[GHC] #1773: Add Compositor class as superclass of Arrow, in Control.Compositor
#1773: Add Compositor class as superclass of Arrow, in Control.Compositor
-+--
Reporter: guest | Owner:
Type: proposal| Status: new
Priority: normal | Milestone: Not GHC
Component: libraries/base |Version: 6.6.1
Severity: normal | Keywords:
Difficulty: Unknown | Os: Unknown
Testcase: | Architecture: Unknown
-+--
The Compositor class has two members:
{{{
class Compositor comp where
identity :: comp a a
() :: comp a b - comp b c - comp a c
}}}
with the obvious monoid. A number of useful types are Compositors but not
Arrows.
--
Ticket URL: http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/1773
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[GHC] #1774: Using GHCi inaccessible
#1774: Using GHCi inaccessible +--- Reporter: guest | Owner: Type: bug| Status: new Priority: normal | Milestone: Component: Documentation |Version: 6.6.1 Severity: normal | Keywords: Difficulty: Unknown| Os: Unknown Testcase: | Architecture: Unknown +--- From http://www.haskell.org/ghc/dist/current/docs/users_guide/, both the link for 3. Using GHCi and 4. Using runghc go to ghci.html which contains only information about runghc. The section about using GHCi is not viewable. -- Ticket URL: http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/1774 GHC http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ The Glasgow Haskell Compiler___ Glasgow-haskell-bugs mailing list Glasgow-haskell-bugs@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-bugs
Re: [GHC] #1537: do notation translation
#1537: do notation translation +--- Reporter: Isaac Dupree |Owner: Type: bug | Status: new Priority: normal |Milestone: 6.10 branch Component: Compiler (Type checker) | Version: 6.7 Severity: normal | Resolution: Keywords: | Difficulty: Unknown Os: Unknown | Testcase: Architecture: Unknown | +--- Comment (by mnislaih): I attached a patch that touches the type checker and the desugarer. A companion patch for the testsuite will follow soon. Hopefully it can be reviewed and merged before the release. The patch was mostly produced during the Hackathon, but I didn't get it quite right the first time. -- Ticket URL: http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/1537#comment:5 GHC http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ The Glasgow Haskell Compiler___ Glasgow-haskell-bugs mailing list Glasgow-haskell-bugs@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-bugs
Re: [GHC] #1774: Using GHCi inaccessible
#1774: Using GHCi inaccessible --+- Reporter: guest |Owner: Type: bug| Status: new Priority: normal |Milestone: Component: Documentation | Version: 6.7 Severity: normal | Resolution: Keywords: | Difficulty: Unknown Os: Unknown| Testcase: Architecture: Unknown| --+- Changes (by guest): * version: 6.6.1 = 6.7 -- Ticket URL: http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/1774#comment:1 GHC http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ The Glasgow Haskell Compiler___ Glasgow-haskell-bugs mailing list Glasgow-haskell-bugs@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-bugs
Re: [GHC] #1537: do notation translation
#1537: do notation translation +--- Reporter: Isaac Dupree |Owner: Type: bug | Status: new Priority: normal |Milestone: 6.10 branch Component: Compiler (Type checker) | Version: 6.7 Severity: normal | Resolution: Keywords: | Difficulty: Unknown Os: Unknown | Testcase: rebindable8 Architecture: Unknown | +--- Changes (by mnislaih): * testcase: = rebindable8 Old description: Really there are two things: Normally, (do True) fails to compile in GHC because there is no Monad Bool, whereas Haskell-98 translates it to (True). With `-fno-implicit-prelude`, ( according to http://comonad.com/reader/2007/parameterized-monads-in-haskell/ ): Caveat: It appears that GHC enforces the fact that the arguments and results of (=) must have a signature like (=) :: forall m a. (...) = m a - (a - m b) - m b insofar as when you use the do-sugar, your types will not be able to vary. Ideally it should be able to get by with a more liberal signature, but it seems like no one has needed it before now. I think do-notation will be the simplest sugar (from one point of view at least) when it just translates to (=), (), fail, and let..in.. as specified in Haskell98 (or non-Prelude-qualified when `-fno-implicit- prelude`, of course). It appears #303 was an older similar problem. Also, maybe the behavior (in the new version) should be explicitly documented somewhere in the User's Guide. New description: Really there are two things: Normally, (do True) fails to compile in GHC because there is no Monad Bool, whereas Haskell-98 translates it to (True). With `-fno-implicit-prelude`, ( according to http://comonad.com/reader/2007/parameterized-monads-in-haskell/ ): Caveat: It appears that GHC enforces the fact that the arguments and results of (=) must have a signature like (=) :: forall m a. (...) = m a - (a - m b) - m b insofar as when you use the do-sugar, your types will not be able to vary. Ideally it should be able to get by with a more liberal signature, but it seems like no one has needed it before now. I think do-notation will be the simplest sugar (from one point of view at least) when it just translates to (;=), (), fail, and let..in.. as specified in Haskell98 (or non-Prelude-qualified when `-fno-implicit- prelude`, of course). It appears #303 was an older similar problem. Also, maybe the behavior (in the new version) should be explicitly documented somewhere in the User's Guide. -- Ticket URL: http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/1537#comment:6 GHC http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ The Glasgow Haskell Compiler___ Glasgow-haskell-bugs mailing list Glasgow-haskell-bugs@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-bugs
undecidable overlapping instances: a bug?
