Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Richard Stallman
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[[[ whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies, ]]]
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  > In fact, access to schematics, boardviews, datasheets and any other
  > documentation is *critical* to software freedom.

I didn't realize that circuit diagrams were important for developing
free replacement code -- I expected that documentation would take care
of that job, or else reverse engineering of nonfree software.

So you've convinced me on this point.

However, it would be confusing to use the term "free hardware" to mean
that the hardware comes with documentation.  What if it comes with a
schematic which has no license and therefore is not free?  Is that
"free hardware"?

The problem is that, different purposes lead to different ideas
of what "free" should concretely mean.

When you say "schematics", which ones do you mean?
For boards?  For the inside of chips?

  > > Free hardware designs are desirable, and may be necessary in a
  > > possible distant future, but not very soon.

  > On the contrary, free hardware is possible *now*.
  >  See: RISCV and SiFive.

It's not contrary.  You changed to a different question.  That
statement of yours may be true (depending on what one means by "free
hardware"); what I said is also true.

You're pushing for hyperbroad generalizations, while I am making
careful distinctions.

-- 
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Founder, Free Software Foundation (https://fsf.org)
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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Richard Stallman
[[[ To any NSA and FBI agents reading my email: please consider]]]
[[[ whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies, ]]]
[[[ foreign or domestic, requires you to follow Snowden's example. ]]]

  > Your dismissive attitude about hardware freedom is indeed damaging,

Do I have a "dismissive attitude" towards "hardware freedom?
Do I have any one single attitude towards that range of issues?

I can't tell.  I don't know what range of issues you include in that
term, so I don't know what I would think of it.  All I can say is that
I agree it is good you got the info needed for supporting the T400s (or
any other computer model) with free software -- and I see that as
part of the Free Software Movement.

If you explain in a few lines what issues you include in "hardware
freedom", I could see what attitude or attitudes I have towards those
issues.  They may be quite different from each other.

  > You outright reject the term "free hardware" but the free hardware
  > movement already exists.

I'm sure their hearts are in the right place, but since "free
hardware" (or "open source hardware") is not well defined, 
I'd need to know what views that stands for before I could agree
or disagree (or partly agree and partly disagree).

It's possible you and I could agree on a set of goals, but I might
disagree with using the term "free hardware" for them.  Perhaps
we could agree on some other name.

  > Stop seeing criticism as a threat. Listen to people, they want to
  > help!

That's disrespect and emotional bullying,
You can't convince me of anything that way.  The way you might
be able to do it is by treating me with respect.

I thought carefully about various issues related to hardware to work
out the ideas that I wrote in /philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html.
Perhaps a part is mistaken, obsolete, or can be improved on.  That's
why I pay attention to the issues and arguments people bring up here.

But I'm not going to change my views on the issue because someone is
adamant, or because of emotional pressure.  I've stood up to lots of
that.


-- 
Dr Richard Stallman (https://stallman.org)
Chief GNUisance of the GNU Project (https://gnu.org)
Founder, Free Software Foundation (https://fsf.org)
Internet Hall-of-Famer (https://internethalloffame.org)



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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Jacob Hrbek

> There is the Open Source Hardware Association which maintains the
definition of Open Source Hardware here which enshrines the four
freedoms for free software into hardware designs:

I am not sure whether i trust OSHW with freedom as they seem to be 
leaning towards non-free, but from what i see that their values are 
aligned with Free Software movement so maybe they could be considered to 
provide an expert opinion.


If RMS or FSF recognizes that GPLv3 is not sufficient for free hardware 
designs then i am willing to contact them about it.


On 1/23/22 21:43, Pen-Yuan Hsing wrote:

Quick note:

There is the Open Source Hardware Association which maintains the
definition of Open Source Hardware here which enshrines the four
freedoms for free software into hardware designs:

https://www.oshwa.org/definition/

Yes, I fully recognize and acknowledge that they use the term "open
source" instead of "free" as in freedom, and this is a crucial
distinction. But just wanted to let everyone know it exists, so that if
someone wants to work on free hardware, they are aware of what has
already been done so that we don't have to re-invent any wheels.

