[SQL] Using Array-Values in subselect

2000-11-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

i want to create a linked structure of values. Each text has an id, an
array of children ids and the value itself.

  CREATE TABLE structure
(
id int8,
children int8[],
value text
);

Now i want to select all values which are connected to a given parent #x
at once. My first idea was this:

  SELECT value 
  FROM structure
 WHERE id IN (SELECT children FROM structure WHERE id = #x);

But this causes an error because the array field just returns a string
instead of seperated values. Is there a way to make arrays return sort
of "real arrays" or something usable in a subselect in reasonable speed?


Thank you
Alvar



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Re: [SQL] Using Array-Values in subselect

2000-11-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Roberto Mello schrieb:
> Looks like you want something similar to Oracle's CONNECT BY statement.
> There are some solutions to that. At OpenACS we had to deal with that so
> implemented something like what you described here.
> However, the methods described by Joe Celko is his book "SQL For
> Smarties" on chapters 28 and 29 (I think) are better and more robust. If
> you search for "trees" and related topics at the openacs.org and
> arsdigita.com's web/db web bulletin boards, you'll find several hits.

Thanks, the solutions discussed on these sites suggest the use of lookup
tables with parent and child for each record. I have thought about the
same, but thought the arrays in Postgres could provide a more elegant
way of building a tree.

I want to migrate from MySQL to Postgres mainly because the array and
subselect features. And finally the article at
http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/tim20001112.php3 convinced me it could
run on my small machine. But it appears to me that the arrays always are
handled like strings and are not really useful for anything advanced. I
can't really believe it, please prove me wrong! I have set great hope in
Postgres. :)


Alvar

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Re: [SQL] Using Array-Values in subselect

2000-11-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Tom Lane schrieb:
> 
> The array stuff is pretty simplistic at the moment, and could be taken
> a lot further if there were someone who wanted to work on it.
> (hint hint)

:)

If i had time, this would be interesting, but I think my C experiences
are not very good and some years old (I like much more 68k Assembler --
or Perl) and i have to finish my Diploma work in january:
Art&Media-Design, no informatics ... ;)


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: [SQL] How to represent a tree-structure in a relationaldatabase

2000-12-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

miguel sofer wrote:
> 
> I once started writing a small paper on this subject; it is still in a
> rather preliminary state.
> 
> You can download the draft (and some ill documented code, 53kB) from
>   http://www.utdt.edu/~mig/sql-trees

ah, this looks very, very nice!
on page 5ff you describe the Postgres implementation, but the URL (page
5 bottom) is't complete -- can i find the files somewhere?
Included is a "tree_general.sql", but this seems not to be complete and
not the same version as the ps-file (First draft, may 6, 2000): in the
draft there is written about an base 160 encoding, tree_general.sql uses
base 159 encoding ;)


Ciao
  Alvar


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Re: [SQL] How to represent a tree-structure in a relationaldatabase

2000-12-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

>
> > I once started writing a small paper on this subject; it is still in a
> > rather preliminary state.
> >
> > You can download the draft (and some ill documented code, 53kB) from
> >   http://www.utdt.edu/~mig/sql-trees
>

i guess, with base 160 encoding there might be a problem: if postgres is
compiled with --enable-locale (e.g. for german umlauts), the ordering
isn't according to the ASCII number of the character, so for this
purpose it's needed to build the encoding table according to the locate
settings. Or simply sort it according the locale settings.


What's against using all characters >= 32, excluding special characters
with special meaninbg in LIKE and regexps? With base 208 encoding it's
possible to have 43264 elements on each level.


Ciao
   Alvar


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Re: Secure Messaging Non-Delivery Report: Re: [SQL] How to represent a tree-structure in a relationaldatabase

2000-12-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi Security-Master,

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> 
> When [EMAIL PROTECTED] sent e-mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
>(1/255/1)
> The message was blocked by TFS Secure Messaging
> When [EMAIL PROTECTED] sent e-mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
>(1/255/1)
> The message was blocked by TFS Secure Messaging

please check your security settings. I sent mail to Postgres Mailing
list, it seems that [EMAIL PROTECTED] is subscibes there
but has no right to receive emails from everyone.