Hi, all! I am quite intrigued at the behaviour examplified in the attached module. It's true I am a newbie and probably don't quite get the whole consequence spectrum of -fallow-undecidable-instances, but why providing that dummy instance (commented out) get the thing to compile? By the way, I'm using GHC 6.6 on WinXP (actually, latest Visual Haskell with MS Visual Studio 2005) and the error message I get is: FooModule.hs:13:9: Could not deduce (Show a) from the context (Concrete a b) arising from use of `bar' at FooModule.hs:13:9-13 Possible fix: add (Show a) to the class or instance method `foo' In the expression: bar x In the definition of `foo': foo x = bar x In the definition for method `foo' A second question: which kinds of overlapping are covered by -fallow-overlapping-instances? It seems that the following (also in the attached module) is not allowed: instance (Show a, Abstract a b) = Concrete a b where foo x = show x instance (Abstract a b) = Concrete a b which gives me the message: FooModule.hs:17:0: Duplicate instance declarations: instance [overlap ok] (Show a, Abstract a b) = Concrete a b -- Defined at FooModule.hs:17:0 instance [overlap ok] (Abstract a b) = Concrete a b -- Defined at FooModule.hs:30:0 Thanks in advance for any pointers. Cheers, Jorge. FooModule.hs Description: Binary data ___ Glasgow-haskell-users mailing list Glasgow-haskell-users@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-users
Re: [Haskell] Re: Trying to install binary-0.4
Simon Marlow wrote: - Provide a known good cabal. Make sure it installs on GHC 6.6 and 6.4. Cabal 1.2 works all the way back to GHC 6.2. The recommended way to build new packages with an old GHC will be to upgrade Cabal first. Can it be installed by a user? Because I think my GHC 6.4 always picks up Cabal-1.0, which is installed globally. tar-1.0 then fails through not finding Distribution.Simple. - Refrain from renaming stuff. System.Posix is a fine name. Who renamed it? It's still called System.Posix AFAIK. tar references System.PosixCompat, which apparently comes from a library called unix-compat. I have no idea why the lib isn't just called unix and the modules not System.Posix.*, for tar works fine with System.Posix.*. Personally I object to ECT, it's too heavy. I believe versioning belongs in the package system where it currently is. Well, versioning of shared libraries belongs into the dynamic linker, where it currently is. My gut says, Cabal is more like ld than apt-get. Of course I don't care for the solution ultimately implemented, as long as it works. However, without guidelines for what can be changed between versions of packages, nothing will. The main problem you seem to be running into is that base previously contained bytestring, but you need to upgrade bytestring in order to use binary, right? Actually I'm more annoyed by the many small and unneccessary stumbling blocks right now. I mean, you could easily put an instruction into the INSTALL file that says if you're on GHC 6.4 or 6.6, register this replacement configuration for base to sanitize it. You cannot write if you're on 6.4, edit all references to System.PosixCompat, unless you already installed unix-compat, and you absolutely need binary 0.4, unless you're on 6.4, where you want binary 0.3 but need to patch it so it has instance MonadFix Get, etc. pp. there, since something like that just pisses off your users. But yes, base and bytestring not liking each other is the showstopper, since base can neither be hidden nor upgraded. In that case, I think a reasonable hack is to modify the package configuration for base to move Data.ByteString from exposed-modules to hidden-modules (I'd be wary about removing it altogether). Perhaps the bytestring Setup.lhs should do this automatically when registering? First off, this should be documented. Having bytestring's Setup do the messy registering would be a good solution, I think. A better one than a gazillion Cabal configurations, I might add. -Udo signature.asc Description: Digital signature ___ Haskell mailing list Haskell@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell
Re: [Haskell] Re: Trying to install binary-0.4
On Oct 13, 2007, at 20:35 , Udo Stenzel wrote: Simon Marlow wrote: - Refrain from renaming stuff. System.Posix is a fine name. Who renamed it? It's still called System.Posix AFAIK. tar references System.PosixCompat, which apparently comes from a library called unix-compat. I have no idea why the lib isn't just called unix and the modules not System.Posix.*, for tar works fine with System.Posix.*. The tar package uses System.PosixCompat from the unix-compat package to also work under non-posix systems (read Windows). This dependency is listed in the tar.cabal file (see http://hackage.haskell.org/ packages/archive/tar/0.1/tar.cabal). System.Posix was never renamed. The main problem you seem to be running into is that base previously contained bytestring, but you need to upgrade bytestring in order to use binary, right? Actually I'm more annoyed by the many small and unneccessary stumbling blocks right now. I mean, you could easily put an instruction into the INSTALL file that says if you're on GHC 6.4 or 6.6, register this replacement configuration for base to sanitize it. You cannot write if you're on 6.4, edit all references to System.PosixCompat, unless you already installed unix-compat, and you absolutely need binary 0.4, unless you're on 6.4, where you want binary 0.3 but need to patch it so it has instance MonadFix Get, etc. pp. there, since something like that just pisses off your users. Why not just install unix-compat? It is listed as a dependency after all. I seem to be able to build the tar package against binary-0.3. What exactly is the error that you are getting? By the way, I don't think that users of open source software have a right to be pissed off, or at least authors don't have an obligation to care about them being pissed off. What users do have is a right to submit patches. That said, I agree that the constantly changing packages make it hard to keep dependencies up to date. I guess that this is price we pay for moving quickly. At some point, however, we will have to stop breaking things. /Björn ___ Haskell mailing list Haskell@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell
