RE: Writting to file from file and printing using python
Hi,I have a task to write a program that will do the following.1. Run from the command line2. Get data from a text file (say data.txt) in the following format 111: peter edward [EMAIL PROTECTED] 112: John sykes[EMAIL PROTECTED] 113: edward mutaga [EMAIL PROTECTED]3. Write that data in a prepared word document (which is essentially a letter)4. Print the letters for the listed people (111,112,113) on a printer.The program has to be called like this c:/program/callprogram inputfile.txt c:/program/data/outputfile.docSomeone has done this in VB.Net but I would like to do it in python.Can someone advice on the best way to start.atanas atanas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
War chest for writing web apps in Python?
Hello I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
cygwin http://www.cygwin.com/ try a few IDEs out to see which fits you best. IDLE ships with python, and isn't significantly objectively worse than any other python IDE, afaik. GUI designers aren't necessary because there's usually so little boilerplate code in any python toolkit, but, again, whatever works best for you. [wait, will you be running a GUI on a webhost?] if you haven't selected a web framework, may i steer you towards cherrypy? it stays out of your way more than any other web framework i've tried. and i'm using it now to build a databased web-app for my college. http://www.cherrypy.org/ Vincent Delporte wrote: Hello I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: a print bug?
Steve Holden wrote: You obviously haven't yet passed your floating-point number proficiency test yet. Please restrict yourself to integers until you understand the difficulties that inaccuracies in floating-point can create ;-) hm, actually, i understand the limitation of floating point. but my real concern is, how come print favors one version over the other... the first version will favor the correct rounding, while the second doesn't favor it. to me, this is biased computing i will feel happier if the behavior is consistent. (such as the first line printing out as 1.23449) . if most people favor the behavior of line 1, that is, silently rounding off to about the 11th decimal places, then why doesn't printing with formatting also use that same behavior, which is rounding off to the 11th places first, and then round off to whatever the user wants. print 1.2345 1.2345 print %10.3f % 1.2345 1.234 but then again, i just realize even if i do a round(1.2344999, 6) 1.2344 so even if you round it off, it is still represented the same way still, how print handles 1.2345 and treating it and printing it as 1.2345, i wonder why we don't make the print with formatting the same behavior, treating it as 1.2345 first and round it off to 1.235 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], OriginalBrownster wrote: I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework to use python to power my application. […] my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they want to save that file?. Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory. So that's not your business. After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that archive to the user. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nested function scope problem
Gerhard Fiedler a écrit : On 2006-07-27 17:10:55, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? You *don't* write to a non-mutable object. You rebind the name to another object (mutable or not, that's not the problem). Ok, sloppy writing (sloppy thinking, or probably incomplete understanding :) on my part. Let me rephrase the three original questions: Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? Are there situations where binding happens without writing to a variable? Are there write accesses to non-mutable objects where the name is not on the LHS? Rephrased as: Isn't being on the LHS (of an assignment) the only way to (re)bind a variable? pedantic s/variable/name/ /pedantic Are there situations where binding happens without an explicit assignment with the variable name being on the LHS? Assignment aside, binding occurs: 1/ on evaluation of import, class and def statement see Dennis answer for an example with import. Here are examples with def and class: a Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'a' is not defined a = [] a [] id(a) 1078043820 def a(): pass ... a function a at 0x404162cc id(a) 1078026956 class a: pass ... a class __main__.a at 0x4040dadc id(a) 1077992156 2/ on function call for the function's arguments This second case won't obviously *re*bind existing names in the function's namespace, nor in the caller namespace, so we don't care here. 3/ as a result of a list comp or for loop: a Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'a' is not defined for a in range(3): pass ... a 2 b Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'b' is not defined [b for b in range(3)] [0, 1, 2] b 2 AFAICT and IIRC, this should cover most cases - please someone correct me if I forgot something here... Can the object referenced by a variable name get changed without the variable name appearing on the LHS? a = [] id(a) 1078043820 def change(l): ... l.append(42) ... change(a) a [42] id(a) 1078043820 First assignment aside, the *name* 'a' is never on the LHS of an assignment, yet the object referenced by name 'a' got 'changed' : it was initially empty, after call to change() it contains an int. Yes, I know, this is not what you meant (and no, name 'a' has not been rebound) - but that's really what you asked : the object referenced by name 'a' got changed without name 'a' being on the LHS !-) Hence the emphasis on the difference between mutating (modifying/changing/...) an object and rebinding a name... I think your intented question was more like : can a name be rebound without that name being on the LHS of an assignment, and it's addressed above (I hope I got this right now... Almost !-) asking the correct questions is not so easy sometimes :) Indeed !-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Steve Jobless wrote: Sybren Stuvel wrote: Steve Jobless enlightened us with: The first case can be just a typo, like: x.valeu = 5 I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message would be unreadable :). Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without errors can be trained. I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks like this? (No, not really. But...) There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're caught almost immediatly. I hope you are right. But I have yet to see the proof. Just empirical arguments. The second case can be like: x.next = y y.next = None to create a linked list by piggybacking next to the class. It will overwrite the iterater for the class if defined. You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for everything in life. Well, the choice of next was not a good example. Sure, no one with decent Python knowledge would do that. But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask Is anyone using name xxx? assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject) The class may be used by developers I don't even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet... How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given app doesn't impact the source code. Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it. Even if they do, just updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's their fault. It's not a good idea to call them idiots. This may be an extreme case, but it could happen within a single organization. You may be in the framework group supporting several application groups. If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work with. Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head. People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing. I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss... If your boss is a bad programmer and doesn't know it, then you're in for trouble whatever the language. Maybe I should ask the question in a different way: What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class. But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes or over-ride functions. Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and maintaining your own branch. IMHO Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not) know how it does (implementation). This is important because the class implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking users' code as long as the interface is compatible. (This is why most, if not all, instance variables should be private. You can use __getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of the base class. You better not mess with it from the outside because updating the class can break your code. Unfortunately, I don't see a way to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside. Python has some good features. The memory management using reference counting with garbage collection is very attractive. It can even do delegation! Unfortunately, it seems to be taking unnecessary risk. I was hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety, but I don't hear much. It looks pretty good as long as it is used by a small group, especially for a small project. (Or Python is meant just for such projects?) But I don't feel comfortable enough for a large project that involves multiple groups including 3rd parties in a long duration. I just wish those features would be removed or at least made optional. /IMHO Have a good weekend,
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Chaos wrote: Simon Forman wrote: Chaos wrote: As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used for thisY in range(0, thisHeight): for thisX in range(0, thisWidth): #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in compiling my files. You could try the PIL package. From the docs at http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm Image.eval(function, image) = image Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other generators. HTH, ~Simon I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255. It says the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so if it's only calling the function 250 or 255 times it's because your image only has 250 or 255 colors. Obviously Image.eval() caches the results of your function for each color/pixel-value and reuses them rather than recomputing them. I take it that whatever you're doing to those pixels involves more information than just the pixel values? What are you doing to the pixels? That's probably wher you should look to improve the speed of the loop. Peace, ~Simon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] Wrote: | On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:48:37 -0400, Jean-Paul Calderone | [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: | | | If a thread never performs any I/O operations, signal handlers will still | get invokes on the arrival of a signal. | | I thought I'd qualified that scenario -- from the point of view of | one OS I've programmed, where signals were only handled as part of the | I/O system (or, in more general, as part of any /blocking/ system call | from an application -- not even a ctrl-c would have an effect unless | the application invoked a blocking call, or explicitly polled the signal | bits of its task header) | -- I have to support this - a processor is only doing one instruction at a time, if its not a multi core device - and the only ways that the operating system part of the system can get control back from the *user program part* of the system are: a) when the User makes an OS call (like blocking I/O, or any OS request) b) when the user code is interrupted by some hardware thingy and the OS part handles the interrupt. So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an idiot writes something to the following effect : *instructions to disable interrupts* followed by : *instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls* the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine... Dennis - did your OS not have a ticker running? - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Threads vs Processes
Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] Wrote: | On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:17:56 -0700, Carl J. Van Arsdall | [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: | | Ah, alright, I think I understand, so threading works well for sharing | python objects. Would a scenario for this be something like a a job | queue (say Queue.Queue) for example. This is a situation in which each | process/thread needs access to the Queue to get the next task it must | work on. Does that sound right? Would the same apply to multiple | threads needed access to a dictionary? list? | | Python's Queue module is only (to my knowledge) an internal | (thread-shared) communication channel; you'd need something else to work | IPC -- VMS mailboxes, for example (more general than UNIX pipes with | their single reader/writer concept) | | shared memory mean something more low-level like some bits that don't | necessarily mean anything to python but might mean something to your | application? | | Most OSs support creation and allocation of memory blocks with an | attached name; this allows multiple processes to map that block of | memory into their address space. The contents of said memory block is | totally up to application agreements (won't work well with Python native | objects). | | mmap() | | is one such system. By rough description, it maps a disk file into a | block of memory, so the OS handles loading the data (instead of, say, | file.seek(somewhere_long) followed by file.read(some_data_type) you | treat the mapped memory as an array and use x = mapped[somewhere_long]; | if somewhere_long is not yet in memory, the OS will page swap that part | of the file into place). The file can be shared, so different | processes can map the same file, and thereby, the same memory contents. | | This can be useful, for example, with multiple identical processes | feeding status telemetry. Each process is started with some ID, and the | ID determines which section of mapped memory it is to store its status | into. The controller program can just do a loop over all the mapped | memory, updating a display with whatever is current -- doesn't matter if | process_N manages to update a field twice while the monitor is | scanning... The display always shows the data that was current at the | time of the scan. | | Carried further -- special memory cards can (at least they were | where I work) be obtained. These cards have fiber-optic connections. In | a closely distributed system, each computer has one of these cards, and | the fiber-optics link them in a cycle. Each process (on each computer) | maps the memory of the card -- the cards then have logic to relay all | memory changes, via fiber, to the next card in the link... Thus, all the | closely linked computers share this block of memory. This is nice to share inputs from the real world - but there are some hairy issues if it is to be used for general purpose consumption - unless there are hardware restrictions to stop machines stomping on each other's memories - i.e. the machines have to be *polite* and *well behaved* - or you can easily have a major smash... A structure has to agreed on, and respected... - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
like this? (No, not really. But...)
