[IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be happy to visit them. 73, Les Rayburn, N1LF 121 Mayfair Park Maylene, AL EM63nf Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. > On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: > > This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the > maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or > do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum > signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. > > And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW. > > 73, Glenn > > > On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: > > Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station > To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org > Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM > > I just checked 1500khz again this > afternoon and as > mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the > noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum > QX > Pro located in the attic. > > Tom Jasinski > Joliet, IL > > ___ > Now accepting Pre-orders for the > 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log > http://www.nrcdxas.org ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
The 1500 noise is stronger here, in Acworth GA tonight. I went out and repeated the 320 (magnetic N reference). On the SDR, the noises are on either side of 1500, leading me to believe that this is not a spur from 1490 or 1510. This is someone on 1500. In my 37 years as a broadcast engineer, I have encountered a few older transmitters that would "radiate" even when the high voltage was off. Normally this only goes a few miles, if it radiates at all. This typically goes away when the high voltage is "on". (So, the issue may not be apparent during the normal operation of the station.) I do not think this has anything to do with WFED. I suspect that it is someone with an older transmitter on 1500, they may be signing off, but the TX may continue to radiate some sort of trash. Given a relatively 'vacant' channel (relatively speaking---if there is such a thing anymore) a few dozen watts can travel a surprising distance at night I have heard WPOT here "after hours", so could be them, or someone in W. Kentucky, maybe S. Illinois. Although WPOT seems a bit to far west from what I am seeing here. Robert LaFore, Acworth GA On 2/10/2016 6:47 PM, Les Rayburn wrote: We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be happy to visit them. 73, Les Rayburn, N1LF 121 Mayfair Park Maylene, AL EM63nf Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW. 73, Glenn On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM I just checked 1500khz again this afternoon and as mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum QX Pro located in the attic. Tom Jasinski Joliet, IL ___ Now accepting Pre-orders for the 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log http://www.nrcdxas.org ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
Les: Read my previous email with the link to a jpg with area stations marked. Chuck From: IRCA on behalf of Les Rayburn Sent: Wednesday, February 10, 2016 11:47 PM To: Name missing - wghauser@yahoo_com Cc: ABDX Yahoo Group - abdx@yahoogroups_com; Name missing - dxld@yahoogroups_com; National Radio Club NRC am@nrcdxas_org; IRCA Radio List - irca@hard-core-dx_com; amd...@core.com Subject: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be happy to visit them. 73, Les Rayburn, N1LF 121 Mayfair Park Maylene, AL EM63nf Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. > On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: > > This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the > maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or > do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum > signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. > > And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW. > > 73, Glenn > > > On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: > > Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station > To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org > Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM > > I just checked 1500khz again this > afternoon and as > mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the > noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum > QX > Pro located in the attic. > > Tom Jasinski > Joliet, IL > > ___ > Now accepting Pre-orders for the > 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log > http://www.nrcdxas.org ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
Chuck, I saw the JPEG image. Which stations would you liked checked out? Les Rayburn, director High Noon Media Services 130 1st Avenue West Alabaster, AL 35007-8536 205-621-7500 205-621-7505 FAX 205-253-4867 CELL highnoonfilm.com [This message and any attached documents contain information from the sender that may be confidential and/or privileged. If you are not the intended recipient please notify the sender immediately by reply e-mail and then delete this message. Thank you.] > On Feb 10, 2016, at 7:02 PM, Chuck Hutton wrote: > > Les: > > Read my previous email with the link to a jpg with area stations marked. > > Chuck > > From: IRCA on behalf of Les Rayburn > > Sent: Wednesday, February 10, 2016 11:47 PM > To: Name missing - wghauser@yahoo_com > Cc: ABDX Yahoo Group - abdx@yahoogroups_com; Name missing - > dxld@yahoogroups_com; National Radio Club NRC am@nrcdxas_org; IRCA Radio List > - irca@hard-core-dx_com; amd...