[Haskell-cafe] Re: How to thoroughly clean up Haskell stuff on linux
On 2007-10-12, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Oct 12, 2007, at 17:38 , Lihn, Steve wrote: Installing: --prefix=~/cabal/lib/haddock-0.8/ghc-6.4 This looks suspicious to me: the ~ metacharacter is only understood by shells, and only in certain circumstances (i.e. only at the beginning of a word, not after a =), This likely the problem, but a reasonable shell (i.e. zsh) will expand in this circumstance: % echo --foo=~ --foo=/home/wnoise -- Aaron Denney -- ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
[Haskell-cafe] Can every monad can be implemented with Cont? (was: New slogan for haskell.org)
Don Stewart wrote: allbery: Didn't someone already prove all monads can be implemented in terms of Cont? Cont and StateT, wasn't it? And the schemers have no choice about running in StateT :) You sure? I want to see the proof :) Last time I stumbled upon something like this, the proof was to embed every monad m in the type type Cont m a = forall b . (a - m b) - m b with an instance Monad (Cont m) where ... _independent_ of whether m is a monad or not. The problem I see with it is that we didn't really encode m with it since we're still dependent on return and (=) via project :: Monad m = Cont m a - m a project f = f return and inject :: Monad m = m a - Cont m a inject x = (x =) I mean, the starting point for a concrete monad M are some primitive operations like get :: M s put :: s - M () and a function observe :: M a - (S - (a,S)) together with laws for the primitive operations (= operational semantics) observe (put s = x) = \_ - observe (x ()) s observe (get = x) = \s - observe (x s ) s and for return observe (return a)= \s - (a,s) Now, implementing a monad means to come up with a type M and functions (=) and return that fulfill the monad laws. (In general, the result type of observe is _not_ M a !) This can be done with the standard trick of implementing stuff as constructors (see Unimo for details http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~cklin/papers/unimo-143.pdf). But - and that's the problem - I don't see how it can be done with Cont in all cases. It works for the above state monad (*) but what about primitives like mplus :: m a - m a - m a callcc :: ((a - m r) - m r) - m a that have monadic arguments in a contravariant position (possibly even universally quantified)? Regards, apfelmus *: Here you go: type Observe s a = s - (a,s) type State s a = Cont (Observe s) a get = \x - (\s - observe (x s ) s) -- law for get put s = \x - (\_ - observe (x ()) s) -- law for put observe f = f $ \a - (\s - (a,s)) -- law for observe (return a) ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
[Haskell-cafe] Re: more functions to evaluate
On 2007-10-12, Dan Weston [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: applyNtimes f n | n 0 = f . applyNtimes f (n-1) | otherwise = id Why not some variant of: applyNtimes f n = foldl' (.) id (replicate n f) -- Aaron Denney -- ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
[Haskell-cafe] Re: How to thoroughly clean up Haskell stuff on linux
Lihn, Steve [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi, I have been hacking the Haskell installation a few days on Redhat Linux. GHC 6.6 - 6.6.1 - Lambdabot does not work. [...] Anyway, now my question is, how do I thoroughly clean up Haskell? (And maybe try again after a few days of rest.) Is there some reason why you can't use RPMs, given that it's a redhat system? -- Jón Fairbairn [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Fri, 2007-10-12 at 20:25 -0700, Stefan O'Rear wrote: On Sat, Oct 13, 2007 at 12:09:57AM +0200, ntupel wrote: setup :: (Ord a, IArray a2 a, IArray a1 e, Num a) = [e] - [a] - (a1 Int e, a1 Int e, a2 Int a) calcAlias :: (Ord e, Num e, IArray a e, Ix i, IArray a2 e1, IArray a1 e1) = a2 i e1 - a1 i e1 - a i e - [i] - [i] - (a1 i e1, a i e) next :: (IArray a2 e1, IArray a e1, Ord e, IArray a1 e, RandomGen t, Random e) = (a Int e1, a2 Int e1, a1 Int e) - t - (e1, t) randomList :: (Random e, RandomGen t1, IArray a2 e, Ord e, IArray a t, IArray a1 t) = (a Int t, a1 Int t, a2 Int e) - t1 - [t] ... I would try specializing to StdGen, UArray, and Int, for RandomGen, IArray, and Random respectively. Thanks for your reply Stefan. Unfortunately I could measure only a relatively small improvement by changing to concrete types, e.g. using setup :: [a] - [Double] - (Array Int a, Array Int a, UArray Int Double) calcAlias :: Array Int a - Array Int a - UArray Int Double - [Int] - [Int] - (Array Int a, UArray Int Double) next :: (Array Int a, Array Int a, UArray Int Double) - StdGen - (a, StdGen) randomList :: (Array Int a, Array Int a, UArray Int Double) - StdGen - [a] the sample code was about one second faster when compiled with -O2. Profiling again indicated that most time was spend in random and randomR (I manually added cost centers into next): main +RTS -p -RTS total time =8.00 secs (160 ticks @ 50 ms) total alloc = 2,430,585,728 bytes (excludes profiling overheads) COST CENTREMODULE %time %alloc random Random60.0 54.5 randomRRandom20.0 23.3 next Random17.5 17.0 main Main 1.92.5 randomList Random 0.62.8 previously (i.e. with long class contexts) it looked like this: main +RTS -p -RTS total time =7.85 secs (157 ticks @ 50 ms) total alloc = 2,442,579,716 bytes (excludes profiling overheads) COST CENTREMODULE %time %alloc random Random58.6 54.5 randomRRandom22.9 23.3 next Random14.6 16.5 main Main 2.52.5 randomList Random 1.33.1 Many thanks again, Thoralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] WinAmp plugin?