There is also the recently-published standard DIN SPEC 3105:

https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/DIN_SPEC_3105

Which defines more details for free hardware designs, including a
recommended method of certifying them.

There are also the Open Know-How (OKH) and OKH-EC standards on best
practices for documenting and publishing free hardware designs:

https://www.internetofproduction.org/open-know-how
https://okh-ec.openknowhow.org

I know some of the people behind these initiatives, in fact I think some
of them consulted RMS when coming up with their definitions? Anyway, if
there's serious interest in this from the free software community, I can
help get you in touch with those people.

On 1/22/22 07:25, Jacob Hrbek wrote:

  > I don't think the FSf has the skills or the staff resources to praise
hardware with free designs.  But I am not in charge of that now, so I
have no more to say about it. -- RMS

  From my experience i don't feel like this process requires
qualification and resources that FSF doesn't have as i think that the
process should be:

Does it provide gerber (file that contains the PCB design and is used
for manufacturing), schematics (file providing wiring of the components)
and models for the chasis (e.g. STL files to fabricate the chasis on
e.g. 3D printer) under GPLv3-complying license?
- Yes -> Certify it as Free Hardware Design
- No -> Don't certify it

Alternatively worst case scenario that takes the least amount of
resources that i can think of would be to rename "Respects your Freedom"
to "Respects Software Freedom" so that it's not taken as FSF endorsing
proprietary hardware development.

I also think that h-node is a good website that provides
community-maintained rating for various hardware, so just adding either
a new rating (currently the A-Platinum is highest and used for non-free
hardware designs) or new database value for hardware freedom would be
optimal in my opinion.

  > I will look at what the RepRap developers said, and what those other
groups said.  (They never told me, damn it!)  I suspect they are looking
for something that copyright simply cannot do. -- RMS

Thanks for looking into it I appreciate it.

On 1/22/22 05:41, Richard Stallman wrote:

I don't think the FSf has the skills or the staff resources to praise
hardware with free designs.  But I am not in charge of that now,
so I have no more to say about it.

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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Jacob Hrbek
For clarification these are schematics of the PowerProgressCommunity 
notebook: 
https://gitlab.com/power-progress-community/oshw-powerpc-notebook/powerpc-laptop-mobo/-/blob/master/PDF_design/PPC_notebook_electrical_schematics_v0.6.pdf


meaning a document containing list of used components (anything on the 
board e.g. resistors, capacitors, etc..) on how they are connected together.


I agree with Leah that schematics are critical for a development of free 
software and i want to highlight that it's not limited only to bios 
development as it affects the development of all free software as a 
whole, but i also want to make the case for gerber files (PCB designs 
used for fabricating) so that the hardware can be fabricated by the user 
while granting them the permission and resources to change the hardware 
as they wish.


For real-life example (price assumption in EUR assuming minimal wage in 
czechia):


Lets assume that i got pinephone by PINE64 or Librem 5 by Purism which 
are using proprietary components filled with (highly likely) spyware.


If i wanted to do something about it then:
1. If the design doesn't provide libre schematics (librem 5 does, 
pinephone doesn't) then i would have to put the PCB under a microscope 
and do a lot of probing and reverse-engineering to understand the design 
and how it works (~700 EUR)

2. engineering to make my own design (400~3000 EUR)
3. Addressing the freedom issues to replace the components with more 
appropriate options (25~800 EUR)
3. prototyping to make sure that my design works (200~5000+ EUR + cost 
of fabricating the PCBs)


or

figure out my own design:
1. Research (2000~5000+ EUR)
2. Development (1000~2000+ EUR)
3. Prototyping (2000~5000+ EUR)

And in case of pinephone i can't even publish the improved design 
without violating copyright.


And even though that both phones are advertised as Free and Open-Source 
(librem 5 with FSF's endorsement) and there is a development of free 
software.. I can't really use whatever i want on it i am forced to use 
only software that the manufacturer wants me to run in a way that they 
want with built-in spyware that i can't remove without going through the 
process above which doesn't feel like freedom to me and also this whole 
situation blocking further development of free software on handheld devices.


