Sorry for three postings on the same thing -- just one more point in reference to the issue of "Yankee values." The values referred to, especially 'punctuality' were the values of the capitalists building the factories, not necessarily the values of the population in the factories. Further, the almshouses built throughout the northeast to accomodate growing armies of the indigent were the insitutions which inculcated those work values in the work house populations because they were needed by the new capitalists. See Michael Katz "In the Shadow of the Poorhouse." maggie coleman [EMAIL PROTECTED]