Yes that would be cool. Similarly, Haskell could also be used to create something like http://www.soundspectrum.com/g-force. Would be cool to translate the vector-field code to the GPU, and that has already been done in Haskell (Vertigo?) Conal Elliott wrote: sounds like great fun to me. i'll contribute some functional graphics expertise. dons others have learned how to get good performance out of elegant code. does anyone have WinAmp plugin know-how? - Conal On 10/12/07, *Andrew Coppin* [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Does anybody here know WinAmp? [I feel sure the answer must be yes!] How hard would it be to write a visualisation plugin in Haskell? I think this would be a neat way of demonstrating that Haskell isn't slow. Also, WinAmp plugins (and, actually, WinAmp) are notoriously buggy and unstable. Would be a nice place to show off how reliable Haskell programs are. OTOH, I have no idea about this kind of thing, so... ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] more functions to evaluate
Dan: Sorry, I forgot to Reply to All. On 12/10/2007, Dan Weston [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... We don't want to make an intermediate list of zeroes and append, since that could be wasteful. Just keep adding a zero to the head of our list until it gets big enough. Our list is not copied (i.e. it is shared with the tail of the result) this way, saving making a copy during reverse. It's actually much less efficient to create a big function that prepends a list of zeroes than just to create that list of zeroes and prepend it. You will be much better of just using (replicate n e ++) than (applyNtimes (e:) n). Contrived benchmark: Prelude sum . map length $ [replicate i 0 ++ [1..10] | i - [1..2000]] 2021000 (0.19 secs, 114581032 bytes) Prelude sum . map length $ [applyNtimes (0:) i [1..10] | i - [1..2000]] 2021000 (2.51 secs, 242780204 bytes) ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Re: How to thoroughly clean up Haskell stuff on linux
On Oct 13, 2007, at 3:51 , Aaron Denney wrote: On 2007-10-12, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Oct 12, 2007, at 17:38 , Lihn, Steve wrote: Installing: --prefix=~/cabal/lib/haddock-0.8/ghc-6.4 This looks suspicious to me: the ~ metacharacter is only understood by shells, and only in certain circumstances (i.e. only at the beginning of a word, not after a =), This likely the problem, but a reasonable shell (i.e. zsh) will expand in this circumstance: zsh only does so with setopt magicequalsubst. -- brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] [EMAIL PROTECTED] system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] [EMAIL PROTECTED] electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon universityKF8NH ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Oct 13, 2007, at 6:52 , ntupel wrote: On Fri, 2007-10-12 at 20:25 -0700, Stefan O'Rear wrote: On Sat, Oct 13, 2007 at 12:09:57AM +0200, ntupel wrote: setup :: (Ord a, IArray a2 a, IArray a1 e, Num a) = [e] - [a] - (a1 Int e, a1 Int e, a2 Int a) calcAlias :: (Ord e, Num e, IArray a e, Ix i, IArray a2 e1, IArray a1 e1) = a2 i e1 - a1 i e1 - a i e - [i] - [i] - (a1 i e1, a i e) next :: (IArray a2 e1, IArray a e1, Ord e, IArray a1 e, RandomGen t, Random e) = (a Int e1, a2 Int e1, a1 Int e) - t - (e1, t) randomList :: (Random e, RandomGen t1, IArray a2 e, Ord e, IArray a t, IArray a1 t) = (a Int t, a1 Int t, a2 Int e) - t1 - [t] ... I would try specializing to StdGen, UArray, and Int, for RandomGen, IArray, and Random respectively. Thanks for your reply Stefan. Unfortunately I could measure only a relatively small improvement by changing to concrete types, e.g. using (...) COST CENTREMODULE %time %alloc random Random60.0 54.5 randomRRandom20.0 23.3 next Random17.5 17.0 main Main 1.92.5 randomList Random 0.62.8 Now you need to start forcing things; given laziness, things tend to only get forced when in IO, which leads to time being accounted to the routine where the forcing happened. If random / randomR are invoked with large unevaluated thunks, their forcing will generally be attributed to them, not to functions within the thunks. (Yes, this means profiling lazy programs is a bit of a black art.) -- brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] [EMAIL PROTECTED] system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] [EMAIL PROTECTED] electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon universityKF8NH ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Dual Parser Failure???
