Re: [OGD] Orchids Digest, Vol 10, Issue 107
Is it possible the plant is actually a Brassia arachnoidea and has been mislabeled? Charle > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Reply-To: orchids@orchidguide.com > Date: Sun, 06 Apr 2008 12:00:02 +0200 > To: orchids@orchidguide.com > Subject: Orchids Digest, Vol 10, Issue 107 > > Brassia arachindera. ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
Re: [OGD] Dendrochilum ID
Charles Ufford asked for help in identifying a Dendrochilum species. I'm a long way from being even a novice at identification, but these flowers look suspiciously like those of Dendrochilum uncatum which Eric Christenson recently helped identify for Troy Meyers in order for me to work up a culture sheet for the thing. Charlie Baker ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
Re: [OGD] Eulophia euglossa
In their book, African Orchids, Isobyl and Eric La Croix reported that Eulophia euglossa is widespread in Africa, growing in dense forest on sandy loam at 4000--4300 ft. (1200--1300 m). As far as cultivation is concerned, they say, "From the habitat and altitude, it seems this species would appreciate intermediate conditions and more shade than most species of Eulophia." I hope this little bit of information answers at least a few of your questions. Charlie Baker ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
Re: [OGD] Dendrobium chrysanthum
In a recent posting, Nancy asked for the best way to grow Dendrobium chrysnathum. With its pendent growth habit, it is probably more easily managed if grown in a hanging basket filled with an open, fast-draining medium. It may also be grown mounted, but providing enough water when it is actively growing may present a bit of a problem if mounted. In any event hang it high and let the canes droop as they may. Plants in cultivation more than likely will not reach the extreme lengths described for plants in the natural habitat, but they may still attain rather long growths. With sufficient neglect and abuse, however, it is possible to create a moderately dwarfed specimen as I have been able to do. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
Re: [OGD] Paph. appletonium request
In a recent post, Sharron commented that she was unable to find Paphiopedilum appletonium listed on orchidculture.com. If information on a desired species isn't listed at that site, simply ask, and you will usually receive. Sometimes it may take a while, but then at others it may come fairly quickly. In general, this specied is from Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. It requires warm, wet summers and dry winters with warm daytime temperatures and intermediate nights. I hope this answers at least a couple of your questions. Charlie Baker ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Epidendrum raniferum
A quick check of the Kew data base indicates that Epidendrum raniferum is now considered a synonym of Epidendrum cristatum. ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
Re: [OGD] Mtssa
I don't know if I qualify as a kind soul, but a quick check in The Handbook on Orchid Nomenclature and Registration indicates that Mtssa is the abbreviation of Miltassia, which is a cross between Brassia and Miltonia. I don't know for certain, but I suspect that Miltassia also includes crosses between Brassia and plants that were once Miltonias but are now considered to be Miltoniopsis. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Growing Acacallis cyanea
Acacallis cyanea grows in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. These epiphytic plants are found throughout the upper Amazon Basin, particularly above the confluence of the Amazon and the Río Negro, and along the upper Río Orinoco above Puerto Ayacucho in western Venezuela. Plants grow in the flat, low-lying forests in areas that are completely innundated during seasonal floods. Visitors to the habitat have reported seeing host trees partly underwater during a flood with the Acacallis cyanea mostly under water except for part of the rhizome, 1 or 2 of its leaves, and the inflorescence. Maximum temperatures in the habitat are near 85 degrees F most of the year, while minimum values average about 70 degrees F every month and the record low readings are about 60 degrees F. There is no actual dry seaseon in the habitat, but monthly average rainfall is somewhat lower for a month or so in late winter or early spring. In his "The Genera and Species of Cultivated Orchids." Hawkes stated, "Particular care should be taken to keep the compost moist at all times, and a high temperature should always be maintained." I hope this helps answer the question, and I also hope that all of you out there have a very good New Year. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Vermiculite
