Re: 'isa' keyword
On Thu, 01 Sep 2005 21:25:20 -0500, D H [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
talin at acm dot org wrote:
Although I realize the perils of even suggesting polluting the Python
namespace with a new keyword, I often think that it would be useful to
consider defining an operator for testing whether or not an item is a
member of a category.
It's a good idea but not likely to be added to python, at least not til
python 3000 comes out with type checking. The default way is if
isinstance(image, jpeg).
Also there is if image |isa| jpeg: using one of the various python
hacks out there:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/384122
But since Python doesn't have interfaces or type checking today, there
really is not much need for isa or isinstance anyway, but you might use
hasattr or try/except instead: http://www.canonical.org/~kragen/isinstance/
I recently experimented with an ast-rewriting importer, and I suspect could
set up a configurable importer that would recognize '|isa|' (or with any other
legal binary op in place of '|'). Maybe '**' would stand out in
if image **isa** jpeg and reduce processing since it's less commonly used
than e.g., + or -. OTOH, the latter would permit unary operator definitions
as well, e.g., -inv- mx could translate to mx**-1 meaning
Sub((UnarySub(Name('inv')), Name('mx')))
int the ast is translated to opmod.inv(mx) replacing the above with
CallFunc(Getattr(Name('opmod'), 'inv'), [Name('mx')], None, None)
You could just write a module so that names to use would be given by
[name for name in dir(opmod) if not name.startswith('_') and
callable(getattr(opmod, name)]
and then have the importer do that when given the module as config info, and
look
for the names, e.g., 'inv' in an ast subtree context as above, or for left
-isa- right
look for
Sub((Sub((Name('left'), Name('isa'))), Name('right')))
and rewite it as
CallFunc(Getattr(Name('opmod'), 'isa'), [Name('left'), Name('right')],
None, None)
My recent post was doing 'a/b' = safediv(a, b) in a similar fashion,
which gives me the feeling that -xx- as custom infix operator would
work for a lot of contexts. BTW, the ast for left |isa| right is
Bitor([Name('left'), Name('isa'), Name('right')])
which probably makes it faster to recognize. Obviously subtrees not
involving the specal op names would be ignored.
I don't know if ast-rewriting on the fly during customizable import
excites anyone, or if those who understand what I'm doing would just
rather I didn't post about it devant les enfants ;-)
Regards,
Bengt Richter
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: defining classes
LeRoy Lee wrote: I have been searching for the answer to this as it will determine how I use classes. Here are two bits of code. [snip already well-quoted examples] I can't figure out why it is working this way. I figure I must be thinking about this wrong. I was thinking that I could bind attributes to the class from within methods using the self prefix. According to this example I can only when passing other info into the init. Is there a rule that I am just not aware off? Am I totally off base (I am not real experienced)? What is the self prefix for then if not to bind up the tree? You are clearly Doing Something Wrong (tm), as I and a number of other experienced Python programmers don't see the problems you are seeing. Is it possible that you didn't cut-and-paste those examples, but instead retypes them, and in so doing accidentally corrected your error in the posting you made to the group? You seem to understand how classes should (and do) work, so it was probably a PICNIC error :-) regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: urllib.urlopen doesn't work
Josef Cihal wrote:
Hallo,
i need a help with module URLLIB.
I am trying to open url via:
-urllib.urlopen
('http://brokerjet.ecetra.com/at/markets/stocks/indices.phtml?notation=92866')
Problem is, that I am always redirecting to
- LOGIN page (www.brokerjet.at http://www.brokerjet.at),
and cannot get my page with news, which I want to download.
Can it be, that I forgot to pass all (hidden too) parameters to form by
submit?
Is it possible to get (ask) for all existing valid parameters, which I
need to pass to form
for getting requested page?
Is action submit correct in my case?
Thank you very much for all your help or ideas
I suspect that the problem is you are attempting to access a web
application in which every page checks for a valid login and, if this
isn't present, redirects you to the login page.
You might try a URL for the form
http://username:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/path/resource
as this is the easiest way to achieve basic authentication. Otherwise
there are other ways, which you can get back to us about.
Also you might try just starting a new browser session an entering the
URL that gave you problems in your code. If the browser displays the
page correctly then *either* it has cookies set that you aren't setting
when you call urllib.urlopen() *or* I'm wrong. :-)
regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with response object
Harish Kotian wrote: Hi Steve I copied the lines from your mail and again got the error. I am only pasting the relevant error lines below. • Error Type: Python ActiveX Scripting Engine (0x80020009) Traceback (most recent call last): File Script Block , line 1, in ? response.redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) NameError: name 'response' is not defined /test/test7.asp, line 3 response.redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) The code now reads as below %@ LANGUAGE = Python% % response.redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) % - Original Message - From: Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Harish Kotian [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: python-list@python.org Sent: Saturday, September 03, 2005 10:42 AM Subject: Re: Problem with response object Harish Kotian wrote: Hi Steve Thank you for getting back. I suspect I am having problem with the response object in Python. I also tried with response.write it didn't work. I pasted your code into my page and tried it. I am again pasting the code followed by the error page. I shall be grateful if you can figure out the problem. harish. %@ LANGUAGE = Python% % response.redirect(http://yahoo.com/;) ^^^ % The page cannot be displayed The page cannot be displayed There is a problem with the page you are trying to reach and it cannot be displayed. Please try the following: List of 2 items • Click the Refresh button, or try again later. • Open the kotian home page, and then look for links to the information you want. list end HTTP 500.100 - Internal Server Error - ASP error Internet Information Services Technical Information (for support personnel) List of 5 items • Error Type: Python ActiveX Scripting Engine (0x80020009) invalid syntax /test/test7.asp, line 4, column 4 response.redirect(http://yahoo.com/;) ---^ • Browser Type: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322) • Page: GET /test/test7.asp • Time: Saturday, September 03, 2005, 10:32:03 AM • More information: Microsoft Support list end The traceback explains the problem: Python programs must start with no indentation. Even when writing in ASP code-brackets (% ... %) each code block must be a valid Python snippet. Also each code block stands alone, so you start afresh with no indentation whenever you open a new code-bracket. Try % response.redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) % OK. This is excellent. You will notice you are no longer receiving syntax error reports. It may not seem like it, but this is progress! Could you now try % Response.Redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) % Hint: Python is case-sensitive. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with response object
Harish Kotian wrote: Hi Steve Thank you for getting back. I suspect I am having problem with the response object in Python. I also tried with response.write it didn't work. I pasted your code into my page and tried it. I am again pasting the code followed by the error page. I shall be grateful if you can figure out the problem. harish. %@ LANGUAGE = Python% % response.redirect(http://yahoo.com/;) ^^^ % The page cannot be displayed The page cannot be displayed There is a problem with the page you are trying to reach and it cannot be displayed. Please try the following: List of 2 items • Click the Refresh button, or try again later. • Open the kotian home page, and then look for links to the information you want. list end HTTP 500.100 - Internal Server Error - ASP error Internet Information Services Technical Information (for support personnel) List of 5 items • Error Type: Python ActiveX Scripting Engine (0x80020009) invalid syntax /test/test7.asp, line 4, column 4 response.redirect(http://yahoo.com/;) ---^ • Browser Type: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322) • Page: GET /test/test7.asp • Time: Saturday, September 03, 2005, 10:32:03 AM • More information: Microsoft Support list end The traceback explains the problem: Python programs must start with no indentation. Even when writing in ASP code-brackets (% ... %) each code block must be a valid Python snippet. Also each code block stands alone, so you start afresh with no indentation whenever you open a new code-bracket. Try % response.redirect(http://www.holdenweb.com/;) % and see if that works. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python logo
i noticed that Python uses various logos: http://python.org/pics/pythonHi.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner038.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner037.gif http://python.org/pics/PythonPoweredSmall.gif http://wiki.python.org/pics/PyBanner057.gif is this some decision that python should use various different logos? Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: To the python-list moderator
Terry Reedy wrote: What's happening is that Spambayes is marking the message as UNSURE. The message that mailman sends to the sender is unfortunate. The Message has a suspicious header notice is misleading because the user did not have any header in their message that caused it to be held (at least normally not). Is that hardwired into Spambayes or can it be edited. it's a mailman thing. I suspect that they run things through spambayes, and use mailman filters to look for UNSURE in the X-Spam-Status header added by spambayes. see e.g. http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw-mm.py?req=showfile=faq03.059.htp I'm pretty sure the python.org administrators have the mailman source code, so it shouldn't be that hard to fix the message... /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help for NewBies at WikiBooks
Hi ! I had read the article on Python's concept Metaclass: zero error in the content ! @-salutations Michel Claveau -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
Xah Lee wrote: i noticed that Python uses various logos: http://python.org/pics/pythonHi.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner038.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner037.gif http://python.org/pics/PythonPoweredSmall.gif http://wiki.python.org/pics/PyBanner057.gif is this some decision that python should use various different logos? Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ Yes. -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyBool_FromLong
Michael Hoffman wrote: Andrew MacKeith wrote: In the C API Docs, the signature of PyBool from long seems to be incorrect. int PyBool_FromLong(long v) Returns Py_True or Py_False depending on the truth value of v. New in version 2.3. The description would suggest: PyObject* PyBool_FromLong(long v) That's in the source too (dist/src/Objects/boolobject.c, dist/src/Include/boolobject.h). Want to submit a documentation bug? Not necessary. I just fixed it. Reinhold -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
Xah Lee ha scritto: i noticed that Python uses various logos: Ok, this are not a logo, but better image are this: http://python.org/pics/PythonIndented_Back.jpg Michele -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
what's the decision? any reference to the discussion? i thought it is better for Python to have one single recognizable logo. Perhaps python doesn't have a logo and the official python people decided it shouldn't or just doesn't have one currently? of course, a logo helps in identity and as well as advertisement. Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ Steve Holden wrote: Xah Lee wrote: i noticed that Python uses various logos: http://python.org/pics/pythonHi.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner038.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner037.gif http://python.org/pics/PythonPoweredSmall.gif http://wiki.python.org/pics/PyBanner057.gif is this some decision that python should use various different logos? Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ Yes. -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
Xah Lee wrote: i noticed that Python uses various logos: http://python.org/pics/pythonHi.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner038.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner037.gif http://python.org/pics/PythonPoweredSmall.gif http://wiki.python.org/pics/PyBanner057.gif is this some decision that python should use various different logos? Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. - Ralph Waldo Emerson Tim C PS Yes, I know that I shouldn't feed the trolls (or hobgoblins), but I invoke Screwtape's Defence: other people who should know better don't seem to be able to resist the temptation either... PPS Emerson's assertion might well apply not just to Python logos, but also, ahem, to certain aspects of the Python standard library. TC -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal: add sys to __builtins__
Michael Hoffman wrote: To the contrary, I agree with Larry Wall that laziness is one of the cardinal virtues of a programmer. There's lazy and too lazy. You don't want to be too lazy to even get out of bed to code in Python. Of course, with Perl, that's entirely another mattress^Wmatter. Would you argue that the language is superior because half of its modules must have import sys at the beginning I wouldn't dare arguing about superiority. I was just stating your proposal didn't really solve anything. A good editor/template and .pythonrc already save you the typing of 'import sys' in scripts for the former and shell command for the latter. Sorry, that's incorrect Alright, that was a bit of an overstatement. I should have said your proposal is perceptibly useful in those shell one-liners. The distribution of script and modules is another matter. As for my opinion, you've already guessed I don't perceive 'import sys' as an issue. Therefore, the special case of an implicit import of sys does not appeal to me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. - Ralph Waldo Emerson Tim C PS Yes, I know that I shouldn't feed the trolls (or hobgoblins), but I invoke Screwtape's Defence: other people who should know better don't seem to be able to resist the temptation either... PPS Emerson's assertion might well apply not just to Python logos, but also, ahem, to certain aspects of the Python standard library. AMEN! and +1 QOTW Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 'isa' keyword
talin at acm dot org wrote: Thanks for all the respones :) I realized up front that this suggestion is unlikely to gain approval, for reasons eloquently stated above. However, there are still some interesting issues raised that I would like to discuss. Let me first respond to a few of the comments: What's the difference between this and ``isinstance`` ? What's the difference between 'in' and 'has_key()? 1) Its shorter and more readable, 2) it can be overridden to mean different things for different container types. Your analogy doesn't apply to non dictionaries. In any case, nothing stops you from writing your own has_key() method for a different container type. Likewise, if you made an isa keyword, it would just call a method to have the traits you described above. You could write your own method to see if it was an instance of the class, but it would end up being more or less similar to isinstance(). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
Xah Lee wrote: what's the decision? any reference to the discussion? i thought it is better for Python to have one single recognizable logo. Perhaps python doesn't have a logo and the official python people decided it shouldn't or just doesn't have one currently? of course, a logo helps in identity and as well as advertisement. Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ Steve Holden wrote: Xah Lee wrote: i noticed that Python uses various logos: http://python.org/pics/pythonHi.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner038.gif http://python.org/pics/PyBanner037.gif http://python.org/pics/PythonPoweredSmall.gif http://wiki.python.org/pics/PyBanner057.gif is this some decision that python should use various different logos? Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ Yes. -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ There should only be one obvious way to do it, but there are many creative ways to do it too. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to identify which interface a broadcast packet comes in on?
