Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

2013-12-01 Thread Mark Durenberger
To add to Dennis' info:  The KSTP antenna was/is a 179.4/179.4 and appears 
to be considered a Sectional rather than a Franklin by the FCC. 
Nit-picking' I guess.


Happy Holidays!

Regards,

Mark Durenberger


-Original Message- 
From: Dennis Gibson

Sent: Saturday, November 30, 2013 10:26 PM
To: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

KFI's original tower was there before the industrial complex was built. The 
new tower was built at the same place as the old and uses the same ground 
radials.


KFBK and the KSTP day site both use Franklin antennas, the only two in the 
country. A Franklin antenna consists of two 180 degree electrical height 
(one half wavelength) antennas separated by an insulator, stacked vertically 
and fed at the center. The top half radiates and the bottom half is the 
ground. There are no ground radials.


Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2013 13:50:34 -0800 (PST)
From: Stephen Airy pianoplayer88...@yahoo.com
To: w7...@yahoo.com, irca@hard-core-dx.com
Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

I've been recently wondering about this myself (short-radial efficiency, or 
lack thereof), but more from the standpoint of low-power part 15 
transmitting setups.  One example I'm thinking of is such that the total 
length of the antenna AND all ground radials is 3 meters, and does it make 
much difference if you use a base-fed radiator with radials vs a center-fed 
segmented short dipole without radials. (The rule in 15.219 specifies the 
antenna, transmission line, and ground lead cannot exceed 3 meters.) 
There's other scenarios I'm wondering about, but I'll leave them off as I 
think it's beyond the scope of this list.


As for KFI, I believe the original tower was there long before the 
industrial complex was built. So, I think there could be ground radials 
there already, and the new tower was hooked up to them?  Or maybe they have 
another way of grounding it. KFI *is* a few dB weaker at my house than KNX, 
in spite of being 12 miles closer (99 vs 111).  I think it's primarily the 
partial saltwater path for KNX in my case, though.  At a friend's house in 
Moreno Valley, as well as at my grandma's house in San Gabriel, KFI is 
considerably stronger, like 10-15 dB.


There is a very efficient station that I believe doesn't have ground 
radials - 1530 KFBK in Sacramento, CA.  Also I suspect 1500 KSTP St Paul, 
MN's daytime site may also not have ground radials, but I'm not totally 
positive on that one.


73, Stephen

Sent from my iPad
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the 
original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the 
IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers


For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com 


___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Paul B. Walker, Jr.
Date: 26 Nov 2013
Time: 1259UTC
Location: Japan Yokosuka-city

http://youtu.be/Qsh2lrpCqxo
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Nick Hall-Patch
Thanks for posting this Paul.   1300UT on 26 November at this 
location, conditions were pretty poor for Asiatic signals, but then I 
wasn't listening from Dallas.   On the other hand, a signal from 
Dallas to Japan passes pretty much overhead at my location.


I wonder what antenna was being used?  Yokusaka is coastal, but it's 
also seems to be part of greater Tokyo...


best wishes,

Nick



At 16:39 01-12-13, you wrote:

Date: 26 Nov 2013
Time: 1259UTC
Location: Japan Yokosuka-city

http://youtu.be/Qsh2lrpCqxo
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the 
original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of 
the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers


For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] TP DX for Dec 1

2013-12-01 Thread Bruce Portzer
Today's conditions were about the same as yesterday's, with below 
average signals from the major players.


