[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. My 10 course alto lute is 50 cm and very small in the bowl. This limits the possible length of the bridge. My bass courses also tend to have the strings at about 4mm, but they would not all fit if the strings were moved farther apart. So in my case, the compromise was made on this instrument to put the strings closer than optimal to make them *fit*. That's what happens when you have a small 10 course alto. So perhaps your 14 course archlute has similar size and geometry constraints. But it does seem like the spacing at the nut could be done as you like. Mine was not optimal at first either, but I have moved things around to much closer to right. At least that problem was sort of fixable. Suzanne To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
You have articulated the conundrum. Joel van Lennep is probably basing his instruments on historical instruments. Spacing on historical instruments is sometimes impossible for us moderns. We might collectively be missing something. Either they had some string technology we are not aware of or they liked twang or they played very lightly near the bridge. Who knows? I'll dig out my archlute and see what the spacing is. Again, I had the bridge re-drilled on it to give me more space on the double courses. On Jul 22, 2011, at 11:32 PM, Peter Nightingale wrote: Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at [1]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html Ed Durbrow Saitama, Japan [2]http://www.musicianspage.com/musicians/9688/ [3]http://www9.plala.or.jp/edurbrow/ -- References 1. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 2. http://www.musicianspage.com/musicians/9688/ 3. http://www9.plala.or.jp/edurbrow/
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
Hi Peter, I don't thinks your maker did anything wrong, not at all. I'm guessing of course but it looks like he simply replicated the sting spacing (well, at least on the bridge, I'm not so sure about the nut ...) from the bridge(s) of one of the original archlute or theorbo (a few of those have indeed survived with their original bridges intact). If this is the case, the distance between individual strings in courses as little as 4.0 mm and even less would be 'fairly' normal. To give just one, rather 'extreme' example: the original bridge of a theorbo by Martinus Kaiser (E.24, Musee de la Musique, Paris) has about 3.3 - 3.5 mm between the strings of the 6th course; and this is for the string length at c. 88.5 cm! I don't know what the string length of your archlute is but if it is, say, within 57 - 64 cm, then 4 mm would be about right (perhaps even on a wider side!) by the 'old standards'. So again, with such close spacing, a lot depends on where you pluck the strings ... Although not an archlute but perhaps something like this would work: http://www.klassiskgitar.net/unknown17-portraitofalut.html Good luck! Alexander On 22/07/2011 15:32, Peter Nightingale wrote: Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
On all of these dimensions, are people talking about distances of string center to string center (which is how I understand these type of measurements)? Or might some people be measuring the "gap" between the string "edges"? Last night I stumbled across notes I had taken from a 1979 LSA class with Paul O'Dette. One of the notes from the class read: "One of the main causes of slapping strings is setting strings in motion at diff. times. and _not_ of force." -- R On Jul 22, 2011, at 9:32 AM, Peter Nightingale wrote: Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
If the strings are slightly out of tune with each other, it has the same effect as starting them at different times since they will change in and out of phase over time. On Fri, Jul 22, 2011 at 2:18 PM, Rockford Mjos <[1]rm...@comcast.net> wrote: On all of these dimensions, are people talking about distances of string center to string center (which is how I understand these type of measurements)? Or might some people be measuring the "gap" between the string "edges"? Last night I stumbled across notes I had taken from a 1979 LSA class with Paul O'Dette. One of the notes from the class read: "One of the main causes of slapping strings is setting strings in motion at diff. times. and _not_ of force." -- R On Jul 22, 2011, at 9:32 AM, Peter Nightingale wrote: Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone [2](401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax [3](401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at [4]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html -- References 1. mailto:rm...@comcast.net 2. tel:%28401%29%20874-5882 3. tel:%28401%29%20874-2380 4. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
On Fri, 22 Jul 2011, Suzanne Angevine wrote: > But it does seem like the spacing at the nut could be done as you like. Mine > was not optimal at first either, but I have moved things around to much > closer to right. At least that problem was sort of fixable. That would solve a problem that I do not have, or at least are not aware of having, and it would have have a fair chance of making the problem I do have worse by bringing the strings closer together. Peter. > Suzanne the next auto-quote is: There is no zeal blinder than that which is inspired with the love of justice against offenders. (Henry Fielding) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