So if FSF took a stronger stand on Free Hardware Designs then I highly 
doubt that both PINE64 and Purism would be able to afford using 
proprietary hardware designs model which would allow everyone to skip on 
majority of the development cost and contribute to address these freedom 
issues in a way that is truly free while being able to develop a free 
software for it without restrictions.


---

I want to clarify the use of proprietary chips:

I recognize that they are a freedom issue on their own, but i don't see 
that being a freedom issue with free hardware designs as that problem is 
self-correcting by (as said above) skipping on majority of the 
development cost and being able to replace them with more appropriate 
chip where we don't have this option if the schematics and gerber files 
are not available under freedom respecting license.


That said I would be against certifying those designs as long as they 
use non-free components.


---

> Would you like to set up s project to do this?  You know more than
they know about this task, and maybe you have time to do it. -- RMS

I would be happy to contribute to RYF with certification process and 
moderation of Free Hardware Designs and contributing to h-node if the 
requested option for hardware freedom was added.


If you consider making a GPLv4 (as suggested by reprap developers in 
provided forum post which reasoning i do support) to include the 
critical clauses about Free Hardware Designs ("FHD") to reduce the 
amount of proprietary forks of FHD (highlighted case of RepRap Mendel) 
then i would also be happy to share my opinions and suggestions to it.


On 1/24/22 05:33, Richard Stallman wrote:

[[[ To any NSA and FBI agents reading my email: please consider]]]
[[[ whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies, ]]]
[[[ foreign or domestic, requires you to follow Snowden's example. ]]]

   > Does it provide gerber (file that contains the PCB design and is used
   > for manufacturing), schematics (file providing wiring of the components)
   > and models for the chasis (e.g. STL files to fabricate the chasis on
   > e.g. 3D printer) under GPLv3-complying license?
   > - Yes -> Certify it as Free Hardware Design
   > - No -> Don't certify it

I understand those words partially.  "Wiring of the components" --
what are "components" in this case?  Does "components" mean "chips"?
If not, the hardware will, in most cases, still contain secret
circuitry--inside the chips.

The FSF group that handles much more than this
is short-handed and behind on its work.  I couldn't
suggest that they start anything new.

Would you like to set up s project 

Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Paul Sutton via libreplanet-discuss

On 24/01/2022 19:47, Matt Ivie wrote:

On Mon, 2022-01-24 at 08:23 +, Leah Rowe via libreplanet-discuss
wrote:

Hi,

I really can't hold my tongue any longer.

On Sun, 23 Jan 2022 23:33:57 -0500
Richard Stallman  wrote:

RYF deserves its name.  It checks for the freedom that users of the
computer can take advantage of, today and in the near future.
Having those circuit diagrams will not affect the freedom of
customers
who buy the hardware.



In fact, access to schematics, boardviews, datasheets and any other
documentation is *critical* to software freedom.

Much of the work that goes into porting a single mainboard to
coreboot
requires knowledge of the hardware, and you actually need to read the
schematics to get the code working on specific board configurations.

Let's not also forget the Right to Repair movement, currently lead by
Louis Rossman, which is *fighting* for the right to such
documentation,
because without it, nobody could understand their hardware.


Maybe the RYF certification should have that include an ultimate level
having the schematics and documentation available under a free
license?Lower levels would allow systems that are missing these other
pieces to still carry a certification if they are fully functioning
using Free Software.



Good idea, on another question,  how do we avoid information conflicting 
between the fsf ryf information and the oshwa information,  so that the 
information is consistent and does not cause confusion.


Perhaps if Leah's idea is to work, the oshwa could take over the RYF 
list and be a one stop shop for all open hardware information, while the 
fsf just focuses on software,  but the collaboration is close enough to 
be truly complementary.