BTW: it seems to me that it makes no sense to use at the one hand
internet and at the other to block all. So, if you don't want internet,
make your internal Intranet ...


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: Secure Messaging Non-Delivery Report: Re: [SQL] How to representa tree-structure in a relationaldatabase

2000-12-14 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

The Hermit Hacker schrieb:
> 
> oh, wait, you didn't want me to remove dana from all lists? :)  if
> offensive on one, I figure its offensive on all ... saves time, no?

hmm, perhaps the admin of him give OK to receive mails in future ... ;-)


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: [SQL] How to represent a tree-structure in a relationaldatabase

2000-12-15 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

miguel sofer wrote:
> 
> Sorry, I never got around to completing this, or thinking any further. My
> other files are definitely not in a usable state right now. I hope to be
> able
> to improve things over the (southern) summer holidays, so there may be
> news
> soon - but do not hold your breadth!

OK, no prob.

I start to implement smth in Perl, so if it works ok and someone is
interested in it i can post it here.

and I'll try to use a kind of base255 encoding; it seams that postgres
only dislike the 0 byte, so if this works there is no real encoding
necessary -- simply start at 1 instead of 0. I hoppe this works :)


Ciao
  Alvar

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[SQL] Using INDEX on date/time values // Re: how to select a time frame on timestamp rows.

2001-01-13 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

Peter Eisentraut schrieb:
> 
> >   today i was trying to perform a query on a database using a time stamp
> > field, i need to get all records which belong to year 2000, month 11,
[...]
> select user_name from tbacct where extract(month from acct_timestamp) = 11 ...

is there any way of using an index for selecting some rows, e.g.
selecting all data from one month?

Explain sais, that the isn't used!


  blaster=# explain select id from forum_data where extract(month from
date) = 1;
  NOTICE:  QUERY PLAN:
  
  Seq Scan on forum_data  (cost=0.00..59.74 rows=3 width=4)



also, I didn't found documentation about "extract" in the PG docs. ups!
;) wher is it, any hints?



In the mailing list archives I found the following hint:

  select * from t1
where d >= (date_trunc('month', timestamp 'today')
- interval '1 month')
  and d < date_trunc('month', timestamp 'today');


it also dosn't use index according to explain ...

My test table has ~350 rows.

Is it possible to use indexes?

or is it better to use an indexed int-field with unixtime? (int8!)

Thanks & Ciao
  Alvar


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Re: [SQL] PostgreSQL HOWTO

2001-01-18 Thread Alvar Freude



Kaare Rasmussen wrote:
> 
> Whoever wrote this is putting the PostgreSQL community in a bad light:
> 
> http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/PostgreSQL-HOWTO-4.html

it seems that the author of this HOWTO is a little bit mad in brain:

from http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/PostgreSQL-HOWTO-11.html

|> Best web-scripting (and compiling) language is PHP+Zend compiler 
|> PHP is extremely powerful as it combines the power of Perl, 
|> Java, C++, Javascript into one single language and it runs on 
|> all OSes - unixes and Windows NT/95. 

it seems that the author never used any other think then PHP ...


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: [SQL] PostgreSQL HOWTO

2001-01-18 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

Poet/Joshua Drake wrote:
>
> >it seems that the author never used any other think then PHP ...
> 
> I am afraid I would disagree. I have used all of the languages he metions
> and for the Web, PHP is the best.

hmm, i guess it's not a good place for a PHP/Perl war here ;) but:
The author wrote that PHP is Perl, C, Java etc. all in one -- this seems
to me that he doesn't know perl. 

perl has lots of stuff that isn't available in PHP, has lots of modules
on CPAN and so on.

You can't compare CGI perl without any module and junky self-made
HTTP-Header-Output from 1995 with PHP.

If you want to compare, then compare mod_perl/embperl and CPAN including
full DBI with PHP. Then it will be very dark for PHP. In case of all:
speed, complexity, ready-to-use modules -- see
http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/CPAN/data/ -- etc.


Ciao
  Alvar

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[SQL] Returning multiple Rows from PL/pgSQL-Function

2001-07-09 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

I want to create a function (PL/pgSQL), which return multiple rows. But it
fails -- when Creating the function, I get a notice:

  NOTICE:  ProcedureCreate: return type 'records' is only a shell


When executing it, this error:

  ERROR:  fmgr_info: function 0: cache lookup failed


How should I do this?