Hi,
If I have a program listening on 0.0.0.0:(someport) on all interfaces,
how do I know which network interface a broadcast packet is coming in
on - assuming Linux and _many_ interfaces. And how do I set which
interface a frame will leave on, assuming I'm sending a raw frame (no
IP address, just the ethernet address).
If I use C, it seems I'm to use the IP_PKTINFO socket options,
send/recv the ancillary messages and set/check the ipi_ifindex value.
struct in_pktinfo {
unsigned intipi_ifindex;/* Interface index */
struct in_addr ipi_spec_dst; /* Local address */
struct in_addr ipi_addr; /* Header Destination address
*/
};
How would I achieve the same thing in Python?
This would be useful for writing something like a DHCP server - such a
server could receive packets with source IP addresses of 0.0.0.0
destined to 255.255.255.255, and will need to know which interface the
packet is coming in from AND the source ethernet (or other link layer)
address so that it can send the replies out the right interface.
Thanks!
Link.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
embedding python in C, working but with exception at the end
well I manage to figure it out myself. I'm using Bloodshed Dev-cpp
Here's the code:
#include python.h
#include stdio.h
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
double answer = 0;
PyObject *modname, *mod, *mdict, *func, *stringarg, *args, *rslt;
Py_Initialize();
modname = PyString_FromString(Test);
mod = PyImport_Import(modname);
if (mod)
{
mdict = PyModule_GetDict(mod);
func = PyDict_GetItemString(mdict, doit); /* borrowed
reference */
if (func)
{
if (PyCallable_Check(func))
{
stringarg = PyString_FromString(5);/*pay
attention here*/
args = PyTuple_New(1);
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, stringarg);
rslt = PyObject_CallObject(func, args);
if (rslt)
{
answer = PyFloat_AsDouble(rslt);
Py_XDECREF(rslt);
}
Py_XDECREF(stringarg);
Py_XDECREF(args);
}
}
Py_XDECREF(mod);
}
Py_XDECREF(modname);
Py_Finalize();
printf(%g,answer);
return 0;
}
I need to add include and lib directories to the project in order to
everything works fine. Also Test.py is copied in Dev-cpp source code's
folder.
Test file contains the following code
def doit(x1):
try:
x2 = eval(x1)
except:
print 'Error!'
return 0
else:
return x2
However there is an error. Look at the line stringarg =
PyString_FromString(5); If I put this:
stringarg = PyString_FromString(5+2); or even this stringarg =
PyString_FromString(5.0);
Program crashes at line Py_Finalize(). Program tries to read some
memory location and suffer run time exception.
Only suggestion is to try to send it to Microsoft.
Why is this happening?
Everything (seems to) works fine I comment line Py_Finalize(), but I
know that this is not a real solution.
Does anybode have a clue what is happening?
Thanks
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 'isa' keyword
On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 00:45:19 -0500, Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm not talking about a change in *paradigm* merely a change in *syntax*; this: receiver selector argument would mean the same as the current Python: receiver.selector(argument) Aah, I see. I had assumed that selector was always going to be an operator. 3 . (+ 4) does indeed seem very SmallTalkative. I don't think that Python method (or attribute) selection bears any relationship to SmallTalk message-passing, but I hope you will feel free to enlighten me. Let's consider the Python example first. You have two classes A and B. Each has a method called 'selector'. When the line of code above is executed, the Python virtual machine decides whether (receiver) is a member of A or B, and then executed one of A.selector() or B.selector() depending on which it is. Whichever function is executed, it is passed with (reciever) as the self argument so that the correct data is operated on. And now let's consider the Smalltalk example. How does it do it? Essentially it does *exactly the same thing*. (Yes, I know there are many differneces in detail between how Snalltalk and Python work, but they are only *details*; the fundamental idea governing how these two object-oriented languages work is the same). would necessarily benefit Python at this stage. Some people are still under the misapprehension that message-passing is a fundamental of object-oriented programming because of Smalltalk, but they are wrong. I don't see how it can reasonably said that STK has message-passing but other OOPLs don't. Consider these code fragments: Smalltalk: receiver selector: argument C++ or Java: receiver.selector(argument); Python: receiver.selector(argument) PHP: $receiver-selector($argument) (I'm not sure if the last one is right since I've not done much OO stuff in PHP) These all mean essentially the same thing so how can one be message passing and the others not? Sorry, they don't all mean essentially the same thing at all. It seems to me you are looking at SmallTalk in entirely too superficial a light. OK, allow me to reprase it. Imagine a language ith the semantics of Python but the syntax of C++ or PHP or Smalltalk (or Lisp for that matter). It would still basically be Python, wouldn't it? In SmallTalk, control structures aren't syntactic primitives, they are also examples of message-passing, so code blocks are sent as messages to objects. Python eschews such obscurity and (IMHO) gains clarity by so doing. But that is, of course, a matter of opinion. I agree, that's a major point of departure between Python and Smalltalk. Also, remember that just because two expressions in different languages mean the same thing doesn't mean they are implemented using the same techniques. Of course not. CPython and JPython are different implementations, but they are still the same language (mostly). I would contend (if backed into a corner) that there is a significant difference between passing the arguments 3 and 4 to a + operator (which is what Python and most other languages implementing standard ideas of operator precedence do) and sending the message + 4 to the integer 3 (which is effectively what SmallTalk does). In both python and smalltalk you can override the operator to mean what you want, so I disagree that there is any fundamental difference. Why do you think there is? Of course, I realise that you can argue that the two are equivalent in the sense that they perform the same computation. But SmallTalk's choice led to the loss of operator precedence, which is something that is pretty fundamental to mathematics. Surely that's a separate issue, one purely of syntax. Imagine two languages: (* (+ a b) c) and: (a + b) * c These both mean the same thing, they just say it differently. Also Python allows much more flexibility by hard-wiring operators and allowing alternatives to be considered (if the left operand doesn't have an __add__ method then try to use the right operand's __radd__ method). SmallTalk doesn't have any parallel to this that I can think of. You're right; in Smalltalk you'd have to code that functionality in the method for the left-hand object. Of course it isn't only mathematicians who are taught to us the precedence rules, so I contend that SmallTalk would seem counter-intuitive in a Programming for Everyone context as well. Probably. However consider that a language (e.g. C++) may have lots of operators, e.g: | || = = ^ % etc. Is there an obvious natural order of precedence for all these? I suspect that many C++ programmers couldn't put all its operators in the correect order. I speak as one who was partly, and in a minor way, responsible for implementing the SmallTalk system on the Perq architecture back in the 1980's. What's Perq? (Mario Wolczko did the real work). So it's not that I've
Re: Find day of week from month and year
Donn, You didn't look closely enough at those results. The OP's point was that he did not know how to set all the tuple values correctly. Here's a clearer example, I think: import time print time.asctime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,0,0,0)) print time.asctime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,1,0,0)) print time.asctime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,2,0,0)) print time.asctime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,3,0,0)) Prints: Mon Sep 01 00:00:00 2005 Tue Sep 01 00:00:00 2005 Wed Sep 01 00:00:00 2005 Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 2005 No matter what time zone you're in, Sep 1, 2005 can't be all those days of the week! :) Your code works because you use mktime, which appears to ignore the dayOfWeek element of the input tuple, as shown by the following: print time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.mktime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 print time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.mktime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,1,0,0 print time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.mktime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,2,0,0 print time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.mktime((2005,9,1,0,0,0,3,0,0 Prints: Thu Sep 01 06:00:00 2005 Thu Sep 01 06:00:00 2005 Thu Sep 01 06:00:00 2005 Thu Sep 01 06:00:00 2005 -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python logo
Tim Churches wrote: PPS Emerson's assertion might well apply not just to Python logos, but also, ahem, to certain aspects of the Python standard library. you've read the python style guide, I presume? http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: embedding python in C, working but with exception at the end
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Program crashes at line Py_Finalize(). Program tries to read some memory location and suffer run time exception. PyTuple_SetItem steals a reference, so changing Py_XDECREF(stringarg); Py_XDECREF(args); to just Py_XDECREF(args); might fix the problem. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in string.find; was: Re: Proposed PEP: New style indexing,was Re: Bug in slice type
Bengt Richter wrote: On Wed, 31 Aug 2005 14:16:28 GMT, Ron Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [...] The problem with negative index's are that positive index's are zero based, but negative index's are 1 based. Which leads to a non symmetrical situations. Although it is _way_ too late to try something like this, once upon a time you could have done all of this using the one's complement operator: ~0 does exist and is distinct from 0. So you could talk about a slice: str[4 : ~2] and so on. --Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: embedding python in C, working but with exception at the end
I see a couple of problems. First, because I'm using Unix, where filenames are
case-sensitive, I had to '#include Python.h' instead of '#include
python.h'.