Good - Mostly understandable by a native speaker
1566HLAZ, CC talk briefly peaking 1525, otherwise fair-nil today

Fair - Some of it understandable by a native speaker
774JOUB, English lessons 1324, understandable for a minute or so
1557Taiwan (presumed), pop music  woman in Chinese 1513-1521
1575VOA talk in SEA language 1504

Poor - murmurings and mumblings in the splatter
594JOAK, faint talk 1255 and 1508, otherwise mostly just a carrier 
at best

693JOAB, weak male talk 1304
747JOIB, time pips 1300, weak talk 1302
972KBS, 1421 man and woman talking
1422bits of talk 1518
1602partial NHK time pips 1500
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

2013-12-01 Thread Forrest Skaine
Did you mean that KSTP night facilities?  I'm just trying to understand
because I'm just an amateur. If it is their day facilities is it because
that tower is taller than most?
Confused,
Todd in Woodbury Mn
Sony ICF 2010, Toyota car radio
On Dec 1, 2013 8:37 AM, Mark Durenberger ma...@durenberger.com wrote:

 To add to Dennis' info:  The KSTP antenna was/is a 179.4/179.4 and appears
 to be considered a Sectional rather than a Franklin by the FCC.
 Nit-picking' I guess.

 Happy Holidays!

 Regards,

 Mark Durenberger


 -Original Message- From: Dennis Gibson
 Sent: Saturday, November 30, 2013 10:26 PM
 To: irca@hard-core-dx.com
 Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

 KFI's original tower was there before the industrial complex was built.
 The new tower was built at the same place as the old and uses the same
 ground radials.

 KFBK and the KSTP day site both use Franklin antennas, the only two in the
 country. A Franklin antenna consists of two 180 degree electrical height
 (one half wavelength) antennas separated by an insulator, stacked
 vertically and fed at the center. The top half radiates and the bottom half
 is the ground. There are no ground radials.

 Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2013 13:50:34 -0800 (PST)
 From: Stephen Airy pianoplayer88...@yahoo.com
 To: w7...@yahoo.com, irca@hard-core-dx.com
 Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

 I've been recently wondering about this myself (short-radial efficiency,
 or lack thereof), but more from the standpoint of low-power part 15
 transmitting setups.  One example I'm thinking of is such that the total
 length of the antenna AND all ground radials is 3 meters, and does it make
 much difference if you use a base-fed radiator with radials vs a center-fed
 segmented short dipole without radials. (The rule in 15.219 specifies the
 antenna, transmission line, and ground lead cannot exceed 3 meters.)
 There's other scenarios I'm wondering about, but I'll leave them off as I
 think it's beyond the scope of this list.

 As for KFI, I believe the original tower was there long before the
 industrial complex was built. So, I think there could be ground radials
 there already, and the new tower was hooked up to them?  Or maybe they have
 another way of grounding it. KFI *is* a few dB weaker at my house than KNX,
 in spite of being 12 miles closer (99 vs 111).  I think it's primarily the
 partial saltwater path for KNX in my case, though.  At a friend's house in
 Moreno Valley, as well as at my grandma's house in San Gabriel, KFI is
 considerably stronger, like 10-15 dB.

 There is a very efficient station that I believe doesn't have ground
 radials - 1530 KFBK in Sacramento, CA.  Also I suspect 1500 KSTP St Paul,
 MN's daytime site may also not have ground radials, but I'm not totally
 positive on that one.

 73, Stephen

 Sent from my iPad
 ___
 IRCA mailing list
 IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
 http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

 Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the
 original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the
 IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers

 For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

 To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
 ___
 IRCA mailing list
 IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
 http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

 Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the
 original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the
 IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers

 For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

 To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com


___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] WWV Solar Report

2013-12-01 Thread NOAA WWV
:Product: Geophysical Alert Message wwv.txt
:Issued: 2013 Dec 01 2105 UTC
# Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center
#
#  Geophysical Alert Message
#
Solar-terrestrial indices for 01 December follow.
Solar flux 131 and estimated planetary A-index 11.
The estimated planetary K-index at 2100 UTC on 01 December was 1.
No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours.
No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Trends -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Date 30   30   30   30   30   30   01   01   01   01   01   01   01   01
UTC  0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100  0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100
SFlx 129  129  129  129  129  131  131  131  131  131  131  131  131  131
A-in 888887999999911
K-in 12222243332311
Current Solar information available at http://www.am-dx.com/wwv.htm



___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] TP 1 Dec, Victoria version

2013-12-01 Thread Nick Hall-Patch
Not a great morning, but it did seem somewhat better than yesterday, 
a little unlike Bruce's impression.


