Re: an online kernel crash book, and wondering what's deprecated

2012-09-26 Thread Rohan Puri
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 8:11 PM, Mulyadi Santosa
wrote:

> Hi Rob...
>
> On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:33 PM, Robert P. J. Day 
> wrote:
> >   along those lines, i'm just digging into ftrace and was wondering if
> > it in any way obsoleted systemtap, but i've heard from more than one
> > source that while ftrace is allegedly more powerful, systemtap still
> > has its place and is worth talking about.
>
> since systemtap is still included in Redhat Enterprise Linux, I could
> firmly say SystemTap is still highly relevant these days. So is
> kdump/kexec.
>
> >   so ... if one was going to put together a (small) toolbox of kernel
> > debugging tools, what's worth covering?  interested in any feedback.
>
> IMHO, the most important part is the art of understanding oops message
> and its related stack trace.
>
> I agree :)

> Or worst, what if the system just hangsdivide and conquer things
> like disabling acpi, sysrq, might be the skills we need here.
>
> Not sure if you agree with me here, but I just deliver my ideas.
>
>
>
> --
> regards,
>
> Mulyadi Santosa
> Freelance Linux trainer and consultant
>
> blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
> training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com
>
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- Rohan
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Re: starting to patch kernel

2012-09-26 Thread Constantine Shulyupin
Most of work in drivers is very HW or application specific and
unfortunately is not suitable for up-streaming .
A few of my experience I've converted to LDT - Linux Driver Template:
https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md
I would be very glad to receive your feedback. BTW, the code passed
checkpatch.pl.

Thank you!

On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 10:37 PM, Greg Kroah-Hartman  wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 10:21:44PM +0200, Constantine Shulyupin wrote:
>> Hi
>>
>> I am experienced embedded Linux driver developer. I have some spare
>> time which I want to contribute to mainstream Linux kernel.
>
> How about working to get some of the drivers you have worked on upstream
> properly?  That would be a good task that you would know a lot about,
> right?
>
> good luck,
>
> greg k-h



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Re: starting to patch kernel

2012-09-26 Thread Scott Lovenberg
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 4:21 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
wrote:

> Hi
>
> I am experienced embedded Linux driver developer. I have some spare
> time which I want to contribute to mainstream Linux kernel.
> Unfortunately  http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors/Todo is very old.
> Can you please suggest small tasks good for start? It can be code
> clean up, API updates.
>
> Thank you
>
> --
> Constantine Shulyupin
> http://www.MakeLinux.com/
> Embedded Linux Systems,
> Device Drivers, TI DaVinci
>
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You might want to ask Jeff Layton or Steve French (both CCed) about working
on some code in the NFS tree.  There's always a lot of stuff going on over
there.  The mailing list is somewhat active, too (at least for a file
system mailing list).  I don't know if that's anything you'd be interested
in, but I like to lurk there among other places.

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starting to patch kernel

2012-09-26 Thread Constantine Shulyupin
Hi

I am experienced embedded Linux driver developer. I have some spare
time which I want to contribute to mainstream Linux kernel.
Unfortunately  http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors/Todo is very old.
Can you please suggest small tasks good for start? It can be code
clean up, API updates.

Thank you

-- 
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Re: Missing __versions section on .ko