Next, it looks like the behavior that '.' is placed on sys.path isn't done
automatically when embedding. So I had to set the environment variable
PYTHONPATH=. since Test.py was in the current directory.
Before I did this, I got this output:
Exception exceptions.ImportError: 'No module named Test' in 'garbage
collection' ignored
Fatal Python error: unexpected exception during garbage collection
Aborted
which was a clue about the problem you were running into. This ImportError was
being caused back at PyImport_Import but was being transmuted into a fatal
error down at Py_Finalize(). By adding 'else { PyErr_Print(); }' to the end of
'if(mod)', I got the error message printed and cleared. Now, garbage
collection which is kicked off by Py_Finalize() doesn't find the existing error
condition and treat it as a fatal error.
In your code, 'rslt' will be a Python Integer, not a Python Float, so
PyFloat_AsDouble will fail. You could either write something like
if (rslt)
{
if(PyFloat_Check(rslt)) {
answer = PyFloat_AsDouble(rslt);
} else {
printf(not a float\n);
answer = 1.0;
}
Py_XDECREF(rslt);
}
instead, or use PyErr_Check() + PyErr_Print() or PyErr_Clear().
If you want to accept integer or float returns, then maybe you want
if(PyFloat_Check(rslt)) { answer = PyFloat_AsDouble(rslt); }
else if(PyInt_Check(rslt)) { answer = PyInt_AsLong(rslt); }
else probably not a numeric type
Jeff
pgpsNcJ3ylwlJ.pgp
Description: PGP signature
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Decrypting GPG/PGP email messages
Piet van Oostrum wrote: What benefit is there in encrypting the messages? It would only prevent people intercepting the message from seeing what's inside, but it won't give you any additional protection on the server. You are right. Bad guys can still try to send garbage to my system and, with some luck, can mess everything up. After reading your message I decided to add some more control over what the remote user can do and how he can reach the server: - a list of allowed users (based on e-mail identity plus OTP, see below) - a list of allowed commands (still with root-level ones, I'm afraid) - chroot for the most dangerous commands, when possible It is still dangerous but, frankly, I could not do any better. And if somebody can intercept the messages there is a much bigger danger: They could save the message and replay it later. You can't protect against this with encryption (well, with encryption they won't know what they are doing). Neither with a digital signature. Only checking timestamps, keeping track of the messages received and/or a challenge/response system will help in this case. You are right again. As a consequence, I decided to add a one-time-password to the encrypted message, in order to be sure of the sender identity and of the uniqueness of the message (the OTP works as a sequence item identifier, as well). I'm going to use my own implementation of OTP because the existing mechanism are devoted to protect the remote login channel and cannot be easily adapted to my weird e-mail-based mechanism. Anyway, I'm going to use a (encrypted) very long pseudo-random alpha-numeric sequence as a OTP so it should be quite safe. If you only sign, it will be sufficient, but there is a more complete one (including decryption) in http://trac.t7a.org/isconf/file/trunk/lib/python/isconf/GPG.py Thanks for this info. I'm studying it. --- Alessandro Bottoni -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pyNMS
The pyNMS package is available for network management using Linux. Is there anything similar for Win32? Colin W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problems with Python for Windows extensions
the code below is taken from M$ technet as an example on using vb script to do a replace all in word: Const wdReplaceAll = 2 Set objWord = CreateObject(Word.Application) objWord.Visible = True Set objDoc = objWord.Documents.Open(K:\Development\Fabricbase\prod\Test.doc) Set objSelection = objWord.Selection objSelection.Find.Text = Contoso objSelection.Find.Forward = True objSelection.Find.MatchWholeWord = True objSelection.Find.Replacement.Text = Fabrikam objSelection.Find.Execute ,,wdReplaceAll I did a rewrite and made it pythonic: from win32com.client import * wdReplaceAll = 2 objWord = Dispatch(Word.Application) objWord.Visible = True objDoc = objWord.Documents.Open(K:\Development\Fabricbase\prod\Test.doc) objSelection = objWord.Selection objSelection.Find.Text = Contoso objSelection.Find.Forward = True objSelection.Find.MatchWholeWord = True objSelection.Find.Replacement.Text = Fabrikam objSelection.Find.Execute (Replace = wdReplaceAll) However, the document juz loaded up in word but no action was taken. I am using Word 2003. Any ideas? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Find day of week from month and year
Paul Rubin wrote: Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: (And, if I were optimizing, I would of course dispense with the dynamic creation of the static table upon every execution of expiration(), and move it outside the function.) Replacing it with a tuple might be enough for that. You're right, and in fact that would actually be even faster since then it's a LOAD_CONST instead of a LOAD_GLOBAL. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using common lisp with python.
Thank you all for the advice, I think I'll be writing my lisp code in python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to identify which interface a broadcast packet comes in on?
On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 18:46:05 +0800, Lincoln Yeoh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, If I have a program listening on 0.0.0.0:(someport) on all interfaces, how do I know which network interface a broadcast packet is coming in on - assuming Linux and _many_ interfaces. And how do I set which interface a frame will leave on, assuming I'm sending a raw frame (no IP address, just the ethernet address). If I use C, it seems I'm to use the IP_PKTINFO socket options, send/recv the ancillary messages and set/check the ipi_ifindex value. ... How would I achieve the same thing in Python? Someone may want to correct me, but from what I can see, the socket module is almost a 1:1 mapping between the socket support your C lib has, and Python. Plus some compatibility code for Windows. You should be able to do everything you can do in C. Your code may become Linux-specific if you're not careful, though. /Jorgen -- // Jorgen Grahn jgrahn@ Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu \X/algonet.se R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Find day of week from month and year
On Fri, 02 Sep 2005 20:53:44 -0400, Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Carsten Haese wrote: On Fri, 2005-09-02 at 16:46, Laguna wrote: def expiration(year, month): weekday = calendar.weekday(year, month, 1) table = [19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 21, 20] return table[weekday] ... True, but do you find that more readable? If I saw that in code I was maintaining I would likely rewrite it, probably to look a lot like the first one (though likely with a more descriptive name than table... maybe expirationTable?). That doesn't explain anything, IMHO. What 'table' really is is a list of day-of-month candidates for the third Friday. For some pieces of code, I find that it's better to document what it /does/ than to try to document /how/ it does it. And maybe add a bunch of unit tests to /demonstrate/ that it seems to work. The next programmer can then choose to either (a) understand the code or (b) rip it out and replace it. I would leave the body alone, but rename the function 'third_friday_of_month', and do 'expiration = third_friday_of_month'. /Jorgen -- // Jorgen Grahn jgrahn@ Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu \X/algonet.se R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extend Python
On Thu, 1 Sep 2005 19:09:55 +0200, Filip Dreger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My Question: Swig offers some great features but is to basic for us. Is there another program that creates more readble code that can be easily edited? How much work is it to write our own wrappers? Not too much, and practicaly not at all if you want to wrap procedures (not objects or types): - marshaslling an argument list from Python to C and from C to Python takes exactly 1 line of code, - handling errors takes 2 lines of code (unless you want to do something fancy with them; I mean just catching an exception and getting the error message). - entry in the PyMethodDef is one simple line Bottomline: you need 5 additional lines of C code per procedure to make it usable from Python. Unless you have hundreds of procedures, there is no point in using special tools to do that. Especially if you need full control over the results. My experience too. At least if you are a C programmer. If it gets hard, it's because the things you wrap do something funky: take complex memory structures as arguments, have odd resource management, etc. A tool cannot help you with that anyway. /Jorgen -- // Jorgen Grahn jgrahn@ Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu \X/algonet.se R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Managing events
Hi, I have a class (a gui) with buttons and other controls. A button, for example, has a callback method, so that writing b = Button(label, OnClick) will call the global OnClick method. Now, if I want the OnClick method to call some of my main class methods, I need to write: UI = None ... class MainClass: ... global UI = self Then, def OnClik(button): UI.do_something(button.get_label()) Is this the correct way to do it in Python ? Isn't there a potential flaw in declaring my MainClass instance as a global variable ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
Bryan wrote: Do you want to be a network engineer? lol... definetely not! It's just my curiosity. At my work my tools are: vba, vbs, jet-sql (ms access), t-sql (ms sql server). The pretty humble set. My first two guess are: The client is trying to make more than one connection. Putting accept in a loop and moving some stuff will support that. BUT your *1st version* does NOT support more than ONE client's connection! How do I know that? I just ran several (3) instances of my.vbs (almost) simultaneously and only the first of them could connect to SQL Server via Python! Just in case: SQL Server itself can accept up to 32767 clients. Then (if I'm not wrong here) what's the difference with my own version? Maybe replacing send() with sendall() will be quite enough to make it working over LAN? I've NOT tested this! PS Yes! Your last version works like a champ. It easily handles up to 5 instances of my.vbs! Except of this thing: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'SHUT_WR' Seems it's a pure Unix constant. But it does NOT work without IDLE! Odd. What happens if you run it from a command line? In a moment - AFTER I start my.vbs - in console window new prompt D:\ appears... and vbs reports General Network Error. Dennis; No no no! It's NOT firewalls trick. It's NOT db permissions issue. VBS and SQL Server work with each other ABSOLUTELY FINE - from ANY machine at ANY time at ANY free port - BUT WITHOUT Python being a mediator for them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Decrypting GPG/PGP email messages