On 10/12/07, PR Stanley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi failure :: (Parser a) failure = \inp - [] The code might contain some syntax errors and I'd be grateful for any corrections. What is a dual parser failure? You should probably put the definition on a separate line, thus: failure :: (Parser a) failure = \inp - [] If that doesn't work, you could send along the definition of the Parser type. -Brent ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Re: Type-level arithmetic
Andrew Coppin wrote:
I was actually thinking more along the lines of a programming language
where you can just write
head :: (n 1) = List n x - x
Current GHC can approximate this with a GADT:
==
{-# OPTIONS -fglasgow-exts #-}
module SafeHead where
data Z
data S a
data List n a where
Nil :: List Z a
Cons :: a - List n a - List (S n) a
head1 :: List (S n) a - a
head1 (Cons x _) = x
-- head1 Nil = undefined -- error: inaccessible
-- test0 = head1 Nil -- error: Z /= S n
test1 = head1 (Cons 'a' Nil)
==
For more complex type arithmetic, you need the GHC 6.8RC for type families:
==
data TT -- true
data FF -- false
type family Geq a b -- a = b
type instance Geq a Z = TT
type instance Geq Z (S n) = FF
type instance Geq (S n) (S m) = Geq n m
head2 :: Geq n (S Z) ~ TT = List n a - a
head2 (Cons x _) = x
-- head2 Nil = undefined -- no error, but useless
-- test2 = head2 Nil -- error: TT /= Geq Z (S Z)
test3 = head2 (Cons 'a' Nil)
==
Of course, the downside is that using the List GADT can be inconvenient
since you need to be able to express _in a static way_ the length of the
lists:
(++) :: List n a - List m a - List (Sum n m) a
(\\) :: List n a - List m a - List (???) a
The (\\) case is impossible to predict (if you know only the lengths),
so you probably need to return a simple [a] there. Of course, you can
recover a better type with un-time checks, as in (roughly)
checkLength :: [a] - n - Maybe (List n a)
Regards,
Zun.
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Re: [Haskell-cafe] Can every monad can be implemented with Cont? (was: New slogan for haskell.org)
Hello, Didn't someone already prove all monads can be implemented in terms of Cont? Cont and StateT, wasn't it? And the schemers have no choice about running in StateT :) You sure? I want to see the proof :) I think this is referring to Andrzej Filinski's paper Representing Layered Monads in which it shown that stacks of monads can be implemented directly (no layering) by using call/cc and mutable state. -Jeff ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 09:56 -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote: Now you need to start forcing things; given laziness, things tend to only get forced when in IO, which leads to time being accounted to the routine where the forcing happened. If random / randomR are invoked with large unevaluated thunks, their forcing will generally be attributed to them, not to functions within the thunks. But AFAIK random and randomR only take a StdGen (plus a range argument in case of randomR) as argument so I don't understand where the unevaluated thunks might be actually? (Maybe I should have said that random and randomR are the ones from GHC's System.Random module.) Thanks, Thoralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Can every monad can be implemented with Cont? (was: New slogan for haskell.org)
jeff p wrote: I think this is referring to Andrzej Filinski's paper Representing Layered Monads in which it shown that stacks of monads can be implemented directly (no layering) by using call/cc and mutable state. I have been unable to see how to bring its crucial reify and reflect to Haskell. In particular reflect: reflect :: m a - a It looks very magical. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Oct 13, 2007, at 11:40 , ntupel wrote: On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 09:56 -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote: Now you need to start forcing things; given laziness, things tend to only get forced when in IO, which leads to time being accounted to the routine where the forcing happened. If random / randomR are invoked with large unevaluated thunks, their forcing will generally be attributed to them, not to functions within the thunks. But AFAIK random and randomR only take a StdGen (plus a range argument in case of randomR) as argument so I don't understand where the unevaluated thunks might be actually? (Maybe I should have said that random and randomR are the ones from GHC's System.Random module.) Your apparently simple StdGen argument is actually a sort of program state (represented by unevaluated thunks, not by a state monad; see below) which gets altered with every invocation of random. If nothing is forced until the very end, it in effect becomes an expression which produces the desired StdGen, with the uses of the previous StdGen values as side effects of its computation that occur when the thunk is evaluated at the end. I'm not sure I'm up to working through an example of what this looks like. Suffice it to say that in a lazy language like Haskell, almost any simple expression can in practice end up being a suspended computation (a thunk) consisting of whatever is supposed to produce it. And in the general case (e.g. you don't use strictness annotations) the only way to force evaluation is to do I/O, so it's quite normal for a naive program to end up being one big thunk dangling off a PutStrLn. So why does random get tagged for it? Because it's a state-like function (that is, a function of the form s - (a,s); compare to the definition of the State monad) which takes a StdGen and produces a modified StdGen, so when Haskell finally evaluates the thunk most of the activity happens in the context of evaluating that modification. Hopefully someone reading -cafe can explain it better; I'm pretty lousy at it, as you can probably tell. -- brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] [EMAIL PROTECTED] system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] [EMAIL PROTECTED] electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon universityKF8NH ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Can every monad can be implemented with Cont? (was: New slogan for haskell.org)