Paul

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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Matt Ivie
On Mon, 2022-01-24 at 08:23 +, Leah Rowe via libreplanet-discuss
wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I really can't hold my tongue any longer.
> 
> On Sun, 23 Jan 2022 23:33:57 -0500
> Richard Stallman  wrote:
> > RYF deserves its name.  It checks for the freedom that users of the
> > computer can take advantage of, today and in the near future.
> > Having those circuit diagrams will not affect the freedom of
> > customers
> > who buy the hardware.
> > 
> 
> In fact, access to schematics, boardviews, datasheets and any other
> documentation is *critical* to software freedom.
> 
> Much of the work that goes into porting a single mainboard to
> coreboot
> requires knowledge of the hardware, and you actually need to read the
> schematics to get the code working on specific board configurations.
> 
> Let's not also forget the Right to Repair movement, currently lead by
> Louis Rossman, which is *fighting* for the right to such
> documentation,
> because without it, nobody could understand their hardware.
> 
Maybe the RYF certification should have that include an ultimate level
having the schematics and documentation available under a free
license?Lower levels would allow systems that are missing these other
pieces to still carry a certification if they are fully functioning
using Free Software.


> 
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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Pen-Yuan Hsing


Quick note:

There is the Open Source Hardware Association which maintains the 
definition of Open Source Hardware here which enshrines the four 
freedoms for free software into hardware designs:


https://www.oshwa.org/definition/

Yes, I fully recognize and acknowledge that they use the term "open 
source" instead of "free" as in freedom, and this is a crucial 
distinction. But just wanted to let everyone know it exists, so that if 
someone wants to work on free hardware, they are aware of what has 
already been done so that we don't have to re-invent any wheels.


There is also the recently-published standard DIN SPEC 3105:

https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/DIN_SPEC_3105

Which defines more details for free hardware designs, including a 
recommended method of certifying them.


There are also the Open Know-How (OKH) and OKH-EC standards on best 
practices for documenting and publishing free hardware designs:


https://www.internetofproduction.org/open-know-how
https://okh-ec.openknowhow.org

I know some of the people behind these initiatives, in fact I think some 
of them consulted RMS when coming up with their definitions? Anyway, if 
there's serious interest in this from the free software community, I can 
help get you in touch with those people.


On 1/22/22 07:25, Jacob Hrbek wrote:
 > I don't think the FSf has the skills or the staff resources to praise 
hardware with free designs.  But I am not in charge of that now, so I 
have no more to say about it. -- RMS


 From my experience i don't feel like this process requires 
qualification and resources that FSF doesn't have as i think that the 
process should be:


Does it provide gerber (file that contains the PCB design and is used 
for manufacturing), schematics (file providing wiring of the components) 
and models for the chasis (e.g. STL files to fabricate the chasis on 
e.g. 3D printer) under GPLv3-complying license?

- Yes -> Certify it as Free Hardware Design
- No -> Don't certify it

Alternatively worst case scenario that takes the least amount of 
resources that i can think of would be to rename "Respects your Freedom" 
to "Respects Software Freedom" so that it's not taken as FSF endorsing 
proprietary hardware development.


I also think that h-node is a good website that provides 
community-maintained rating for various hardware, so just adding either 
a new rating (currently the A-Platinum is highest and used for non-free 
hardware designs) or new database value for hardware freedom would be 
optimal in my opinion.


 > I will look at what the RepRap developers said, and what those other 
groups said.  (They never told me, damn it!)  I suspect they are looking 
for something that copyright simply cannot do. -- RMS


Thanks for looking into it I appreciate it.

On 1/22/22 05:41, Richard Stallman wrote:

I don't think the FSf has the skills or the staff resources to praise
hardware with free designs.  But I am not in charge of that now,
so I have no more to say about it.


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Re: RE : Ideas to promote making and using free hardware designs (was Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware)

2022-01-24 Thread Jean Louis
* Dr Andrew A. Adams  [2022-01-24 08:48]:
> 
> Arthur Torrey wrote:
> 
> > I am a member of the Artisan's Asylum maker-space (formerly in
> >  Somerville, MA, temporarily shut down while moving to Allston) and
> >  would dearly love to be able to make the hardware that I can draw
> >  and design in LibreCAD (2D) or possibly FreeCAD, gCAD3D or some
> >  other Free Software 3D CAD package, but I have not been able to find
> >  any way to get from those packages to g-code that I can feed to our
> >  CNC machines.