Alessandro Bottoni [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I'm going to use my own implementation of OTP because the existing mechanism are devoted to protect the remote login channel and cannot be easily adapted to my weird e-mail-based mechanism. Anyway, I'm going to use a (encrypted) very long pseudo-random alpha-numeric sequence as a OTP so it should be quite safe. Be very careful. You have to really know what you're doing to have any chance of implementing something like this securely. See the book Practical Cryptography by Schneier and Ferguson. You're much better off using GPG/PGP if you can. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in string.find
Terry Reedy wrote: b[-1:] = ['Z']# replaces last item b[-1:-0] = ['Z'] # this doesn't work If you are using negative index slices, you need to check for end conditions because you can't address the end of the slice in a sequential/numerical way. OK, now I understand your question, the answer 'get a one's complement machine', and your point that without a -0 separate from +0, there is a subtle asymmetry that is easy to overlook. Yes, I don't thinks it falls in the catagory of bugs, probably closer to a minor wart. As I posted before (but perhaps it arrived after you sent this), one number indexing rounds down, introducing a slight asymmetry. I didn't see that one, Perhaps you did not see my other long post, where I drew ascii pictures? Yes, I saw it. I think we are expressing the same things in different ways. In the US (and UK?), the ground level floor of a multifloor building is the first floor. In continental Europe (all or just some?), the ground floor is the ground (effectively zeroth) floor while the first floor up is the first stage (resting place on the stairway). In the VA Hospital here in Tampa, the ground floor in the front elevator is on the same level as the lobby, while the ground floor in the elevator on the other side of the building is on the floor below. ;-) I don't think people would miss negative strides much if they were removed. Replacing these case's with reverse() methods shouldn't be that difficult. Yes, the introduction of reversed partly obsoleted the use of negative strides, at least outside of its numerical array origin. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 'isa' keyword
phil hunt wrote: On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 00:45:19 -0500, Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm not talking about a change in *paradigm* merely a change in *syntax*; this: receiver selector argument would mean the same as the current Python: receiver.selector(argument) Aah, I see. I had assumed that selector was always going to be an operator. 3 . (+ 4) does indeed seem very SmallTalkative. I don't think that Python method (or attribute) selection bears any relationship to SmallTalk message-passing, but I hope you will feel free to enlighten me. Let's consider the Python example first. You have two classes A and B. Each has a method called 'selector'. When the line of code above is executed, the Python virtual machine decides whether (receiver) is a member of A or B, and then executed one of A.selector() or B.selector() depending on which it is. Whichever function is executed, it is passed with (reciever) as the self argument so that the correct data is operated on. And now let's consider the Smalltalk example. How does it do it? Essentially it does *exactly the same thing*. (Yes, I know there are many differneces in detail between how Snalltalk and Python work, but they are only *details*; the fundamental idea governing how these two object-oriented languages work is the same). It's the differences we are talking about. All you have said above is that Python and SmallTalk both use late-binding to resolve names, allowing them to implement polymorphic behavior. would necessarily benefit Python at this stage. Some people are still under the misapprehension that message-passing is a fundamental of object-oriented programming because of Smalltalk, but they are wrong. I don't see how it can reasonably said that STK has message-passing but other OOPLs don't. Consider these code fragments: Smalltalk: receiver selector: argument C++ or Java: receiver.selector(argument); Python: receiver.selector(argument) PHP: $receiver-selector($argument) (I'm not sure if the last one is right since I've not done much OO stuff in PHP) These all mean essentially the same thing so how can one be message passing and the others not? Sorry, they don't all mean essentially the same thing at all. It seems to me you are looking at SmallTalk in entirely too superficial a light. OK, allow me to reprase it. Imagine a language ith the semantics of Python but the syntax of C++ or PHP or Smalltalk (or Lisp for that matter). It would still basically be Python, wouldn't it? I'm not sure I understand this. You appear to be saying, in essence, they are all programming languages, so despite the fact that they work slightly differently the similarity is we can write programs in them all. In SmallTalk, control structures aren't syntactic primitives, they are also examples of message-passing, so code blocks are sent as messages to objects. Python eschews such obscurity and (IMHO) gains clarity by so doing. But that is, of course, a matter of opinion. I agree, that's a major point of departure between Python and Smalltalk. Right, but it's precisely SmallTalk's message-passing techniques that allow this to work. Of course Python can create code blocks with compiler.compile(), but this is not mainstream, and Python has so many more-useful mechanisms to implement program control that using code objects as data is correctly regarded as being ion the boundaries of language voodoo. Also, remember that just because two expressions in different languages mean the same thing doesn't mean they are implemented using the same techniques. Of course not. CPython and JPython are different implementations, but they are still the same language (mostly). That we can agree on. But both differ substantially from SmallTalk. I would contend (if backed into a corner) that there is a significant difference between passing the arguments 3 and 4 to a + operator (which is what Python and most other languages implementing standard ideas of operator precedence do) and sending the message + 4 to the integer 3 (which is effectively what SmallTalk does). In both python and smalltalk you can override the operator to mean what you want, so I disagree that there is any fundamental difference. Why do you think there is? Because in Python the interpreter has hard-wired code associated with each operator. This code examines the left- and right-hand operands, calling various methods on them if they exist. In SmallTalk the operator is the first element of a message sent to the left-hand operand, and if the object (or one of its superclasses) has no method corresponding with the operator then a don't understand operator exception is raised. In other words, the differences aren't purely syntactic. Of course, I realise that you can argue that the two are equivalent in the sense that they perform the same computation. But
Re: pickling the objects returned by array.array()
Raymond Hettinger wrote: John Machin wrote: Looks like arrays are NOW (2.4.1) pickleable but not unpickleable Please file a bug report and assign to me. Done. http://python.org/sf/1281383 Reinhold -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
n00m wrote:
Your last version works like a champ. It easily handles up
to 5 instances of my.vbs! Except of this thing:
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'SHUT_WR'
Seems it's a pure Unix constant.
No, my guess is that you're running an old version of Python.
The constant was added in the source on 27 Nov 2003; I'm not
sure what version that would first appear in. You can fix it
either by upgrading your Python distribution (a good idea
anyway), or replacing:
sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
with:
sock.shutdown(1)
But it does NOT work without IDLE!
Odd. What happens if you run it from a command line?
In a moment - AFTER I start my.vbs - in console window new prompt
D:\ appears... and vbs reports General Network Error.
Hmmm... not much to go on there. I tested it on Win-XP, running
it from a command line. I set the server to ('www.googl.com',
80), and I was able to web-search through it.
Are you running XP's local firewall?
--
--Bryan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in string.find; was: Re: Proposed PEP: New style indexing,was Re: Bug in slice type
Bengt Richter wrote:
IMO the problem is that the index sign is doing two jobs, which for zero-based
reverse indexing have to be separate: i.e., to show direction _and_ a _signed_
offset which needs to be realtive to the direction and base position.
Yes, that's definitely part of it.
A list-like class, and an option to use a zero-based reverse index will
illustrate:
class Zbrx(object):
... def __init__(self, value=0):
... self.value = value
... def __repr__(self): return 'Zbrx(%r)'%self.value
... def __sub__(self, other): return Zbrx(self.value - other)
... def __add__(self, other): return Zbrx(self.value + other)
...
class Zbrxlist(object):
... def normslc(self, slc):
... sss = [slc.start, slc.stop, slc.step]
... for i,s in enumerate(sss):
... if isinstance(s, Zbrx): sss[i] = len(self.value)-1-s.value
... return tuple(sss), slice(*sss)
... def __init__(self, value):
... self.value = value
... def __getitem__(self, i):
... if isinstance(i, int):
... return '[%r]: %r'%(i, self.value[i])
... elif isinstance(i, Zbrx):
... return '[%r]: %r'%(i, self.value[len(self.value)-1-i.value])
... elif isinstance(i, slice):
... sss, slc = self.normslc(i)
... return '[%r:%r:%r]: %r'%(sss+ (list.__getitem__(self.value,
slc),))
... def __setitem__(self, i, v):
... if isinstance(i, int):
... list.__setitem__(self, i, v)
... elif isinstance(i, slice):
... sss, slc = self.normslc(i)
... list.__setitem__(self.value, slc, v)
... def __repr__(self): return 'Zbrxlist(%r)'%self.value
...
zlast = Zbrx(0)
zbr10 = Zbrxlist(range(10))
zbr10[zlast]
'[Zbrx(0)]: 9'
zbr10[zlast:]
'[9:None:None]: [9]'
zbr10[zlast:zlast] = ['end']
zbr10
Zbrxlist([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 'end', 9])
ztop = Zbrx(-1)
zbr10[ztop:ztop] = ['final']
zbr10
Zbrxlist([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 'end', 9, 'final'])
zbr10[zlast:]
[11:None:None]: ['final']
zbr10[zlast]
[Zbrx(0)]: 'final'
zbr10[zlast+1]
'[Zbrx(1)]: 9'
zbr10[zlast+2]
[Zbrx(2)]: 'end'
a = Zbrxlist(list('abcde'))
a
Zbrxlist(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'])
Forgot to provide a __len__ method ;-)
a[len(a.value):len(a.value)] = ['end']
a
Zbrxlist(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'end'])
lastx refers to the last items by zero-based reverse indexing
a[lastx]
[Zbrx(0)]: 'end'
a[lastx:lastx] = ['last']
a
Zbrxlist(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'last', 'end'])
As expected, or do you want to define different semantics?
You still need to spell len(a) in the slice somehow to indicate
beond the top. E.g.,
a[lastx-1:lastx-1] = ['final']
a
Zbrxlist(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'last', 'end', 'final'])
Perhaps you can take the above toy and make something that works
they way you had in mind? Nothing like implementation to give
your ideas reality ;-)
Thanks, I'll play around with it. ;-)
As you stated before the index is doing two jobs, so limiting it in some
way may be what is needed. Here's a few possible (or impossible) options.
(Some of these aren't pretty.)