On Saturday 13 October 2007, Albert Y. C. Lai wrote: jeff p wrote: I think this is referring to Andrzej Filinski's paper Representing Layered Monads in which it shown that stacks of monads can be implemented directly (no layering) by using call/cc and mutable state. I have been unable to see how to bring its crucial reify and reflect to Haskell. In particular reflect: reflect :: m a - a It looks very magical. Here: http://cs.ioc.ee/mpc-amast06/msfp/filinski-slides.pdf are some slides Filinski made about doing monadic reflection in Haskell (there might be a corresponding paper, but a cursory googling didn't find it). The thing is, 'reflect' in Haskell doesn't have type 'm a - a' It has type something like: m a - ContState a However, in the languages he usually works with, everything is already implicitly in a ContState monad, in that they have mutable references and native continuations. Hence the type 'm a - a' there. At least, I think that's the explanation. -- Dan ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 12:42 -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote: Your apparently simple StdGen argument is actually a sort of program state (represented by unevaluated thunks, not by a state monad; see below) which gets altered with every invocation of random. If nothing is forced until the very end, it in effect becomes an expression which produces the desired StdGen, with the uses of the previous StdGen values as side effects of its computation that occur when the thunk is evaluated at the end. I'm not sure I'm up to working through an example of what this looks like. Thanks Brandon. I understand your argument but I don't know how to put it into practice, i.e. how to force the evaluation of StdGen. - Thoralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Oct 13, 2007, at 13:30 , ntupel wrote: On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 12:42 -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote: Your apparently simple StdGen argument is actually a sort of program state (represented by unevaluated thunks, not by a state monad; see below) which gets altered with every invocation of random. If nothing is forced until the very end, it in effect becomes an expression which produces the desired StdGen, with the uses of the previous StdGen values as side effects of its computation that occur when the thunk is evaluated at the end. I'm not sure I'm up to working through an example of what this looks like. Thanks Brandon. I understand your argument but I don't know how to put it into practice, i.e. how to force the evaluation of StdGen. For starters, look into seq. Try applying it to any expression using a generated random number. This should force evaluation to occur somewhere other than when random is trying to figure out what StdGen value it's been told to use as its initial state. Alternately you can put all the uses in IO and use Control.Exception.evaluate (or even print). This is probably not what you want to do in your actual production code, however. -- brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] [EMAIL PROTECTED] system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] [EMAIL PROTECTED] electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon universityKF8NH ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 13:35 -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote: For starters, look into seq. Try applying it to any expression using a generated random number. This should force evaluation to occur somewhere other than when random is trying to figure out what StdGen value it's been told to use as its initial state. Ok, but I still wonder where that might be. random and randomR are used in a function named next as show here: next :: (Array Int a, Array Int a, UArray Int Double) - StdGen - (a, StdGen) next (xs, as, rs) g = let n = length $ indices xs (x1, g1) = randomR (0, n - 1) g (x2, g2) = random g1 r = rs!x1 in if x2 = r then (xs!x1, g2) else (as!x1, g2) x1 and x2 are used in the same function so I assume this already requires their evaluation. The only function that calls next is randomList: randomList :: (Array Int a, Array Int a, UArray Int Double) - StdGen - [a] randomList t g = let (n, g') = next t g in n:randomList t g' Cf. my original e-mail for the complete program. Alternately you can put all the uses in IO and use Control.Exception.evaluate (or even print). This is probably not what you want to do in your actual production code, however. Right. This is not what I want. Many thanks again, Thoralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
[Haskell-cafe] do
Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? Thanks, Paul ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
On Sat, 13 Oct 2007, PR Stanley wrote: Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? It's syntactic sugar. http://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/exps.html#sect3.14 ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Filesystem questions
Andrew Coppin wrote: Is there a way to get rid of . and .. in the results? Brandon S. Allbery wrote: Manual filtering is always required, whether C, Perl, Haskell, etc. I dunno, maybe python filters them for you or something. Correct, Python filters them out. This is clearly the correct behavior. That is what is needed in the vast majority of cases, and it is still reasonably easy to deal with the unusual cases. It is too bad that Haskell is among the many languages that get this wrong. Python also has os.walk, a very convenient functional (sort of) tool for recursing through directories. (It sounds trivial, but it is not, there are enough annoying details that this function saves huge amounts of time.) Very embarrassing that Haskell is missing this. How about a built-in function that represents a directory tree as a lazy Data.Tree? -Yitz ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