@core.com > Subject: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP > > We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no > problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. > > If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be > happy to visit them. > > > > 73, > > Les Rayburn, N1LF > 121 Mayfair Park > Maylene, AL > EM63nf > > Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. > > Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, > Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. > > >> On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: >> >> This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the >> maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or >> do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum >> signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. >> >> And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW. >> >> 73, Glenn >> >> >> On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: >> >> Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station >> To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org >> Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM >> >> I just checked 1500khz again this >> afternoon and as >> mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the >> noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum >> QX >> Pro located in the attic. >> >> Tom Jasinski >> Joliet, IL >> >> ___ >> Now accepting Pre-orders for the >> 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log >> http://www.nrcdxas.org > > ___ > IRCA mailing list > IRCA@hard-core-dx.com > http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca > > Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original > contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its > editors, publishing staff, or officers > > For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org > > To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com > > ___ > IRCA mailing list > IRCA@hard-core-dx.com > http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca > > Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original > contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its > editors, publishing staff, or officers > > For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org > > To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com > ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
Robert - I assume we can eliminate WDPC Dallas as they are just over the hill from you. Chuck From: IRCA on behalf of Robert LaFore Sent: Thursday, February 11, 2016 12:22 AM To: irca@hard-core-dx.com Subject: Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP The 1500 noise is stronger here, in Acworth GA tonight. I went out and repeated the 320 (magnetic N reference). On the SDR, the noises are on either side of 1500, leading me to believe that this is not a spur from 1490 or 1510. This is someone on 1500. In my 37 years as a broadcast engineer, I have encountered a few older transmitters that would "radiate" even when the high voltage was off. Normally this only goes a few miles, if it radiates at all. This typically goes away when the high voltage is "on". (So, the issue may not be apparent during the normal operation of the station.) I do not think this has anything to do with WFED. I suspect that it is someone with an older transmitter on 1500, they may be signing off, but the TX may continue to radiate some sort of trash. Given a relatively 'vacant' channel (relatively speaking---if there is such a thing anymore) a few dozen watts can travel a surprising distance at night I have heard WPOT here "after hours", so could be them, or someone in W. Kentucky, maybe S. Illinois. Although WPOT seems a bit to far west from what I am seeing here. Robert LaFore, Acworth GA On 2/10/2016 6:47 PM, Les Rayburn wrote: > We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no > problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. > > If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be > happy to visit them. > > > > 73, > > Les Rayburn, N1LF > 121 Mayfair Park > Maylene, AL > EM63nf > > Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. > > Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, > Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. > > >> On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: >> >> This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the >> maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or >> do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum >> signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. >> >> And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW. >> >> 73, Glenn >> >> >> On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: >> >> Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station >> To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org >> Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM >> >> I just checked 1500khz again this >> afternoon and as >> mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the >> noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum >> QX >> Pro located in the attic. >> >> Tom Jasinski >> Joliet, IL >> >> ___ >> Now accepting Pre-orders for the >> 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log >> http://www.nrcdxas.org > ___ > IRCA mailing list > IRCA@hard-core-dx.com > http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca > > Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original > contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its > editors, publishing staff, or officers > > For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org > > To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com > ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
Chuck, I've heard WDPC s/off several times during this hunt and the noise doesn't belong to them. Rob Keeney Goose Creek SC em92xx On Fri, Feb 12, 2016 at 2:39 AM, Chuck Hutton wrote: > Robert - > > I assume we can eliminate WDPC Dallas as they are just over the hill from > you. > > Chuck > > > From: IRCA on behalf of Robert LaFore < > rdlaf...@gmail.com> > Sent: Thursday, February 11, 2016 12:22 AM > To: irca@hard-core-dx.com > Subject: Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP > > The 1500 noise is stronger here, in Acworth GA tonight. I went out and > repeated the 320 (magnetic N reference). > > On the SDR, the noises are on either side of 1500, leading me to believe > that this is not a spur from 1490 or 1510. This is someone on 1500. > > In my 37 years as a broadcast engineer, I have encountered a few older > transmitters that would "radiate" even when the high voltage was off. > Normally this only goes a few miles, if it radiates at all. This > typically goes away when the high voltage is "on". (So, the issue may > not be apparent during the normal operation of the station.) > > I do not think this has anything to do with WFED. > > I suspect that it is someone with an older transmitter on 1500, they may > be signing off, but the TX may continue to radiate some sort of trash. > Given a relatively 'vacant' channel (relatively