2012-09-26 Thread Pritam Bankar
On Mon, Sep 24, 2012 at 9:41 PM, Ramesh.P  wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Please see my comments inline.
>
> On Fri, Sep 21, 2012 at 2:39 PM, Pritam Bankar
>  wrote:
>> Hi Ramesh thanks for great pdf. From whatever I understood after
>> reading I fired command modinfo on my module and it gave output ,
>>
>> vermagic:   3.2.0-23-generic-pae SMP mod_unload modversions 686
>>
>> greping out vermagic. So I believe vermagic is behaving correctly.
>> What is 686 in output ?
> It represents the arch. the module is built for. In this case, it is 686.
>
>> Any other reason for missing __versions section ?
> The other reason for invalid format is mismatch in arch. like mips vs
> 686. It looks like you are trying to run this module on a 386 machine.
> Can you confirm you have recompiled the module on the kernel you are
> trying to link.
>
   Yes I am running this module on i386 machine and I am linking
compiled module on same kernel 3.2.0-23-generic-pae
   My module works perfectly on x86_64 machine which has same kernel
3.2.0-23-generic but without -pae
>>
>> On Wed, Sep 19, 2012 at 6:24 AM, Ramesh.P  wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> 'Invalid module' is typically thrown when you don't compile your
>>> module against the kernel you are linking into. I think __versions
>>> section is added by vermagic.o as part of build process. Please refer
>>> http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch02.pdf, Version dependency section
>>> for more details.
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>> Ramesh
>>>
>>> On Tue, Sep 18, 2012 at 7:10 AM, Pritam Bankar
>>>  wrote:
 On Tue, Sep 18, 2012 at 7:27 PM, Pritam Bankar
  wrote:
> Any idea what causes __versions section to get added in *.ko module. A
> simple hello.ko on ubuntu 12.04 i386 machine gets loaded successfully.
> Other module just doesn't get loaded giving error " Invalid module ".
> When I compared both modules with objdump -h I found __versions
> section was missing from second module and that can be the reason its
> not getting loaded. How can I add this section to other .ko ? What
> causes __versions to get added in ko ?


 I have compiled both modules with modpost and Module.symvers.


  Thanks,
  Pritam Bankar

 --

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>>
>>
>> --
>>
>> Pritam Bankar



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Re: getxattr field not initialized when trying to execute /init during boot

2012-09-26 Thread Peter Teoh
On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 5:08 PM, stl  wrote:
>
> Hello all,
> I am facing a problem when trying to boot linux 2.6.37 on a new architecture.
>
> At the end of the boot, it tries to launch /init by executing a sys_execve()
>
> Here is the what it does:
>
> sys_execve()
>   |-> do_execve()
>  |-> prepare_binprm()
>  |->security_bprm_set_creds()
> |->cap_bprm_set_creds()
>  |->get_file_caps()
>|->get_vfs_caps_from_disk()
>
>
> In the get_vfs_caps_from_disk(), these is a verification to know if
> inode->i_op->getxattr
> has been initialized.
>
> In my case, it returns and error value, because this field is not initialized.
>
> So I am wondering by who and where this field is initialized?
> And what is the aim of getxattr?
>

it is called extended attributes for filesystem:

http://lwn.net/2000/1026/a/extended-attributes.php3
http://lwn.net/Articles/12060/
http://lwn.net/Articles/12061/

(there is a detail explanation in above link as I copied it here):

+/*
+ * Extended attributes are stored on disk blocks allocated outside of
+ * any inode. The i_file_acl field is then made to point to this allocated
+ * block. If all extended attributes of an inode are identical, these
+ * inodes may share the same extended attribute block. Such situations
+ * are automatically detected by keeping a cache of recent attribute block
+ * numbers and hashes over the block's contents in memory.
+ *
+ *

and for security modules:

http://lwn.net/Articles/28223/

> Thanks in advance!
>
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Re: I/O event notification mechanism - select() or epoll() ?

2012-09-26 Thread Peter Teoh
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 7:49 PM, Rahul Bedarkar  wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I have to capture kernel udev events through libudev. One of API
> provides asynchronous events by reading on file descriptor. I found
> that there two ways to do that.
>
> 1) select call
>

I guessed when u called select() it will block, and so u can be very
efficient - doing nothing until necessary, but also resource being used up
- as the process is solely dedicated to listenting for event only.


> 2) epoll
>
> good thing is u can parallel process other stuff at the same time, if
after polling the replies from udev is not back yet.   but the bad thing is
response may not be so immediate, as u may be doing something else when the
udev event comes in.


> I also found that epoll is smarter and meant to replace old select call.
>
> What are your thoughts on these ? Which one is better ?
>
> Thanks
> Rahul B.
>
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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Robert P. J. Day

  you might extend the "clean:" target to *really* clean the generated
artifacts in that directory.  or perhaps introduce "distclean:".

rday

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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Mulyadi Santosa
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 10:21 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
 wrote:
> I've made test script less noise. Please update sources. The driver
> and the the test works with UART too.

Hi...

yup, less noise:
sudo ./ldt-test

stty: /dev/ttyS0: Input/output error
No loopback on /dev/ttyS0 detected, running ldt driver with UART in
loopback mode
LDT nonblocking read/write test passed
LDT blocking read/write test passed
LDT mmap test passed
LDT ioctl test passed
trace_stat.log saved
ftrace.log saved
kernel.log saved

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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Constantine Shulyupin
I've made test script less noise. Please update sources. The driver
and the the test works with UART too.

