Re: [LARTC] How to config ip in 2nd lan card in Linux pc and config ip masq?
Hi, --- "Md.Ahsanul Haque Chowdhury" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > (192.168.1.1). But after install the Linux 7.2 in how did you get a copy of Linux 7.2? ;) i'll safely assume thats RHL 7.2 ... > /etc/sysconfig/network- > scripts/ only showing ifcfg-eth0 no interface is > showing like ifcfg-eth1. 'netconfig' would be your best bet. Also, check dmesg, to see that you card has been detected. If the card is detected, you can copy ifcfg-eth0 to ifcfg-eth1 and make the appropriate changes. > & how to config ip masq to route to get Internet in > local workstations.? ...just use iptables to masq. your internal subnet; man iptables. suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Free Pop-Up Blocker - Get it now http://companion.yahoo.com/ ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Re: ctokens vs tokens - HTB.
Hi, --- Stef Coene <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Ctokens is used for the ceil, tokens is used for the > rate. tokens are used to > give a class a minimum bandwidth and ctokens are > used to give the class a > maximum bandwidth. okay. > For ctokens the ceil parameter is used, for tokens > the rate parameter. Thank you. > > 3) Would the ctokens and token be treated equally > once > > borrowed? > What do you mean with this ? Before that ... do ctokens and tokens have an equal capacity to transfer a packet; meaning can exactly one packet flow through, as long as, for every single ctoken or token? If this is true, then my question ... would a child class borrowing a token from the parent class treat a ctoken and a token equally? Meaning, are ctokens & tokens qualitatively the same and different only in the fact that ctokens are used at ceil rate and at normal rate a token is used? I am sorry if I am confusing you, but I am terribly confused, and I am just trying to understand things better :) Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
[LARTC] ctokens vs tokens - HTB.
Hi, One more of those ... 1) what is a ctoken with regard to HTB? Does the 'c' stand for ceil and if so how is it different from tokens? 2) Is the difference, only in the generation of these tokens? 3) Would the ctokens and token be treated equally once borrowed? Kindly help. Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
[LARTC] rate vs peakrate - TBF.
Hi, Can you please explain to me the difference between rate and peakrate, in conjucture to TBF. IMHO, rate : controls the no. of pkts flowing through the pipe, and peakrate : controls the no. of tokens flowing through the bucket. A funtion(?) of peakrate and mtu is rate. If this is true, why do I need to specify both peakrate and rate? Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
[LARTC] Understanding the U32 filter.
Hi, I am trying to understand filters. 1) Under the U32 section of the lartc howto there is an example (to match ACKs on packets smaller than 64 bytes): # tc filter add dev ppp14 parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 10 u32 \ match ip protocol 6 0xff \ match u8 0x05 0x0f at 0 \ match u16 0x 0xffc0 at 2 \ match u8 0x10 0xff at 33 \ flowid 1:3 The howto says 'the filter above does only work on 32 bit systems', can someone tell me why this is so? 2) Doesn't U32 only mean 32 bits are read at one time? 3) Also a 'match tcp dport 53 0x' also needs a 'match ip protocol 0x6 0xff' for differentiating between tcp and udp. Why is this so? The first match phrase uses the words "match tcp dport ..." so in the kernel memory shouldn't a equivalent entry be there; then why do I need a second protocol match rule? Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- Stef Coene <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > http://lartc.org/lartc.html#AEN939 ; the part that > > lists parameters in CBQ ... was wondering how > 'cell' > > can be defined. > If you bound a class, the class can never send more > then the configure rate. > So that's the ceil. If you add a sub class (not > bounded), that class has to > respect the rate (in this case also the ceil) of > it's parente. ! > And htb is maintained, while the cbq code is not. in my xp, that sure is a reason to be using it :) > Don't trust the help function :(. My tip : go to > http://docum.org, go to the > test pages and copy my cbq commands ,) okey! now I understand what you earlier meant by test pages. Was there, you syntax works ... which means the tc help isn't exhaustive, well that's a pity. Thank you. Do you have any pointers to where I can find a list of parameters configurable with a particular queue? > > Stef, I do really appreciate the time spent in > trying > > to help me. Thank you. > No problem. :) Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Exclusive Video Premiere - Britney Spears http://launch.yahoo.com/promos/britneyspears/ ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- Stef Coene <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > which (size of the packet) could vary, right? > > this would then lead to a dynamically sized queue, > is > > this how it works? > Yes, you can stor a a number of packets in a pfifo. > So the total queue length > (in bytes) can vary. yes! I understood something :) Thank you. > > okey, so can you please tell me, if I fail to be > the > > bottleneck, what maximum would happen ... IMO, I > could > > carry on shaping but not for that extra few bytes, > now > > available, right? > Most modems have a hugh queue to speed up downloads. > But that queue can kill > the shaping you did. So you have to be sure the > queue is never full. And > the only thing to do so is to never send more data > then the modem can handle. > So you have to make sure YOU are the bottleneck. yes, I have a proof-of-concept! ... meaning wrote a script that works but, waiting to take it 'live'. > > 'ceil' IMHO, is a little different from 'cell', > that > > the lartc howto talks about. > What part of the lartc howto ? http://lartc.org/lartc.html#AEN939 ; the part that lists parameters in CBQ ... was wondering how 'cell' can be defined. > > yeah, but the lartc howto talks about more ... so > was > > wondering! > One of the reasons why I like htb is you don't need > these confusing options. > And htb don't rely on the nic hardware to calculate > the actual rate. hmm, that's true. > > oops, I am sorry I meant according to the lartc > howto, > > there are few WRR parameters that need to be set > for > > CBQ!? > Ah the WRR schedule. I think one of these > parameters is the weight. Just > take weight = rate / 10. okey, but how do I set it ... Usage: ... cbq bandwidth BPS avpkt BYTES [ mpu BYTES ] [ cell BYTES ] [ ewma LOG ] ...this is what tc...help says, there isn't a weight parameter :( > If you add a class qdisc as the root qdisc, all > packets are queued in the > class less qdisc and processed. So you don't need a > filter. :) Stef, I do really appreciate the time spent in trying to help me. Thank you. Warm Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Exclusive Video Premiere - Britney Spears http://launch.yahoo.com/promos/britneyspears/ ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- Stef Coene <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > A qdisc is a queueing discipline : it's a queue for > packets. A class is > something virtual that hold some packets from that > queue. okey, I must say I have a better understanding of the differences now. Thank you. > > okey, so ideally for a bandwidth that varies (by > few > > bytes) cbq is the best available? > No, you will have the same problem with cbq :( so which kind of qdisc will be best for varing bandwidths? Thank you, Stef. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Exclusive Video Premiere - Britney Spears http://launch.yahoo.com/promos/britneyspears/ ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- "Michael T. Babcock" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > If I may Stef, a qdisc is short for a Queuing > Discipline. It determines > how a packet leaves itself. A FIFO qdisc is > basically what you have if > you don't use one at all; every packet comes in, > lines up, and spits out > in the same order. > > You can add classifiable queuing disciplines > however. Such a queuing > discipline allows you to add classes to it. Each > class is like a branch > in a tree. When you get to the end of the branch > you have a leaf and > that needs a queuing discipline again. > > Whether it would work or not is one thing, but > technically speaking, you > could add an HTB (classful) qdisc to eth0, then make > a tree of classes > under that. Then some of those could have SFQ or > RED qdisc's attached > to them (the end leaves of the tree) and others > could have another tree > added as HTB or CBQ even (also classful). yes! somebody does think like I do ... but isn't there a valid reason why a class is called a class and a qdisc called a qdisc?!? Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- Stef Coene <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > You have 2 types of qdiscs. The root qdisc is > attached to the device it self > and all packets are queued in this qdisc. If this > is a class-full qdisc > (like htb or cbq) you can add class. A class can > contain some packets. You > can stack the classes so you can add a class to a > class. So a packet enters > the root qdisc and is redirected to a class by a > filter. You need to create > your filters in such way that the packets are placed > in a class that contains > no other classes. This class is named a leaf class. all this is agreed ... > But the leaf class only contains the traffic and can > not send them. To do so, > you need to add a qdisc to that class. It's the > qdisc that will send the > packets. This can be a class-full qdisc so you can now, if you are saying a class differs from a qdisc in that it cannot send out packets and qdisc can ... i think that is not perfectly true, in that, if a fifo qdisc was attached as a child to a classful qdisc (say cbq) the fifo qdisc will not be able to send packets out directly, it has to dequeue to the parent and only the root can dequeue-out. > add classes, and restart > the setup. But that will be a waste of CPU cycles. > It's better to add a sfq > qdisc or a fifo. > > So, you have 1 root qdisc, some classes, some > special classes : leaf-classes > and an other set of qdiscs. > Pfifo holds packet, so the total bytes depends on > the size of your packets : which (size of the packet) could vary, right? this would then lead to a dynamically sized queue, is this how it works? > > 3) 'HTB is suited for fixed bandwidth' ... by > "fixed" > > what exactly is meant ... meaning can it be used ... > Fixed means that you always have the same bandwidth > available on the link. So > no burst. This is needed because you have to make > sure YOU are the > bottleneck so if you have a 1000kbit/s link, you > have to make sure you never > send more then 996kbit/s. > > > 4) Can somebody suggest which qdisc is most ideal > (for > > shaping and scheduling) in a n/w where the ISP > provies > > a (512Kbit) pipe, which is shared by multiple (4) > > clients but, an average of 45bytes can be expected > at > > any point in time (although, it might exceed > this)? > That's a difficult one, because YOU have to be the > bottleneck to get some good > shaping results. You can try the htb or the cbq > qdisc and take a higher ceil > then your link. You will not be the bottleneck and > loose some control. okey, so can you please tell me, if I fail to be the bottleneck, what maximum would happen ... IMO, I could carry on shaping but not for that extra few bytes, now available, right? > > 5) The lartc howto speaks about 'mpu' with > reference > > to TBF, and states "for ethernet, no packet uses ... > > Also, I am unable to see such a parameter when I > do a > > tc...help, for TBF. > Sorry, no idea. :) > > 6) Could you please define the 'cell' parameter in > a > > CBQ? > If you have a bounded class, the ceil is the rate. > If it's not bounded, the > ceil will be the rate of a bounded parent class. 