speaking---if there is > such a thing anymore) a few dozen watts can travel a surprising distance > at night > > I have heard WPOT here "after hours", so could be them, or someone in W. > Kentucky, maybe S. Illinois. Although WPOT seems a bit to far west from > what I am seeing here. > > Robert LaFore, Acworth GA > > On 2/10/2016 6:47 PM, Les Rayburn wrote: > > We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no > problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. > > > > If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll > be happy to visit them. > > > > > > > > 73, > > > > Les Rayburn, N1LF > > 121 Mayfair Park > > Maylene, AL > > EM63nf > > > > Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. > > > > Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, > Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. > > > > > >> On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: > >> > >> This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the > maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, > or do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum > signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. > >> > >> And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW.. > >> > >> 73, Glenn > >> > >> > >> On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: > >> > >> Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station > >> To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org > >> Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM > >> > >> I just checked 1500khz again this > >> afternoon and as > >> mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the > >> noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum > >> QX > >> Pro located in the attic. > >> > >> Tom Jasinski > >> Joliet, IL > >> > >> ___ > >> Now accepting Pre-orders for the > >> 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log > >> http://www.nrcdxas.org > > ___ > > IRCA mailing list > > IRCA@hard-core-dx.com > > http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca > > > > Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the > original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the > IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers > > > > For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org > > > > To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com > > > > ___ > IRCA mailing list > IRCA@hard-core-dx.com > http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca > > Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the > original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the > IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers > > For more information: http://www.irc
Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP
Agreed WDPC is not the source. Here is shows "skywave" character.in that it fades in and fades out On 2/12/2016 6:02 AM, Rob Keeney wrote: Chuck, I've heard WDPC s/off several times during this hunt and the noise doesn't belong to them. Rob Keeney Goose Creek SC em92xx On Fri, Feb 12, 2016 at 2:39 AM, Chuck Hutton wrote: Robert - I assume we can eliminate WDPC Dallas as they are just over the hill from you. Chuck From: IRCA on behalf of Robert LaFore < rdlaf...@gmail.com> Sent: Thursday, February 11, 2016 12:22 AM To: irca@hard-core-dx.com Subject: Re: [IRCA] 1500khz Mystery Station--ROAD TRIP The 1500 noise is stronger here, in Acworth GA tonight. I went out and repeated the 320 (magnetic N reference). On the SDR, the noises are on either side of 1500, leading me to believe that this is not a spur from 1490 or 1510. This is someone on 1500. In my 37 years as a broadcast engineer, I have encountered a few older transmitters that would "radiate" even when the high voltage was off. Normally this only goes a few miles, if it radiates at all. This typically goes away when the high voltage is "on". (So, the issue may not be apparent during the normal operation of the station.) I do not think this has anything to do with WFED. I suspect that it is someone with an older transmitter on 1500, they may be signing off, but the TX may continue to radiate some sort of trash. Given a relatively 'vacant' channel (relatively speaking---if there is such a thing anymore) a few dozen watts can travel a surprising distance at night I have heard WPOT here "after hours", so could be them, or someone in W. Kentucky, maybe S. Illinois. Although WPOT seems a bit to far west from what I am seeing here. Robert LaFore, Acworth GA On 2/10/2016 6:47 PM, Les Rayburn wrote: We have relatives in Tennessee, and get up into that area often. It’s no problem to take a road trip to that area and track down the station. If someone will provide me with a list of best possible “suspects”, I’ll be happy to visit them. 73, Les Rayburn, N1LF 121 Mayfair Park Maylene, AL EM63nf Member WTFDA, IRCA, NRC. Former CPC Chairman for NRC & IRCA. Elad FDM-S2 SDR, AirSpy SDR, Quantum Phaser, Wellbrook ALA1530 Loop, Wellbrook Flag, Clifton Labs Active Whip. On Feb 9, 2016, at 6:27 PM, Glenn Hauser wrote: This is getting more and more confusing. Tom, do you mean then that the maximum signal would be 90 degrees away from 170, i.e., 80 / 260 degrees, or do you mean that 170 degrees is the direxion of the maximum, not minimum signal? I thought you previously found it to be southward from you. And Les`s latest at 240 degrees is WSW from him in Maylene AL, not WNW.. 73, Glenn On Tue, 2/9/16, amd...@core.com wrote: Subject: Re: [NRC-AM] 1500khz Mystery Station To: irca@hard-core-dx.com, a...@nrcdxas.org Date: Tuesday, February 9, 2016, 11:51 PM I just checked 1500khz again this afternoon and as mentioned yesterday the "null" (minimum signal) for the noise is around 170 degrees. The antenna is a Quantum QX Pro located in the attic. Tom Jasinski Joliet, IL ___ Now accepting Pre-orders for the 36th Edition of the AM Radio Log http://www.nrcdxas.org ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff, or officers For more information: http://www.ircaonline.org To Post a message: irca@hard-core-dx.com ___ IRCA mailing list IRCA@hard-core-dx.com http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/irca Opinions expressed in messages on this mailing list are those of the original contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IRCA, its editors, publishing staff,
