that somehow built into the shell? It's probably best to think of this behavior as built in, provided by the OS. The shell just provides a convenient and easy-to-use syntax for settings things up so the OS can do its job "transparently". ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: pipe/redirect dumb question
> Is there a difference between piping something into another > utility and using the "<" redirection operator to send data > to it? An ordinary redirection opens a file descriptor with regular file semantics. Some shells implement "process" redirection which is similar to a pipe. The main difference between pipe file descriptors and "file" file descriptors is that pipes implement a sort of flow control. Draining a pipe causes the reader to block rather than receive an EOF. Filling up the pipe will cause the writer to block. Other differences are the way the file descriptors respond to various other syscalls. For instance, you can't do a 'seek' on a pipe. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Advanced shell scripting question
Kevin D. Clark wrote:
> This doesn't work either. Try using the following program as input to
> such a scheme:
#include
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<10; i+=2) {
printf("%d\n", i);
fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", i+1);
}
}
True enough. My test case was, unbeknownst to me, being line-buffered. If you install
'expect', you can do this:
#! /bin/bash
mkfifo /tmp/fifo1-$$;mkfifo /tmp/fifo2-$$
tee errlog /tmp/fifo1-$$ &
tee outnerr /tmp/fifo2-$$" 1>/tmp/fifo1-$$
rm /tmp/fifo[12]-$$
The 'unbuffer' script (usually) fools the stdio library into making stdout
line-buffered because it's a pty. The stderr is already unbuffered -- and we've pushed
the redirection down into the script -- so you can get strict alternation between the
lines written to stderr with lines written to stdout.
It's certainly a lot of extra apparatus to go through!
___
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Re: Advanced shell scripting question
Does the answer have to be tidy and fit all on one line? Or would something like this be okay? mkfifo /tmp/fifo1-$$;mkfifo /tmp/fifo2-$$ tee errlog /tmp/fifo1-$$ & tee outnerr /tmp/fifo2-$$ 1>/tmp/fifo1-$$ rm /tmp/fifo[12]-$$ This kinda imitates bash's process substitution method (when FIFOs are available and /dev/fd is not). When I tried it, it preserved the order of the output, thanks to the writer process being at a lower priority than the readers. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Link atomicity [was Re: NFS Question]
Derek, you said: > One way of creating a lock file is done using the O_EXCL > option to open(2). From the manpage for that system call: > > O_EXCL is broken on NFS file sys > tems, programs which rely on it for performing > locking tasks will contain a race condition. The > solution for performing atomic file locking using a > lockfile is to create a unique file on the same fs > (e.g., incorporating hostname and pid), use link(2) > to make a link to the lockfile. If link() returns > 0, the lock is successful. Otherwise, use stat(2) > on the unique file to check if its link count has > increased to 2, in which case the lock is also suc > cessful. I have always told people who need portability and aren't looking for high-performance, fine-grained locks that they should use this sort of link mechanism. It's definitely atomic and you can implement it in shell scripts. I've never heard of the suggestion that it would be okay to consider the link successful if the link call returned failure but the link count, on a subsequent stat, was 2. That sounds like bad advice. What I've always done is put the unique node/pid combination _in_ the file as well. You verify that the lock is (still) yours by reading the lockfile after acquiring the lock. You also verify that the lock is still yours before removing the lockfile (raising an alarm if you thought you had the lock but find that someone had taken it from you). > However, kernel developers at MCL have told me that because NFS by > default uses asyncronous I/O, this also contains a race condition. I don't see this. NFS can be hosted on top of a file system using async i/o, delayed writes, etc, but the underlying file system is a common rendezvous point for all NFS clients and processes running on the NFS server. If linking is atomic on the underlying file system, it must also be atomic for the NFS clients. There would of course be a race condition if a process other than the lock owner, the process that succeeded in creating the link, were to unlink the lockfile. The removal could arrive immediately after a successful link attempt. But perhaps what they were referring to is that changes to other files during the interval while the lockfile is held would not necessarily be committed to disk at the point when the lockfile is removed. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