The following is from our soon to be released Timber Press edition, "Orchid Species Culture...Oncidium/Odontoglossum Alliance." It should be noted that there have been reports of dangers from asbestos contamination in using this product, but a Google search revealed that EPA tests show that dangers to consumers are minimal. As with the use of all dry, powdery products, however, one is probably safer if a paper mask is used during the mixing process. "Vermiculite is an expanded mica that holds tremendous quantities of water for long periods of time. It has a neutral pH of 6.5-7.2, is light and sterile, and contains a high level of magnesium and potassium. It can be a beneficial addition to terrestrial mixes for plants which live in bogs, experience flooding, or require constant moisture. It stays too wet, however, to be suitable for use with most epiphytic orchids. Fertilizer should be decreased if vermiculite is used, since this medium absorbs large quantities of nutrients whenever fertilizer is applied. Small quantities of vermiculite in seedling mixes could help prevent the media from drying out. Horticultural-grade vermiculite should be used since other grades may be excessively alkaline." I hope this helps answer the question. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Maxillaria errata
Viateur asked about the Orchid Digest article in which Maxillaria errata E. A Christenson was described. This article, "A Maxillaria Mystery" was by Eric A. Christenson, and appeared in Orchid Digest 69(2):79--81. I hope this is the information that was wanted. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Pteroceras semiteretifolium or Sarcochilus uniflorus
Iris rececently questioned the status of Sarcochilus uniflorus Gagnepain and Pteroceras semiteretifolium Pedersen. Seidenfaden, in his 1992 "The Orchids of Indochina," lists Sarcochilus uniflorus as a synonym of Pteroceras semiteretifolium. Cheers Charlie Baker ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Masdevallia tuerckheimii Ames
Iris recently asked about the warmth tolerance of Masdevallia tuerckheimii. In the original description (Ames, O. [1908] 1982. Orchidaceae, fasc. 2. (Pg. 265-266) Merrymount Press, Boston. Reprint, Twin Oaks Books, Greenfield, Wis. Ames, O. 1912. Phil. J. Sci 7: 18.) Ames described the type specimen as found at 350 m (1150 ft.) in the department of Alta Verapaz in Guatemala. Climatic conditions at Cobán in Alta Verapaz indicate daily maximum temperatures averaging 87--88 degrees F (31 degrees C) in the summer, cooling to 69--71 degrees F (21--22 degrees C) at night. Winter averages are 83--83 degrees F (29 degrees C) in the day and 62--63 degrees F (17 degrees C) at night. Rainfall is heavy year-round, and humidity averages 80--85% throughout the year. I hope this sheds a little light on the subject. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Neomoorea wallisii
Greetings, Several issues ago, Paul requested cultural information for Neomoorea wallisii. I haven't grown this species, but climatological data from its habitat indicates it should be grown on the cool side of warm with days near 75 degrees F (25 degrees C) and nights near 61 degrees F (16 degerees C) with little season variation. Rainfall is fairly heavy all year, with a somewhat drier period for about 3 months during mid-latitude winter. Humidity averages 80-85% year-round. A complete workup of of cultural suggestions based on climatological data and information from growers and the literature may be found at http://www.orchidculture.com/ I hope this answers at least a few of your questions. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Kavanaupa Falls
Dunsterville & Garay and Foldats list several orchids as occurring at Kavanaupa Falls on the Rio Uaiparu. Being an armchair traveler I dutifully reported the locality as prsented in my references. Internet and gazeteer searches do not inclde a Kavanaupa Falls in Venezuela, however, and the closest name my searches produce is Kavanayen Falls. My question is this: Is there still a Kavanaupa Falls on the Rio Uaiparu and if so, has the name been changed? Many thanks in advance for any help in ansering my question. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) Higgins
Does anyone out there happen to know the elevation of the habitat of Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) Higgins, formerly Encyclia ortizii Dressler? All I can find is that the type specimen was found in Costa Rica about 30 km NNE of San Ramon. I am assuming a mountain habitat, and guessing an elevation of about 3600 ft. (1100m), but would prefer to work with something better than a guess if possible. Thanks for your help. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD]
