Re: [meteorite-list] Ablation Zone 5 Layers...Not
List, I think Jason has done a fine job with his position with which I agree. I don't want to beat a dead horse but Here are published definitions of fusion crusts on irons. “Fusion Crust” Definition from Glossary of Geology 2nd edition 1980; American Geological Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, 751pp. Fusion crust A thin glassy coating, usually black and rarely exceeding one millimeter in thickness, formed on the surface of a meteorite by frictional heating during atmospheric flight. Owing to differing effects of the atmosphere upon different meteorite surfaces, fusion crusts may be knobby, striated, ribbed, net, porous, warty, or scoriaceous. Several points stand out upon careful reading of this definition. The term glassy is an adjective not a noun. Glassy is a term commonly used in describing surface luster in mineralogy. Composition: Silica, silicate, silicon and iron are not mentioned at all. Apparently composition is not pertinent to the matter. Other terms like warty and seem to refer to fusion crust on irons. Looking further for definitions used specifically by meteoriticists we find a definition on pages 44-45 by Brian Mason in his classic book, “Meteorites”. Mason presents the classification of Krinov (1960) that also seems to have been a source for the Glossary’s definition. It is rather long but I will post the complete definition because many people have complained there wasn’t a good published definition of fusion crust for meteorites. Fusion Crust A freshly fallen meteorite is covered with a fusion crust, except on fracture surfaces produced on or shortly before impact. The nature of the fusion crust varies somewhat, according to the composition of the meteorite. On most meteorites it is black, but on the enstatite achondrites it is colorliess or pale yellow, because of the almost complete absence of iron in these meteorites. The fusion crust on iron meteorites is very thin, only a fraction of a millimeter, and consists of magnetite. The fusion crust on stone meteorites is thicker, and consists of a black glass which includes fragments of the less fusible mineral such as olivine. On chondrites and the calcium-poor achondrites the crust is usually dull, but on calcium-rich achondrites, which are more fusible than other stony meteorites, the crust is shiny and lustrous, and also thicker than on other types. Sometimes the crust shows a network of fine cracks, similar to the “crazing” which appears in the glaze of pottery. Krinov (1960) has made detailed studies of the nature of meteorites, and presents the following classification: Class I. Crust of Frontal Surfaces Type 1, Close-textured. The crust is perfectly smooth, as though it had been pressed, with practically no indications of structure. Observed mainly upon iron meteorites and covers surfaces, which generally exhibit considerable marks of atmospheric action, regardless of whether the surface has regmaglyptic relief. Type 2, Nodular. Upon a smooth, close textured crust, fine angular nodules are visible scattered over the surface of the meteorite. Upon stony meteorites, on which this type is mainly found, the nodules represent fused inclusions of nickeliferous iron. Class II. Crust of Lateral Surfaces Type 1. Striated. Upon a smooth, close-textured crust thin striae are visible that seem to be flowing across the surface of the meteorite. Very often the striae are directed toward the rear part of a meteorite, thus clearly indicating the direction of its motion. Upon iron meteorites the striae quite often end in drops, which are sometimes of spherical form. There are also observed curves or even seemingly broken striae which abruptly change direction. Now and then an intricate pattern of the striated crust can be seen. In rarer cases several systems of striae are observed, superimposed one on top of the other and intersecting at various angles. In such cases the striae of the bottom system appear to be wide and flat, while those of the upper system are thin. Particularly sharply defined striated crustal structure is observed near the sharp edges of lateral surfaces, adjacent to the rear surfaces of iron meteorites. Upon stony meteorites more or less distinct striae are usually observed along the edges of lateral surfaces. Striae are easily distinguishable on the rims between regmaglypts. Type 2. Ribbed. Represents an intermediate type between the modular and striated crust and is found only upon stony meteorites. The ribs appear like underdeveloped striae. Type 3. Net. The crust is formed of short striae running together, lending it the appearance of a fine-mesh net. Individual cells of the mesh appear like stitches. Is observed mainly upon more friable stony meteorites, usually near the edges of lateral surfaces or near protuberances. Type 4. Porous. At magnification of 15-30X tiny pores can be seen clearly upon the crust. Sometimes the crust
[meteorite-list] CK
Hi aziz How much for Your 1700 gr ck http://www.flickr.com/photos/azizhabibi/3967195844/ its paired with anything ? -[ MARCIN CIMALA ]-[ I.M.C.A.#3667 ]- http://www.Meteoryty.pl marcin(at)meteoryty.pl http://www.PolandMET.com marcin(at)polandmet.com http://www.Gao-Guenie.com GSM: +48 (793) 567667 [ Member of Polish Meteoritical Society ] __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Crust Descriptions...was Ablation