There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
caught almost immediatly.
Actually Bruno, don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
Python comes at the expense of security is simply due to the fact
that the syntax of screw up is exactly the same as the syntax of I
mean it this way and I do want it?
Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say I really want
this, it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and
a conscious decision). So going back to the original example, you won't
be able to say:
x.func = 789 and destroy the function func--Python will raise an error.
Instead you have to type a different syntax to tell Python that yes, I
do want to overwrite a function with 789.
Dunno, just throwing out ideas here :)
Cheers
Ray
snip
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
--
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Re: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
placid wrote: Hi all, I have been looking into non-blocking read (readline) operations on PIPES on windows XP and there seems to be no way of doing this. Ive read that you could use a Thread to read from the pipe, but if you still use readline() wouldnt the Thread block too? Yes it will, but that's ok. In this case that's what it's for. While the thread waits for the readline(), the rest of your program continues to carry on. What i need to do is, create a process using subprocess.Popen, where the subprocess outputs information on one line (but the info continuesly changes and its always on the same line) and read this information without blocking, so i can retrieve other data from the line i read in then put this in a GUI interface. readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its not constant so i cant use this too. Any ideas of solving this problem? Cheers -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: | Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64, and | 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying: | | def darkness(img,x,y): | return (RedVal(img,x,y) 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) 6) + | (BlueVal(img,x,y) 3) | | | -- Paul *grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift, save a copy, shift twice more and add the copy... - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using names before they're defined
[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
Hiya, you might be interested in this alternative config parsing
program:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html
Yes, I know it. But I don't like it. Either a simple ini file do the
trick, or I need a full blown app-specific DSL - which can be as simple
as a Python file with dicts, lists, etc !-)
What do you mean? I don't really understand.
It's not a criticism of configobj - which is a quite nice package -,
it's just a matter of personal tastes (I don't like configobj's
[[[some-nested-sub-sub-section]]] syntax) and specific needs.
Most of the time, I don't need nothing more than a plain ini file - and
in this case, I prefer to use configparser because it's in the standard
lib (so I avoid a dependency on a 3rd part package).
When an ini file won't do, it's usually because what the app need is
really complex and specific enough to justify a domain specific language.
And sometimes, this DSL can be expressed with Python's syntax, like for
example:
schema = {'turbine1': {'class': 'Turbine',
'upstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
'downstream' : () # nothing,
},
'frobnicator2' : {'class' : 'Frobnicator',
'upstream' : (),
'downstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
},
}
FWIW, the package's end user is not even supposed to know this is in
fact Python code !-)
FWIW, JSON can be a good candidate for this kind of stuff too.
--
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Re: SocketServer and timers
alf wrote: Hi, I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are: -how to stop serve_forever -how to implement timers thx, alf Do you really need a timer, or do you just want to check something every second or so? If the latter, then something like this would do it: from time import time INTERVAL = 1.0 RUN = True while RUN: # Get a time in the future. T = time() + INTERVAL # Serve requests until then. while time() T: server.handle_request() # Check whatever. if check(): # Do something, for example, stop running. RUN = False HTH, ~Simon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: locked file
Kirt wrote: By locked files i mean Outlook PST file while Outlook has it open Simon Forman wrote: Kirt wrote: i have a code that backsup file from src to dest. Now if some of the files are locked , i need to skip those files.. I was trying to use fctl module but it can be used only in unix i suppose. is there anyother way? i am using windows os. What does locked mean in this case? No read permissions? In use by another program? I haven't used windows in a long time, and I wasn't aware that one could lock files in it. Peace, ~Simon So what happens when you try to back that up while outlook is messing with it? What are you doing to back it up? Copying? If all you want to do is skip it... can't you try to copy it and then when that doesn't work just skip it? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
H J van Rooyen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an idiot writes something to the following effect : *instructions to disable interrupts* followed by : *instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls* the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine... A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer, which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every so often (e.g. by writing to some register). If too long an interval goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu. Normally the software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine. A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running, eventually resulting in a reset. