Re: Question re dhclient.conf...Addenedum
Finding that the interfaces this is called on do not necessarily come up on a timing (or at all) I've modified the script called from an /etc/hostname.if file or from openvpn as an "up" script so it will wait on the interface coming up (and could be timedout there if..) ... #!/bin/ksh # called from /etc/hostname.IF, eg. # : hostname.reo # and from /var/openvpn/client.conf # e.g in /etc/hostname.re0 # : dhcp NONE NONE NONE # : !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.ksh $if host.urdom.ca export BBYG=184.70.166.123 until [[ `ifconfig $1 2>&1 | grep "status: "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` == 'active' ]] do sleep 1 echo -n $1' ' done export ADDR=`ifconfig $1 | grep "inet "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` echo "server $BBYG zone indx.ca key $2 7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg== update delete $2 A update add $2. 86400 A $ADDR send " | nsupdate # When bringing up a new interface sshd wont notice until it has to... /usr/bin/pkill -1 -f '/usr/sbin/sshd' exit 0 On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 08:03:14 -0600 Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates > via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses > are subject to change. I have a solution that > will remain stable so long as the !command > hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is > not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface > as it can't exclude calls that don't change > the interface, but hey... > > # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 > dhcp > !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if > > more /usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh > #!/bin/ksh > #rdate to make sure we're sync'd with the dydns server > echo $@ >> /tmp/ddns.log > date >> /tmp/ddns.log > /usr/sbin/rdate -o 192.168.1.22 > export ADDR=`ifconfig $1 | grep "inet "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` > echo "server 192.168.1.22 > zone indx.ca > key u32.indx.ca 7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg== > update delete u32.indx.ca. A > update add u32.indx.ca. 86400 A $ADDR > send > " | nsupdate > exit 0 > > where key is the shared private key produced by the output of > > dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n USER u32.indx.ca. > > found in the output file Ku32.indx.ca.+157+08659.private > > and added to /var/named/keys.conf on the named server > in the form > > key "u32.indx.ca" { > algorithm hmac-md5; > secret "7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg=="; > }; > > and an entry to etc/named.conf > > zone "indx.ca" > { > ... > allow-update > { > . > . > key u32.indx.ca ; > . > . >}; > }; > > Dhu > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 14:13:48 +0200 > Bruno Flueckiger wrote: > > > On 29.09.2014 13:39, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 > > > Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > > > > >> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > > >> > > >> script "tosomfile" ; > > >> > > >> option that could, amongst other things, be used to > > >> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > > >> > > >> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > > >> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > > >> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > > >> between 5.1 and 5.5. > > >> > > >> Any info would be appreciated. > > >> > > >> Thanks, > > >> > > >> Dhu > > >> > > >> -- > > >> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > >> > > >> > > >> > > > > > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. > > > > > > "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. > > > Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing > > > sockets. " > > > > > > Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And > > > without a dhclient-script to > > > hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key > > > mechanism. > > > > > > Dhu > > > > If your goal is to set entries in DNS for a machine which acts as DHCP > > client there are two other possibilities I know of: > > > > 1. Use a reservation in DHCP server together with fixed entries in DNS > > > > 2. Get ISC DHCP from ports and configure it to make dynamic updates to > > BIND > > > > Depending on your exact setup there may be other ways to achieve the > > same as you did with the script. > > > > Bruno > > > > > > > -- > Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 10:24:44 -0400 Jiri B wrote: > On Mon, Sep 29, 2014 at 08:03:14AM -0600, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates > > via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses > > are subject to change. I have a solution that > > will remain stable so long as the !command > > hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is > > not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface > > as it can't exclude calls that don't change > > the interface, but hey... > > > > # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 > > dhcp > > !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if > > This is executed only during boot or explicitly > via netstart. So you believe your IP won't be changed > by DHCP. > > j. > For the use that I wanted it is sufficient: code to park on a remote box that may be connected (manually) for occasional maintenance. If it's reasonable from other perspectives I think it would be good to reinclude the external command option in dhclient.conf. Otherwise monitoring the dhcp lease with the -L flag I had not thought of but does provide the necessary trigger to update dns. Thanks, Dhu -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On 2014-09-30, sven falempin wrote: > > I also parse and do custom action with the lease file, > so i forgot all concern about the absence of script hook. > I also regurlarly monitor the lease, so i did not use > > http://entrproject.org/ , looks good stuff It is. This isn't quite what it was designed for, but it's normal for a proper unix utility to be able to do that ;) > (I believe may be wrong ) is there a working INotify for bsd in perl ? There's a (fairly early) libinotify port using a kqueue backend, no idea if there's anything that can use it in Perl. But, for BSDs, IO::KQueue is probably a better idea.