In issue 236 Roy Lee asked about unvented LPG heaters for the greenhouse. This is not a good idea, but there are gas heaters available that are vented through the side-wall that are easy to install, have millivolt controls so that no electricity is required, use either natural or LPG gas, and are available in several sizes (at least they were 15 years ago when I bought mine). Mine have been in use for 15 years now and have been extremely efficient, trouble free, and have caused no problems with the plants. They are produced by: Southern Burner Co. P. O. Box 885 Chickasha, OK 73023 Phone (800) 375-5001 I hope this helps. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Barkeria shoemakeri
Richard Sharp recently asked about the rest period for Barkeria shoemakeri. This species is from western Mexico in the states of Michoacan, Guerrero, and Oaxaca at elevations near 2000 ft. (610 m). In the habitat, rainfall is moderate to heavy for four to five months in summer and early autumn. The remainder of the year is very dry with only small amounts of rain recorded each month. Conditions are so dry in late winter and spring with humidity so low that even moisture from dew may be uncommon. Cultivated plants should be watered heavily while actively growing, but they must dry rapidly after watering. Water should be greatly reduced after new growths mature in autumn. During the dry season, rainfall is very low, averaging 0.5 in. (12 mm) or less each month for six to seven months from autumn into spring, but the very large range in day to night temperature often results in some additional moisture from early-morning dew. Therefore, cultivated plants should remain rather dry during this period, but they should be given occasional early morning mistings, especially on clear, sunny mornings. I hope this helps answer your question. Suggested cultural requirements for many species, including the Barkeria species, that is based on climatological data from their habitats may be obtained from our web site http://www.orchidculture.com Charlie Baker ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Culture for Rodriguezia lanceolata
In issue 191 Susan asked about the culture required by Rodriguezia lanceolata. This is a low elevation species from coastal sections of southern Central America and South America to as far south as Brazil and Peru. I haven't grown this species, but climatological data from its habitat indicate the plants require warm, wet conditions year-round with little seasonal variation in temperature. Daily maximum temperatures average 85-90 degrees F (29-32 degrees C), and daily minimums average near 68-70 degrees F (20-21 degrees C). Rainfall and humidity remain high year-round. I hope this helps a bit. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] O. D. 7(30)
In the referenced issue, Charles Ufford, suggested obtaining a culture sheet for the species in question from my website that is managed by Troy Meyers. He then stated "and no, I don't make any money from them! ; )" Well, Charles, thank you for the plug. Your statement at the end makes 3 of us that I know of who make no money from this venture: You, Troy, and me. The small amount charged for the culture sheet for each species helps pay for more books and research material so I can do more culture sheets for more species. I can assure you that this must be a labor of love, because I most definitely would not work for the hourly wage resulting from my efforts. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Brassavola nodosa
In a recent posting, Juli asked about Brassavola nodosa and Brassavola grandiflora. The following is what my digging has through the literature (at least what I have available) has turned up concerning the subject. ~Brassavola grandiflora Lindley AKA: Many authorities consider this species a synonym of Brassavola nodosa Lindley, or at most, Brassavola nodosa var. grandiflora (Lindley) Jones. Withner (1996), however, maintains Brassavola grandiflora Lindley as a separate species and includes the following as synonyms. Bletia nodosa var. grandiflora (Lindley) Rchb. f., Bletia rhopalorrhachis Rchb. f., Brassavola nodosa var. grandiflora (Lindley) Jones, Brassavola nodosa var. rhopalorrhachis Schlechter, Brassavola rhopalorrhachis Rchb. f., Brassavola scaposa Schlechter. To further confound and confuse the issue, Ames & Correll (1985) listed the following synonyms. Brassavola nodoas var. rhopalorrhachis (Rchb. f.) Schlechter, Brassavola rhopalorrhachis Rchb. f., Brassavola venosa Lindley, Epidendrum nodosum Linnaeus as synonyms of Brassavola nodosa (Linnaeus) Lindley. Hamer (1982), however, treated Brassavola grandiflora Lindley as a separate species but listed only Brassavola nodosa var. grandiflora (Lindley) Jones as a synonym. On the other hand, Williams and Allen (1980) included Brassavola scaposa Schlechter, Brassavola venosa LIndley, and Epidendrum nodosum Linnaeus as synonyms of Brassavola nodosa (Linnaeus) Lindley. The most recent work appears to consider them as separate species. As near as I can determine, however, they apparantly differ primarily only in size, but some writers indicate that Brassavola grandiflora differs from Brassavola nodosa by having broader, flattened leaves and a spotless white lip. ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Manure as a fertilizer