On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 5:04 PM, Robert P. J. Day  wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Sep 2012, Mulyadi Santosa wrote:
>
>> On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:03 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
>>  wrote:
>> > Readme and sources: https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md
>> >
>> > To run driver with test script just run:
>> >  git clone git://github.com/makelinux/ldt.git && cd ldt && ./ldt-test
>> >
>> > You feedback, suggestions, discussions, recommendations patched will
>> > be greatly appreciated!
>> >
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> I am the same person you probably see in LinkedIn :)
>>
>> Anyway, I use kernel 3.2.0-31-generic (Linux Mint 13) and when I run
>> 'sudo ldt-test', I got:
>> stty: /dev/ttyS0: Input/output error
>> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
>> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
>> No loopback on /dev/ttyS0 detected, running ldt driver with UART in
>> loopback mode
>> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
>> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
>>
>> is it due to I have no serial port?
>
>   i get the same error on ubuntu 12.04, and it's pretty clearly
> because my laptop has no actual serial port (something becoming more
> and more common these days).  i think you have to modify your examples
> to consider that possibility.
>
> rday
>
> --
>
> 
> Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
> http://crashcourse.ca
>
> Twitter:   http://twitter.com/rpjday
> LinkedIn:   http://ca.linkedin.com/in/rpjday
> 



-- 
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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Constantine Shulyupin
Yes, it is because you have no serial port. In this case LDT emulates loopback.

On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 4:48 PM, Mulyadi Santosa
 wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:03 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
>  wrote:
>> Readme and sources: https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md
>>
>> To run driver with test script just run:
>>  git clone git://github.com/makelinux/ldt.git && cd ldt && ./ldt-test
>>
>> You feedback, suggestions, discussions, recommendations patched will
>> be greatly appreciated!
>>
>
> Hi,
>
> I am the same person you probably see in LinkedIn :)
>
> Anyway, I use kernel 3.2.0-31-generic (Linux Mint 13) and when I run
> 'sudo ldt-test', I got:
> stty: /dev/ttyS0: Input/output error
> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
> No loopback on /dev/ttyS0 detected, running ldt driver with UART in
> loopback mode
> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
>
> is it due to I have no serial port?
>
> --
> regards,
>
> Mulyadi Santosa
> Freelance Linux trainer and consultant
>
> blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
> training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com



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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Robert P. J. Day
On Wed, 26 Sep 2012, Mulyadi Santosa wrote:

> On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:03 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
>  wrote:
> > Readme and sources: https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md
> >
> > To run driver with test script just run:
> >  git clone git://github.com/makelinux/ldt.git && cd ldt && ./ldt-test
> >
> > You feedback, suggestions, discussions, recommendations patched will
> > be greatly appreciated!
> >
>
> Hi,
>
> I am the same person you probably see in LinkedIn :)
>
> Anyway, I use kernel 3.2.0-31-generic (Linux Mint 13) and when I run
> 'sudo ldt-test', I got:
> stty: /dev/ttyS0: Input/output error
> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
> No loopback on /dev/ttyS0 detected, running ldt driver with UART in
> loopback mode
> dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
> output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
>
> is it due to I have no serial port?

  i get the same error on ubuntu 12.04, and it's pretty clearly
because my laptop has no actual serial port (something becoming more
and more common these days).  i think you have to modify your examples
to consider that possibility.

rday

-- 


Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
http://crashcourse.ca

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Re: Why a locked page must be copied in COW?

2012-09-26 Thread Peter Teoh
Let me share my thoughts from what I have read elsewhere (same concepts
below applies to many other OS like Solaris too, where a lot of the memory
concepts comes from) - in general understanding the principles so that u
will not get lost in the codes...which can be buggy as well:

a.COW:   the reason for this is to with efficiency and performance.
When u fork a process, the memory is shared between the parent and child
process, but when the parent or child start writing to the memory, the
sharing has to stop.   so that's the reason for "copy on write".   most of
the shared libraries are only for reading, so u can imagine the huge
saving, since multiple processes will be having a single physical copy of
library in memory.

b.   Locking pages:   generally, if both parent and child are sharing the
same page, then the page should have its write-protection enabled, so that
there is no need to duplicate the page, and there is assurance of reading
the page without fear of being modified.but if either party want to
write to it, then just make sure the page is first physically duplicated
into another page and then lock is removed, and now u have two unlocked
page accessible via two different process.

make sense?   all those PTE stuff is just making sure that the page is
readable from its respective process, as different process have different
page table.

