Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Rahul Bedarkar
I have gone through LDD3 page 31. But it didn't answer my question. It
is describing module init and exit when manually loading driver and
removing it.
I want to know when one of auxdriver (selected in from menuconfig) is built
as built-in module. When and Who calls it's init function ?

Thanks,
Rahul

On Fri, Jan 4, 2013 at 6:52 PM, Tobias Boege tob...@gambas-buch.de wrote:

 On Fri, 04 Jan 2013, Rahul Bedarkar wrote:
  Hi,
 
  This may be stupid question.
 
  When we compile external module and insert it, it's init function is
 called
  and when we remove it, it's exit function gets called.
 
  What happens in case of built-in modules? When it's init and exit is
  called? May be take example of one of auxdriver.
 

 You can find relevant information in LDD3, pp. 31 ff.. Basically, there is
 no difference in the use of the init function (it's called at kernel
 startup, I suppose) but exit is simply discarded in this case, because if
 your module is built-in, it could never be removed.

 Regards,
 Tobi


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doesn't support DPO or FUA

2013-01-08 Thread Rahul Bedarkar
Hi,

When I attach pen-drive, I am seeing following logs. And when I
remove pen-drive, file system does not unmount for 10-15 secs.

[   35.183406] usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg
[   35.440812] usb 1-1: not running at top speed; connect to a high speed
hub
[   35.456740] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5572
[   35.479144] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2,
SerialNumber=3
[   35.501552] usb 1-1: Product: Cruzer Switch
[   35.513147] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[   35.535614] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 4C53250910112450
[   35.571416] scsi0 : usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[   36.619687] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk  Cruzer Switch
 1.20 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[   36.651795] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 3908352 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00
GB/1.86 GiB)
[   36.682780] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[   36.709971] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: disabled, read cache:
enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[   36.756973]  sda: sda1


what is doesn't support DPO or FUA ? I am using Linux kernel 3.3.0.

Thanks,
Rahul B.
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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Rahul Bedarkar
Ok. in init/main.c we call do_basic_setup(). Where do_initcalls call each
of init functions from __early_initcall_end to __initcall_end. But I don't
know from where these values gets initialized.

On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Rahul Bedarkar rpal...@gmail.com wrote:

 I have gone through LDD3 page 31. But it didn't answer my question. It
 is describing module init and exit when manually loading driver and
 removing it.
 I want to know when one of auxdriver (selected in from menuconfig) is
 built as built-in module. When and Who calls it's init function ?

 Thanks,
 Rahul

 On Fri, Jan 4, 2013 at 6:52 PM, Tobias Boege tob...@gambas-buch.dewrote:

 On Fri, 04 Jan 2013, Rahul Bedarkar wrote:
  Hi,
 
  This may be stupid question.
 
  When we compile external module and insert it, it's init function is
 called
  and when we remove it, it's exit function gets called.
 
  What happens in case of built-in modules? When it's init and exit is
  called? May be take example of one of auxdriver.
 

 You can find relevant information in LDD3, pp. 31 ff.. Basically, there is
 no difference in the use of the init function (it's called at kernel
 startup, I suppose) but exit is simply discarded in this case, because if
 your module is built-in, it could never be removed.

 Regards,
 Tobi


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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Dave Hylands
Hi,


On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 11:08 AM, Rahul Bedarkar rpal...@gmail.com wrote:

 Ok. in init/main.c we call do_basic_setup(). Where do_initcalls call each
of init functions from __early_initcall_end to __initcall_end. But I don't
know from where these values gets initialized.

If you look here:
http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/linux/init.h#L279

module_init is mapped to __initcall, which is in turn mapped to
device_initcall, which sets up a pointer in a section called .initcall6.init

If you then look in the kernel linker script:
http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S#L175

INIT_CALLS is defined here:
http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h#L633

and it defines the __initcall_start and __initcall_end symbols.

Dave Hylands
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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Rahul Bedarkar
Thanks Dave!

I just verified that from System.map. Between __early_initcall_end
and __initcall_end, there is list of init calls with levels from 0-7. What
is significance of these levels.

Thanks,
Rahul

On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 7:01 PM, Dave Hylands dhyla...@gmail.com wrote:

 Hi,



 On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 11:08 AM, Rahul Bedarkar rpal...@gmail.com wrote:
 
  Ok. in init/main.c we call do_basic_setup(). Where do_initcalls call
 each of init functions from __early_initcall_end to __initcall_end. But I
 don't know from where these values gets initialized.