In a recent posting a request was made for information on the use of natural fertilizers. The following N-P-K information is approximate at best and applies only to old, composted manure. Chicken: 30-14-7 Cow: 10-3-8 Hog: 13-7-11 Horse: 15-5-13 Mixtures of the desired strength may be made by following the following steps: Measure the small amount of composted manure necessary to produce fertilizer of the desired strength. 1 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters) is approximately equivalent to commercial fertilizer mixed at 1/10 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters). 2.5 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters) is approximately equivalent to commercial fertilizer mixed at 1/4 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters). 5 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters) is approximately equivalent to commercial fertilizer mixed at 1/2 tsp. per gal. (3.8 liters). Mix the manure with at least 1 cup (236 ml) of water, and allow it to steep overnight or longer. Strain the liquid, then add enough water to make 1 gal. (3.8 liters) of fertilizer solution. Rather than dink with small batches, I tend to buy a bag of chicken manure and a bag of cow manure at the local garden store in late winter or early spring, mix them together and put them in a burlap bag that is then tied off (this is so you don't have to strain the mixture before use) and placed in a 30 gallon garbage can. Enough water is then added to cover the bag and to almost fill the can. This concoction is left to stand until I start applying fertilizer. I then dip out the desired amount of concentrate and mix with water. For orchids, I usually use about a quarter cup per gallon. For garden and bedding plants, I mix the manure tea at about 1 cup per gallon. I hope this answers whatever questions you might have had. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) orchids@orchidguide.com http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Re: Sophronitis formerly Laelia
This rapidly moving group of orchids was moved from Brazilian laelias to Sophronitis by Van den Berg and Chase in 2000 in the article "Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae - 1." published in Lindleyana 15(2): 115-119. Then in 2002, Chiron & Castro in their article "Révision des espéces brésiliennes di genre Laelia Lindley." publishd in Richardiana 2(1): 4-28, moved these newly made Sophronitis species to the genus Hoffmannseggella. As far as I have been able to determine, they are still residing (more or less unhappily from what I gather) in Hoffmannseggella, unless that is some other taxonomic magic has been performed in an article that I have not seen. I have not been able to find whether or not the taxonomic community in general has agreed with this move. We poor growers will simply have to wait and see. And you thought you only had the move to Sophronitis move to worry about. It sure does keep life exciting, however. As a matter of interest, the Brazilian laelias in my greenhouse are still tagged as such and will remain so until the taxonomic dust settles on this particular issue. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] A holiday greeting
The following made the rounds last year, at least that was the first time I had seen it. In any event, in these terminally politically correct times we find ourselves, this greeting seems to merit another go-round this year. Being designed to offend no one, it more than likely offends everyone. Best wishes for an environmentally conscious, socially responsible, low stress, non-addictive, gender neutral, winter solstice holiday (or summer solstice for those of you south of the equator), practiced within the most joyous traditions of the religious persuasion of your choice, but with respect for the religious persuasion of others who choose to practice their own religion as well as those who choose not to practice a religion at all; plus, a fiscally successful, personally fulfilling, and medically uncomplicated recognition of the generally accepted calendar year 2005, but not without due respect for the calendars of choice of the other cultures whose contributions have helped make our society great, without regards to the race, creed, color, religious, or sexual preferences of the wishes. DISCLAIMER: This greeting is subject to clarification or withdrawal. It implies no promise by the wisher to actually implement any of the wishes for him/herself or others and no responsibility for any unintended emotional stress these greetings may bring to those not caught up in the holiday spirit. But for you out there who do not believe in political correctness, Merry Christmas, Happy New Year, and may all good things come your way. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Robiquetia merrillii (Ames) Ames.