Van Lennep may have also struck a compromise based on the size of the hands of lutenist for whom he made the instrument originally, and who sold it to me when she had had enough of luting. Peter. On Sat, 23 Jul 2011, Ed Durbrow wrote: > You have articulated the conundrum. Joel van Lennep is probably basing his > instruments on historical instruments. Spacing on historical instruments is > sometimes impossible for us moderns. We might collectively be missing > something. Either they had some string technology we are not aware of or they > liked twang or they played very lightly near the bridge. Who knows? > > I'll dig out my archlute and see what the spacing is. Again, I had the bridge > re-drilled on it to give me more space on the double courses. > > On Jul 22, 2011, at 11:32 PM, Peter Nightingale wrote: > >> Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... >> >> Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and >> ditto realities. >> >> I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the >> design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live >> up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, >> Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close >> together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance >> between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and >> 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would >> become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary >> design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the >> the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there >> is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than >> the fundamentals in both courses. >> >> Thanks again, >> Peter. >> >> the next auto-quote is: >> A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, >> education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. >> Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of >> punishment and hope of reward after death. >> (Albert Einstein) >> /\/\ >> Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 >> Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 >> University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 >> >> >> >> To get on or off this list see list information at >> http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html > > > Ed Durbrow > Saitama, Japan > http://www.musicianspage.com/musicians/9688/ > http://www9.plala.or.jp/edurbrow/ > > > the next auto-quote is: Operationally, God is beginning to resemble not a ruler but the last fading smile of a cosmic Cheshire Cat. (Julian Huxley) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
I think I know how she solved her problem of colliding strings. On Jul 22, 2011, at 1:31 PM, Peter Nightingale wrote: Van Lennep may have also struck a compromise based on the size of the hands of lutenist for whom he made the instrument originally, and who sold it to me when she had had enough of luting. Peter. On Sat, 23 Jul 2011, Ed Durbrow wrote: You have articulated the conundrum. Joel van Lennep is probably basing his instruments on historical instruments. Spacing on historical instruments is sometimes impossible for us moderns. We might collectively be missing something. Either they had some string technology we are not aware of or they liked twang or they played very lightly near the bridge. Who knows? I'll dig out my archlute and see what the spacing is. Again, I had the bridge re-drilled on it to give me more space on the double courses. On Jul 22, 2011, at 11:32 PM, Peter Nightingale wrote: Ed, Suzanne, Roman, Alexander, ... Thanks for your suggestions. I remain confused by colliding strings and ditto realities. I cannot believe that Joel van Lennep would make an instrument with the design flaws your comments imply. Could it be that my lute does not live up to your expectations, because it is a 14 course archlute. (BTW, Suzanne seems to have a space problem too.) The courses have to be close together for the instrument to be playable, it would seem. The distance between the string of the 6th and 7th courses is is roughly 4mm, 8mm, and 4mm. If pairs of the individual courses were to be 5mm apart, this would become 5mm, 6mm, 5mm. It would introduce a 6.5th course, a revolutionary design! My guess is that the compromise that was made tries to avoid the the clanging disaster by creating more space at the nut. Actually, there is more: the octave strings are slightly closer to the sound board than the fundamentals in both courses. Thanks again, Peter. the next auto-quote is: A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html Ed Durbrow Saitama, Japan http://www.musicianspage.com/musicians/9688/ http://www9.plala.or.jp/edurbrow/ the next auto-quote is: Operationally, God is beginning to resemble not a ruler but the last fading smile of a cosmic Cheshire Cat. (Julian Huxley) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
On Fri, 22 Jul 2011, Alexander Batov wrote: > Hi Peter, > > I don't thinks your maker did anything wrong, not at all. I'm guessing of > course but it looks like he simply replicated the sting spacing (well, at > least on the bridge, I'm not so sure about the nut ...) from the bridge(s) of > one of the original archlute or theorbo (a few of those have indeed survived > with their original bridges intact). If this is the case, the distance > between individual strings in courses as little as 4.0 mm and even less would > be 'fairly' normal. To give just one, rather 'extreme' example: the original > bridge of a theorbo by Martinus Kaiser (E.24, Musee de la Musique, Paris) has > about 3.3 - 3.5 mm between the strings of the 6th course; and this is for the > string length at c. 88.5 cm! I don't know what the string length of your > archlute is but if it is, say, within 57 - 64 cm, then 4 mm would be about > right (perhaps even on a wider side!) by the 'old standards'. The top seven courses are 66 cm. I think it's a somewhat unusal instrument that began its life as a theorbo made by some luthier whose name I do not know and was transgendered to its current form by Van Lennep for the person from whom I bought it You can see the thing here: http://www.phys.uri.edu/~nigh/lute/ (there are 6 picures, but only tow appear at the same time.) > So again, with such close spacing, a lot depends on where you pluck the > strings ... Although not an archlute but perhaps something like this > would work: > > http://www.klassiskgitar.net/unknown17-portraitofalut.html I think I have gravitated ed a little to that automatically already, because p-i is not so practical if p is otherise employed. > > Good luck! Thanks, Peter. the next auto-quote is: I would rather be the offspring of two apes than be a man and afraid to face the truth. (Thomas Huxley) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