 If you look here:
 http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/linux/init.h#L279http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/linux/init.h%23L279

 module_init is mapped to __initcall, which is in turn mapped to
 device_initcall, which sets up a pointer in a section called .initcall6.init

 If you then look in the kernel linker script:
 http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S#L175http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S%23L175

 INIT_CALLS is defined here:
 http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h#L633http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h%23L633

 and it defines the __initcall_start and __initcall_end symbols.

 Dave Hylands

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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Tobias Boege
On Tue, 08 Jan 2013, Rahul Bedarkar wrote:
 Ok. in init/main.c we call do_basic_setup(). Where do_initcalls call each
 of init functions from __early_initcall_end to __initcall_end. But I don't
 know from where these values gets initialized.
 

Take a look at include/linux/init.h. There you can find the macros for
declaring various init functions. They all go into special sections. The
rest is linker magic (e.g. arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds{,.S}).

 I want to know when one of auxdriver (selected in from menuconfig) is built
 as built-in module. When and Who calls it's init function ?

It's, too, in the init.h. There are two definitions of module_init()
depending on whether MODULE is declared or not. The first definition is
accompanied by a useful comment about where the init function is called in
either case.

Regards,
Tobi


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Need a tutorial about `write a simple file system` in linux

2013-01-08 Thread Madper
Hi all,
  Is there a good tutorial about how to write a simple file system?
  I know FUSE is easier. But I want to write a real filesystem based 
on disk.
  Any simple code example is ok.

--
Thanks,
Madper Xie.

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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread Dave Hylands
Hi Rahul,


On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 2:50 PM, Rahul Bedarkar rpal...@gmail.com wrote:

 Thanks Dave!

 I just verified that from System.map. Between __early_initcall_end and
__initcall_end, there is list of init calls with levels from 0-7. What is
significance of these levels.

The levels basically just control the order that the initcalls are made.
Basically, all level 0 functions are called befor level 1 functions, etc.

The meaning behind the levels can be discerned from the macros in init.h
http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/include/linux/init.h#L207

There is also some docs here:
http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.1/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl#L736

Dave Hylands
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Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture

2013-01-08 Thread Ganesh B
Creating Defconfig and menuconfig (options) for all in one system from kernel. 
I want a clean build rather than an external mount, most I found did not have 
documentation.
 
TnR,
Ganesh




 From: Mulyadi Santosa mulyadi.sant...@gmail.com
To: Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com 
Cc: Anuz Pratap Singh Tomar chambilketha...@gmail.com; 
kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org 
Sent: Tuesday, January 8, 2013 9:18 AM
Subject: Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture
 
Hi

On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 10:36 AM, Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com wrote:
 Hello,

 Any help with some doc's. I see a defconfig for all, but the tree is not
 clear. Any documentation support for this in .Kconfig and .defconfig?

Which config option you're not clear? Asking like this will only put
you in the blue, you know

-- 
regards,

Mulyadi Santosa
Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
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Re: Need a tutorial about `write a simple file system` in linux

2013-01-08 Thread Mulyadi Santosa
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 8:59 PM, Madper bbbo...@gmail.com wrote:
 Hi all,
   Is there a good tutorial about how to write a simple file system?
   I know FUSE is easier. But I want to write a real filesystem based
 on disk.
   Any simple code example is ok.

never write one, but usually whenever I need to check something about
filesystem, I check ramfs code.
-- 
regards,

Mulyadi Santosa
Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com

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Re: Need a tutorial about `write a simple file system` in linux

2013-01-08 Thread Grzegorz Dwornicki
I too would like to read tutorial like this.

Ramfs is not disk based.

Reading code of extX or other is a little pain... I was searching for
article like this on lwn but there are only tutorials about nondisk fs.