Regarding the recent inquiry about Robiquetia merrillii (Ames) Ames: This name is now considered a synonym of Robiquetia cerina (Rchb. f.) Garay. As far as I've been able to determine, the flowers of this species are not white, insead being small, ball- or bell-shaped, and usually purplish in color. Another species of Robiquetia from the Philippines that does have white flowers marked with a pair of yellow and redish brown dots on the lip is Robiquetia compressa. These blossoms are not bell-shaped, however, having lateral sepals and petals that are more widely spread and a long pendulous spur at the base of the lip that curls forward at its tip. Both of these species are pictured in the Orchids of the Philippines by Jim Cootes. I hope this might be of some help in identifing your plant. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids_orchidguide.com
[OGD] Pecteilis susannae
In a recent posting, Viateur asked about the cultural requirements for Pecteilis susannae (L) Raf. Comber, in his 1990 3Orchids of Java2 reported the following. 3Although recorded from all over Java, it must now be classified as quite rare; altitude records vary from seal level to 1000 m, habitat it usually grassland or scrub. As with many other tuberous plants, P. susannae thrives in areas which have strongly season climate and where fires are common in the dry season. These fires clear wasy the competitive vegetation, kill pests and the ashes presumably provide fertilser. After several seasons without a fire plants become rather weak, but in the rainy seasonfollowing a fire they are outstandingly vigorous, although shorter and sturdier. Unfortunately after a fire they are vey conspicuous and are frequently dug up and taken away for planting in gardens where they inevitably die. If one has to move them the time to do it is when they are dormant, or just as the foliage is dying down, not when they are in flower, but is it not better to leave them where they are?2 3Also in Southern China (up to 2750 m), India, all over South-East Asia to Timor where Rumphius first wrote about it in the mid 16009s and named it after his wife Susanna. 3 Using climate data from Bandung, Java, there is little seasonal variation in temperature, with daily maximum values averaging near 80 degrees F (27 degrees C) and minimums averaging no lower than 61 degrees F (16 degrees C). Rainfall at this location is heavy most of the year, but there is a somewhat drier season lasting for 2-3 months. Humidity is 75-80% most of the year, but drops to near 65% during the dry season. The dry season at other locations in Java is longer and more severe than indicated by the data for Bandung, however. Although reported by several sources as occurring in China, India, and all over southeast Asia, I have not been able to find any specific information as to habitat elevation in those regions. Seidenfaden & Wood in their 3The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore2 report only, 3in Malaya only found in Kedah, in open grassy places.2 Pearce & Cribb in their 3Orchids of Bhutan2 report the wide distribution but report the habitat in the Bhutan region as 3Darjeeling (Chota Rangit River)2 with no elevation given. Without habitat elevations, I can9t do more than guess that winter minimum temperatures are probably somewhat cooler than those found in Java. In addition, the winter monsoon (or dry season) in these regions is much longer and more severe than indicated by the climate data from Java. I have been unable to find any mention of this species in China in the material in my library, and If the plants are indeed found in China at elevations up to 2750 m as reported by Comber, they will obviously tolerate average winter minimum temperatures at least down to near freezing. I would only subject plants to these extremes with extreme caution and trepidation, however. I hope this helps a little. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Climatic conditions for Cyrtochilum meirax
Viateur questioned the conditions I recently posted for the culture of Cyrtochilum meirax. The climate conditions given were based on the average conditions at Caracas, Venezuela with a station elevation of 2760 ft. (841 m). Temperatures were adjusted to reflect probable conditions at a habitat elevation of 4900 ft. (1500 m) by using the standard atmospheric lapse rate of 10 degrees C per km. The resulting conditions were as given in my posting. Using the climatic averages from the station at Mirida, Venezuela and adjusting them to habitat elevation produces conditions more in line with those indicated in Viateur9s posting, with summer maximum averages near 75 degrees F (25 degrees C) and winter minimums near 55 degrees F (13 degrees C). The seasonal refeferences of spring, winter, autumn, and winter are used, not to reflect when they occur in the habitat, but to provide an easy reference for growers in temperate latidudes to know when the conditions indicated by the climate data should be provided in their greenhouse or growing area. I hope this helps readers understand how my cultural suggestions are derived. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Cyrtochilum meirax