On 10/13/07, PR Stanley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? In this example, do doesn't do anything. do doesn't do anything to a single expression (well, I think it enforces that its return value is a monad...). It's only when you give it multiple expressions that it rewrites them into more formal notation. For example: do putStrLn bla putStrLn blah Will be rewritten into: putStrLn bla putStrLn blah It introduces a block of sequential actions (in a monad), to do each action one after another. Both of these (since they're equivalent) mean print bla *and then* print blah. do also allows a more imperative-feeling variable binding: do line - getLine putStr You said: putStrLn line Will be rewritten into: getLine = (\line - putStr You said: putStrLn line) Looking at the do notation again: execute getLine and bind the return value to the (newly introduced) variable 'line', then print You said: , then print the value in the variable line. You can think of the last line in the block as the return value of the block. So you can do something like: do line - do putStr Say something: getLine putStr You said: putStrLn line In this example it's kind of silly, but there are cases where this is useful. Luke ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
ntupel wrote: Thanks for your reply Stefan. Unfortunately I could measure only a relatively small improvement by changing to concrete types the sample code was about one second faster when compiled with -O2. Profiling again indicated that most time was spend in random and randomR GHC StdGen's random and randomR are somewhat slow. I found that changing to a custom ((x*a + b) `mod` c) random-generator (instance of RandomGen) much sped things up (since nothing depended on the random numbers being good quality). (Then I switched to a small C function to do the randomization and make all the OpenGL calls, and it sped up by another factor of 4.) Isaac ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
isaacdupree: ntupel wrote: Thanks for your reply Stefan. Unfortunately I could measure only a relatively small improvement by changing to concrete types the sample code was about one second faster when compiled with -O2. Profiling again indicated that most time was spend in random and randomR GHC StdGen's random and randomR are somewhat slow. I found that changing to a custom ((x*a + b) `mod` c) random-generator (instance of RandomGen) much sped things up (since nothing depended on the random numbers being good quality). (Then I switched to a small C function to do the randomization and make all the OpenGL calls, and it sped up by another factor of 4.) I've seen similar results switching to the SIMD mersenne twister C implementation for randoms: http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/SFMT/index.html If there's interest, I can package up the bindings for hackage. -- Don ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Filesystem questions
On Sat, 13 Oct 2007, Yitzchak Gale wrote: Andrew Coppin wrote: Is there a way to get rid of . and .. in the results? Brandon S. Allbery wrote: Manual filtering is always required, whether C, Perl, Haskell, etc. I dunno, maybe python filters them for you or something. Correct, Python filters them out. This is clearly the correct behavior. That is what is needed in the vast majority of cases, and it is still reasonably easy to deal with the unusual cases. It is too bad that Haskell is among the many languages that get this wrong. me too Python also has os.walk, a very convenient functional (sort of) tool for recursing through directories. (It sounds trivial, but it is not, there are enough annoying details that this function saves huge amounts of time.) Very embarrassing that Haskell is missing this. Maybe it is already in one of the Haskell for scripting packages? ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
On Sat, 13 Oct 2007, Henning Thielemann wrote: On Sat, 13 Oct 2007, PR Stanley wrote: Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? It's syntactic sugar. http://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/exps.html#sect3.14 http://syntaxfree.wordpress.com/2006/12/12/do-notation-considered-harmful/ ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] more functions to evaluate
On Fri, 2007-10-12 at 16:20 -0700, Dan Weston wrote: I like that name, and will henceforth use it myself until someone sees fit to add it to the Prelude! Maxime Henrion wrote: Isaac Dupree wrote: Dan Weston wrote: applyNtimes :: (a - a) - Int - a - a This sounds like it should be in the library somewhere agree, I've used it a few times (mostly for testing things) - modulo argument order and Int vs. Integer vs. (Num a = a) What do you think about calling it iterateN instead? The type of foldr: foldr :: (a - b - b) - b - [a] - b Church encoding [a] [a] = forall b.(a - b - b) - b - b Permuting arguments, foldr is one way of an isomorphism between [a] and it's Church encoding, i.e. \c n - foldr c n list is the Church encoded version of list. Church encoding of Nat Nat = forall a.(a - a) - a - a iterateN is foldNat up to permutations of arguments and ignoring negative values ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
PR Stanley wrote: Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? On Sat, 13 Oct 2007, Henning Thielemann wrote: It's syntactic sugar. http://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/exps.html#sect3.14 etc. Actually, there is a SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: the do construct is a syntactic Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), known sometimes as Syntactic Ajinomoto. Whether it is responsable for the Syntactic Chinese Restaurant Syndrom or not, is under investigation. Whether it increases really the flavour of the Monosod... argh... Monadic meals, it depends on your metabolism, and of your preferred table tools. People enjoying the consumption of long, long spaghetti use rarely chopstics, and prefer efficient forks like =, ===, etc. Jerzy Karczmarczuk ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Filesystem questions
On Sat, Oct 13, 2007 at 23:27:13 +0200, Yitzchak Gale wrote: Andrew Coppin wrote: Is there a way to get rid of . and .. in the results? Brandon S. Allbery wrote: Manual filtering is always required, whether C, Perl, Haskell, etc. I dunno, maybe python filters them for you or something. Correct, Python filters them out. This is clearly the correct behavior. That is what is needed in the vast majority of cases, and it is still reasonably easy to deal with the unusual cases. It is too bad that Haskell is among the many languages that get this wrong. Python also has os.walk, a very convenient functional (sort of) tool for recursing through directories. (It sounds trivial, but it is not, there are enough annoying details that this function saves huge amounts of time.) Very embarrassing that Haskell is missing this. How about a built-in function that represents a directory tree as a lazy Data.Tree? http://therning.org/magnus/index.php?tag=haskellpaged=3 Not really what you're looking for, but hopefully it's a good place to start. /M -- Magnus Therning (OpenPGP: 0xAB4DFBA4) magnus＠therning．org Jabber: magnus．therning＠gmail．com http://therning.org/magnus signature.asc Description: Digital signature ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