* Disallow *all* negative values, use values of start/stop to determine
direction. Indexing from far end needs to be explicit (len(n)-x).
a[len(a):0]reverse order
a[len(a):0:2] reveres order, even items
(I was wondering why list's couldn't have len,min, and max attribute
that are updated when ever the list is modified in place of using
len,min, and max functions? Would the overhead be that much?)
a[len.a:0]
* Disallow negative index's, use negative steps to determine indexing
direction. Order of index's to determine output order.
a[len(a):0:-1] forward order, zero based indexing from end.
a[0:len(a):-1] reverse order, zero based from end.
a[0:1:-1] last item
I works, but single a[-1] is used extremely often. I don't think having
to do a[0:1:-1] would be very popular.
* A reverse index symbol/operator could be used ...
a[~0] - last item, This works BTW. :-) ~0 == -1
a[~1] - next to last item
(Could this be related to the original intended use?)
a[~0:~0] slice after end ?. Doesn't work correctly.
What is needed here is to index from the left instead of the right.
a[~0] - item to left of end gap.
*IF* this could be done; I'm sure there's some reason why this won't
work. ;-), then all indexing operations with '~' could be symmetric with
all positive indexing operations. Then in Python 3k true negative
index's could cause an exception... less bugs I bet. And then negative
steps could reverse lists with a lot less confusion, keeping that
functionality as well.
Maybe a[~:~] == a[-len(a):-0]
a[~:] == a[-len(a):len(a)]
a[:~] == a[0:-0]
a[~:~] == a[:]
This
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
n00m wrote: Bryan wrote: PS Yes! Your last version works like a champ. It easily handles up to 5 instances of my.vbs! Except of this thing: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'SHUT_WR' Seems it's a pure Unix constant. Definitely not. Are you sure you've got a proper Python install? c:\python Python 2.4.1 (#65, Mar 30 2005, 09:13:57) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 import socket dir(socket) ['AF_APPLETALK', 'AF_DECnet', ... 'SHUT_RD', 'SHUT_RDWR', 'SHUT_WR', 'SOCK_DGRAM', ... 'sys', 'timeout'] socket.SHUT_WR 1 If you're really getting this error it would seem something is very wrong on your machine. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: plotting with gnuplot.py
Thanks for the response Varun, I guess I still not sure the distingtion betweein gnuplot.py and its implentation in scipy. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in string.find; was: Re: Proposed PEP: New style indexing,wasRe: Bug in slice type
Ron Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] (I was wondering why list's couldn't have len,min, and max attribute that are updated when ever the list is modified in place of using len,min, and max functions? Python's list and, I believe, other builtin roster objects do have a C-level length attribute. For mutables, it is updated. __len__ is just a get of int value the and conversion to int object. Min and max are defined and sensible for only a subset of lists, and when they are, are very seldom need repeated updates. Would the overhead be that much?) For the fraction of times used, yes. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Managing events
cantabile wrote: Hi, I have a class (a gui) with buttons and other controls. A button, for example, has a callback method, so that writing b = Button(label, OnClick) will call the global OnClick method. Now, if I want the OnClick method to call some of my main class methods, I need to write: UI = None ... class MainClass: ... global UI = self Then, def OnClik(button): UI.do_something(button.get_label()) Is this the correct way to do it in Python ? Isn't there a potential flaw in declaring my MainClass instance as a global variable ? Yes. Normally graphical widgets are declared as object classes (in both wxPython and Tkinter, at least) for precisely this reason. Then the onClick() can be a method of the class, and the callback is a bound method of the class (in other words a method that's already identified with a specific instance). Here's a simple-ish piece of wxPython code to demonstrate. Notice that each paramDialog closes its own dialog box, because the callback provided in the event binding is already bound to the instance. import wx class paramDialog(wx.Dialog): count = 0 # Class variable counts # of instances def __init__(self, parent): wx.Dialog.__init__(self, parent, id=-1, title=This is a Dialog, size=(300, 250)) btn = wx.Button(self, -1, Close Me, (100, 75)) # THIS LINE ASSOCIATES A BOUND METHOD OF THE CURRENT # INSTANCE WITH A CLICK ON THE Close Me BUTTON OF # THIS PARTICULAR DIALOG INSTANCE btn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.shutdown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.shutdown) self.SetAutoLayout(True) paramDialog.count += 1 def shutdown(self, evt): paramDialog.count -= 1 self.Destroy() if paramDialog.count == 0: app.Destroy() import sys sys.exit(Done) class MyApp(wx.App): # wxWidgets calls this method to initialize the application def OnInit(self): frame = wx.Frame(None, -1, This is the main frame) self.SetTopWindow(frame) d1 = paramDialog(frame) d2 = paramDialog(frame) d3 = paramDialog(frame) d1.Show() d2.Show() d3.Show() return True if __name__ == '__main__': app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Managing events
cantabile wrote in news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] in comp.lang.python: Hi, I have a class (a gui) with buttons and other controls. A button, for example, has a callback method, so that writing b = Button(label, OnClick) will call the global OnClick method. Now, if I want the OnClick method to call some of my main class methods, I need to write: UI = None ... class MainClass: ... global UI = self Then, def OnClik(button): UI.do_something(button.get_label()) Is this the correct way to do it in Python ? Try: class MainClass: def do_something( self, label ): pass def OnClick( self, button ): self.do_something( button.get_label() ) def some_method( self ): b = Button( label, self.OnClick ) With the above you could also do: main = MainClass() b = Button( A Label, main.OnClick ) Rob. -- http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Submitting doc bug reports without SF registration
In response to posts about the overhead of registering as SourceForge to submit quick doc typo/bug reports, I sent an email to docs AT python.org (== Fred Drake) about submitting via that address instead. He responded that he really does not want specific action items sent there because such email only goes to him and can get lost or not read for awhile. Tracker reports, on the other hand, give immediate feedback of reception and are immediately readable and possibly acted on by anyone who reviews tracker items. Indeed, fixes sometimes happen within a day or two. On the other hand, he can see that registration could be just enough barrier to stop someone and does not want that either. He knows that the docs 'need more attention and fresh eyes!' So he suggested two possibilities: 1. A DocImprovement wiki. People could optionally sign up for update reports on specific wiki pages. 2. A new SF tracker, only for doc bugs, that would accept anonymous submissions. The other trackers require login because most items need additional feedback from requestors. But reports like On page x.y.x, 'seperate' should be 'separate' do not require feedback unless the requestor wants the 'fixed, thank you' comment emailed. As an item reviewer, I prefer the second, but we are both curious as to the preference of potential no-login reporters. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
1. Python 2.3.4 2. Win98 and Win2k Professional -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANN: PyInstaller 1.0 in the works: package your Python app into a single-file executable
Hello, http://pyinstaller.hpcf.upr.edu/ PyInstaller is a program that packages Python programs into stand-alone executables, under both Windows and Linux. This is similar to the famous py2exe, but PyInstaller is also able to build fully-contained (single file) executables, while py2exe can only build directories containing an executable with multiple dynamic libraries. PyInstaller is an effort to rescue, maintain and further develop Gordon McMillan's Python Installer (now PyInstaller). Their official website is not longer available and the original package is not longer maintained. Believing that it is still far superior to py2exe we have setup this page to continue its further development. We have just begun development on PyInstaller. Feel free to join us in the effort! Please consult our Roadmap (http://pyinstaller.hpcf.upr.edu/pyinstaller/roadmap) to check our plans. -- Giovanni Bajo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: Bryan Olson declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: No, my guess is that you're running an old version of Python. The constant was added in the source on 27 Nov 2003; I'm not Are you sure of that 2003? Yes, but that's when it went into the source, in the sense of first being edited into a file. It was Revision 1.279 of socketmodule.c. http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/python/python/dist/src/Modules/socketmodule.c?rev=1.312view=log -- --Bryan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
descriptors for container items
I personally would first try to dump the quotes and use standard attributes -- countries.us.Colorado... -- and the __get/set/delattr__ methods. If I do that, the attributes (that was a stupid name for me to choose) and children would have to not share any names with each other, with the object's regular attrs, or python keywords. I toyed with the idea of having __div__ create a descriptor, assign it to a temporary attr, and access that. But then I realized that the children should never be directly assigned to anyways. I can live with one set of brackets at the end of the expression. __methods__ are delightfully evil :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyChecker lives, version 0.8.15 released
Neal Norwitz wrote:
Special thanks to Ken Pronovici. He did a lot of work for this
release and helped ensure it occurred.
Version 0.8.15 of PyChecker is available. It's been over a year since
the last release. Wow, time really does fly. Since it's been so long
I'm sure I screwed something up, treat it delicately. It may have bugs
and erase your hard drive. If that happens, look on the bright side,
you won't have any more bugs. :-)
PyChecker is a tool for finding bugs in Python source code.
It finds problems that are typically caught by a compiler for less
dynamic languages, like C and C++. It is similar to lint.
Comments, criticisms, new ideas, and other feedback is welcome.
Since I expect there may be a bit more bugs than normal, I will try to
put out another release in a few weeks. Please file bug reports
including problems with installation, false positives, c on Source Forge.
You are welcome to use the mailling list to discuss anything pychecker
related, including ideas for new checks.
Changes from 0.8.14 to 0.8.15:
* Fix spurious warning about catching string exceptions
* Don't barf if there is # -*- encoding: ... -*- lines and unicode strings
* setup.py was rewritten to honor --root, --home, etc options
* Fix internal error on processing nested scopes
* Fix constant tuples in Python 2.4
* Don't warn about implicit/explicit returns in Python 2.4, we can't tell
* Fix crash when __slots__ was an instance w/o __len__
* Fix bug that declared {}.pop to only take one argument, it takes 1 or 2
* Fix spurious warning when using tuples for exceptions
* Fix spurious warning stack / stack
* Fix spurious warnings for sets module about __cmp__, __hash__
* Changed abstract check to require raising NotImplementedError
rather than raising any error
* Fix spurious warnings in Python 2.4 for Using is (not) None warnings
* Fix spurious warnings for some instances of No class attribute found
* Fix spurious warnings for implicit returns when using nested functions
PyChecker is available on Source Forge:
Web page: http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/
Project page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pychecker/
Mailing List: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Neal
--
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Not to complain, as this is a very useful one-of-a-kind tool, but it
does appear to use more memory than I can imagine how when you run it on
a substantial program. Like a few kilobytes per line of code, maybe.