Greg
8 sty 2013 15:48, Mulyadi Santosa mulyadi.sant...@gmail.com napisał(a):

 On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 8:59 PM, Madper bbbo...@gmail.com wrote:
  Hi all,
Is there a good tutorial about how to write a simple file system?
I know FUSE is easier. But I want to write a real filesystem based
  on disk.
Any simple code example is ok.

 never write one, but usually whenever I need to check something about
 filesystem, I check ramfs code.
 --
 regards,

 Mulyadi Santosa
 Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

 blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
 training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com

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Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture

2013-01-08 Thread Anuz Pratap Singh Tomar
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 2:39 PM, Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com wrote:

 Creating Defconfig and menuconfig (options) for all in one system from
 kernel. I want a clean build rather than an external mount, most I found
 did not have documentation.

there is extensive documentation under Documentation/ directory in kernel
source.
on simple search I got this link about building kernel on knoppix:
 http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=422949seqNum=3
pretty much on most distribution, you  can install ncurses and go for make
menuconfig and then just make(i.e. if you are native compiling the kernel).
However the config for distributions are fairly complex these days, so you
may require to build few other things like initrd and create devices files
and all.  Please refer to distro documentation for knoppix:
http://knoppix.net/wiki/Main_Page

I would recommend that you read these guidelines before asking any question
on this list
http://kernelnewbies.org/mailinglistguidelines


 TnR,
 Ganesh

   --
 *From:* Mulyadi Santosa mulyadi.sant...@gmail.com
 *To:* Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com
 *Cc:* Anuz Pratap Singh Tomar chambilketha...@gmail.com; 
 kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org
 *Sent:* Tuesday, January 8, 2013 9:18 AM

 *Subject:* Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture

 Hi


 On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 10:36 AM, Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com wrote:
  Hello,
 
  Any help with some doc's. I see a defconfig for all, but the tree is not
  clear. Any documentation support for this in .Kconfig and .defconfig?

 Which config option you're not clear? Asking like this will only put
 you in the blue, you know


 --
 regards,

 Mulyadi Santosa
 Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

 blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
 training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com



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-- 
Thank you
Warm Regards
Anuz
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Re: Locating the keyboard driver (and replacing it)

2013-01-08 Thread Victor Rodriguez
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 9:28 AM, Peter Teoh htmldevelo...@gmail.com wrote:

 This article gave a very indepth coverage of the keyboard processing in
 linux:

 http://www.phrack.com/issues.html?issue=59id=14mode=txt


 http://www.gadgetweb.de/programming/39-how-to-building-your-own-kernel-space-keylogger.html

 Not sure about your architecture, but for my Lenovo laptop, when I do a
 cat /dev/input/by-path/platform-i8042-serio-0-event-kbd and redirect to a
 file, every single key input I entered is captured into the the file.

 Therefore, looking into the kernel source, we can infer the files
 drivers/input/serio/i8042.c are responsible for the keyboard processing.
 Of course, this file is compiled into the kernel, not as a kernel module.
 So if u want to make any changes, instead of recompile the kernel and
 rebooting, one way to do dynamically is called inline hooking - look
 elsewhere for this method.   It is explained in the following article:

 http://www.phrack.com/issues.html?issue=59id=14mode=txt

 but note the difference between the Phrack's interception and intercepting
 the API inside the i8042.c:   when you do a
 cat  /dev/input/by-path/platform-i8042-serio-0-event-kbd the keyboard
 entry is always captured - irregardless of whichever windows/terminal you
 are in.   But the Phrack's method is cleaner - it is intercepting at the
 tty (eg drivers/tty/n_tty.c:receive_buf() inside the kernel source) level -
 so if you switch over to another window, the input got switch away - it is
 thus targetted to only that TTY.

 And btw, USB keyboard's processing path is altogether different
 againanother

 http://www.lrr.in.tum.de/Par/arch/usb/download/usbdoc/usbdoc-1.32.pdf

 and perhaps u can read here many good writeups:

 http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=usb+keyboard+kernel


 On Fri1, Dec 14, 2012 at 3:46 PM, manty kuma mantyk...@gmail.com wrote:

 Hi,11


 I have written a small module that toggles the capslock LED. To
 demonstrate it i want to replace the Existing keyboard module with mine. I
 tried lsmod|grep key without any success. also checked /proc/modules. I
 couldnot find any clue regarding the name of the module i need to
 uninstall. So, How can i remove the existing keyboard module and insert
 mine?