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, Sep 29, 2014 at 8:42 PM, Stuart Henderson wrote: > On 2014-09-29, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: >> On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 >> Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: >> >>> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a >>> >>> script "tosomfile" ; >>> >>> option that could, amongst other things, be used to >>> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. >>> >>> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to >>> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish >>> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes >>> between 5.1 and 5.5. >>> >>> Any info would be appreciated. >>> >>> Thanks, >>> >>> Dhu >>> >>> -- >>> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. >>> >>> >>> >> >> I found it in the 5.3 changes.. >> >> "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. Do all >> interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing sockets. " >> >> Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And >> without a dhclient-script to >> hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key >> mechanism. > > I use entr (in ports) to monitor a file written by dhclient -L which > I use as a trigger, I then parse that same file to pick up the relevant > information from the new lease and handle it appropriately. > > There were some changes to dhclient needed for this to work nicely (for > example, to avoid inode number changes), IIRC these went in post-5.5. > I also parse and do custom action with the lease file, so i forgot all concern about the absence of script hook. I also regurlarly monitor the lease, so i did not use http://entrproject.org/ , looks good stuff (I believe may be wrong ) is there a working INotify for bsd in perl ? -- - () ascii ribbon campaign - against html e-mail /\
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On 2014-09-29, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 > Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > >> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a >> >> script "tosomfile" ; >> >> option that could, amongst other things, be used to >> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. >> >> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to >> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish >> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes >> between 5.1 and 5.5. >> >> Any info would be appreciated. >> >> Thanks, >> >> Dhu >> >> -- >> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. >> >> >> > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. > > "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. Do all > interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing sockets. " > > Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And > without a dhclient-script to > hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key > mechanism. I use entr (in ports) to monitor a file written by dhclient -L which I use as a trigger, I then parse that same file to pick up the relevant information from the new lease and handle it appropriately. There were some changes to dhclient needed for this to work nicely (for example, to avoid inode number changes), IIRC these went in post-5.5.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, Sep 29, 2014 at 08:03:14AM -0600, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates > via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses > are subject to change. I have a solution that > will remain stable so long as the !command > hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is > not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface > as it can't exclude calls that don't change > the interface, but hey... > > # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 > dhcp > !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if This is executed only during boot or explicitly via netstart. So you believe your IP won't be changed by DHCP. j.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 10:11:27 -0400 Stuart McMurray wrote: > On Monday, September 29, 2014, Duncan Patton a Campbell > wrote: > > > My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates > > via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses > > are subject to change. I have a solution that > > will remain stable so long as the !command > > hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is > > not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface > > as it can't exclude calls that don't change > > the interface, but hey... > > > > # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 > > dhcp > > !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if > > > > more /usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh > > #!/bin/ksh > > #rdate to make sure we're sync'd with the dydns server > > echo $@ >> /tmp/ddns.log > > date >> /tmp/ddns.log > > /usr/sbin/rdate -o 192.168.1.22 > > export ADDR=`ifconfig $1 | grep "inet "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` > > echo "server 192.168.1.22 > > zone indx.ca > > key u32.indx.ca 7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg== > > update delete u32.indx.ca. A > > update add u32.indx.ca. 86400 A $ADDR > > send > > " | nsupdate > > exit 0 > > > > where key is the shared private key produced by the output of > > > > dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n USER u32.indx.ca. > > > > found in the output file Ku32.indx.ca.