It's slow, too, but that's ok for the usefulness of it, but trying to
let it run and do something else with someone else's code bloat (like MS
Word or something) in another window leads to something
indistinguishable from system meltdown. Any reason for hope of future
improvements in this regard?
Al
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Digest MD5 authentication over using ZSI
Hi.
I am trying to get through to Microsoft MapPoint Services using ZSI for
soap handling. I can generate the service classes and also the
soap-requests generated by the service classes seem to be OK. The
problem I am facing is that I can't seem to authenticate myself. I have
made a small change to ZSI.client so that when I get a 401
Unauthorized response from the remote server I build up a nice
authorization request:
POST /Find-30/FindService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: findv3.staging.mappoint.net
Accept-Encoding: identity
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MS Web Services Client
Protocol 1.1.4322.573)
SOAPAction: http://s.mappoint.net/mappoint-30/FindAddress;
Authorization: Digest username=106288, realm=MapPoint,
nonce=91168da8e3a097f41264875211009a194b99a94ffe5bc619415820880a5b,
uri=/Find-30/FindService.asmx,
response=26aa9e36f9ff2a8308030810ab83dad1, qop=auth, nc=0001,
cnonce=623c12f33f0eb883
Content-length: 0
Expect: 100-continue
The problem is that the server won't authorize me. I have a C# .net
program that does exactly the same I'm trying in python, and it is
authorized nicely:
POST /Find-30/FindService.asmx HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MS Web Services Client
Protocol 1.1.4322.573)
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: http://s.mappoint.net/mappoint-30/FindAddress;
Authorization: Digest
username=106288,realm=MapPoint,nonce=487911f02ed2ef706326675211008a8ec39cfa4fb09304757c8dde417354,uri=/Find-30/FindService.asmx,cnonce=e1ed9880c5e3777a4ba280cec1c9e362,nc=0001,qop=auth,response=b4119a4db73814fd09ae5fec11fc9730
Content-Length: 523
Expect: 100-continue
Host: findv3.staging.mappoint.net
So I guess the problem is in the Digest calculation. Unfortunately I
don't know much about the issue but I have managed to steel this from
urllib2 and changed it a bit to fit my usage (see below).
1. Can I do this another way?
2. Has anybody made a digest MD5 authenticator for ZSI?
3. Whats wrong with my calculation or is it the header??
4. Can I use urllib2 to test the authentication part of a Soap Service.
- My authentication calculator
import md5
import sha
import re
import time
import random
import os.path
def randombytes(n):
Return n random bytes.
# Use /dev/urandom if it is available. Fall back to random module
# if not. It might be worthwhile to extend this function to use
# other platform-specific mechanisms for getting random bytes.
if os.path.exists(/dev/urandom):
f = open(/dev/urandom)
s = f.read(n)
f.close()
return s
else:
L = [chr(random.randrange(0, 256)) for i in range(n)]
return .join(L)
class Challenge:
def __init__(self,challenge):
self.params = {}
self.no_chal=0
if challenge.upper().find('WWW-Authenticate:'.upper())==-1:
self.no_chal=1
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*qop=(\w+)',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['qop'] = m.group(1)
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*realm=(\w+)',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['realm'] = m.group(1)
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*algorithm=(\w+)',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['algorithm'] = m.group(1)
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*nonce=(\w+)',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['nonce'] = m.group(1)
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*opaque=(\w+)',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['opaque'] = m.group(1)
rx =
re.compile('WWW-Authenticate:.*Digest.*',re.IGNORECASE|re.MULTILINE)
m = rx.search(challenge)
if m:
self.params['Digest'] = 1
def get(self,keyword,default=None):
if self.params.has_key(keyword):
return self.params[keyword]
else:
return default
def no_challenge(self):
return self.no_chal
class AbstractDigestAuthHandler:
# Digest authentication is specified in RFC 2617.
# XXX The client does not inspect the Authentication-Info header
# in a successful response.
# XXX It should be possible to test this implementation against
# a mock server that just generates a static set of challenges.
# XXX qop=auth-int supports is shaky
def __init__(self, user, passwd):
self.user = user
self.passwd = passwd
self.retried = 0
self.nonce_count = 0
def reset_retry_count(self):
self.retried = 0
def retry_http_digest_auth(self, req, auth):
token, challenge = auth.split(' ', 1)
chal = parse_keqv_list(parse_http_list(challenge))
auth = self.get_authorization(req, chal)
if auth:
auth_val = 'Digest %s' % auth
if req.headers.get(self.auth_header, None) == auth_val:
return None
Re: python logo
Fredrik Lundh wrote: Tim Churches wrote: PPS Emerson's assertion might well apply not just to Python logos, but also, ahem, to certain aspects of the Python standard library. you've read the python style guide, I presume? http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html A Foolish Consistency is the Hobgoblin of Little Minds. --often ascribed to Ralph Waldo Emerson but in fact due to[1] G. van Rossum and B Warsaw. [1] The convention that quotes are ascribed to those who first used them is, of course, a foolish consistency. Tim C -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Language Work Benches in Py
Hi, I recently read Martin Fowler's article on language workbenches and domain specific languages(http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/languageWorkbench.html). I then had the pleasure of reading Rainer Jowsig's implementation of the sample in Lisp(http://lispm.dyndns.org/news?ID=NEWS-2005-07-08-1). The lisp code was so sexy that I was inspired to write a sample in Python. I'm relatively new to coding in Python so I'd love any barbs, comments or criticisms about the code. You can find my article here : (http://billionairebusinessman.blogspot.com/2005/09/drop-that-schema-and-put-your-hands-in.html). I also made a screen cast of the same (http://openenterpriseafrica.com/neo/blogs/010905/dsl-in-python.wmv.bz2). Unfortunately, I had to make it using a windows machine so it's encoded as wmv. (If anyone finds it useful and is inspired to encode it in a more palatable format e.g. mov, I'd be honoured to create a torrent and host it) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sockets: code works locally but fails over LAN
Bryan; Look at how I corrected your the very first version (see added arguments in both functions). And now it really can handle multiple connections! import socket, thread sqls_host, sqls_port = '127.0.0.1', 1433 proxy_host, proxy_port = '127.0.0.1', 1434 # How I tested it: # sqls_host, sqls_port = 'www.google.com', 80 def VB_SCRIPT(s2, cn): while 1: data = cn.recv(4096) if not data: return s2.sendall(data) print 'VB_SCRIPT:' + data + '\n' def SQL_SERVER(s2, cn): while 1: data = s2.recv(4096) if not data: return cn.sendall(data) print 'SQL_SERVER:' + data + '\n' s1 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s1.bind((proxy_host, proxy_port)) s1.listen(5) while 1: cn, addr = s1.accept() s2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s2.connect((sqls_host, sqls_port)) thread.start_new_thread(VB_SCRIPT,(s2, cn)) thread.start_new_thread(SQL_SERVER,(s2, cn)) Without these corrections I got these error messages when I launched SIMULTANEOUSLY 3 instances of my.vbs: Unhandled exception in thread started by Unhandled exception in thread started by Traceback (most recent call last): Traceback (most recent call last): File D:\Python23\00\socket_Br10.py, line 18, in SQL_SERVER File D:\Python23\00\socket_Br10.py, line 13, in VB_SCRIPT data = s2.recv(4096) s2.sendall(data) socket File string, line 1, in sendall .socketerror.: error: (10054, 'Connection reset by peer') (10054, 'Connection reset by peer') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: descriptors for container items
Brock Filer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] I personally would first try to dump the quotes and use standard attributes -- countries.us.Colorado... -- and the __get/set/delattr__ methods. If I do that, the attributes (that was a stupid name for me to choose) and children would have to not share any names with each other, Since multiple objects can indeed have duplicate attribute names, and such duplication is rampant in Python, I am not sure what you mean. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: plotting with gnuplot.py
Still having some issues plotting:
In attempting as explained above:
import Gnuplot,Numeric
filename = ('Default.PL1')
data = scipy.io.array_import.read_array(filename)
y = data[:,1]
x = data[:,0]
z = data[:,2]
//I think u need to take the transpose of this column before
plotting..
x=Numeric.transpose(x)
y=Numeric.transpose(y)
g=Gnuplot.Gnuplot(debug=1)
d=Gnuplot.Data(x,y)
g('set logscale xy')
g.plot(d)
The file executes without generating any plot being displayed however
the debug option generates this output:
gnuplot set terminal windows
.
.
gnuplot plot 'c:\documen~1\leon\loca`l\temp\tmpuskt1' notitle
When I open this file in wordpad it contains the contents of the d
array.
Any ideas why gnuplot is not outputing to the screen??
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
os.system(rls) prints to screen??
does anyone know why the folllowing prints to the screen? # python import os os.system(rls) Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Add lists to class?
BBands [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Why don't you use a real list instead? I am using lists... I just showed the naming schema. Here is how they are implemented. for var in range(len(self.symbols)): setattr(self, _ + str(var), []) That's not the list he's talking about. And I agree with him. Why are you setting the attreibutes _ + str(var)? Why not just store them in a dictionary? I don't understand what self.__dict__[_ + str(var)] gets you. It let's me access lists that aren't known at write time. Yes, but it's ugly, makes one address space server for two different sets of variables, and has potential for some nasty bugs. Why not just do: self.lists[var] = [] Or, if you're really tied to _, do: self._[var] = [] Or, given that your example used increasing numeric names, just use a list here: self._.append([]) which you would then reference as self._[0], self._[1], etc. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Add lists to class?
Paolino [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Mike Meyer wrote: BBands [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I have a list with some strings in in it, 'one', 'two' 'three' and so on. I would like to add lists to a class with those names. I have no way of knowing what will be in the list or how long the list will be in advance. Others have told you how to do it. Now I'm going to tell you why you shouldn't. First, since you don't know the names of the attributes you added, you can't possibly write code that references them in the normal way. So is there really much point in making them an attribute at all? Second, since you don't know the names of the attributes you added, you don't know if one of more of them is going to clobber a feafure of the class that you want to use for something else. I.e., consider: class C: ... pass ... c = C() print c __main__.C instance at 0x8270b4c c.__str__ = 'foo' print c Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? TypeError: 'str' object is not callable I.e. - if someone adds a __str__ attribute to your class, you won't be able to print it any more. Not a good thing. In general, you probably want a dictionary instead of attributes: class C(dict): ... def __init__(self, l): ... for i in l: ...self[i] = [] ... c = C(['a', 'b', 'c']) c['a'] [] and 2c more to use attributes but prevent overriding of real attributes def __getattr__(self,name): if name in self: return self[name] raise AttributeError Good point. The problem with this is that your real attributes will now hide things stored in the dictionary. The bugs I listed above are all caused by trying to conflate two different name spaces: the attributes of the object and the variables stored in it as data. Separating them out and then layering one back on top of the other just gives you those bugs back. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.system(rls) prints to screen??