pretty darn good audio (all of it understandable by a native speaker, 
at least briefly):


not yet



Reasonable audio  at  times during the period (much of it 
understandable by a native speaker, though often battling w/splash or noise):


594 JOAK man in JJ 1521-2UT
774 JOUB man in JJ 1330UT
972 HLCA woman in KK 1537UT
1566 HLAZ man in CC 1520UT



not so reasonable audio, occasional words or phrases in splash or 
noise could be understood by a native speaker:


567 JOIK man in JJ 1522UT //594
747 JOIB man in JJ //774 1331UT, then EE lessons
828 JOBB EE lessons 1424UT


Burbles in the splatter and noise (if lucky, language might be 
guessed at by cadence of talk, or parallel established by changes in 
talk or music) :


1269 unID, man talking 1523UT, couldn't tell if //1287, as that 
frequency was a mess by this time, deep voiced man, and a woman w/JJ 
intonation; before 1500UT it was usually just someone sounding JJ if 
anything faded up at all


Strongish het, no or near imaginaryaudio (either undermodulated or 
ravaged by splatter):


891 1116 1134 1323 1332 1404 1422 1494 1584 1602



best wishes,

Nick

___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

2013-12-01 Thread Dennis Gibson
Yes indeed. They are 179.4 degrees. Scott Fybush once wrote that it is a 
Franklin. We got a tour of the KSTP day site during the joint convention and I 
think he called it a Franklin then. Perhaps there is a difference of opinion. A 
unique and extremely efficient antenna no matter want you call it. 

Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:36:35 -0600
From: Mark Durenberger ma...@durenberger.com
To: Mailing list for the International Radio Club of America
   irca@hard-core-dx.com
Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

To add to Dennis' info:  The KSTP antenna was/is a 179.4/179.4 and appears 
to be considered a Sectional rather than a Franklin by the FCC. 
Nit-picking' I guess.

Happy Holidays!

Regards,

Mark Durenberger

Sent from my iPad
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Hiroyuki Okamura

Hello Everyone!
Thank you for letting me look at my youtube.
My useing antenna is 1.1m Diameter Loop Antenna
Head Preamp is BCL-LOOP 9.3 Low Noise Amp.
BCL-LOOP 9.3 is made in Japan.
http://fast-uploader.com/file/6939343904238/

Hiroyuki Okamura Japan Yokosuka-city


___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] WWV Solar Report

2013-12-01 Thread NOAA WWV
:Product: Geophysical Alert Message wwv.txt
:Issued: 2013 Dec 02 0005 UTC
# Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center
#
#  Geophysical Alert Message
#
Solar-terrestrial indices for 01 December follow.
Solar flux 131 and estimated planetary A-index 10.
The estimated planetary K-index at  UTC on 02 December was 1.
No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours.
No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Trends -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Date 30   30   30   30   30   01   01   01   01   01   01   01   01   02
UTC  0900 1200 1500 1800 2100  0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 
SFlx 129  129  129  129  131  131  131  131  131  131  131  131  131  131
A-in 88887999999911   10
K-in 22222433323111
Current Solar information available at http://www.am-dx.com/wwv.htm



___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] 1710 Pirate

2013-12-01 Thread Karl Zuk
Pirate heard on 1710 AM at 0815 pm ELT 0115 UTC 1 Dec / 2 Dec 2013.

Two guys calling themselves Radio Free (mumbles).

Music was distorted metal appropriate to teenage polar bears.

In noise along with the usual suspects on 1710 while driving by Danbury, CT on 
I-84.

Coming in via skywave with reasonable QSB.

Karl Zuk   N2KZ 
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

2013-12-01 Thread Dennis Gibson
180 degree (or vicinity) towers are uncommon; especially on the low end of the 
band. Many are used by 50 KW stations. The KSTP night signal is directional 
with a sharp null to the east southeast to protect WFED in Washington DC. For 
some reason the three night towers are different heights; 216.5 degrees (184 
degrees and 32.5 degrees of top loading), 184 degrees and 160 degrees. I don't 
know why. 