 Regards,
 Manty



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Hi Manty

You can share the interrupt from keyboard , in the code above you just need
to change the number 10 for the number of your keyboard interrupt. You can
find that number in cat /proc/interrupts

  CPU0
  0:178XT-PIC-XTtimer
  1:   1301XT-PIC-XTi8042  this is the old keyboard
interrupt
  2:  0XT-PIC-XTcascade
  5:  16528XT-PIC-XTahci, Intel 82801AA-ICH
  8:  0XT-PIC-XTrtc0
  9:   2191XT-PIC-XTacpi, vboxguest
 10:488XT-PIC-XTeth0
 11: 25XT-PIC-XTohci_hcd:usb1
 12:697XT-PIC-XTi8042
 14:   3186XT-PIC-XTata_piix
 15:  0XT-PIC-XTata_piix


#include linux/kernel.h
#include linux/module.h
#include linux/interrupt.h
#include linux/init.h

struct tasklet_struct task;
unsigned long counter;

irq_handler_t irq_handler (int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
  counter++;

  printk (Top Half ISR is being hit counter = %d  !! \n,(int)counter);
  task.data = counter;
  tasklet_schedule(task);
  return (irq_handler_t) IRQ_HANDLED;
}

void bottom_half(unsigned long data)
{
  printk(Executing bottom half.. data = %d\n,(int)data+10);

}

static int init_intkey ()
{
  printk(Hi there \n);
  tasklet_init(task,bottom_half,(unsigned long)counter);
  request_irq (10,(irq_handler_t)irq_handler, IRQF_SHARED,
MyIrqHangingOfAtaDev, (void*)(irq_handler));
  return 0;
}

static void exit_intkey(void) {
  free_irq(10,(void*)(irq_handler));
  tasklet_kill(task);
  printk(Sayonara\n);
}

module_init(init_intkey);
module_exit(exit_intkey);

MODULE_LICENSE(GPL);


Hope it helps

Regards
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netlink execution context

2013-01-08 Thread Terry Hsu
Hello guys,

I have a question about the execution context of netlink. I am building a
loadable kernel module in my kernel. I try to use it as a netlink server to
receive the messages from user space. When the kernel module receives the
message from user space and starts to process, is it living in its own
context or it's actually borrowing the context of the current task?

I want to access functions in user space when the netlink module receives
the certain messages from user space. Is it possible to do so? Or it has to
live in syscall context? such as using clone to define where the child
process to start executing (function pointer as a parameter).

Thanks in advance!
Terry
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Re: Regarding module init function

2013-01-08 Thread anish kumar
On Tue, 2013-01-08 at 14:51 +0100, Tobias Boege wrote:
 On Tue, 08 Jan 2013, Rahul Bedarkar wrote:
  Ok. in init/main.c we call do_basic_setup(). Where do_initcalls call each
  of init functions from __early_initcall_end to __initcall_end. But I don't
  know from where these values gets initialized.
  
 
 Take a look at include/linux/init.h. There you can find the macros for
 declaring various init functions. They all go into special sections. The
 rest is linker magic (e.g. arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds{,.S}).
 
  I want to know when one of auxdriver (selected in from menuconfig) is built
  as built-in module. When and Who calls it's init function ?
 
 It's, too, in the init.h. There are two definitions of module_init()
 depending on whether MODULE is declared or not. The first definition is
How does the individual driver define this MODULE?I think some macro
magic works here.
 accompanied by a useful comment about where the init function is called in
 either case.
 
 Regards,
 Tobi
 
 
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Re: how to flush stdin buffer in linux

2013-01-08 Thread richard -rw- weinberger
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 6:20 PM, Niroj Pokhrel nirojpokh...@gmail.com wrote:
 Hi all,
 I tried to use fflush(stdin) in gcc as I used to in other compilers. But It
 didn't clear my buffer so I am wondering how can I clear the stdin buffer in
 GCC.
 I tried using lseek but got -EPIPE (as tty devices doesn't support lseek
 operation).
 Thanx in advance.

fflush(stdin) is undefined.

-- 
Thanks,
//richard

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Re: how to flush stdin buffer in linux

2013-01-08 Thread Tobias Boege
On Tue, 08 Jan 2013, Niroj Pokhrel wrote:
 Hi all,
 I tried to use fflush(stdin) in gcc as I used to in other compilers. But It
 didn't clear my buffer so I am wondering how can I clear the stdin buffer
 in GCC.
 I tried using lseek but got -EPIPE (as tty devices doesn't support lseek
 operation).
 Thanx in advance.