Certainly the best collection of observations set to text I've seen. Thanks for digging up the details Fred. This also goes into detail as to the kind of structures that can be seen over the various faces of the meteoroids orientations. One exception: Yes glassy is a term used to describe luster but glassy:composed of glass has a specific meaning in mineralogy. I believe the use in this context is in respect to composition not luster. Otherwise the term metallic should be used for irons. Very few meteorites-- notably eucrites have a glassy-lustered crust, however most all silicate bearing meteorites have a glassy crustal composition in the mineralogical sense. Some of the Silicates are the only class of minerals I can think of which can form glass, although there are likely others. Iron silicates form a dark glass upon melting/quenching however free iron oxidizes and forms magnetite-class minerals and therefore not glass. Ordinary chondrites have both components. The mention or non mention of the elements is understood by anyone familiar with the mineralogy. Same issue Fe vs Mg in the color of olivine in pallasites. Regards, Elton PS Speaking of simple errors which make it into our reference sources: We know now that ablation and crust formation result from liberation of heat during compression and not because what was long believed to be from air friction. Sometimes accuracy suffers when one tries to get the main point across. There is always room to ask the source again for clarification. --- On Mon, 11/23/09, debf...@att.net debf...@att.net wrote: “Fusion Crust” Definition from Glossary of Geology 2nd edition 1980; American Geological Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, 751pp. Fusion crust A thin glassy coating, usually black and rarely exceeding one millimeter in thickness, formed on the surface of a meteorite by frictional heating during atmospheric flight. Owing to differing effects of the atmosphere upon different meteorite surfaces, fusion crusts may be knobby, striated, ribbed, net, porous, warty, or scoriaceous. Several points stand out upon careful reading of this definition. The term glassy is an adjective not a noun. Glassy is a term commonly used in describing surface luster in mineralogy. Composition: Silica, silicate, silicon and iron are not mentioned at all. Apparently composition is not pertinent to the matter. Other terms like warty and seem to refer to fusion crust on irons. Looking further for definitions used specifically by meteoriticists we find a definition on pages 44-45 by Brian Mason in his classic book, “Meteorites”. Mason presents the classification of Krinov (1960) that also seems to have been a source for the Glossary’s definition. It is rather long but I will post the complete definition because many people have complained there wasn’t a good published definition of fusion crust for meteorites. Fusion Crust A freshly fallen meteorite is covered with a fusion crust, except on fracture surfaces produced on or shortly before impact. The nature of the fusion crust varies somewhat, according to the composition of the meteorite. On most meteorites it is black, but on the enstatite achondrites it is colorliess or pale yellow, because of the almost complete absence of iron in these meteorites. The fusion crust on iron meteorites is very thin, only a fraction of a millimeter, and consists of magnetite. The fusion crust on stone meteorites is thicker, and consists of a black glass which includes fragments of the less fusible mineral such as olivine. On chondrites and the calcium-poor achondrites the crust is usually dull, but on calcium-rich achondrites, which are more fusible than other stony meteorites, the crust is shiny and lustrous, and also thicker than on other types. Sometimes the crust shows a network of fine cracks, similar to the “crazing” which appears in the glaze of pottery. Krinov (1960) has made detailed studies of the nature of meteorites, and presents the following classification: Class I. Crust of Frontal Surfaces Type 1, Close-textured. The crust is perfectly smooth, as though it had been pressed, with practically no indications of structure. Observed mainly upon iron meteorites and covers surfaces, which generally exhibit considerable marks of atmospheric action, regardless of whether the surface has regmaglyptic relief. Type 2, Nodular. Upon a smooth, close textured crust, fine angular nodules are visible scattered over the surface of the meteorite. Upon stony meteorites, on which this type is mainly found, the nodules represent fused inclusions of nickeliferous iron. Class II. Crust of Lateral Surfaces Type 1. Striated. Upon a smooth, close-textured crust thin striae are visible that seem to be flowing across the surface of the meteorite. Very often the striae are directed toward the rear part of a meteorite, thus clearly indicating the
[meteorite-list] Meteorite lights up Gauteng sky
Meteorite lights up Gauteng sky http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/article204795.ece Amazed Johannesburg and Pretoria residents could hardly believe their eyes when a five-second lightning flash, thought to be a meteorite, lit up the night sky in a dazzling display of light at about 11pm on Saturday. Now the South African Astronomical Society are desperately trying to find out in which direction the meteorite travelled, and if it landed on Earth. Richard Davis tweeted on social networking website Twitter that he saw a flash of light and flames heading towards Earth. Another user, Marelie, tweeted that she saw the flash from a meteorite crashing into Earth, while Anemi Kotze speculated that it looked like a meteorite hit pta [Pretoria]. Astronomical Society director Kevin Govender told The Times that it would be really cool if a meteorite landing site was found, but the rock falling through the atmosphere would have to be as big as a car for you to see something significant. He suggested that the meteorite could have been the size of a soccer ball, which would throw up a two-metre crater. The meteorite was also spotted by people living in Magaliesberg and Hoedspruit. __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] What is or is not a chondrule?