Xah Lee wrote: does anyone know why the folllowing prints to the screen? # python import os os.system(rls) os.system() starts a shell and has the shell execute the program as a separate process. If you want to get the output of the given program, then use the subprocess module. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Command config, quitting, binary, Timer
Hello, I have four things to ask or to suggest, sorry if they seem basic or already discussed. --- I am still ignorant about Tkinter. This little program, after pressing the Go eats more and more RAM, is it normal? Can it be avoided? (In normal programs this is isn't a real problem). ! import Tkinter ! def dogo(): ! while 1: ! b.config(command=lambda:None) ! root = Tkinter.Tk() ! b = Tkinter.Button(root, text=Go, command=dogo) ! b.pack() ! root.mainloop() Note: I have found this problem because in a small program I have a Start button that becomes a Stop, so the bound command must change each time. (Maybe there is some other solution, like hiding/unhiding the buttons, I don't know.) --- When I quit a Tkinter program (clicking the [X] button of the window) while it's running, it stops with something like this: TclError: invalid command name .9970192 There is a way to avoid it, or to intercept that quitting command to stop the program more gracefully? --- When I have to convert numbers to binary I use something like this (the management of negative numbers is removed). It's my faster Python version (derived by a Hettinger's version): ! from collections import deque ! def binary_conv(n): ! if n == 0: ! return 0 ! else: ! absn = abs(n) ! conv = [0, 1] ! result = deque() ! _app = result.appendleft ! while absn: ! _app( conv[absn 1] ) ! absn = 1 ! return int(.join(result)) But converting to binary is a quite common operation, so I think it can be added as a binary function to Python, for example adding b to the the conversion types of the % formatting. --- Sometimes I need something like the Timer of Java, it generates ticks and calls a function for each tick. The tick frequency can be set, or they can be stopped. In another Newsgroup someone has suggested me that the callLater of Twisted can solve my problem, but I think it's a quite common thing, so I think that maybe it can be added to the threading standard module. This is a rough Python version of mine (without comments), it's not a true Metronome because it counts the delay time after the end of the last function call. This class also seems fragile, sometimes it gives me problems, and I cannot use too much concurrent metronomes, etc. It's quite Maybe someone can suggest me how to improve it. ! from threading import Timer ! ! class Metronome(object): ! def __init__(self, interval, fun, *args, **kwargs): ! self.interval = interval # seconds. ! self.fun = fun ! self.args = args ! self.kwargs = kwargs ! self._running = False ! def _go(self): ! # Call the function with the stored values ! self.fun(*self.args, **self.kwargs) ! if self._running: ! self._call = Timer(self.interval, self._go) ! self._call.start() ! def start(self): ! if not self._running: ! self._running = True ! self._go() ! def stop(self): ! if self._running: ! self._call.cancel() ! self._running = False Thank you, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: global interpreter lock
Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: On Wed, 31 Aug 2005 22:44:06 -0400, Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: I don't know what Ada offers. Java gives you pseudo-monitors. I'm From the days of mil-std 1815, Ada has supported tasks which communicate via rendezvous... The receiving task waits on an accept statement (simplified -- there is a means to wait on multiple different accepts, and/or time-out). The sending task calls the entry (looks like a regular procedure call with in and/or out parameters -- matches the signature of the waiting accept). As with accept, there are selective entry calls, wherein which ever task is waiting on the matching accept will be invoked. During the rendezvous, the sending task blocks until the receiving task exits the accept block -- at which point both tasks may proceed concurrently. Thank you for providing the description. That was sufficient context that Google found the GNAT documentation, which was very detailed. Based on that, it seems that entry/accept are just a synchronization construct - with some RPC semantics thrown in. As you might notice -- data can go both ways: in at the top of the rendezvous, and out at the end. Tasks are created by declaring them (there are also task types, so one can easily create a slew of identical tasks). procedure xyz is a : task; -- not real Ada, again, simplified b : task; begin -- the tasks begin execution here -- do stuff in the procedure itself, maybe call task entries end; The problem is that this doesn't really provide any extra protection for the programmer. You get language facilities that will provide the protection, but the programmer has to remember to use them in every case. If you forget to declare a method as protected, then nothing stops two tasks from entering it and screwing up the objects data with unsynchronized access. This should be compared to SCOOP, where trying to do something like that is impossible. Thanks again, mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Command config, quitting, binary, Timer
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am still ignorant about Tkinter. This little program, after pressing the Go eats more and more RAM, is it normal? Can it be avoided? (In normal programs this is isn't a real problem). ! import Tkinter ! def dogo(): ! while 1: ! b.config(command=lambda:None) ! root = Tkinter.Tk() ! b = Tkinter.Button(root, text=Go, command=dogo) ! b.pack() ! root.mainloop() What did you expect to happen with the infinite loop inside dogo()? Wouldn't it call b.config() over and over again, never returning? Is that really what you wanted? -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.system(rls) prints to screen??
Xah Lee wrote: does anyone know why the folllowing prints to the screen? # python import os os.system(rls) Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] ∑ http://xahlee.org/ It only prints to the screen when standard output of the invoking process is the screen. The sub-process forked by os.system inherits stdin stdout and stderr from the invoking process. This is all pretty basic stuff. Perhaps you should stop your verbal assault on the computer science community and start to learn the principles of what you are doing. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Submitting doc bug reports without SF registration
Terry Reedy [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: 1. A DocImprovement wiki. People could optionally sign up for update reports on specific wiki pages. 2. A new SF tracker, only for doc bugs, that would accept anonymous submissions. The other trackers require login because most items need additional feedback from requestors. But reports like On page x.y.x, 'seperate' should be 'separate' do not require feedback unless the requestor wants the 'fixed, thank you' comment emailed. As an item reviewer, I prefer the second, but we are both curious as to the preference of potential no-login reporters. I think php.net's system works quite well and Python should do something similar if it's feasible. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
descriptors for container items
If I do that, the attributes (that was a stupid name for me to choose) and children would have to not share any names with each other, Since multiple objects can indeed have duplicate attribute names, and such duplication is rampant in Python, I am not sure what you mean. felons['@class'] = 'capital' felons['class'].do_something() felons.class - SyntaxError I thought I had my previous example down to: countries/'us'/'Colorado'/'Denver'['@population'] , but of course that tries to subscript a string with a string; which might be an interesting idiom for substring searching, as long as it never returned -1. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to do this?
Greetings Pythonistas.
Im looking for a way to write this but not sure where or how to begin.
As the user enters or removes characters into/from sEnt I would like
for set_info() to set infVar with the correct value. The same as how
IDLE shows the line and column in the lower right corner.
Code Example
from time import localtime
from Tkinter import *
def set_info():
x = len(strVar.get())
infVar.set('Length: %i' % (x))
ROOT = Tk()
strVar = StringVar()
infVar = StringVar()
sLab = Label(ROOT, text='String')
sLab.grid(row=0, column=0)
sEnt = Entry(ROOT, textvariable=strVar, width=15)
sEnt.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
qBut = Button(ROOT, text='Quit', command=ROOT.quit)
qBut.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=2, padx=2, sticky=E)
iLab = Label(ROOT, textvariable=infVar, width=21,
relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
iLab.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)
set_info() # example to show what will be displayed.
ROOT.mainloop()
End Example
Can anyone point me in the right direction for how to do this?
Regards,
Justin
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
gmail access
how do I access my new Gmail account [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Express yourself instantly with MSN Messenger! Download today - it's FREE! http://messenger.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200471ave/direct/01/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to do this?
Justin Straube wrote:
Greetings Pythonistas.
Im looking for a way to write this but not sure where or how to begin.
As the user enters or removes characters into/from sEnt I would like
for set_info() to set infVar with the correct value. The same as how
IDLE shows the line and column in the lower right corner.
First of all, it might have been better to provide a more meaningful
title like Update display as text entry changes, but not to worry -
this is a matter of experience.
Code Example
from time import localtime
from Tkinter import *
def set_info():
x = len(strVar.get())
infVar.set('Length: %i' % (x))
ROOT = Tk()
strVar = StringVar()
infVar = StringVar()
sLab = Label(ROOT, text='String')
sLab.grid(row=0, column=0)
sEnt = Entry(ROOT, textvariable=strVar, width=15)
sEnt.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
qBut = Button(ROOT, text='Quit', command=ROOT.quit)
qBut.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=2, padx=2, sticky=E)
iLab = Label(ROOT, textvariable=infVar, width=21,
relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
iLab.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)
set_info() # example to show what will be displayed.
ROOT.mainloop()
End Example
Can anyone point me in the right direction for how to do this?
The key here is to bind keystroke events to the routine to change the
display. The following program uses your set_info() function to update
the display every time a key is released (I chose this event because by
the time it is raised the keystroke has been processed by the Entry widget.
I don;t guarantee this code will work across several Entry widgets
without your keeping track of which one has focus when the event is
raised (it's late, and I'm about to turn in for the night), but at least
it will give you something to play with.
You'll note that set_info() has acquired an argument - Tkinter provides
an event as an argument when a callback is called. So the manual call
gets a bogus event of None just to avoid exceptions. Hope this gets
you started.
Code Example
from time import localtime
from Tkinter import *
def set_info(event):
x = len(strVar.get())
infVar.set('Length: %i' % (x))
ROOT = Tk()
strVar = StringVar()
infVar = StringVar()
sLab = Label(ROOT, text='String')
sLab.grid(row=0, column=0)
sEnt = Entry(ROOT, textvariable=strVar, width=15)
sEnt.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
sEnt.bind(KeyRelease, set_info)
qBut = Button(ROOT, text='Quit', command=ROOT.quit)
qBut.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=2, padx=2, sticky=E)
iLab = Label(ROOT, textvariable=infVar, width=21,
relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
iLab.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)
set_info(None) # example to show what will be displayed.