In a recent issue, Iris asked about the culture of Cyrtochilum meirax. This orchid is found in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru where it grows in wet cloudforests at about 4900 ft. (1500 m). Summer days warm to about 70 degrees F (21 degrees C) and nights average near 55 degrees F (13 degrees C). Winter days average about 70 degrees F (21 degrees C) with nights about 50 degrees F (10 degrees C). Rainfall is rather heavy for much of the the year, but there are 3-4 fairly dry months from late autumn to early spring. I have no actual experience growing this species, but based on the climate data would try to give it cool wet summers and drier winters with somewhat cooler nighttime temperatures. In the summer I would place the plant near the outlet of an evaporative cooler if one is used in the greenhouse. My guess is that these plants will tolerate short periods with summer daytime temperatures temperatures somewhat warmer than indicated if they are able to cool off at night. As far as mounting or potting is concerned, my inclination would be to go with a a small, shallow pot filled with an open, fast-draining medium. With my watering practices in my greenhouse, I have not had much success growing cloudforest species on mounts. Mouting should work, however, if you water heavily and often during the summer and provide more frequent mistings in winter. I hope this answers at least some of your questions. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Cuitlauzina pendula
For what its worth, I have found over the years that if I water my C. pendula after the new growth starts it will make a beautiful vegetative growth but produce no flower spike that year. If I force myself to stay away with the hose, a spike appears from the new growth shortly after if starts to form. These plants come from a region with a long dry season in winter, but a little rain does fall each month, so it is probably best to mist the plants occasionally in winter. Now, to confuse the issue, there are other growers in this area with clones that bloom beautifully with not even a particularly dry rest given. Therefore, it would appear that the best approach is to find what seems to work with each individual plant in each growing area. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Re: Typos
In a recent posting, Don Stanley wrote, 3It's a pound to a penny that you took more care in deliberately wrongly spelling that lot than if it'd been straight text!2 Actually, if the truth be known (which in itself is doubtful), I did not type a word in that message other than to suggest it might explain how typos are so easily missed. I simply copied the message from a file where I had saved it after my sister sent it to me some time ago. I felt I had to save something as weird as that to look at and think about periodically. What really bothers me after being able to read it so easily is when I think about how much I have worried about correct spelling over the years, not to mention the time spent looking for words in the dictionary that I couldn9t spell to the point of not even being able to find them in the dictionary. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Re: Typographical errors
The following is possibly an explanation as to why typos are so difficult to detect. Honestly try to read the following, you'll be amazed. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdgnieg: THE PAOMNNEHAL PWEOR OF THE HMUAN MNID. Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh?? P.S. Just don't tell the kid's!!! I just wish someone would tell my editor. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Temperatures for Chinese Cymbidiums
In Vol. 6, Issue 376, Marianne asked about temperatures for Chinese Cymbidiums. In general, these orchids require average maximum temperatures of 80-85 degrees F (27-29 degrees C) in summer, with overnight lows somewhere around 65 degrees F (18 degrees C). In winter, daily highs should be 65-75 degrees F (18-24 degrees C), with minimums averaging 45-50 degrees F (7-10 degrees C). Most species will survive temperatures down to freezing, or even slightly below, for short durations; but such extremes will probably kill any buds if the flower spikes have formed. As the flower spike develops, the buds may blast if daytime temperatures are allowed to become too warm. When plants are in spike, it is usually best to hold daily temperatures in a range of 55-75 degrees F (13-24 degrees C) if at all possible. Flower spikes generally are initiated by the temperature change in late summer and early autumn when daily highs are still warm but overnight readings fall so that there is a 20-30 degree F (11-17 degree C) difference between the daily maximum and minimum. For most species, summers are warm and wet with heavy rainfall; while winters are cool and dry with only small amounts of rain but with some additional moisture available from heavy dew. Plants should be allowed to become rather dry in winter, but they should not be left completely without water for long periods. I hope this helps with a few of your questions. Please bear in mind, however, that these are general guidlines and may not apply to all species. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Re: Peter O'Byrne's advice about visiting Sabah