The function is simple:

   CREATE FUNCTION foo (timestamp) RETURNS SETOF records AS 
'
BEGIN
   RETURN SELECT * FROM table;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
   


or, in more detail the exact function:


   CREATE FUNCTION get_emotions (timestamp) RETURNS SETOF records AS 
 '
 DECLARE 
start ALIAS FOR $1;
end_id int4;
 BEGIN
SELECT emotion_id FROM emotions 
 WHERE date <= start 
 LIMIT 1 
  INTO end_id;
RETURN SELECT emotion_id, emotion1, [...]
  FROM  emotions 
  WHERE emotion_id BETWEEN end_id-3000 AND end_id
  ORDER BY date_epoch + full_rating*(3600*12)
  LIMIT 300;
 END;
 '
  LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'; 



Thanx for any help!


Ciao
  Alvar



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Re: [SQL] Returning multiple Rows from PL/pgSQL-Function

2001-07-09 Thread Alvar Freude

>> How should I do this?
> 
> Can't at the moment.

ups, OK -- then I misunderstand something ;)

 
>> or, in more detail the exact function:
>> 
>> 
>>CREATE FUNCTION get_emotions (timestamp) RETURNS SETOF records AS
>>  '
>>  DECLARE
>> start ALIAS FOR $1;
>> end_id int4;
>>  BEGIN
>> SELECT emotion_id FROM emotions
>>  WHERE date <= start
>>  LIMIT 1
>>   INTO end_id;
> 

> Not entirely clear what your function is for, but the above select looks a
> bit odd. Do you not want to "order by" here so you can get the "most
> recent" emotion_id or whatever?

In detail, I want 300 rows older then a specific date (timeslider), but
they are sorted by time AND an additional rating. For this i have to sort
the hole table without index -- but if i presort the 3000 rows before the
specific date and catch the 300 best rated/timed rows, i save lot of time. 

It's not critical if there are some faulty rows selected ...

This is the only reason to select a subpart (3000 Rows) of the table bevore
doing the final selection which rows should be taken.


> I'd rewrite this as just a select, or a view if you want to keep things
> clean in the application, possibly with that first select encapsulated in
> a function (sorry, I'm not entirely clear what your code is doing).
>
> so:
> 
> CREATE VIEW get_emotions_view AS
> SELECT emotion_id, emotion1, ...
> ORDER BY date_epoch + full_rating*3600*12
> LIMIT 300;

hmmm, but with this, the hole ORDER BY goes throug the hole table (might be
a lot of rows), with not using the index.

For now i do the hole stuff on client side with two selects:
First selecting the end_id, then (2. Statement) sort the stuff within
end_id and end_id-3000 and return the 300 most "best".


my $end_id = $self->db_h->selectrow_array(
 "SELECT emotion_id 
FROM emotions 
   WHERE date <= ? 
   ORDER BY date DESC
   LIMIT 1",
   undef, 
   $self->date_from_sliderpos($params[0]));

my $st_h = $self->db_h->prepare(
 "
 SELECT emotion_id, emotion1, ..., full_rating, date
 FROM emotions 
 WHERE emotion_id BETWEEN ? AND ?
 ORDER BY date_epoch + full_rating*(3600*12)
 LIMIT 300
 ");

$st_h->execute($end_id-3000, $end_id) or die "execute kaputt";

$st_h->bind_columns(...); 
[...]


Thanks and Ciao

  Alvar


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Re: [SQL] Returning multiple Rows from PL/pgSQL-Function

2001-07-09 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

> So - basically you want something like:
> 
> SELECT * from emotions
> WHERE emotion_date <= [cutoff time]
> ORDER BY calculated_score(date_epoch,full_rating)
> LIMIT 300

yes, thats it -- nearly :-)

In detail the calculated_score is:


 (cutoff_time - creation_time) + (sum_of_rating_points * rating_factor)


> Where you'd have an index on "calculated_score". Well - you can either
> have a "score" field and use triggers to keep it up to date 

yes, this was also my first idea, but this depends also on the [cutoff
time], so it can't work, because the trigger can't update this.