Just sidetracking a little, this concept is also applicable to filesystem.

On Sat, Sep 15, 2012 at 10:51 PM, Parmenides wrote:

> Hi,
>
> The do_wp_page() implements the Copy-On-write approach. I have no idea
> about its doing concerning locked pages.
>
> static int do_wp_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct * vma,
> unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, pte_t pte)
> {
>
> old_page = pfn_to_page(pfn);   <-- old_page is in quesiton.
>
> ... ... ...
>
> if (!TestSetPageLocked(old_page)) {   <-- We test the 'PG_locked'
> flag of old_page.
>
> If it is not set, we can further check whether
>
> the page should be copied.
>
> int reuse = can_share_swap_page(old_page);
> unlock_page(old_page);
> if (reuse) {   <-- If only
> one
> process owns old_page, we should copy it.
> flush_cache_page(vma, address);
> entry =
> maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkyoung(pte_mkdirty(pte)),
>   vma);
> ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, page_table,
> entry, 1);
> update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
> pte_unmap(page_table);
> spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
> return VM_FAULT_MINOR;
> }
> }
> pte_unmap(page_table);
>
> /*
>  * Ok, we need to copy. Oh, well..
>  */   <-- At this
> point, we should copy old_page.
>
> ... ... ...
> }
>
> In conclusion, if old_page is locked or it is not locked and two or
> more  processes own old_page, we should copy it. I don't understand
> why a locked page must be copied regardless of how many processes own
> it. Why do we give a locked page a special consideration?
>
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Re: LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Mulyadi Santosa
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:03 PM, Constantine Shulyupin
 wrote:
> Readme and sources: https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md
>
> To run driver with test script just run:
>  git clone git://github.com/makelinux/ldt.git && cd ldt && ./ldt-test
>
> You feedback, suggestions, discussions, recommendations patched will
> be greatly appreciated!
>

Hi,

I am the same person you probably see in LinkedIn :)

Anyway, I use kernel 3.2.0-31-generic (Linux Mint 13) and when I run
'sudo ldt-test', I got:
stty: /dev/ttyS0: Input/output error
dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)
No loopback on /dev/ttyS0 detected, running ldt driver with UART in
loopback mode
dio.c:138 io_start FAIL errno = 5 "Input/output error" -1 = ret =
output(dev, inbuf, data_in_len)

is it due to I have no serial port?

-- 
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Mulyadi Santosa
Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com

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Re: an online kernel crash book, and wondering what's deprecated

2012-09-26 Thread Mulyadi Santosa
Hi Rob...

On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 6:33 PM, Robert P. J. Day  wrote:
>   along those lines, i'm just digging into ftrace and was wondering if
> it in any way obsoleted systemtap, but i've heard from more than one
> source that while ftrace is allegedly more powerful, systemtap still
> has its place and is worth talking about.

since systemtap is still included in Redhat Enterprise Linux, I could
firmly say SystemTap is still highly relevant these days. So is
kdump/kexec.

>   so ... if one was going to put together a (small) toolbox of kernel
> debugging tools, what's worth covering?  interested in any feedback.

IMHO, the most important part is the art of understanding oops message
and its related stack trace.

Or worst, what if the system just hangsdivide and conquer things
like disabling acpi, sysrq, might be the skills we need here.

Not sure if you agree with me here, but I just deliver my ideas.



-- 
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Mulyadi Santosa
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blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com

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I/O event notification mechanism - select() or epoll() ?

2012-09-26 Thread Rahul Bedarkar
Hi,

I have to capture kernel udev events through libudev. One of API
provides asynchronous events by reading on file descriptor. I found
that there two ways to do that.

1) select call
2) epoll

I also found that epoll is smarter and meant to replace old select call.

What are your thoughts on these ? Which one is better ?

Thanks
Rahul B.