If it's a tty, you may want to use tcflush(fd, TCIFLUSH);

Regards,
Tobi


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Re: calling system call in arm from user space

2013-01-08 Thread Peter Teoh
On Wed, Dec 26, 2012 at 1:04 PM, Niroj Pokhrel nirojpokh...@gmail.comwrote:

 Hi,
 I have written a system call and build it with kernel for Arm
 architecture. However, I'm confused to use it to call it from the user
 space. As it is in x86, where we can simply call by using sycall() function
 and the return value is returned by the syscal() itself.
 In Arm, I tried to write an assembly language program and was able to call
 the system call using the assembly code but what I'm


care to show us how you called system call in assembly in ARM?


 confused is how to call this function using C program. I tried using
 inline assembly but it didn't work. Further, if I can implement it using
 inline assembly then return value will be in r0 and how can I move this
 value to the user variable.
 Thanking you in advance.


arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S (and kernel/calls.S) pair up together to
implement the pre-syscall and post-syscall wrapper as you have asked.
perhaps u can try to understand the code first?


 --
 Niroj Pokhrel
 Software Engineer,
 Samsung India Software Operations

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Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture

2013-01-08 Thread Ganesh B
I do not know why but whether ncurses or menuconfig the build fails at some 
modules (specially hardware architecture ones), specially at cross compiling 
architecture build stage. It went smoothly for same system architecture like 
i386 or x86 but not for arm or arm64.

Where is the doc's for Kernel defconfig and kconfig in Kernel.org? I am trying 
to make and edit each manually for each architecture and then run make all. The 
problem is it is not allowing me to assemble all sub-architectures for say arm 
or arm64 as a dynamic module. I have to specify and select each option 
(sub-hardware architecture) specifically during build of defconfig for the 
architecture. My x86 is also blocking the build at times. I did not get 
anything good on my google search.

w.r.t. Knoppix, Thank you, let me check the informit link for the architecture 
and usage relevance. 
 
TnR,
Ganesh




 From: Anuz Pratap Singh Tomar chambilketha...@gmail.com
To: Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com 
Cc: Mulyadi Santosa mulyadi.sant...@gmail.com; 
kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org 
Sent: Tuesday, January 8, 2013 8:44 PM
Subject: Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture





On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 2:39 PM, Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com wrote:

Creating Defconfig and menuconfig (options) for all in one system from kernel. 
I want a clean build rather than an external mount, most I found did not have 
documentation.
there is extensive documentation under Documentation/ directory in kernel 
source.
on simple search I got this link about building kernel on knoppix:
 http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=422949seqNum=3
pretty much on most distribution, you  can install ncurses and go for make 
menuconfig and then just make(i.e. if you are native compiling the kernel). 
However the config for distributions are fairly complex these days, so you may 
require to build few other things like initrd and create devices files and all. 
 Please refer to distro documentation for knoppix: 
http://knoppix.net/wiki/Main_Page

I would recommend that you read these guidelines before asking any question on 
this list
http://kernelnewbies.org/mailinglistguidelines


 
TnR,
Ganesh





 From: Mulyadi Santosa mulyadi.sant...@gmail.com
To: Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com 
Cc: Anuz Pratap Singh Tomar chambilketha...@gmail.com; 
kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org 
Sent: Tuesday, January 8, 2013 9:18 AM

Subject: Re: Cross Compiling a different architechture

Hi


On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 10:36 AM, Ganesh B ganeshsu...@yahoo.com wrote:
 Hello,

 Any help with some doc's. I see a defconfig for all, but the tree is not
 clear. Any documentation support for this in .Kconfig and .defconfig?

Which config option you're not clear? Asking like this will only put
you in the blue, you know


-- 
regards,

Mulyadi Santosa
Freelance Linux trainer and consultant

blog: the-hydra.blogspot.com
training: mulyaditraining.blogspot.com



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Re: /usr/ld Not enough room for program headers

2013-01-08 Thread Peter Teoh
On Sun, Jan 6, 2013 at 11:17 AM, horseriver horseriv...@gmail.com wrote:

 On Fri, Jan 04, 2013 at 11:34:24AM +0400, Игорь Пашев wrote:
  2013/1/4 horseriver horseriv...@gmail.com
  
   Not enough room for program headers
 
 


  Try to search the Web for this. E. g.:
  http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnu-utils/2002-08/msg00176.html

 thanks!

 in my compile option. I have specifiedmy ld-script file ,and there is no
 SIZEOF_HEADER in that file ,


can u show us your ld script?   according to the msg00176.html above, it is
possible to arise because u have place your other section wrongly (eg,
.text), and nothing to do with SIZEOF_HEADER.


 but where this error come from ?




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