Peter, Have you ever considered starting a travel agency or at least running guided tours? I know that I for one was straining at my leash to sign up for such a trip after reading the sales pitch you gave Kim. After reading your colorful description of the thrills to be found on such a trip, I simply can't see how anyone ould possibly not want to go. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Cymbidium sinense
In Vol. 6, Issue 328, Michael asked about the culture of Cymbidium sinense. The following is extrated from our treatment of this species at orchidculture.com. $Cymbidium sinense (Jackson in Andr.) Willdenow AKA: Epidendrum sinense Jackson, Cymbidium albo-jucundissimum Hayata, Cymbidium fragrans Salis., Cymbidium hoosai Mak. The common Chinese name is Bay suey lan (New Year's Day Orchid). The International Orchid Commission presently registers hybrids under Cymbidium sinense, but Cymbidium hoosai has been used in the past. ORIGIN/HABITAT: Found in eastern China, Hong Kong, and in the mountains throughout Taiwan from 1000-4000 ft. (300-1200 m). It is generally found in dense or partial shade in broadleaved forests, near streams or water seepages, growing in leafy, humus-rich soil. It also grows in the Khasia Hills of northeast India, through Burma, northern Thailand, and into western China at higher elevations, usually 4600-7500 ft. (1400-2300 m). Plants have also been reported in the Ryukyu Islands. CLIMATE: Station #46696, Taipei, Taiwan, Lat. 25.10 N, Long. 121.50 E, at 21 ft. (6 m). Temperatures are calculated for a habitat elevation of 2500 ft. (762 m), resulting in probable extremes of 91 degrees F (33 degrees C) and 25 degrees F (-4 degrees C). TEMPERATURE: Summer days average 80-84 degrees F (27-29 degrees C), and nights average 65-68 degrees F (18-20 degrees C), with a diurnal range of 8-9 degrees F (4-5 degrees C). HUMIDITY: Averages 80-85% throughout the year. WATER: Heavy from late spring through early autumn, and moderate to rather dry through the remainder of the year. The driest period of the year occurs in winter. REST PERIOD: Winter days average 58-61 degrees F (14-16 degrees C), and nights average 45-50 degrees F (7-10 degrees C), with a diurnal range of 11-13 degrees F (6-7 degrees C). Cymbidium sinense is extremely tolerant of a wide range of winter temperatures. In cultivation, it regularly blooms in Florida, Texas, and southern California, but it also grows well with extended periods of near freezing temperatures in more temperate climates. Note that the probable record minimum temperture in the Taiwan habitat is 25 degrees F (-4 degeees C). Rainfall is lower for a 1-2 month period in winter, and water should be reduced but not eliminated during this time. Some parts of this species9 habitat are significantly drier in winter than is indicated by the preceeding climate table. Throughout the range, however, high humidity and nightly cooling result in frequent, heavy deposits of dew, with even more water available as mist from fog and low clouds. These conditions may be simulated in cultivation by occasional early morning mistings, with a light watering every 2-3 weeks or so, especially if a period of bright sunny weather is expected. Some growers recommend just enough water to keep the pseudoblbs from shriveling. Fertilizer should be greatly reduced or eliminated until active growth resumes in spring. ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Drops per teaspoon
In case anyone out there is morbidly curious, my conversion tables indicate 50-60 drops per teaspoon. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Re: Orchids Digest, Vol 6, Issue 234
In issue 234, Linda asked about who first described Bulbophyllum orthosepalum. This species was first described by J. J. Vermeulen in the publication Blumea [38(1): 145] in 1993. Cheers, Charlie > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Orchids Digest, Vol 6, Issue 234 ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Bulbophyllum orthosepalum
In Issue 227 Linda Petchnick asked about the culture of Bulbophyllum orthosepalum. This orchid apparently comes from the lower hills of Papua New Guinea. This is a region with high humidity year-round, heavy rainfall with no dry season, and temperatures with little seasonal variation, experiencing daily highs of 80-85 degrees F (27-30 degrees C) and lows of 64-65 degrees F (18-19 degrees C) at the reported habitat elevation throughout the year. I hope this at least gets you in the ball park as far as required conditions are concerned. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Rudolf Jenny's Gongora book