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Simon Forman wrote: Chaos wrote: Simon Forman wrote: Chaos wrote: As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used for thisY in range(0, thisHeight): for thisX in range(0, thisWidth): #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in compiling my files. You could try the PIL package. From the docs at http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm Image.eval(function, image) = image Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other generators. HTH, ~Simon I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255. It says the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so if it's only calling the function 250 or 255 times it's because your image only has 250 or 255 colors. Obviously Image.eval() caches the results of your function for each color/pixel-value and reuses them rather than recomputing them. I take it that whatever you're doing to those pixels involves more information than just the pixel values? What are you doing to the pixels? That's probably wher you should look to improve the speed of the loop. Peace, ~Simon Oops, sorry. I didn't see where you had already posted the actions you're taking on the pixels.. He is the code #Actions here myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 * image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY)) if myCol darkestCol: darkestCol = myCol possX = thisX possY = thisY Hmm, if you're just trying to find the darkest color and one of it's pixel coordinates after applying your weighting calculation, and you don't mind if the coordinates are of the first encountered pixel of that color, then I think you might be able to use Image.eval() after all. What format are the images in? Peace, ~Simon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Steve Jobless wrote: Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Steve Jobless wrote: But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask Is anyone using name xxx? assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject) The class may be used by developers I don't even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet... How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given app doesn't impact the source code. Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it. Even if they do, just updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's their fault. But if they mess with the objects of your library I expect them to check first if this is the cause of the failures. They hopefully *know* where they crossed the line into my implementation. Because adding a method to a foreign class is semantically the same as writing it directly into the source code of that library. This should be done only when it's really needed and it should be documented. Just because it's possible doesn't mean it's the way to solve most problems that may be better solved by inheritance. Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and maintaining your own branch. IMHO Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not) know how it does (implementation). This is important because the class implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking users' code as long as the interface is compatible. (This is why most, if not all, instance variables should be private. You can use __getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of the base class. You better not mess with it from the outside because updating the class can break your code. Unfortunately, I don't see a way to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside. It makes a difference. If you subclass the chances that your modification breaks if the implementation of the library class changes is much lower. Pythonistas expect a programmer to know this and act accordingly. Separating interface and implementation is done by naming conventions in Python. If a name starts with an underscore it's not part of the API. I was hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety, but I don't hear much. It looks pretty good as long as it is used by a small group, especially for a small project. (Or Python is meant just for such projects?) Please prove that the safety is sacrificed to the extent that you fear. This if you don't have `private`, everything starts to fall apart and explodes right in your face if the project starts to get bigger arguments aren't backed by empirical data either but often seems to be just learned by heart in Java and C++ courses. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Py2exe for packaging installers?
Hi all, I am trying to find out what tools (platform-independent if possible) that I can use to package a goup (few) of installers to become an exe application. I have heard of Py2exe but have not use it before. Could it be used to wrap different installers (for example Python and Leo, python-based application) together? Does the installers have to be python-based to be able to use Py2exe? Are there any other alternatives? Many thanks in advance for your advice regards Casey Wong -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: a print bug?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] schreef: Steve Holden wrote: You obviously haven't yet passed your floating-point number proficiency test yet. Please restrict yourself to integers until you understand the difficulties that inaccuracies in floating-point can create ;-) hm, actually, i understand the limitation of floating point. but my real concern is, how come print favors one version over the other... the first version will favor the correct rounding, while the second doesn't favor it. to me, this is biased computing i will feel happier if the behavior is consistent. (such as the first line printing out as 1.23449) . if most people favor the behavior of line 1, that is, silently rounding off to about the 11th decimal places, then why doesn't printing with formatting also use that same behavior, which is rounding off to the 11th places first, and then round off to whatever the user wants. print 1.2345 1.2345 print %10.3f % 1.2345 1.234 but then again, i just realize even if i do a round(1.2344999, 6) 1.2344 so even if you round it off, it is still represented the same way still, how print handles 1.2345 and treating it and printing it as 1.2345, i wonder why we don't make the print with formatting the same behavior, treating it as 1.2345 first and round it off to 1.235 You do realize that your formatting uses less decimal places than the print statement, do you? print 1.2345 1.2345 print %0.3f % 1.2345 1.234 print %0.4f % 1.2345 1.2345 If you use 4 decimals after the decimal sign, you get the same result as with a plain print statement (at least in this case). That means that print is not treating it as 1.2345 first and then rounding it off to 1.235; it is just using the actual internal representation and rounding it off to 1.2345. Which IMO is the only sensible thing one can do. -- If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants. -- Isaac Newton Roel Schroeven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and python. I get the following error when trying to view the start page after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107). 10107 is A system call that should never fail has failed...which isn't very helpful. Any ideas what the problem may be? Thanks, Ralph CGI Error The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are: Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi, line 40, in ? from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI File C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py, line 10, in ? import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO File C:\Python\lib\cgi.py, line 39, in ? import urllib File C:\Python\lib\urllib.py, line 26, in ? import socket File C:\Python\lib\socket.py, line 44, in ? import _socket ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Py2exe for packaging installers?