> or build an
> index on the "calculated_score()" function. Depends on your pattern of
> usage which is going to be better for you.
> 
> You can create a functional index as easily as a normal one:

aaah, wow, that's cool, I didn't know this before.


but here is the same: also the resulting order can't precalculated, if i'm
not completely wrong.


> Is that the sort of thing you were after?

nearly ;-)

In detail, I have the following:

Users enter from time to time some values (their "emotions") and place some
dots with this. Each dot has somethinglike a lifetime relative to the other
dots; this lifetime depends on the creation date and some rating of other
users.
Additionally it is possible to go back in the timeline and visit the stuff
from an earlyer view, but with new Voting. Always 300 dots are shown, but
not only the newest ones, there is also a chance to be viewed longer with
besser voting. 


It works now -- with the two statements I posted in the last message. It's
not exact because of the first select of 3000 dots -- if because of good
voting the 3001th dot should be visible it isn't, but thats not critical. 


Ciao
  Alvar


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Re: [SQL] 2 Selects 1 is faster, why?

2002-06-26 Thread Alvar Freude

Hi,

-- Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> If I perform the following 2 selects, the first one is EXTREMELY slow
> where the 2nd one is very fast.

[...] 

> Why would 2 be so much faster?  I have ran the EXPLAIN on this and index
> scans are being used.

I guess, the first query has to search for all ol.orderid the equivalent
o.orderid; the second variant only has to search for '1234' in each
?.orderid, which is much faster.

Explizit joins should speed up this!


> NOTE: The actual queries return more information than this, but the
> fundamental change shown above seems to give me the instant response I am
> looking for. (1) takes about 60 seconds to run and (2) takes 3-5 seconds
> to run.

3-5 seconds seems very long to me, if indexes are used and the result is
not a set of thousands of rows; are you sure?


Ciao
  Alvar
 

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Re: [SQL] [postgres] Foreign Key

2003-10-13 Thread Alvar Freude
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

Hallo,

- -- Stefan Sturm <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> In der Tabelle status befinden sich Datensätze. Die Tabelle logins ist
> leer. Nun versuche ich folgenden Befehl:
> 
> ALTER TABLE "public"."login " ADD CONSTRAINT "test" FOREIGN KEY
> ("status__id") REFERENCES "public"."status"("id")
>   ON DELETE RESTRICT
>   ON UPDATE RESTRICT
>   NOT DEFERRABLE;
> 
> Jetzt bekomme ich immer die Fehlermeldung:
> ERROR:  Query was cancelled.

hmmm, die Fehlermeldung ist seltsam und tritt normalerweise bei Abbruch zum
Beispiel bei ^C im Frontent auf.

Bei ALTER TABLE kann Postgres noch nicht alle Features; je älter die
Version, desto weniger ;-)

Evtl. sind auch die Anführungszeichen ein Problem.


Einfach mal in der Doku zu alter Table nachschauen, was da geht

Ciao
  Alvar



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Re: [SQL] [postgres] Foreign Key

2003-10-13 Thread Alvar Freude
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

Hallo,

- -- Stefan Sturm <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Ich tippe mal, das der PostgreSQL Manager da selber ein Timeout macht.
> Habe es auch mal mit phpPgAdmin versucht. Der läuft sich Tod.

Ist die Tabelle groß? Da kann es natürlich sein, dass da ein ganzer Haufen
an Updates gemacht werden muss, und dass gerade dies in diesem Falle
überhaupt nicht optimiert ist.

Zumindest muss ja ein Test auf die References-Tabelle gemacht werden. Sind
da entsprechende Indexe drauf? Evtl. hilft da auch das Clustern.


> Ich verwende die Version 7.3.4. Das sollte doch wohl reichen, oder?

das weiss ich ehrlich gesagt gerade nicht ;-)
 
Aber die Fehlermeldung sollte durchaus anders aussehen und sofort kommen.


Ciao
  Alvar



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[SQL] [postgres] Antwort von Microsoft auf Mail hier!

2003-10-13 Thread Alvar Freude
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

Hallo allerseits,

wer hat denn Zugriff auf die Subscriber-Liste dieser Liste?

Eben bekam ich auf meine Mail oben eine Antwort von *Microsoft*. Der Inhalt
unten.