+157+08659.private > > > > and added to /var/named/keys.conf on the named server > > in the form > > > > key "u32.indx.ca" { > > algorithm hmac-md5; > > secret "7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg=="; > > }; > > > > and an entry to etc/named.conf > > > > zone "indx.ca" > > { > > ... > > allow-update > > { > > . > > . > > key u32.indx.ca ; > > . > > . > >}; > > }; > > > > Dhu > > > > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 14:13:48 +0200 > > Bruno Flueckiger > wrote: > > > > > On 29.09.2014 13:39, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 > > > > Duncan Patton a Campbell > wrote: > > > > > > > >> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > > > >> > > > >> script "tosomfile" ; > > > >> > > > >> option that could, amongst other things, be used to > > > >> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > > > >> > > > >> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > > > >> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > > > >> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > > > >> between 5.1 and 5.5. > > > >> > > > >> Any info would be appreciated. > > > >> > > > >> Thanks, > > > >> > > > >> Dhu > > > >> > > > >> -- > > > >> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > > > > > > > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. > > > > > > > > "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. > > > > Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing > > > > sockets. " > > > > > > > > Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And > > > > without a dhclient-script to > > > > hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key > > > > mechanism. > > > > > > > > Dhu > > > > > > If your goal is to set entries in DNS for a machine which acts as DHCP > > > client there are two other possibilities I know of: > > > > > > 1. Use a reservation in DHCP server together with fixed entries in DNS > > > > > > 2. Get ISC DHCP from ports and configure it to make dynamic updates to > > > BIND > > > > > > Depending on your exact setup there may be other ways to achieve the > > > same as you did with the script. > > > > > > Bruno > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > > > Why not have the DHCP server update DNS? > > > -- > J. Stuart McMurray This works in the case that you don't control the DHCP server and need to rely on some public/stock configuration. Dhu -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Monday, September 29, 2014, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates > via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses > are subject to change. I have a solution that > will remain stable so long as the !command > hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is > not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface > as it can't exclude calls that don't change > the interface, but hey... > > # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 > dhcp > !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if > > more /usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh > #!/bin/ksh > #rdate to make sure we're sync'd with the dydns server > echo $@ >> /tmp/ddns.log > date >> /tmp/ddns.log > /usr/sbin/rdate -o 192.168.1.22 > export ADDR=`ifconfig $1 | grep "inet "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` > echo "server 192.168.1.22 > zone indx.ca > key u32.indx.ca 7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg== > update delete u32.indx.ca. A > update add u32.indx.ca. 86400 A $ADDR > send > " | nsupdate > exit 0 > > where key is the shared private key produced by the output of > > dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n USER u32.indx.ca. > > found in the output file Ku32.indx.ca.+157+08659.private > > and added to /var/named/keys.conf on the named server > in the form > > key "u32.indx.ca" { > algorithm hmac-md5; > secret "7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J > Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg=="; > }; > > and an entry to etc/named.conf > > zone "indx.ca" > { > ... > allow-update > { > . > . > key u32.indx.ca ; > . > . >}; > }; > > Dhu > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 14:13:48 +0200 > Bruno Flueckiger > wrote: > > > On 29.09.2014 13:39, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 > > > Duncan Patton a Campbell > wrote: > > > > > >> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > > >> > > >> script "tosomfile" ; > > >> > > >> option that could, amongst other things, be used to > > >> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > > >> > > >> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > > >> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > > >> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > > >> between 5.1 and 5.5. > > >> > > >> Any info would be appreciated. > > >> > > >> Thanks, > > >> > > >> Dhu > > >> > > >> -- > > >> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > >> > > >> > > >> > > > > > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. > > > > > > "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. > > > Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing > > > sockets. " > > > > > > Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And > > > without a dhclient-script to > > > hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key > > > mechanism. > > > > > > Dhu > > > > If your goal is to set entries in DNS for a machine which acts as DHCP > > client there are two other possibilities I know of: > > > > 1. Use a reservation in DHCP server together with fixed entries in DNS > > > > 2. Get ISC DHCP from ports and configure it to make dynamic updates to > > BIND > > > > Depending on your exact setup there may be other ways to achieve the > > same as you did with the script. > > > > Bruno > > > > > > > -- > Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > Why not have the DHCP server update DNS? -- J. Stuart McMurray
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