Walter your email is not yahoo friendly so here is the answer via the list. Hello Walter, I don't know if you ever got an answer to your question but I had it marked for follow up. Chondrules, while usually more spherical, can be ovoid or ellipsoid and occasionally doubled. Current theory on chondrule formation is that they form by a varied sequence athat always includes final series of flash melting of the surface which seals in the contents. This tends to round off the edges and give them their typical spheroidal shape. When we see the chondrules as you describe--with lots of lines, those are usually barred olivine chondrules. Barred olivines probably went through several passages between super hot and not so hot zones in the nebula and represent successive growth and melt phases. Some chondrules are simple feldspar. Some are rubble piles of angular blocks/globs of mineral grains and dust which were flash melting sealed them into a chondrule yet retaining their angular crumbled edges sucked into a sphere mosaic style. A clast is usually angular on at least one side--that is not round. It has a consistent composition and color. Sometimes clasts are large enough for eye identification that they came from an entirely different class of meteorite then the one they have been found in. Keep in mind that the process of moving from a stage 3 to a 6 involves melting away of the chondrules and migration of their contents into the matrix while semi-plastic. These chondrules are not easy to discern even with a hand lens as their margins are in a stage of blending into the matrix due to heating. Regards, Elton --- On Thu, 7/6/06, Walter L. Newton newto...@comcast.net wrote: From: Walter L. Newton newto...@comcast.net Subject: [meteorite-list] What's a chondrule-what's not a chondrule? To: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Date: Thursday, July 6, 2006, 10:06 AM Hi list, a little technical question. I understand what a chondule is, but sometime, when looking at a slice of a meteorite, I am confused as to what they always look like. I have a polished slice of NWA 787 (same as NWA 869). I see light brown sphere's but I also see light brown ellipsoid (is that the word I'm looking for?) splotches. The same thing exists for some light grey patches. The there are light brown or light grey lines, maybe 2-3mm long. Is that a clast or inclusion or what? In a slice of NWA 2859 (H4) I see a few round grey metal patches. I suspect that just so happens to be a round blob of iron, not a chondrule. Most of the time when I see a picture that points out chondrules, the illustration always points to round objects. Do I assume if it's not round, it's not a chondrule? Walter L. Newton Golden, Co __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] What is or is not a chondrule?
Hi Elton, I couldn't help notice Walter originally asked this question way back July 6, 2006.:) I don't have a point but thought it was funny. Carl Elton wrote: ...I don't know if you ever got an answer to your question but I had it marked for follow up... _ Hotmail: Trusted email with Microsoft's powerful SPAM protection. http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/177141664/direct/01/ http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/177141664/direct/01/ __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Ad - New And Fantastic Material Ending At Auction
Dear List Members, I have several excellent auctions ending this afternoon and tomorrow including a very strange new Howardite. I would like to take this opportunity to introduce NWA 5742 (provisional), a Howardite that displays unusual zoned orthopyroxene and mantle silica clasts. It is unlike any other Howardite ever found. The giant orthopyroxene clasts are gemmy and translucent, a very neat feature that displays handsomely. If you have time, please be sure to check out all of the auctions as there are some great treasure listed. This is the best time to look for bargains as prices are the lowest they have been in a decade and the U.S. dollar is weak! These type of bargains will not be around much longer as inventory is running very low. All Auctions Can Be Found At This link: http://shop.ebay.com/merchant/raremeteorites!_W0QQ_nkwZQQ_armrsZ1QQ_fromZQQ_mdoZ Introducing NWA 5742, A New An Unusual Howardite: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200406974072 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140360714312 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407364743 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407365454 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407366390 Thousands Of Dollars Worth Of Planetary Material Started At Just 99 Cents: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140360485405 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200406972834 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407356947 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140360711623 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407358599 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140360712616 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407360466 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407361117 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200407362944 Only One Pieces Left Of The ENIGMA STONE, Buyer Failed To Pay So It Is Now Available Once Again: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140358743271 Some Rare Main Masses, Do Not Be Afraid To Make An Offer: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140358742396 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200404271627 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200404272003 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140358741731 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140358742868 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=200404272826 Awesome Specimen, Must See: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemitem=140358742586 ...And Many More Great Examples Can Be Found At This Link: http://shop.ebay.com/merchant/raremeteorites!_W0QQ_nkwZQQ_armrsZ1QQ_fromZQQ_mdoZ Thank you for looking and if you are bidding, good luck. Best Regards, Adam Hupe The Hupe Collection Team LunarRock IMCA 2185 raremeteori...@yahoo.com __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Ablation Zone 5 Layers...AND Crust