I cannot be sure if this may help:

dxf2gcode download | SourceForge.net
https://sourceforge.net/projects/dxf2gcode/

DXF to G-code Conversion Tutorial - Open Source Ecology
https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/DXF_to_G-code_Conversion_Tutorial


Jean

Take action in Free Software Foundation campaigns:
https://www.fsf.org/campaigns

In support of Richard M. Stallman
https://stallmansupport.org/



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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Paul Sutton via libreplanet-discuss


-- Snip--


All of this leads me to a conclusion:

We should no longer call it the Free Software movement. No, we need a
new term instead that combines both hardware and software. We need
robust ideological leadership that is currently lacking from the FSF,
when taking hardware into account.

Richard, I think you should listen to the people telling you these
things, because they are giving you good advice. They are not your
enemy. People like me are just looking at the movement nowadays and
dismayed because the FSF is largely ignoring the current realities.

You outright reject the term "free hardware" but the free hardware
movement already exists. Some refer to it as OSHW (open source
hardware) but I myself call it the free hardware movement.

There is good reason for people to be disillusioned with your FSF, and
those reasons are expressed quite well by the original post in this
thread. My only advice to you is this:

Stop seeing criticism as a threat. Listen to people, they want to
help! I think even the original poster on this thread probably has that
same desire, otherwise this thread wouldn't exist (the OP would just
disregard the FSF and move on, instead of trying to effect positive
change).

That's my two cents. Take it or leave it.



I agree with Leah on this one,  I am not a hardware or software 
engineer,  however I would like to be able to buy hardware that I know 
respects free software,  be able to install say Debian rather than 
Debian (non-free) so there are no hardware issues. I can download say 
Trisquel and it just works.


I understand what Leah is suggesting enough to see the value of having 
specs, circuit diagrams etc.  I have an old Oscilloscope here,  the 
manual has full circuit diagram,  my Old zx spectrum needed an external 
tape player and I am sure even that manual had a full circuit diagram.


We need to step back and think of non IT technical users, who may be say 
brain surgeons, or chemists, they just want the software / hardware to 
work with their hardware and not have to spend time struggling to get 
things working as they need proprietary components.  If they have all 
the datasheets available then at least the people with the right 
training can help repair these devices.


I would much rather save money on usb wifi adapters and put that money 
to one side to buy a replacement laptop (at some point) that I know will 
just work. Also,  users may want to upgrade the memory, and other 
hardware so this needs to be easy to do, or for others to do.


Of course right to repair is gaining traction, but how much of that is 
also due to people being conscious of the environmental impact of thrown 
away hardware, that can be in a lot of cases easily fixed by swapping 
out a single component.


People want to know is this phone, desktop laptop freedom (hardware and 
software) respecting or not before buying.


I get the impression RISC V can / has potential to really change the 
current landscape around this too.


Paul


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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Leah Rowe via libreplanet-discuss
On Mon, 24 Jan 2022 08:23:27 +
Leah Rowe via libreplanet-discuss 
wrote:

> In fact, access to schematics, boardviews, datasheets and any other
> documentation is *critical* to software freedom.
> 
> Much of the work that goes into porting a single mainboard to coreboot
> requires knowledge of the hardware, and you actually need to read the
> schematics to get the code working on specific board configurations.

I have an example for you that is much closer to home. You use a
ThinkPad T400S with Libreboot, right?

I personally read Intel datasheets to understand how the Intel Flash
Descriptor is laid out on your board, and a separate Intel datasheet
defining the "Gigabit Ethernet Non-Volative Memory" region (GbE NVM) in
order to write the "ich9gen" program.

The ich9gen program generates an Intel Flash Descriptor and GbE NVM
binary, from scratch. The descriptor is what Libreboot uses to disable
the Intel ME on your machine; it's possible to boot your machine
without one, but then you wouldn't have functional ethernet support
using the onboard NIC in your machine. The GbE NVM region is defined by
the Flash Descriptor. In a descriptorless mode, the Intel ME would be
disabled on your machine, and this is how things were done in the old
days. My work on ich9gen was specifically to have a flash descriptor,
with functional GbE, while still disabling the ME.