My purpose here is to allow dynamic dns updates via nsupdate from a dhcp clients where addresses are subject to change. I have a solution that will remain stable so long as the !command hook in hostname.if remains stable. This is not as good as the dhclient.conf script interface as it can't exclude calls that don't change the interface, but hey... # more /etc/hostname.nfe0 dhcp !/usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh $if more /usr/local/sbin/dydns.sh #!/bin/ksh #rdate to make sure we're sync'd with the dydns server echo $@ >> /tmp/ddns.log date >> /tmp/ddns.log /usr/sbin/rdate -o 192.168.1.22 export ADDR=`ifconfig $1 | grep "inet "| cut -d ' ' -f 2` echo "server 192.168.1.22 zone indx.ca key u32.indx.ca 7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg== update delete u32.indx.ca. A update add u32.indx.ca. 86400 A $ADDR send " | nsupdate exit 0 where key is the shared private key produced by the output of dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n USER u32.indx.ca. found in the output file Ku32.indx.ca.+157+08659.private and added to /var/named/keys.conf on the named server in the form key "u32.indx.ca" { algorithm hmac-md5; secret "7U6+9Bqymcyn21vLHIlf9DWVIYvljkn/GIMqNhg3YpaSxUDoarpBPz/J Pm52kWD9GG1mpewiiKsYCcarWF2wUg=="; }; and an entry to etc/named.conf zone "indx.ca" { ... allow-update { . . key u32.indx.ca ; . . }; }; Dhu On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 14:13:48 +0200 Bruno Flueckiger wrote: > On 29.09.2014 13:39, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 > > Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > > > >> /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > >> > >> script "tosomfile" ; > >> > >> option that could, amongst other things, be used to > >> set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > >> > >> This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > >> figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > >> this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > >> between 5.1 and 5.5. > >> > >> Any info would be appreciated. > >> > >> Thanks, > >> > >> Dhu > >> > >> -- > >> Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > >> > >> > >> > > > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. > > > > "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. > > Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing > > sockets. " > > > > Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And > > without a dhclient-script to > > hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key > > mechanism. > > > > Dhu > > If your goal is to set entries in DNS for a machine which acts as DHCP > client there are two other possibilities I know of: > > 1. Use a reservation in DHCP server together with fixed entries in DNS > > 2. Get ISC DHCP from ports and configure it to make dynamic updates to > BIND > > Depending on your exact setup there may be other ways to achieve the > same as you did with the script. > > Bruno > > -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On 29.09.2014 13:39, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a script "tosomfile" ; option that could, amongst other things, be used to set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. This functionality has been removed and I am trying to figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes between 5.1 and 5.5. Any info would be appreciated. Thanks, Dhu -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. I found it in the 5.3 changes.. "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing sockets. " Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And without a dhclient-script to hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key mechanism. Dhu If your goal is to set entries in DNS for a machine which acts as DHCP client there are two other possibilities I know of: 1. Use a reservation in DHCP server together with fixed entries in DNS 2. Get ISC DHCP from ports and configure it to make dynamic updates to BIND Depending on your exact setup there may be other ways to achieve the same as you did with the script. Bruno
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, Sep 29, 2014 at 05:28:27AM -0600, Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > > script "tosomfile" ; > > option that could, amongst other things, be used to > set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > > This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > between 5.1 and 5.5. > > Any info would be appreciated. dhclient(8) and '-L' option. Then you would need to cook your own "daemon" to monitor content of this file. j.
Re: Question re dhclient.conf
On Mon, 29 Sep 2014 05:28:27 -0600 Duncan Patton a Campbell wrote: > /etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a > > script "tosomfile" ; > > option that could, amongst other things, be used to > set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. > > This functionality has been removed and I am trying to > figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish > this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes > between 5.1 and 5.5. > > Any info would be appreciated. > > Thanks, > > Dhu > > -- > Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco. > > > I found it in the 5.3 changes.. "Removed dhclient-script(8) and dhclient.conf(5) "script" directive. Do all interface and route configuration via ioctl's and routing sockets. " Unfortunately this mechanism was used for more than just routing. And without a dhclient-script to hack I don't see how a dynamic address can be updated vi the named/key mechanism. Dhu -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.
Question re dhclient.conf
/etc/dhclient.conf used to contain a script "tosomfile" ; option that could, amongst other things, be used to set a dynamic assigned dns address to a named server. This functionality has been removed and I am trying to figure out if there was some other mechanism to accomplish this but I can't find any refs to it in the changes between 5.1 and 5.5. Any info would be appreciated. Thanks, Dhu -- Ne obliviscaris, vix ea nostra voco.