Elton and List: I just wanted to point out that in much of the literature (and on the web) it is stated that there is a fusion crust on irons, so I do not think this is the your argument. It is how the term is should be used. I think you make many valid points and I have done some reading on the subject - and thus, learning more about it. It appears that the so called crust that forms on stony meteorites and irons may be very different, both in their content and how they form. On a stony, the outer layer heats very rapidly and starts the process of ablation. Then material is removed (causing the vapor trail) and a protective coating forms as the melt cools and forms a glass like Material. As we know, the different mineral content produces different fusion crust: light brown on Aubrites, dark brown to black on chondrites and a very glossy black on Eucrites and Martian Meteorites due to the Calcium content. Now on irons, the stone ablates (as we can see flow lines) but the so called crust may be different; not a glassy substance like on a stony but more of an iridescent coating. This very well could be the result of minor amounts of silicate and perhaps even carbon related substances within the iron. I think a paper discussing the similarities and differences of the fusion crust or thermal coatings on stony, stony-iron and iron meteorite would be fascinating; if it has not be done already. Please let me point out that I enjoy these posts as it provides a great learning tool. Much Thanks, Greg S. Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 22:12:29 -0800 From: mstrema...@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Ablation Zone 5 Layers...AND Crust To: altm...@meteorite-martin.de; meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com; stanleygr...@hotmail.com - Greg Stanley wrote: See Fig. 1 on this UCLA web page. http://www.ess.ucla.edu/research/cosmochem/meteorite.asp Not sure if Dr. Wasson has written any papers regarding fusion crusts on irons, but I would think he would endorse anything on the web page. So Gregg, if your statement is true, Dr.Wasson and/or UCLA endorses the formation of rusty fusion crust actually formed during decent? ( Fig 1 or is it the regmaglyts that formed during passage and they are on top of the rusty fusion crust?) The issue is deeper than the semantic arguments, glossary obsolesence and lies in the differences of origin, composition, and presence of crust on different classes of meteorites. In the old school, a crust is generally removable from the underlying substrate and a dipping in molten metal alloy pushes the envelope of being a crust, however Buchwald illustrated that this was a combination of free metal and oxides. I conceed that irons--most all freshly fallen ones anyway , do have a fused surface that we can by convention call crust but the question remains as to what is the crust which is a few microns thick versus coatings and halos etc. There is danger of promoting ignorance by making assumptions that everything which is called crust is identical. I am old school and I have the (un)reasonable expectation that where a distinction does lie, that the collector can understand why things are the way they are and not abuse the descriptions when they try to peddle their specimens. Very few understood the distinction of silicate content when addressing irons as the presence of silicates,oxides, carbides,phosphides, etc largely govern the nature of a particular crust and gives insight into what went on during that miliseconds of exposure when the final surface was formed. Why it matters to me is 1) the abuse of the term in describing meteorite conditions 2) the science of understanding the differences in crust origin and composition and 3) how do we make the distinction amongst flight markings and do they differ from fusion crust? I am satisfied that 1)one of the iron specimens cited in this discussion apparently do have a silicate content that provided for a glassy fusion crust and its origin is intriguing scientifically. 2)That by definition alone (fused + coating) the irons do routinely have a fused coating/crust which differs significantly from our traditional concept of crust even though it is indistinguishable from the interior to the naked eye. (Do folks really see the crust or do they see if because it is supposed to be there?) At what point in weathering do we see that the welded crust/layer on an iron has rusted away given it is a few microns thick? 90% of the time, the seller will be claiming crusted long after the crust is gone, IMO. I've seen little to nothing so far that invalidates describing the ablation zone nor crust in layers--Nor did Buchwald, apparently. Finally, the term big-head someone used probably translates to arrogant Either way it was used in error as I was misunderstood. I did not disparage the pioneers in the
[meteorite-list] Sign me up!