For reference 180 degrees is one half wavelength and 90 degrees (very common) 
is one quarter wavelength. Here's an interesting chart.

http://www.eriinc.com/Files/fc/fcec575c-5a91-455b-bcfa-5b8bf0d5ff1b.pdf

Here's a wavelength converter to change degrees to height or vice versa. All AM 
tower heights on the FCC website are in electrical degrees.

http://www.jampro.com/uploads/tech_calc/wavelength.htm

Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2013 13:02:30 -0600
From: Forrest Skaine todftscytj7...@gmail.com
To: IRCA Mailing list for the International Radio Club of America
   irca@hard-core-dx.com
Subject: Re: [IRCA] Short antenna radials

Did you mean that KSTP night facilities?  I'm just trying to understand
because I'm just an amateur. If it is their day facilities is it because
that tower is taller than most?
Confused,
Todd in Woodbury Mn

Sent from my iPad
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Mike Sanburn
Very nice catch!  ms

 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2013 10:20:00 +0900
 From: qwr01...@nifty.com
 To: irca@hard-core-dx.com
 Subject: Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.
 
 Hello Everyone!
 Thank you for letting me look at my youtube.
 My useing antenna is 1.1m Diameter Loop Antenna
 Head Preamp is BCL-LOOP 9.3 Low Noise Amp.
 BCL-LOOP 9.3 is made in Japan.
 http://fast-uploader.com/file/6939343904238/
 
 Hiroyuki Okamura Japan Yokosuka-city
 
 
 ___
 IRCA mailing list
 IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
 http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca
 
 Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
 contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
 editors, publishing staff, or officers
 
 For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org
 
 To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
 
  
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Hiroyuki Okamura

Tnx! Steve and Mike
I live in a residential area. RX is the WinRadio G-33DDC. I will attach 
a photo of the antenna.

___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



Re: [IRCA] KBXD 1480 Dallas, TX heard in Japan.

2013-12-01 Thread Nick Hall-Patch
Is your antenna located near the ocean, 
Okamura-san?  That was a good signal from KBXD.


I DX'ed from Erimo Misaki in Hokkaido at the end 
of April 2007, with a Wellbrook ALA100 loop 
antenna.  Perhaps that was too late in the DX 
season, but I did identify KKOL-1300.



best wishes,

Nick Hall-Patch



At 01:20 02-12-13, you wrote:
Hello Everyone! Thank you for letting me look at 
my youtube. My useing antenna is 
1.1m Diameter Loop Antenna Head Preamp is 
BCL-LOOP 9.3 Low Noise Amp. BCL-LOOP 9.3 is made 
in Japan. 
http://fast-uploader.com/file/6939343904238/ 
Hiroyuki Okamura Japan Yokosuka-city 
___ 
IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com 
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca 
Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing 
list are those of the original contributors and 
do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the 
IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers 
For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org 
To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com /x-flowed




___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] Alberta TP/DU for 1 Dec 2013

2013-12-01 Thread Nigel Pimblett
 I'd rate this morning as slightly better than yesterday, with the 
upper end at least having some marginal audio, and the lower end with 
mostly the same stations as yesterday, but with slightly improved signal 
levels.  In fact 693 was actually good at times.
   In total I had audio from Japan on 594,693,74,  828, VOA on 1575m 
marginal signals from presumed Korea on 1566 and China on 1593, and 
traces of audio on 585.



73,

Nigel Pimblett
Dunmore ,Alberta
___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com



[IRCA] WELO 580 good signal tonight

2013-12-01 Thread amdxer


Suspect WELO is on day power tonight. They are in
good with UC type format playing a mix of oldies and xmas
music.  ID at TOH mentions 104.3 FM, black male
announcer.

Tom Jasinski
Joliet, IL

___
IRCA mailing list
IRCA@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca

Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original 
contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its 
editors, publishing staff, or officers

For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org

To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com