Also, entweder ist da jemand offiziell eingetragen, oder hat einen Deal mit
Yahoogroups, dass dies unsichtbar geschieht. Wäre ja eine Möglichkeit, um
potentielle Konkurrenz zu beobachten: alles was "postgres" im Namen hat
geht an "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" oder so ...


Oder jemand hat scherzeshalber MS hier eingetragen.


Sehr ominös.



Ciao
  Alvar


- -- Forwarded Message --
Date: Montag, Oktober 13, 2003 04:11:51 -0700
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: RE: [SQL] [postgres] Foreign Key  -  Remove

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Re: [SQL] [postgres] Antwort von Microsoft auf Mail hier!

2003-10-13 Thread Alvar Freude
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- -- Danny Tramnitzke <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> da ist wohl was zwischen MS und Yahoo im Busch ...

die Frage ist, inwieweit das bekannt gegeben ist, ob das geheim abläuft usw.


Wenn da entsprechendes der Fall sein sollte, sehe ich das durchaus als
kleinen Skandal an: wenn ich Betreiber einer solchen Liste wäre, würde ich
schon gerne die Möglichkeit haben zu wissen, wer alles mitließt. Gut, dass
ich meinen eigenen Listen-Server betreibe ;-)


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: [SQL] [postgres] PostgreSQL-DB auf Web-Schnittstelle bringen

2003-10-20 Thread Alvar Freude
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- -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> Welches Verfahren/Vorgehen würdet Ihr mir denn empfehlen, wenn ich eine
> PostgreSQL- Datenbank auf eine Web-Schnittstelle bringen will?

was meinst Du denn damit genau?

Du hast irgendeine Applikation die ihre Daten in Postgres ablegt und nun
soll das auch im Web angezeigt werden?

Oder Du suchst ein Web-basiertes Admin-Tool?


Für ersteres eignet sich aufgrund der komfortaben Formularbehandlung prima
Embperl (http://www.ecos.de/embperl/), zusammen mit DBI wenn man SQL selbst
baut; es gibt auch Perl-Module, die einem das SQL abnehmen ...


Ciao
  Alvar

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Re: [SQL] [postgres] PostgreSQL-DB auf Web-Schnittstelle bringen

2003-10-20 Thread Alvar Freude
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Hallo,

- -- Ian Barwick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Fuer diese Aufgabe wuerde sich eignen z.B. phpPgAdmin:
> http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/

vor einiger Zeit hatte ich mir das mal angeschaut -- und fand das nur
grauselig. OK, besser als nichts. Aber komfortabel war das in meinen Augen
nicht. 

i.d.R. baue ich meine Datenbanken von Hand in einem kleinen
Installationsprogramm auf; die paar SQL-Befehle sind ja auch nicht so
schwer und dafür lässt sich das dann einfach auf dem endgültigen Server
einrichten.

Will mir nun aber auch mal Pgadmin 3 anschauen, das sieht zumindes in der
Beschreibung gut aus!


Ciao
  Alvar


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Re: [SQL] [postgres] Deutsche PostgreSQL-Mailingliste unter

2003-10-20 Thread Alvar Freude
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- -- Peter Eisentraut <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Was haltet ihr also davon, die ganze Operation dorthin zu verlegen?

ja, da bin ich eindeutig dafür.

Dies dürfte auch den positiven Nebeneffekt haben, dass hier etwas mehr los
ist und interessierte deutschsprachige Postgres-Nutzer eher auf die Liste
aufmerksam machen -- wenn sie denn auf der Website erwähnt wird (wovon ich
mal ausgehe) ;-)


Ciao
  Alvar

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[SQL] [postgres] Text zu bytea casten

2003-12-02 Thread Alvar Freude
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Hallo,

ich habe in einer Tabelle eine Spalte mit dem Datentyp text, das ich nach
bytea wandeln möchte (um später auch \000 speichern zu können).

Direkt scheint ein Alter Table da nicht zu gehen, also lege ich eine
temporäre Spalte an.

Nur: 

 > UPDATE forum_gtree SET gid2=gid::bytea;
 ERROR:  Cannot cast type text to bytea


Wie kann ich einen Text nach Bytea umwandeln?
Umgekehrt scheint es mit encode/decode zu gehen ...

  http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/functions-string.html


Dank && Ciao
  Alvar

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