K.S.Wong wrote: Hi all, I am trying to find out what tools (platform-independent if possible) that I can use to package a goup (few) of installers to become an exe application. I have heard of Py2exe but have not use it before. Could it be used to wrap different installers (for example Python and Leo, python-based application) together? Does the installers have to be python-based to be able to use Py2exe? Are there any other alternatives? Many thanks in advance for your advice regards Casey Wong Hi Casey Wong, If you download py2exe, you'll find a number of examples of how to use py2exe to create installers using InnoSetup. On the wiki, you'll also find examples of how to do this -- even with pygtk applications. However, it's not platform independant -- it'll be for windows only. Cheers, --Tim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Connecting to internet under proxy
I don't know where is the problem, but I tried the same that you put and it failed. I tested it under cygwin, a cmd, linux with 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 python version. I think taht the problem is my corporate proxy. In this sentences we use always a http proxy, but perhaps is not the suitable kind of proxy. :-( I don't know, it is only an idea, 'cause in my other programs I always use an http proxy and it work properly. thank's for all. Chema. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: a print bug?
wrote: Duncan Booth wrote: But you wouldn't complain about this would you? print %10.4f % 1.23445 1.2345 print %10.3f % 1.23445 1.234 A value which is slightly than 1.2345 prints to 4 decimal places as 1.2345 and to 3 decimal places as 1.234. That's all that happens with your value as well: 1.2345 is not exactly representable as a floating point number, and the nearest representable number is less than 1.2345. This is the expected behavior though... even school when they first teach rounding off, they will tell you 1.23445 rounding off to 3 decimal places is not 1.235 and i don't see anything weird about the two lines above. At least where I went to school they taught that the correct rounding was to the even digit, so 1.2335 and 1.2345 would both round to 1.234. However, that is irrelevant. The number in question here is 1.2344 and however you were taught to round numbers that ought to round to 1.234 for 3 decimals, and 1.2345 for 4. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to find difference in years between two dates?
thebjorn wrote:
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
Which conversion ? How do you get the data ? as a datetime object ? as a
(y,m,d) tuple ? as a y-m-d string ? Else ?
All input routines, whether they're from a web-form, database, command
line, or anywhere else, only produce objects from the datetime module
for calendar data.
Seems quite sensible.
That way the program logic doesn't have to guess
which format it's getting... I suppose I could do something like:
def age(born):
mx_born = mx.DateTime.Date(born.year, born.month, born.day)
...
Yes, I was thinking of something like this.
-- bjorn
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Roman Susi wrote: Ben Sizer wrote: The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;) Is it a bad thing? I don't know. I suppose that depends on how you define 'bad'! For me, it is often inconvenient, because I'd prefer to use Python but generally find that I have to choose something else if I want to do the best possible for any particular project. In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, and web development support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI doesn't suffice, that is. In the original poster's case, it's seemingly because specific database support seems to be lacking. Improving the libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity of Python's potential applications rather than diminish it. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
H J van Rooyen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: | Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64, and | 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying: | | def darkness(img,x,y): | return (RedVal(img,x,y) 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) 6) + | (BlueVal(img,x,y) 3) | | | -- Paul *grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift, save a copy, shift twice more and add the copy... - Hendrik Sadly, my timeit results show this saves only a little time, and shift-copy-shiftsomemore-and-add is even slower then just doing the original floating point multiply. The biggest win is in prelookup of Image.GetXXX functions. -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Py2exe for packaging installers?
However, it's not platform independant -- it'll be for windows only. Yeah, u'll have to use py2exe similars for mac (should be py2app, if i remember right). py2exe is a Python distutils extension which converts python scripts into executable windows programs cheers Fabio -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
For IDEs i recommend Wing IDE (its really good but comercial.. :( ), pydev for eclipse and also SPE. For GUI designer... it depends of wich kind of app u'll develop. For web apps try cherrypy.. it's wonderfull and simple... U can also try zope and plone (the they are less simple) cheers Fabio Vincent Delporte wrote: Hello I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Writting to file from file and printing using python
On 7/28/06, atanas Cosmas Nkelame [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I have a task to write a program that will do the following. 1. Run from the command line Check out the optparse module for this. http://docs.python.org/lib/module-optparse.html 2. Get data from a text file (say data.txt) in the following format 111: peter edward [EMAIL PROTECTED] 112: John sykes[EMAIL PROTECTED] 113: edwardmutaga [EMAIL PROTECTED] Read the text file as normal, and use split to seperate the fields. http://tinyurl.com/8w8vo http://docs.python.org/lib/string-methods.html 3. Write that data in a prepared word document (which is essentially a letter) 4. Print the letters for the listed people (111,112,113) on a printer. Word can be driven via COM, so this should be easy enough. See http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/279003 for a simple example. To find out what you'll need to do, the simplest thing might be to record a Word macro, and look at the VBA code that it generates for you. You can convert this to Python and generalise the bits you need to. There, that's a starting point. Let us know what you come up with! Give us a shout if you have any problems. -- Cheers, Simon B, [EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and python. I get the following error when trying to view the start page after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107). 10107 is A system call that should never fail has failed...which isn't very helpful. Any ideas what the problem may be? Thanks, Ralph CGI Error The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are: Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi, line 40, in ? from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI File C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py, line 10, in ? import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO File C:\Python\lib\cgi.py, line 39, in ? import urllib File C:\Python\lib\urllib.py, line 26, in ? import socket File C:\Python\lib\socket.py, line 44, in ? import _socket ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107 I'm not sure if that helps but check if you have multiple winsock.dll files on the machine. Maybe in the system path you have some old winsock.dll. regards, Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Ray wrote: Actually Bruno, don't you think that the notion of flexibility in Python comes at the expense of security is simply due to the fact that the syntax of screw up is exactly the same as the syntax of I mean it this way and I do want it? Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say I really want this, it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and a conscious decision). Surely the very nature of a typo is that you don't know at the time of typing that you've done the wrong thing. Therefore it's impossible to signal to Python that you don't want what you've actually typed! The only way statically-typed languages prevent these errors is typically by prohibiting the operation entirely. Since Python doesn't want to do that, you can't effectively prevent this type of error. Luckily, I find that they don't actually arise in practice, and I've spent orders of magnitude more time in C++ having to coerce objects from one type to another to comply with the static typing than I probably ever will spend debugging Python programs where a typo caused an error of this type. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Ben Sizer wrote: Ray wrote: Actually Bruno, don't you think that the notion of flexibility in Python comes at the expense of security is simply due to the fact that the syntax of screw up is exactly the same as the syntax of I mean it this way and I do want it? Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say I really want this, it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and a conscious decision). Surely the very nature of a typo is that you don't know at the time of typing that you've done the wrong thing. Therefore it's impossible to signal to Python that you don't want what you've actually typed! Exactly! So what I'm saying is that if the syntax of rebinding a method *has* to be different then assignment, maybe it'll catch typos more often. (Of course if you STILL make a typo error while using a different syntax...) The only way statically-typed languages prevent these errors is typically by prohibiting the operation entirely. Since Python doesn't want to do that, you can't effectively prevent this type of error. Luckily, I find that they don't actually arise in practice, and I've spent orders of magnitude more time in C++ having to coerce objects from one type to another to comply with the static typing than I probably ever will spend debugging Python programs where a typo caused an error of this type. Yeah, I fully agree. Even Java is heaven compared to C++. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
Paul Rubin wrote: Paul Boddie [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be addressed. Actually I don't understand the need for SSH. This is traffic over a LAN, right? Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted? That's unusual; SSH is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the local network is usually trusted. Hopefully it's not wireless. I don't run any wireless networks, but given the apparently poor state of wireless network security (as far as the actual implemented standards in commercially available products are concerned), I'd want to be using as much encryption as possible if I did. Anyway, the py.execnet thing is presumably designed to work over the Internet and over local networks, with the benefit of SSH being that it applies well to both domains. Whether it's a better solution for the questioner's problem than established alternatives such as PVM (which I've never had the need to look into, even though it seems interesting), various distributed schedulers or anything else out there, I can't really say. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Ben Sizer wrote: In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones have you tried and why are they insufficient? and web development support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI doesn't suffice, that is. Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring, but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels. In the original poster's case, it's seemingly because specific database support seems to be lacking. Improving the libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity of Python's potential applications rather than diminish it. Last time I checked, which was admittedly a long time after I actually needed the modules concerned, support for Oracle with Python was actually pretty good. I suppose it's a case of the Django people getting round to gluing the Oracle modules to their object-relational mapper and making sure that it all still works, and perhaps some motivated member of the Django community can step forward and do the work to get it going. Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the two technologies together. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Steve Jobless kirjoitti:
Let's say the class is defined as:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self):
pass
def func(self):
return 123
But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
x = MyClass()
x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
or even:
x.func = 789
After x.func = 789, the function is totally shot.
You can avoid the problem by using the __slots__ definition and
new-style classes (inherit from object):
class MyClass(object):
__slots__ = ('bar',)
def func(self):
return 123
x = MyClass()
x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
==
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute
'instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class'
x.func = 789
==
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object attribute 'func' is read-only
Only the bar-attribute can be set:
x.bar = 'foo'
-- timo
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Steve Jobless wrote: Unfortunately, I don't see a way to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside. Documentation. (And name-mangling, underscore prepending, all the stuff the others said.) Whenever I use a 3rd party library, I consult the docs to see how it works and which functions do what. The interface is what is published and the implementation is what you find if you dig around in the module. Yes, there's little in the way of run-time enforcement of this divide. But that's because Python gives you other benefits that come from run-time assignment and re-assignment of attributes. It's a common and powerful idiom that you find in several languages, especially that are wholly or partially prototype-based, such as Javascript. Unfortunately, it seems to be taking unnecessary risk. I was hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety, but I don't hear much. I think the main issue is that tracking whether an attribute is public or private and whether an accessing scope is allowed to access it would impose a burden on the language developers, extra typing for users, and a run-time performance penalty, in the pursuit of some degree of 'safety' that isn't universally agreed to be useful. With this in mind, the name-mangling approach is a very reasonable middle ground. Every language has a philosophy and Python's differs from that of (for example) Java. It may not be suitable for large teams of mediocre programmers who require the compiler to keep them in line, but might produce better results than Java in other circumstances. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Chaos wrote: As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used for thisY in range(0, thisHeight): for thisX in range(0, thisWidth): #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds The main question is: why do you want to do this? I ask because with performance requirements like that, you almost certainly need another approach, one which I may be able to suggest. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Steve Jobless wrote: Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Steve Jobless wrote: Sybren Stuvel wrote: Steve Jobless enlightened us with: The first case can be just a typo, like: x.valeu = 5 I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message would be unreadable :). Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without errors can be trained. I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks like this? (No, not really. But...) There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're caught almost immediatly. I hope you are right. But I have yet to see the proof. Just empirical arguments. Well, I'm only talking about my own experience here - I do not pretend to prove anything. The second case can be like: x.next = y y.next = None to create a linked list by piggybacking next to the class. It will overwrite the iterater for the class if defined. You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for everything in life. Well, the choice of next was not a good example. Sure, no one with decent Python knowledge would do that. But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask Is anyone using name xxx? assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject) The class may be used by developers I don't even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet... How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given app doesn't impact the source code. Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it. No, you can't. Even if they do, just updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's their fault. If they monkeypatch my code, they are of course responsible for what may happen then. And FWIW, I don't have to diagnose their problem. Let's put it the other way : I'm the one monkeypatching some 3rd part lib, and following an update, it happens that my monkeypatch now breaks the lib. I *know* I monkeypatched it, so my first take will be to inspect this part. It's not a good idea to call them idiots. No 'idiocy' here, just willingness to assume one's own responsabilities. This may be an extreme case, but it could happen within a single organization. You may be in the framework group supporting several application groups. If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work with. Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head. People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing. I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss... If your boss is a bad programmer and doesn't know it, then you're in for trouble whatever the language. Maybe I should ask the question in a different way: What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class. But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes or over-ride functions. Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and maintaining your own branch. IMHO Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not) know how it does (implementation). Depends on what you're doing, but globally agreed. This is important because the class implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking users' code as long as the interface is compatible. Yes. (This is why most, if not all, instance variables should be private. No. Well, not exactly !-) Attributes (instance or class, callable or not) that are implementation should be marked as such, attributes (idem) that makes the API should be marked as such. Any name starting with an underscore is implementation, any name starting with a letter is API. You can use __getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of the base class. Yes, of course. When it's possible. Sometimes it's not. You
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Chaos ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: : He is the code #Actions here : myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 * : image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY)) : if myCol darkestCol: :darkestCol = myCol :possX = thisX :possY = thisY You really don't want to do this in interpreted Python code. Way to slow. I don't know PIL but probably you can do it their. Another aproach is to use one of the array/maths libraries e.g. Numeric or NumPy. You'll need to move the image data between PIL and the array package with the data being a (y,x,3) array for input array and (y,x) for the output array. .tostirng() methods and fromstring() can be usefull here. Then... 1. Colour map it newImage = 0.3 * image[:,:,0] + 0.59 * image[:,:,1] + 0.11 * image[:,:,2] 2. Mask of pixels less than your threshold newImage = clip(newImage, myCol, MAX_COLOUR) 3. Find the coordinates of the last minimum colour - possX, possY (do you really need/mean to do this?) hth cds -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to find difference in years between two dates?
John Machin wrote: Jan 31 to Feb 27: 27d (ex) 28d (in) Jan 31 to Feb 28: 28d (ex) 1m 1d (in) Jan 31 to Mar 01: 1m 1d (ex) 1m 2d (in) So 1 day short of 1m 1d is not 1m 0 d??? Exactly. Just as a person born on 1999-3-1 isn't a year old on 2000-2-29. Perfectly regular, consistent and reasonable. I'd call this unreasonable, inconsistent, anomalous -- especially when on the same website you do 1993-01-31 plus 1 month, it gives you 1993-02-28 (as I'd expect). You're entitled to your opinion. -- bjorn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Ray wrote:
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
like this? (No, not really. But...)
There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
caught almost immediatly.
Actually Bruno, don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
Python comes at the expense of security is simply due to the fact
that the syntax of screw up is exactly the same as the syntax of I
mean it this way and I do want it?
(patient) Doctor, it hurts when I do this...
(doctor) Then don't do it.
!-)
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: micro authoritative dns server
Jack wrote: No, it's very low level :) Please post back if you find a good solution (or have built something that you want to open source :) The same if you find or create it Xan. Well, thanks, but I think it's so few for beginning. ,-( Is it not any high-level DNS class? E!!! Regards, Xan. Jack wrote: I was looking for something like that. I came across this: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/491264 It's not ready to use but you can modify it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:22:55 +0200, Sybren Stuvel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Vincent Delporte enlightened us with: The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. That's just begging for huge problems. No insult intended, but it's downright stupid to develop and test on one platform, and then deploy on another. Every system nowadays is a Unix, except Windows. I suggest you pick another system for development and testing. We just did that at work (developed on the corporate-issued non-Unix computers and then deployed on a Linux box), and had no problems at all. In a former life, I was a long-time embedded system developer, where we *always* developed on one platform and deployed on another. My experience with developing on your deployment platform is that it's too easy for platform dependencies to sneak in without being caught. Regards, Dan -- Dan Sommers http://www.tombstonezero.net/dan/ I wish people would die in alphabetical order. -- My wife, the genealogist -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Timo wrote:
Steve Jobless kirjoitti:
Let's say the class is defined as:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self):
pass
def func(self):
return 123
But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
x = MyClass()
x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
or even:
x.func = 789
After x.func = 789, the function is totally shot.