ROOT.mainloop()
End Example
regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ python-Feature Requests-1281053 ] non-sequence map() arguments for optimization
Feature Requests item #1281053, was opened at 2005-09-03 01:30 Message generated for change (Settings changed) made by birkenfeld You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1281053group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Python Library Group: None Status: Closed Resolution: Invalid Priority: 5 Submitted By: Ecnassianer of the Green Storm (ecnassianer) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: non-sequence map() arguments for optimization Initial Comment: I'm trying to optimize some code thats similiar to this: anObject = someConstructor() # This isn't a sequence myList = myListMaker() # This IS a sequence for items in myList: function(items, anObject) I'd like to be able to do this: map(function, myList, anObject) But the map function takes two lists, so I have to do somethign like this: list2 = [] for x in range(len(myList)): list2.append(anObject) map(function, myList, list2) But intializing list2 kind of defeats the purpose of optimization. I was looking for some way to convince anObject that it was really a list containing a lots of entries of itself, but couldn't find anything in the API. What I'd love to have is a version of the map function which takes a function, a sequence, and an object as arguments and calls the function with the first argument as an element in the sequence, and the second element as the object for as many times as their are items in the sequence. (Note: Currently the API says if you pass sequences of unequal lenghths to map, it uses None to fill up the rest of the calls) -- Comment By: Reinhold Birkenfeld (birkenfeld) Date: 2005-09-03 08:43 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=1188172 Use a list comprehension: [function(item, anObject) for item in myList] or, if you must use map, map(lambda item: function(item, anObject), myList) And please direct such questions to comp.lang.python in the future. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1281053group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Bugs-1281291 ] Erroneous \url command in python.sty
Bugs item #1281291, was opened at 2005-09-03 17:18 Message generated for change (Tracker Item Submitted) made by Item Submitter You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281291group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Documentation Group: None Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: Rory Yorke (ryorke) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: Erroneous \url command in python.sty Initial Comment: The \url and \ulink commands in texinputs/python.sty produce erroneous PDF files. This can be fairly easily tested using GhostScript (see the attached log file for an example). The current Python 2.4.1 PDF docs (as downloadable from www.python.org) have this error. Although the error does not prevent correct rendering in viewers such as gv, xpdf or acroread, the link is absent. The attached patch partially addresses this, by changing the arguments to the \pdfstart command used. The changes are taken straight from texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/hpdftex.def; that file has the following version header: %% File: hyperref.dtx Copyright 1995-2001 Sebastian Rahtz, %% RCS: $Id: hyperref.dtx 6.71 2000/10/04 rahtz Exp rahtz $ I don't pretend to understand the TeX code, but it does fix some of the problem. Some URLs, like http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?group_id=5470, are not linked to correctly. That particular URL becomes http://sourceforge.net/bugs/[EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED]@skip%20id=5470 -- I guess that has something to do with the underscore. The diff was generated relative to Python CVS head of 3 Sept 2005; the python.sty file had version 1.113. The python executable used was 2.4.1, not CVS. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281291group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Bugs-1281408 ] Py_BuildValue k format units don't work with big values
Bugs item #1281408, was opened at 2005-09-04 01:12 Message generated for change (Tracker Item Submitted) made by Item Submitter You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281408group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Python Interpreter Core Group: Python 2.4 Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: Adal Chiriliuc (adalx) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: Py_BuildValue k format units don't work with big values Initial Comment: Python 2.4 on Windows XP SP2 Consider this code: unsigned long x = 0xaabbccdd; PyObject* v = Py_BuildValue(k, x); unsigned long y = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(v); y will be equal with -1 because PyLong_AsUnsignedLong will raise an OverflowError since Py_BuildValue doesn't create a long for the k format unit, but an int which will be interpreted as a negative number. The K format seems to have the same error, PyLong_FromLongLong is used instead of PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong. The do_mkvalue function from mod_support.c must be fixed to use PyLong_FromUnsignedLong instead of PyInt_FromLong for k. Also, the BHLkK format units for Py_BuildValue should be documented. In my Python 2.4 manual they do not appear. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281408group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Bugs-1281383 ] array.arrays are not unpickleable
Bugs item #1281383, was opened at 2005-09-03 15:16
Message generated for change (Comment added) made by rhettinger
You can respond by visiting:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281383group_id=5470
Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread,
including the initial issue submission, for this request,
not just the latest update.
Category: Extension Modules
Group: Python 2.4
Status: Closed
Resolution: Invalid
Priority: 6
Submitted By: Reinhold Birkenfeld (birkenfeld)
Assigned to: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger)
Summary: array.arrays are not unpickleable
Initial Comment:
Credits to John Machin for discovering this.
Googling for pickle array in comp.lang.python yields
old messages that
show a PickleError -- plus one message where Alex
Martelli writes I am
but an egg :O)
Looks like arrays are NOW (2.4.1) pickleable but not
unpickleable -- see
below.
I appreciate that arrays are inherently not pickleable
because of the
type code.
However:
(1) Anyone know why/when the world changed?
(2) If we had alternative constructors like
array.iarray(contents) in
parallel to array.array('i', contents), those objects
could be
pickled/unpickled -- yes/no?
Cheers,
John
Python 2.4.1 (#65, Mar 30 2005, 09:13:57) [MSC v.1310
32 bit (Intel)] on
win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for
more information.
import pickle, array
class Foo(object):
...pass
...
foo = Foo()
foo.ia = array.array('i', [3,2,1])
foo.ia
array('i', [3, 2, 1])
s = pickle.dumps(foo, -1)
bar = pickle.loads(s)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File C:\Python24\lib\pickle.py, line 1394, in loads
return Unpickler(file).load()
File C:\Python24\lib\pickle.py, line 872, in load
dispatch[key](self)
File C:\Python24\lib\pickle.py, line 1097, in
load_newobj
obj = cls.__new__(cls, *args)
TypeError: array() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)
===
--
Comment By: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger)
Date: 2005-09-03 18:20
Message:
Logged In: YES
user_id=80475
In Py2.4, array's became copyable, weak-referencable, and
got support for iterator arguments. Real pickle support
wasn't added until Py2.5. The above code fragment is a
by-product of pickle making an incorrect guess at how to
pickle arrays before real pickel support was added. It is
not really a bug; rather, it begs for a feature that wasn't
added to later.
If it weren't a new feature, I would just backport the 2.5
pickle support.
--
You can respond by visiting:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1281383group_id=5470
___
Python-bugs-list mailing list
Unsubscribe:
http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Bugs-687747 ] _iscommand() in webbrowser module
Bugs item #687747, was opened at 2003-02-17 07:17 Message generated for change (Comment added) made by ekid You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=687747group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Python Library Group: Python 2.3 Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: Matthew Cowles (mdcowles) Assigned to: Fred L. Drake, Jr. (fdrake) Summary: _iscommand() in webbrowser module Initial Comment: [From a post to python-help] Under KDE under Mandrake Linux the BROWSER environment variable is set to kfmclient openProfile webbrowsing The problem is that _iscommand() in the webbrowser module doesn't realize that only the first thing there is the name of the executable. It looks for an executable with that whole thing as its name and doesn't find one. Since the module doesn't use any browser it has found if BROWSER is set, it raises an error rather than opening the page. The possible fixes that are obvious to me all have potential disadvantages: One solution would be to assume that the name of the executable ran only up to the first space. But executables can have spaces in their names, especially on a Macintosh, I think. Another possibility would be not to call _iscommand() on anything in BROWSER. That would have the additional advantage of not requiring that the executable specified there be in a directory that's in the user's PATH. The problem with doing things this way is that it would be impossible to tell which of the browsers specified in BROWSER should be used until the user called open(). I'm prepared to work on a fix if given some guidance about the best way to go. -- Comment By: Dmitry Vukolov (ekid) Date: 2005-09-04 04:36 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=1000960 The problem still exists in Python 2.4.1 -- Comment By: Facundo Batista (facundobatista) Date: 2005-05-30 23:37 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=752496 richard seems to reproduced it on Py2.3, changing the group to it. -- Comment By: Richard Jones (richard) Date: 2005-01-17 01:01 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=6405 This is still an issue. python -c 'import webbrowser;webbrowser.open(http://www.google.com/;)' on a system using KDE will exhibit the break. I posted a patch to fix the behaviour in my last message. I just noticed that I invoked diff the wrong way around (though the explanation still stands) - a correct invocation: --- /tmp/webbrowser.py 2005-01-17 08:59:50.697657208 +1100 +++ /usr/lib/python2.3/webbrowser.py2005-01-17 08:59:58.269989095 +1100 @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ if BROWSER in os.environ: # It's the user's responsibility to register handlers for any unknown # browser referenced by this value, before calling open(). -_tryorder = os.environ[BROWSER].split(os.pathsep) +_tryorder[0:0] = os.environ[BROWSER].split(os.pathsep) for cmd in _tryorder: if not cmd.lower() in _browsers: -- Comment By: Facundo Batista (facundobatista) Date: 2005-01-15 15:26 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=752496 Please, could you verify if this problem persists in Python 2.3.4 or 2.4? If yes, in which version? Can you provide a test case? If the problem is solved, from which version? Note that if you fail to answer in one month, I'll close this bug as Won't fix. Thank you! .Facundo -- Comment By: Richard Jones (richard) Date: 2003-08-20 04:29 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=6405 This is still an issue... has there been any movement on it outside of this bug report? I'm seeing the behaviour on Mandrake 9.1, KDE 3.1.3 that the module is finding the BROWSER env var as described above, and thus not finding a usable browser. As a fallback, the _tryorder shouldn't be *replaced* by BROWSER, but just prepended with its value. Sure, that means that the KDE BROWSER value will be ignored, but it'll still find konqueror. This approach works for me, and I'm sure it'll work for others who have quot;validquot; BROWSER values :) Simple patch against python2.3 (sorry, sf will mangle this, but it's short): --- webbrowser.py 2003-08-20 10:28:07.0 +1000 +++ /usr/lib/python2.3/webbrowser.py2003-08-04 10:18:17.0 +1000 @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ if quot;BROWSERquot; in os.environ: # It's the user's responsibility to register handlers for any unknown # browser referenced by this value, before calling open(). -_tryorder[0:0] = os.environ[quot;BROWSERquot;].split(os.pathsep) +