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Re: an online kernel crash book, and wondering what's deprecated

2012-09-26 Thread Rohan Puri
On Wed, Sep 26, 2012 at 5:03 PM, Robert P. J. Day wrote:

>
>   in my online travels yesterday, i ran across this gem, "Linux Kernel
> Crash Book":
>
>   http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/crash-book.html
>
> and am now wondering about what would constitute a reasonable (and
> minimal?) list of canonical kernel debugging tools.
>
>   first, while the book above covers Linux Kernel Crash Dump (LKCD),
> the author freely admits that it's been pretty much obsoleted by the
> more recent and flexible kdump, so there seems to be little value in
> digging into LKCD (or, in my case, adding any coverage of it to a
> kernel debugging course, which i am currently designing).
>
>   next, someone else's course i'm teaching next week has a kernel
> debugging chapter which opens with netdump and diskdump before moving
> onto kdump and kexec, but those earlier utilities are *also*
> deprecated these days,
>
>
> http://serverfault.com/questions/181554/how-should-i-capture-linux-kernel-panic-stack-traces
>
> so i would be tempted to skip any coverage of netdump and diskdump in
> favour of additional and more advanced coverage of kdump and kexec.
>
>   along those lines, i'm just digging into ftrace and was wondering if
> it in any way obsoleted systemtap, but i've heard from more than one
> source that while ftrace is allegedly more powerful, systemtap still
> has its place and is worth talking about.
>
>   so ... if one was going to put together a (small) toolbox of kernel
> debugging tools, what's worth covering?  interested in any feedback.
>
> rday
>
> --
>
> 
> Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
> http://crashcourse.ca
>
> Twitter:   http://twitter.com/rpjday
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Hi Robert,

Good to know that you are preparing material. For linux kernel debugging, I
would love if you could include, kdb, kgdb and also their setup
environment, like now most people do development on Virtual Machine. So the
debugger needs to be setup on the VM and its serial port to the host
machine, where the debugging logs would be displayed.

- Rohan
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an online kernel crash book, and wondering what's deprecated

2012-09-26 Thread Robert P. J. Day

  in my online travels yesterday, i ran across this gem, "Linux Kernel
Crash Book":

  http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/crash-book.html

and am now wondering about what would constitute a reasonable (and
minimal?) list of canonical kernel debugging tools.

  first, while the book above covers Linux Kernel Crash Dump (LKCD),
the author freely admits that it's been pretty much obsoleted by the
more recent and flexible kdump, so there seems to be little value in
digging into LKCD (or, in my case, adding any coverage of it to a
kernel debugging course, which i am currently designing).

  next, someone else's course i'm teaching next week has a kernel
debugging chapter which opens with netdump and diskdump before moving
onto kdump and kexec, but those earlier utilities are *also*
deprecated these days,

http://serverfault.com/questions/181554/how-should-i-capture-linux-kernel-panic-stack-traces

so i would be tempted to skip any coverage of netdump and diskdump in
favour of additional and more advanced coverage of kdump and kexec.

  along those lines, i'm just digging into ftrace and was wondering if
it in any way obsoleted systemtap, but i've heard from more than one
source that while ftrace is allegedly more powerful, systemtap still
has its place and is worth talking about.

  so ... if one was going to put together a (small) toolbox of kernel
debugging tools, what's worth covering?  interested in any feedback.

rday

-- 


Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
http://crashcourse.ca

Twitter:   http://twitter.com/rpjday
LinkedIn:   http://ca.linkedin.com/in/rpjday




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LDT - Linux Driver Template

2012-09-26 Thread Constantine Shulyupin
Hi

I develop template of Linux driver. It can be used as sample for Linux
driver development beginners and starting point for development of new
drivers.

The driver uses following Linux facilities: module, platform driver,
file operations (read/write, mmap, ioctl, blocking and non-blocking
mode, polling), kfifo, completion, interrupt, tasklet, work, kthread,
timer, misc device, proc fs, UART 0x3f8, HW loopback, SW loopback

Readme and sources: https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/README.md

To run driver with test script just run:
 git clone git://github.com/makelinux/ldt.git && cd ldt && ./ldt-test

You feedback, suggestions, discussions, recommendations patched will
be greatly appreciated!

Thanks

-- 
Constantine Shulyupin
http://www.MakeLinux.com/
Embedded Linux Systems,
Device Drivers, TI DaVinci

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