In issue 212 K Barrett asked for details on Rudolf Jennys' book on Gongoras. The history and description of each species is excellent, and there is a photograph or painting of most of the species included in a section at the end of the book. From my vantage point, details of habitat location and elevation are are rather weak for some of the species, but then from my vantage point, too much of this particular information is never enough. The fact remains that if you are interested in the genus, I know of no other single source of information on this group of orchids. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Cymbidium hoosai
In issue 211, Viateur asked about Cymbidium hoosai Makino and the conditions under which it grows. According to Du Puy & Cribb in "The Genus Cymbidium", this name is now a synonym of Cymbidium sinense (Jackson in Andr.) Willdenow. My references indicate that this species is found in eastern China, Hong Kong, and the mountains throughout Taiwan from 1000-4000 ft. (300-1200 m). It generally grows in dense or partial shade in broadleaved forests, near streams or water seepages, growing in leafy, humus-rich soil. It is also found in the Khasia Hills of northeast India, through Burma, northern Thailand, and into western China at higher elevations, usually 4600-7500 ft. (1400-2300 m). It also is reported as occurring in the Ryukyu Islands. Climatological data from Taiwan indicates high humidity year-round with very wet summers. Rainfall is reduced in winter without having a severe or prolonged dry season, although the winter dry season in some parts of the habitat is undoubtedly drier than indicated by the Taiwan data. Summer maximum temperatures probably run about 80-84 degrees F (27-29 degrees C), with minimums 65-68 degrees F (18-20 degrees C). Winter values probably average near 61 degrees F (16 degrees C) for the maximum, while the winter minimums run 45-50 degrees F (7-10 degrees C). I hope this helps answer some of your questions. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Promenea citrina
In issue 187 Rina e Corrado asked about the culture for Promenea citrina and how it compares to Prominea xanthina. It would appear that they are the same, with Prominea citrina now considered a synonym of Promenea xanthina. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Paph hangianum
In issue 186 Ron Boyd asked about the culture of Paph hangianum. I have no experience with the culture of this species, but climatological data from its original habitat indicates summer maximum temperatures that average about 82 degrees F (28 degrees C) with summer minimums averaging near 68 F (20 C). Winter maximums average about 60 F (16 C) with average minimum values about 45 F (7 C). Humidity is high all year but averages a little lower in winter. Rainfall is heavy in the summer whith a much drier period in winter. About 1 in. (25 mm) of rainfall is received in the habitat during each of the winter months, but additional moisture not reflected by the rainfall averages usually is available from heavy dew and late-night mist. Any well-drained medium used with other Paph species should work with this one. Actively growing plants should be watered heavily, but water should be reduced for cultivated plants in late autumn and winter. They probably should not be allowed to dry out completely, however. I don't know if this will help or not, but it should at least get you in the ball park as far as cultural requirements are concerned. Cheers, Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
[OGD] Mystacidium caffrum
In a recent issue, Peter Hirsch, discussing Mystacidium caffrum, asked "Does anyone have cultural ideas for this plant? Ours produces masses of roots, but no flowers. Has it been renamed?" The answer to the renamed question appears to be yes, at least twice! Cribb & Stewart tramsferred it to Margelliantha caffra in 1985, and then Linder moved it to Diaphananthe caffra in 1989. These transfers were reported by Isobyl and Eric La Croix in their 1997 publication "African Orchids - in the Wild and in Cultivation", but they did not follow LInder's move, discussing the plant as Margelliantha caffra (H. Bolus) Cribb & Stewart instead. As for the culture. It is found in South Africa in cool forests at elevations up to 5900 ft. (1800 m). Climatological tables from the region indicate a fairly pronounced dry season from mid to late autumn into the following spring, high humidity through most of the year, and winters with minimum temperatures at the higher elevaions that are below 500F (100C). The La Croix under the heading "Cultivation" in their book said, "Mounted, with high humidity and at intermediate to cool temperatures. In cultivation, it flowers in summer (June)." I have no experience with this species at all, but My guess from the climatalogical data would be to provide a cood, fairly dry winter rest with minimum temperatuers below at least 550F (130C) and water, in most growing areas, restricted to somewhat regular morning mistings between occasional light waterings. I hope all this not only answers your questions, but also helps to squeeze a bloom or two out of your plant. Charlie ___ the OrchidGuide Digest (OGD) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://lists.orchidguide.com/mailman/listinfo/orchids