Info available here: https://libreboot.org/docs/install/ich9utils.html

I semi-regularly also repair those mainboards, the ones used on
libreboot ThinkPads, and for this I need knowledge of those boards. I'm
able to repair issues with these boards by looking at schematics and
boardview files, telling me where everything is. The most recent repair
I did was to a fan circuit; a dodgy fan had shorted and caused a
current surge, which shorted the fuse supplying current to the PWM
circuitry regulating the fan.

I knew of that fuse because of schematics. I was able to check for dead
shorts and eliminate them, then replace the fuse and fan, and the
result was a happy customer who could once again use their Libreboot
machine (the machine had been sent in to me for repair).

I sometimes get boards that won't turn on, and once again I'm able to
repair them because I have the schematics. I can fo by process of
elimination and isolate the cause of a fault, and fix it!

Every board I repair causes an additional person in the world to be
able to use Libreboot hardware.

Much of the code in coreboot for these machines was also written
literally by looking at schematics, in addition to datasheets. Intel
provides very good documentation about some of their hardware, which
the coreboot developers are able to use.

Your dismissive attitude about hardware freedom is indeed damaging, if
left unignored. People should be fighting for the right to hardware
freedoms, especially schematics, boardviews and chip datasheets. Free
hardware designs like RISCV are an essential part of our movement.

Hardware and software do not exist in a vacuum. One cannot exist
without the other.

All of this leads me to a conclusion:

We should no longer call it the Free Software movement. No, we need a
new term instead that combines both hardware and software. We need
robust ideological leadership that is currently lacking from the FSF,
when taking hardware into account.

Richard, I think you should listen to the people telling you these
things, because they are giving you good advice. They are not your
enemy. People like me are just looking at the movement nowadays and
dismayed because the FSF is largely ignoring the current realities.

You outright reject the term "free hardware" but the free hardware
movement already exists. Some refer to it as OSHW (open source
hardware) but I myself call it the free hardware movement.

There is good reason for people to be disillusioned with your FSF, and
those reasons are expressed quite well by the original post in this
thread. My only advice to you is this:

Stop seeing criticism as a threat. Listen to people, they want to
help! I think even the original poster on this thread probably has that
same desire, otherwise this thread wouldn't exist (the OP would just
disregard the FSF and move on, instead of trying to effect positive
change).

That's my two cents. Take it or leave it.

-- 
Think for yourself. Live free!


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Re: FSF continuously harms Free Hardware

2022-01-24 Thread Leah Rowe via libreplanet-discuss

Hi,

I really can't hold my tongue any longer.

On Sun, 23 Jan 2022 23:33:57 -0500
Richard Stallman  wrote:
>
> RYF deserves its name.  It checks for the freedom that users of the
> computer can take advantage of, today and in the near future.
> Having those circuit diagrams will not affect the freedom of customers
> who buy the hardware.
>

In fact, access to schematics, boardviews, datasheets and any other
documentation is *critical* to software freedom.

Much of the work that goes into porting a single mainboard to coreboot
requires knowledge of the hardware, and you actually need to read the
schematics to get the code working on specific board configurations.

Let's not also forget the Right to Repair movement, currently lead by
Louis Rossman, which is *fighting* for the right to such documentation,
because without it, nobody could understand their hardware.

I encourage you to look at Louis Rossman's youtube channel to know more
about Right to Repair:

https://vid.puffyan.us/watch?v=Npd_xDuNi9k

And his channel: https://vid.puffyan.us/channel/UCl2mFZoRqjw_ELax4Yisf6w

You, Richard, tell people about my work on Libreboot and I'm very happy
about that, but to say that schematics aren't necessary is ignorant.
Without schematics, you cannot reliably implement coreboot support on a
mainboard.

Similarly, datasheets for each chip tells you how to write software
that uses it. You seem to think that software exists in a perfect
vacuum, and I'm telling you now: it does not.

> 
> Free hardware designs are desirable, and may be necessary in a
> possible distant future, but not very soon.
> 

On the contrary, free hardware is possible *now*. See: RISCV and
SiFive. There are still problems today, that can be solved in the
future, but what you're saying suggests otherwise.

-- 
Think for yourself. Live free!


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