http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/091123-manned-asteroid-mission.html Plan for Human Mission to Asteroid Gains Speed By Leonard David SPACE.coms Space Insider Columnist posted: 23 November 2009 11:56 am ET BOULDER, Colo. Call it Operation: Plymouth Rock. A plan to send a crew of astronauts to an asteroid is gaining momentum, both within NASA and industry circles. Not only would the deep space sojourn shake out hardware, it would also build confidence in long-duration stints at the moon and Mars. At the same time, the trek would sharpen skills to deal with a future space rock found on a collision course with Earth. In Lockheed Martin briefing charts, the mission has been dubbed Plymouth Rock An Early Human Asteroid Mission Using Orion. Lockheed is the builder of NASA's Orion spacecraft, the capsule-based replacement for the space shuttle. Study teams are now readying high-level briefings for NASA leaders - perhaps as early as this week - on a pilgrimage to an asteroid, along with appraisals of anchoring large, astronaut-enabled telescopes far from Earth, a human precursor mission to the vicinity of Mars, as well as an initiative to power-beam energy from space to Earth. The briefings have been spurred in response to the recent Review of U.S. Human Spaceflight Plans Committee and the option of a Flexible Path to human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. On this path, the committee suggested, humans would visit sites never visited before and extend U.S. savvy in how to operate in space - while traversing greater and greater distances from Earth. Building momentum The merits of a human mission to a Near Earth Object (NEO) were detailed here Nov. 18 during a two-day meeting of the Small Bodies Assessment Group, SBAG for short. SBAG was established by NASA in 2008 to identify scientific priorities and opportunities for the exploration of asteroids, comets, interplanetary dust, small satellites, and Trans-Neptunian Objects. The group also provides scientific input on the utility of asteroids and comets in support of human space activities. The new studies are viewed as an iterative process - to be weighed both by NASA and the White House, said Paul Abell, a research scientist at the Planetary Science Institute detailed to the space agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and working in the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate. It's going to take a bit of time. I don't think there's going to be a quick decision. How the White House will react to a human trek to an asteroid is beyond anybody's crystal ball. However, undertaking the effort has garnered the attention of Lockheed Martin - builder of the space shuttle replacement - the Orion spacecraft. Asteroid-bound Orion The Plymouth Rock mission study began a couple years ago, said Josh Hopkins, in the advanced programs for human space flight division at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company in Denver, Colo. We have been looking at what other interesting science missions could be done with Orion...and asteroids were one of the ideas that percolated to the top, Hopkins told the SBAG attendees. He made it clear that the firm's study was done using corporate funds and doesn't imply that NASA has endorsed company results. Initial looks at the NEO venture involve the coupling of two Orion spacecraft. In this situation, a two-person Orion would link up with an unpiloted sister craft that's loaded with extra fuel, food, water, and oxygen. It would be tossed into orbit - as well as an Earth departure stage - by NASA's planned Ares V heavy-lift booster. Bridging the moon and Mars While detailed NASA and industry looks at the makings of a NEO mission are still in play - including use of inflatable modules to add crew volume - it's an attractive option, Hopkins said. It's really a good middle-step between the moon and Mars. However, maximizing astronaut safety, dealing with such things as trash management, cosmic rays, sketching out abort scenarios must still be addressed, Hopkins noted. But given the core attributes already built into the Orion system we think it does make sense for the human spaceflight program to be investigating this, he said. Between NASA and industry looks, the flight of astronauts to a NEO could occur in the 2020 to 2025 time period. The round-trip mission would take some six months. There would be no landing on the asteroid. Rather, they would park in close proximity, then jet backpack onto the object. Once there, science gear would be deployed as samples of the space rock are gathered on the order of a couple hundred pounds (100 kilograms). We assume staying at the asteroid for five days. They could stay a week or two. But staying for a month gets hard, Hopkins explained. While on duty, astronauts would engage in gathering data useful to understand the internal makeup of the asteroid. That, in turn, is solidly helpful, he added, in dealing with harmful space rocks on a worrisome
[meteorite-list] SALE- Santa Rosa Iron Smaller more affordable specimens
Hi List, I have cut down some of the Santa Rosa iron meteorite, do to the high demand of smaller affordable specimens. See all that is available below! http://www.meteoritemadness.com/santarosa.html First emailed, first served! Thanks Bob C. HENRY A. WARD AND THE RECOVERY OF THE SANTA ROSA, COLOMBIA, METEORITE H. Plotkin, Department of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A3K7, Canada. Email:hplot...@uwo.ca Henry A. Ward (1834-1906) was perhaps the shrewdest and most enthusiastic meteorite collector of his day. He was also very knowledgeable. Word of a massive iron meteorite in Santa Rosa, Colombia, captured his imagination. Ward's interest can best be viewed in the context of the confusion that existed between this meteorite and two other irons that had been found nearby, Tocavita and Rasgata. In an effort to clear up the mess-- and also to see if he could acquire the meteorite in whole or in part--he decided to visit the desolate locale in 1906, a few weeks prior to his 72nd birthday. My account of Ward's Colombian trip is primarily based on the extensive collection of unpublished material in the Henry A. Ward papers at the University of Rochester, including diaries, correspondence, and photographs. Upon arrival in Colombia, it took Ward nineteen days by steamer, mule, and carriage to reach Santa Rosa. He arrived at nightfall, but as soon as he looked out from his hotel window the next morning, he saw the large meteorite (612.5 kg) perched atop a fluted column in the middle of the town square. Ward realized the meteorite was highly venerated by the townspeople, and knew it would be extremely difficult--if not impossible--to acquire any of it. But he had a clever plan. Calling on the Governor, Ward boldly proposed an exchange: in return for a promise to erect a statue in the town square of the President of the Republic (who happened to have been born in Santa Rosa), he would be given the entire meteorite. The Governor liked this idea, and at a stormy meeting with the Mayor and other municipal officers forced their approval. Late that night, in the middle of a large eating and drinking party which Ward threw at his hotel for the townspeople, the Governor and a party of 50 soldiers quietly overturned the column, placed the meteorite on a cart, and whisked it away. Ward left for Bogota the next day, but shortly after reaching there heard that the Chief of the Colombian police had sent out a party that had captured his wagon, retrieved the meteorite, and locked up the cart driver. Although Ward insisted he had proper authorization for the meteorite, a heated legal battle ensued. A decision by the Minister of Public Instruction forbade him to leave the country with the meteorite, but he was allowed to cut off a large endpiece (147.5 kg) for his efforts. Ward took this back with him to New York, but he died tragically a few months after his return, when struck by an automobile while crossing a street in Buffalo. Ward's unfinished report on the Santa Rosa meteorite will be examined, as will our present understanding of its relationship to Tocavita and Rasgata. The main mass of the Santa Rosa meteorite (about 460 kg) is now in the National Museum in Bogota, while Ward's endpiece was cut up and distributed to various museums throughout the world for study and curation. 67th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2004) 5038.pdf __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Space junk?