'ceil' IMHO, is a little different from 'cell', that the lartc howto talks about. > > Also, I am unable to see maxburst, minburst, > minidle, > > mpu, rate parameter options when I do a ... for > ex. : > > 'tc qdisc add dev eth0 handle 1 root cbq help' > Just take some example tc commands and copy the > parameters you don't know. > The only parameters you have to change is rate and > weight. yeah, but the lartc howto talks about more ... so was wondering! > > 7) How do I set WRR, link sharing and borrowing > > parameters using TC? > Do you mean the wrr qdisc? See the homepage of the > wrr qdisc. oops, I am sorry I meant according to the lartc howto, there are few WRR parameters that need to be set for CBQ!? > > 8) Also, please pardon my ignorance but, do I need > a > > filter for a classless qdisc, cause if I were to > > attach a classless qdisc to the root qdisc then by > > default all packets enter this qdisc and I believe > I > > wouldn't have the scope to classify ... > right/wrong? > Do you mean adding a class qdisc as the root qdisc > or adding a class qdisc to > a root qdisc? If you replace the root qdisc with a > class less qdisc, you > don't need a filter. If you add the class root > qdisc to a root qdisc, you > need a root qdisc with classes and add the class > qdisc to a class. So you > need some filters to put the packets from the root > qdisc to the class where > the class qdisc is attached to. > More information on the subject can be found on > http://www.docum.org. IMHO, the root qdisc (by default) is a pfifo_fast (classless) qdisc ... which means if want a classful qdisc you would need to replace the default qdisc. By "replace", I mean attach it to root ... which then follows all packets 'enter here' ... which then gets me back to my original Q! have been to your site ... went
Re: [LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi, --- Damjan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > The qdisc is what actually does the job. Some qdiscs > allw you to define > classes in them, but the kernel doesn't care about > that. The kernel > delivers a packet to the qdisc and it up to it to > decide what to do with > it (classify the packet etc..) IMHO, classification is done by the filter within a classful qdisc; but, I was wondering why call a class inside a qdisc a class, why not call it a sub-qdisc, there must be something more to a class-vs-qdisc. > Since HTB takes bandwidth as parameters, to really > have any effect > you'll have to know how much bandwidth preciselly > you have. Like if you > have 128kbps ISDN, you must set HTB classes so that > cumulative rates of > the classes are not bigger that your real limit. If > not the shapping > will not be correct and precise. okey, so ideally for a bandwidth that varies (by few bytes) cbq is the best available? > Ethernet is not the same as TCP/IP! And TC can shape > other protocols > than IP. okey, this I didn't know :D Spent the day doing, OSI and 802.3! Should have taken Tanenbaum, during graduation seriously. Sorry about this question. Thank you, for all the help. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? Exclusive Video Premiere - Britney Spears http://launch.yahoo.com/promos/britneyspears/ ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
[LARTC] Explanation reqd. for few (more than few!) concepts in TC
Hi all, I am a system administrator trying to understand tc. I have been following the lartc documentation along with a few others. I am unable to understand few things explained in the howtos. Kindly help me with the same ... 1) Can somebody tell me the exact difference between a class and a qdisc? Martin Brown did try to explain to me but, I couldn't understand! 2) When we talk about pfifo, what is the 'pack size' understood to be; example, when I set limit to 10 (packets), how many bytes is my bucket? 3) 'HTB is suited for fixed bandwidth' ... by "fixed" what exactly is meant ... meaning can it be used where bandwidth is shared but at almost always a certain "fixed" bandwidth is available (even if available bandwidth exceeds, it will be by only a few bytes, for a short duration)? 4) Can somebody suggest which qdisc is most ideal (for shaping and scheduling) in a n/w where the ISP provies a (512Kbit) pipe, which is shared by multiple (4) clients but, an average of 45bytes can be expected at any point in time (although, it might exceed this)? 5) The lartc howto speaks about 'mpu' with reference to TBF, and states "for ethernet, no packet uses less than 64 bytes", can you please tell me whether 64 bytes is the least possible; meaning adding 20 bytes of IP and 28 bytes of TCP, I believed a TCP/IP packet with no payload could exist of 48 bytes, is this possible? and if a payload must be added, should it be 16 bytes atleast, can I not have a 52 byte ethernet packet? Kindly explain. Also, I am unable to see such a parameter when I do a tc...help, for TBF. 6) Could you please define the 'cell' parameter in a CBQ? Also, I am unable to see maxburst, minburst, minidle, mpu, rate parameter options when I do a ... for ex. : 'tc qdisc add dev eth0 handle 1 root cbq help' 7) How do I set WRR, link sharing and borrowing parameters using TC? 8) Also, please pardon my ignorance but, do I need a filter for a classless qdisc, cause if I were to attach a classless qdisc to the root qdisc then by default all packets enter this qdisc and I believe I wouldn't have the scope to classify ... right/wrong? Please help me. Thank you. Regards, suraj. __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com ___ LARTC mailing list / [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/