On Fri, 22 Jul 2011, Rockford Mjos wrote: > On all of these dimensions, are people talking about distances of string > center to string center (which is how I understand these type of > measurements)? Or might some people be measuring the "gap" between the string > "edges"? My numbers were measuring center-center distance. > > Last night I stumbled across notes I had taken from a 1979 LSA class with > Paul O'Dette. One of the notes from the class read: > "One of the main causes of slapping strings is setting strings in motion at > diff. times. and _not_ of force." I think that the discussion pushed me in the direction of technique rather than lute surgery. Peter. the next auto-quote is: A miracle is an event described by those to whom it was told by people who did not see it. (Elbert Hubbard) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: colliding strings
On Fri, 22 Jul 2011, Sean Smith wrote: > > I think I know how she solved her problem of colliding strings. I'm glad I did not mention her name, but I have good reasons to believe you are wrong. Peter. > > On Jul 22, 2011, at 1:31 PM, Peter Nightingale wrote: > > Van Lennep may have also struck a compromise based on the size of the > hands of lutenist for whom he made the instrument originally, and who sold > it to me when she had had enough of luting. > > Peter. the next auto-quote is: Every great advance in natural knowledge has involved the absolute rejection of authority. (Thomas Huxley) /\/\ Peter Nightingale Telephone (401) 874-5882 Department of Physics, East Hall Fax (401) 874-2380 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881 To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: Re: Mace
> I hear you loud and clear with regard to renaissance lute being a good > prep. for baroque. Having played 10-courses, my thumb is pretty > comfortable all over. I use thumb-under, even on the 10-course, That's what you can see with many players, that much is true. When you look at paintings of people playing the 10c lute (and the more so baroque lute players), however, you will see nothing else but thumb-out. And Vallet wrote in his 1615 preface (Secret des Muses), that although some non-versatile players in his days would still use thumb-in technique (thumb-under), he considered it ridiculous (sic!) and strongly recommended his students to use thumb-out technique. Post your RH little finger close to the bridge, set your fingers into a right angle with the strings, and stretch your thumb toward the rose. The resulting sound will be silvery with the upper voices, kinda resembling a tiny harpsichord, and soft with the basses. It distinctly differs from the "classical" renaissance lute. The reason why many players of 10c lutes and baroque lutes do not use this technique is, or so I guess, that it resembles classical guitar technique much too closely (except for the position of the RH very close to the bridge). We do want to get as far as possible from our dark past, don't we ;^) > I think what I was trying to say is that the ornamentation on baroque > lute seems to be more detailed, or refined, or whatever one would call > it (at a loss for the right word?). Yes. George Torres offered a detailed analysis of French baroque ornaments in a recent Lute Society publication. I think that ornaments in the 17th and 18th centuries were much less subject to personal taste than one would possibly reckon today, as they were integral to the music, not additional adornment. Mathias To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: Mace
Dear Mathias and all On Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:13 +0200, "mathias.roe...@t-online.de" > The reason why many players of 10c lutes and baroque lutes do not use this > technique is, or so I guess, that it resembles classical guitar technique > much too closely (except for the position of the RH very close to the > bridge). We do want to get as far as possible from our dark past, don't we > ;^) I sincerely think this is not true. It might have been the reason in the 1980's, but clearly not in our 3rd millennium. And everybody with a touch to the Segovia style and to the thumb over technique, knows the differences clearly: for ex the p-i-p-i fingering on higher strings/courses is not strange at all to thumb over lute players. And remember our pinkies staying on the table... And btw, I cannot see today any fight between guitarists and lutenists! Quite on the contrary. But the guitarists seem to fight between themselves all the time! Even and perhaps especially our baroque guitarists... :-) Best, Arto To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[LUTE] Re: New lute CD "Lautenschmaus"
Congrats! I'm looking forward to putting a copy on my shelves. Eugene - Original Message - From: Daniel Shoskes Date: Friday, July 22, 2011 6:38 pm Subject: [LUTE] New lute CD "Lautenschmaus" To: lute > Dear Friends: I am excited to announce the release > of my first CD > entitled "Lautenschmaus" (The Lute Feast): > Ascendance of the German > Baroque Lute. It covers music of composers such as > Reusner, Logy, St. > Luc, Kuhnel, Weiss, Lauffensteiner, Bach and > Turovsky and has many > works not previously recorded. They are performed > on a gut strung 11 > course lute and a nylgut/copper wound strung 13 > course lute. > Promotional video: > [1]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OLeLKtJoVI > Download the album from Digstation: > > [2]http://www.digstation.com/AlbumDetails.aspx?albumID=ALB81211 In the > next few days it should be available for download and purchase > of the physical CD from CDbaby.com and in 2-3 weeks > from the iTunes > store and Amazon.com > Best wishes > Daniel Shoskes > -- > > References > > 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OLeLKtJoVI > 2. > http://www.digstation.com/AlbumDetails.aspx?albumID=ALB81211 > > To get on or off this list see list information at > http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