Hi Mike - Space Junk? E.P. Grondine Man and Impact in the Americas __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar
Related and morbid but interesting... ...(CNN) -- Two fingers cut from the hand of Italian astronomer Galileo nearly 300 years ago have been rediscovered more than a century after they were last seen, an Italian museum director said Monday... CNN World: Galileo's missing fingers found in jar http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/23/galileo.fingers/index.html Regards Eric Wichman Meteorites USA __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar
can't wait till they hit ebay! On Mon, Nov 23, 2009 at 4:47 PM, Meteorites USA e...@meteoritesusa.com wrote: Related and morbid but interesting... ...(CNN) -- Two fingers cut from the hand of Italian astronomer Galileo nearly 300 years ago have been rediscovered more than a century after they were last seen, an Italian museum director said Monday... CNN World: Galileo's missing fingers found in jar http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/23/galileo.fingers/index.html Regards Eric Wichman Meteorites USA __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar
Don't laugh (and yes, OT): http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/11/23/mussolinis_brain/ M Mike Hankey wrote: can't wait till they hit ebay! On Mon, Nov 23, 2009 at 4:47 PM, Meteorites USA e...@meteoritesusa.com wrote: Related and morbid but interesting... ...(CNN) -- Two fingers cut from the hand of Italian astronomer Galileo nearly 300 years ago have been rediscovered more than a century after they were last seen, an Italian museum director said Monday... -- Mark's Meteorite Pages: http://meteorites.cc -- I am using the free version of SPAMfighter. We are a community of 6 million users fighting spam. SPAMfighter has removed 1196 of my spam emails to date. Get the free SPAMfighter here: http://www.spamfighter.com/len The Professional version does not have this message __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar
Don't laugh neither: Search for: relic* -medal* -rosary -icon -statue -water -image And there for the 1st class relics. Each week. In German ebay it's forbidden to sell body parts. And there someone should still say, that meteorite collecting is a weird hobby... Martin -Ursprüngliche Nachricht- Von: meteorite-list-boun...@meteoritecentral.com [mailto:meteorite-list-boun...@meteoritecentral.com] Im Auftrag von Mark Crawford Gesendet: Montag, 23. November 2009 23:03 An: Mike Hankey Cc: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Betreff: Re: [meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar Don't laugh (and yes, OT): http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/11/23/mussolinis_brain/ M Mike Hankey wrote: can't wait till they hit ebay! On Mon, Nov 23, 2009 at 4:47 PM, Meteorites USA e...@meteoritesusa.com wrote: Related and morbid but interesting... ...(CNN) -- Two fingers cut from the hand of Italian astronomer Galileo nearly 300 years ago have been rediscovered more than a century after they were last seen, an Italian museum director said Monday... -- Mark's Meteorite Pages: http://meteorites.cc -- I am using the free version of SPAMfighter. We are a community of 6 million users fighting spam. SPAMfighter has removed 1196 of my spam emails to date. Get the free SPAMfighter here: http://www.spamfighter.com/len The Professional version does not have this message __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Galileo's missing fingers found in jar
Hi Mike, All The fingers and tooth are already on ebay. Item number 350275205445 ;-) Graham, UK Mike Hankey mike.han...@gmail.com wrote: can't wait till they hit ebay! On Mon, Nov 23, 2009 at 4:47 PM, Meteorites USA e...@meteoritesusa.com wrote: Related and morbid but interesting... ...(CNN) -- Two fingers cut from the hand of Italian astronomer Galileo nearly 300 years ago have been rediscovered more than a century after they were last seen, an Italian museum director said Monday... CNN World: Galileo's missing fingers found in jar http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/23/galileo.fingers/index.html Regards Eric Wichman Meteorites USA __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Free Spirit: Third Extrication Drive Ends With Wheel Stall