On Sat, 2007-10-13 at 14:37 -0700, Don Stewart wrote: I've seen similar results switching to the SIMD mersenne twister C implementation for randoms: http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/SFMT/index.html If there's interest, I can package up the bindings for hackage. I would definitely be interested. Many thanks, Thoralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
Thanks for the very clear explanation. More questions: What is the role of ? How is different to =? I am aware that = is used for sequencing parsers but that's all I know about it. Thanks, Paul At 22:28 13/10/2007, you wrote: On 10/13/07, PR Stanley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi do, what's its role? I know a few uses for it but can't quite understand the semantics - e.g. do putStrLn bla bla So, what does do, do? In this example, do doesn't do anything. do doesn't do anything to a single expression (well, I think it enforces that its return value is a monad...). It's only when you give it multiple expressions that it rewrites them into more formal notation. For example: do putStrLn bla putStrLn blah Will be rewritten into: putStrLn bla putStrLn blah It introduces a block of sequential actions (in a monad), to do each action one after another. Both of these (since they're equivalent) mean print bla *and then* print blah. do also allows a more imperative-feeling variable binding: do line - getLine putStr You said: putStrLn line Will be rewritten into: getLine = (\line - putStr You said: putStrLn line) Looking at the do notation again: execute getLine and bind the return value to the (newly introduced) variable 'line', then print You said: , then print the value in the variable line. You can think of the last line in the block as the return value of the block. So you can do something like: do line - do putStr Say something: getLine putStr You said: putStrLn line In this example it's kind of silly, but there are cases where this is useful. Luke ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
Disclaimer: I'm explaining all of this in terms of actions, which are only one way of looking at monads, and the view only works for certain ones (IO, State, ...). Without futher ado... An action does two things: it has a side-effect and then it has a return value. The type IO Int is an I/O action which does something then returns an Int. () :: m a - m b - m b x y first does x, *discards* its return value, then does y. You can see that the return value of x is discarded by the absence of the type variable a in the return value of (). So if you said: getLine putStrLn Hello This is an action which gets a line from the user and then throws it away, never to be retrieved again, only to print Hello. (=) :: m a - (a - m b) - m b But what if you want to do something with the return value? That's what (=) is for. (=) takes an action on its left side and a function which returns an action on its right, and then pipes one into the other. getLine = (\x - putStrLn x) This gets a line from the user and then executes the function on the right given the return value from getLine as an argument; i.e. x is bound to the return value of getLine. The above can also be written as: getLine = putStrLn Because of currying. This action echoes one line. Using this you can do more complex actions, like, for instance, adding two numbers: readLine = (\x - readLine = (\y - print (x + y))) Take a moment to grok that... Which you might like to write: do x - readLine y - readLine print (x + y) The parser sequencing thing is probably from the List monad (unless you're using Parsec or something). List was the first monad I really understood (before IO even), thanks to this great tutorial: http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Monads_as_containers Luke ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] do
Luke Palmer wrote: Using this you can do more complex actions, like, for instance, adding two numbers: readLine = (\x - readLine = (\y - print (x + y))) Take a moment to grok that... Which you might like to write: do x - readLine y - readLine print (x + y) you can leave out the parentheses and make it similarly readable, still without do (at least, readable once you get used to the style, which might look almost as weird as do-notation) readLine = \x - readLine = \y - print (x + y) Isaac ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Performance problem with random numbers
Don Stewart wrote: I've seen similar results switching to the SIMD mersenne twister C implementation for randoms: http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/SFMT/index.html If there's interest, I can package up the bindings for hackage. looks nice... at least for those of us who have non-old computer CPUs Is there a decent way to implement 'split'? A way that doesn't take too long to run, and produces fairly independent generators? Isaac ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] Filesystem questions
Yitzchak Gale wrote: Python also has os.walk, a very convenient functional (sort of) tool for recursing through directories. (It sounds trivial, but it is not, there are enough annoying details that this function saves huge amounts of time.) Very embarrassing that Haskell is missing this. See System.FilePath.Find in http://hackage.haskell.org/cgi-bin/hackage-scripts/package/FileManip-0.2 How about a built-in function that represents a directory tree as a lazy Data.Tree? Not a very good idea. Representing a directory structure as a tree makes people think they can manipulate it as if it were a tree, which leads to all kinds of nasty bugs when the real world bleeds through the holes in the abstraction. b ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