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2009-173 Free Spirit: Third Extrication Drive Ends With Wheel Stall Jet Propulsion Laboratory November 23, 2009 Spirit experienced a wheel stall with the right-rear wheel during the second step of a two-step drive on Sol 2092 (Saturday, Nov. 21). This is not the same wheel that stalled on Sol 1899 (May 6), the left-middle wheel. On Sol 2092, the right-rear wheel did not experience a hard stall like what was seen on Sol 1899. Instead, it stalled because the wheel's progress fell behind the expected rotation rate. The rover had completed about 4 meters (13 feet) of commanded wheel spin before the stall terminated the drive. The center of the rover moved about 4 millimeters (0.2 inch) forward, 3 millimeters (0.1 inch) to the left and about 3 millimeters (0.1 inch) down. The rover suspension stayed within the tighter limits set for the drive, and there was only a fractional change in rover tilt. The plan ahead for today, Nov. 23, is to sequence a set of diagnostics to explore the right rear wheel stall. The diagnostics will include a rotor resistance test, a possible steering test, a small backward rotation of just the right-rear wheel and a short (about 1 meter, or 3 feet) forward commanded motion of the rover. Resumption of the extrication driving would be no sooner than Wednesday. Guy Webster 818-354-6278 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. guy.webs...@jpl.nasa.gov Dwayne Brown 202-358-1726 NASA Headquarters, Washington dwayne.c.br...@nasa.gov 2009-173 __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD: 10% Off Take All Deals
OK Guys, I have some good deals for those who've been waiting. ONE TIME OFFER: First Come First Served - Take All Deal for everything below = $550 Paypal Only - Will Ship Tomorrow! Free Shipping Inside the USA BRENHAM PALLASITE SLICES: 46.1g Polished Brenham Pallasite Slice - Translucent Green Crystals - $161 http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/brenham-meteorites/brenham-46-1g-b.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/brenham-meteorites/brenham-46-1g.jpg 51.3g Polished Brenham Pallasite Slice - $175 http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/brenham-meteorites/brenham-51-3g-d.jpg MUONIONALUSTA: 10% Off Individual Marked Price or Take All MUNONIONALUSTA For Only $99 20.8g Etched Muonionalusta Iron Meteorite $20 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-20-8g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-20-8g-a.jpg 34.1g Etched Muonionalusta Iron Meteorite $30 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-34-1g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-34-1g-a.jpg 35.3g Etched Muonionalusta Iron Meteorite $30 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-35-3g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-35-3g-a.jpg 36.9g Etched Muonionalusta Iron Meteorite $30 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-36-9g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/muonionalusta-meteorites/muonionalusta-36-9g-a.jpg CANYON DIABLO: 10% Off Individual Marked Price or Take All CANYON DIABLO For Only $99 15.5g Etched Canyon Diablo Iron Meteorite $13 Beautifully Etched specimen of the Canyon Diablo Iron meteorite. http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-15-5g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-15-5g-a.jpg 17.7g Etched Canyon Diablo Iron Meteorite $15 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-17-7g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-17-7g-a.jpg 21.3g (SIDE A) Canyon Diablo Etched Part Slice: $20 http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-etched-21-3g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-etched-21-3g-a.jpg 76.2g (SIDE A) Canyon Diablo Etched Part Slice: $70 http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-etched-76-2g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/canyon-diablo-meteorites/cd-etched-76-2g-a.jpg NANTAN: 10% Off Individual Marked Price or Take All NANTAN For Only $99 11-6g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $12 TROILITE INCLUSION Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-11-6g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-11-6g-a.jpg 16.9g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $15 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-16-9g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-16-9g-a.jpg 20.3g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $17 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-20-3g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-20-3g-a.jpg 20.5g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $17 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-20-5g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-20-5g-a.jpg 28.0g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $25 Beautifully Etched http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-28-0g.jpg http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan-meteorites/nantan-28-0g-a.jpg 51.8g Etched Nantan Iron Meteorite $40 Beautifully Etched THICK end cut specimen of the Nantan Iron meteorite. This is the Only End Piece I have. http://www.meteoritesusa.com/images/meteorites-for-sale/nantan/nantan-51-8g.jpg - Call me to order or send an email. Regards, Eric Wichman Meteorites USA 904-236-5394 __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD-Australite Fully Flanged Button 0.99cents No Reserve!
Hello all, Im heading back home soon so I need some cash to fund my trip. Im listing my button with no reserve starting at 99cents. It was previously listed at Buy It Now for $1999 with now takers but a LOT of watchers! Here is the link: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItemrd=1item=350283673840ssPageName=STRK:MESE:IT Thanks for your time and Happy Holidays! Cheers, Desmond Leong IMCA #2254 http://www.TektiteInc.com http://stores.ebay.com/Tektite-Inc http://search.ebay.com/_W0QQsassZtektiteinc-dot-com __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Ablation Zone 5 Layers...AND Crust
Now there's a $27.87 dollar word if I ever heard one-autodidactly One who is self taught. WOW - Original Message - From: MEM mstrema...@yahoo.com To: altm...@meteorite-martin.de; meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com; Greg Stanley stanleygr...@hotmail.com Sent: Monday, November 23, 2009 12:12 AM Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Ablation Zone 5 Layers...AND Crust - Greg Stanley wrote: See Fig. 1 on this UCLA web page. http://www.ess.ucla.edu/research/cosmochem/meteorite.asp Not sure if Dr. Wasson has written any papers regarding fusion crusts on irons, but I would think he would endorse anything on the web page. So Gregg, if your statement is true, Dr.Wasson and/or UCLA endorses the formation of rusty fusion crust actually formed during decent? ( Fig 1 or is it the regmaglyts that formed during passage and they are on top of the rusty fusion crust?) The issue is deeper than the semantic arguments, glossary obsolesence and lies in the differences of origin, composition, and presence of crust on different classes of meteorites. In the old school, a crust is generally removable from the underlying substrate and a dipping in molten metal alloy pushes the envelope of being a crust, however Buchwald illustrated that this was a combination of free metal and oxides. I conceed that irons--most all freshly fallen ones anyway , do have a fused surface that we can by convention call crust but the question remains as to what is the crust which is a few microns thick versus coatings and halos etc. There is danger of promoting ignorance by making assumptions that everything which is called crust is identical. I am old school and I have the (un)reasonable expectation that where a distinction does lie, that the collector can understand why things are the way they are and not abuse the descriptions when they try to peddle their specimens. Very few understood the distinction of silicate content when addressing irons as the presence of silicates,oxides, carbides,phosphides, etc largely govern the nature of a particular crust and gives insight into what went on during that miliseconds of exposure when the final surface was formed. Why it matters to me is 1) the abuse of the term in describing meteorite conditions 2) the science of understanding the differences in crust origin and composition and 3) how do we make the distinction amongst flight markings and do they differ from fusion crust? I am satisfied that 1)one of the iron specimens cited in this discussion apparently do have a silicate content that provided for a glassy fusion crust and its origin is intriguing scientifically. 2)That by definition alone (fused + coating) the irons do routinely have a fused coating/crust which differs significantly from our traditional concept of crust even though it is indistinguishable from the interior to the naked eye. (Do folks really see the crust or do they see if because it is supposed to be there?) At what point in weathering do we see that the welded crust/layer on an iron has rusted away given it is a few microns thick? 90% of the time, the seller will be claiming crusted long after the crust is gone, IMO. I've seen little to nothing so far that invalidates describing the ablation zone nor crust in layers--Nor did Buchwald, apparently. Finally, the term big-head someone used probably translates to arrogant Either way it was used in error as I was misunderstood. I did not disparage the pioneers in the field or meteoritical study. They gained their meteoritical knowledge largely autodidactly when they came over. I mentioned their former fields because when an individual crosses over into a different field of research, one can not just presume that they immediately acquire the entire knowledge base of those who were formerly educated in the same field. Elton __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] GPS Photographing Meteorites in the field
Some months ago I went on my first meteorite hunt and hope to try my hand at it again in the not too distant future. On my first hunting trip I used my automotive unit, since it easily fit into my pocket. My other GPS is an aviation unit and is much larger and heavier. Obviously neither is optimal for hunting or hiking. I'm looking at hiking GPSr units that have a camera built in, specifically the Garmin Oregon 550. This unit automatically tags the all the images made with it with the longitude latitude where the image was made. Most of the images of new discoveries I've seen show a blacked out GPS next to the stone. I'm just curious if any of you active hunters are using geo-tagging GPS cameras or if there is a specific reason not to use one. Its easy enough to strip out the coordinates embedded in the image file if you don't want to leave this in any distributed copies of the image, so that isn't a reason not to use one. Any input is appreciated. Thanks -- Richard Kowalski http://fullmoonphotography.net IMCA #1081 __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] What is or is not a chondrule?
Better late than never I always say. It was an interesting post too. Thanks, Jeff - Original Message - From: Carl 's carloselgua...@hotmail.com To: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Sent: Tuesday, November 24, 2009 1:28 AM Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] What is or is not a chondrule? Hi Elton, I couldn't help notice Walter originally asked this question way back July 6, 2006.:) I don't have a point but thought it was funny. Carl Elton wrote: ...I don't know if you ever got an answer to your question but I had it marked for follow up... _ Hotmail: Trusted email with Microsoft's powerful SPAM protection. http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/177141664/direct/01/ http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/177141664/direct/01/ __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ http://www.meteoritecentral.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