You can avoid the problem by using the __slots__ definition and
new-style classes (inherit from object):
class MyClass(object):
__slots__ = ('bar',)
def func(self):
return 123
x = MyClass()
x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
==
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute
'instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class'
x.func = 789
==
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object attribute 'func' is read-only
Only the bar-attribute can be set:
x.bar = 'foo'
This avoids the problem but you get others in return. And it's an abuse
of `__slots__` which is meant as a way to save memory if you need really
many objects of that type and not as protection.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
Hi!
it is interesting that I found this syntax error:
a = {}
str('sdfd', **a,)
File stdin, line 1
str('sdfd', **a,)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
I just wonder is it intentional or by-product (bug or feature)?
(The behaviour makes sense, of course... I tend to leave commas when I
expect a list to be added to (i.e. almost always ;-)))
Regards,
Roman
--
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Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
Django(http://www.djangoproject.com/) is a nice Python based framework for writing web applications. It comes bundled with a simple web server that is usefull for local developing. A desciption on how to install Django on windows can be found at http://effbot.org/zone/django.htm#installing - Kjell Magne Vincent Delporte wrote: Hello I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
Thanks for the suggestion Rob. All I can find are 2 copies of winsock.dll: c:/WINNT/system32/winsock.dll c:/WINNT/system32/dllcache/winsock.dll They're both the same version 3.10.0.13 I assume it's ok to have a copy in the dllcach directory and that's not a source of the problem? Does python require a specific version of winsock.dll? The OS is windows 2000 5.00.2195 Service Pack 4. Cheers, Ralph Rob Wolfe wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and python. I get the following error when trying to view the start page after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107). 10107 is A system call that should never fail has failed...which isn't very helpful. Any ideas what the problem may be? Thanks, Ralph CGI Error The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are: Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi, line 40, in ? from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI File C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py, line 10, in ? import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO File C:\Python\lib\cgi.py, line 39, in ? import urllib File C:\Python\lib\urllib.py, line 26, in ? import socket File C:\Python\lib\socket.py, line 44, in ? import _socket ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107 I'm not sure if that helps but check if you have multiple winsock.dll files on the machine. Maybe in the system path you have some old winsock.dll. regards, Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
Vincent, If you plant to deploy on Unix/Linux, why develop on Windows? I would suggest to make a partition on your Windows machine and install some popular Linux distribution (I use Ubuntu but there are others too.) The biggest benefit will come from the fact that you will have access to a large pre-packaged set of IDEs, utilities, libraries, python modules, all kinds of Apache modules and so on. Mind you, there are probably more Python IDEs and tools that work better(natively) in Linux than in Windows (ipython and Eric3 are the ones that come to mind). This way you can quickly try various IDEs and tools for a couple of days to find what you like, just do 'apt-get install my_new_ide' (for Debian based distros like Debian and Ubuntu that is) and your new IDE will appear in the Programming menu. As far as a specific IDE, I already mentioned Eric3, I think it is the most polished one. I have tried Komodo, SPE, pydev and Emacs. I have settled on Eric3 and sometimes I use Emacs (please don't start editor wars over this, these are just my personal views!). I found Komodo to be too slow on my machine, SPE was also slow, was crashing on me and had strange gui issues, pydev works with Eclipse so you have to install that too, also found it to have quite a few rough edges. Emacs is actaully pretty good if you got used to the keys, but lacks basic refactoring and other small helper tools that IDEs have. Also I found ipython to be a very useful replacement for the standard Python prompt. Not sure what kind of a GUI designer you would want for a web based application. Or is it for an administration module with a gui? In that case you'll first have to choose the GUI toolkit. The default one that comes with Python is Tk (Tkinter) and there are others like wxPython, PyGTK, PyQT and so on. In general though, the time spent learning how to design a gui with a designer could probably be used to just write the code yourself in Python (now for Java or C++ it is a different story... -- you can start a war over this ;-) Hope this helps, Nick Vatamaniuc Vincent Delporte wrote: Hello I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment will be on a shared Unix web host. What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python Projects Continuous Integration
Hi, I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in the Java world. I was wondering what tool advice you could give me about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the docs, tag the code repository. I'm used to things like Maven and CruiseControl in the Java world. Cheers, Dave. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
Roman,
According to the Python call syntax definition
(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
seems like a minor bug. Here are the lines in question:
-http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html---
call ::= primary ( [argument_list [,]] )
argument_list::=positional_arguments [, keyword_arguments] [, *
expression] [, ** expression]
| keyword_arguments [, * expression] [, ** expression]
| * expression [, ** expression]
| ** expression
--
If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
exhaustive example:
def f(a,b):
... pass
...
f(1,2)
f(1,2,)
f(1,*[2])
f(1,*[2],)
File stdin, line 1
f(1,*[2],)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
f(1,**{'b':2})
f(1,**{'b':2},)
File stdin, line 1
f(1,**{'b':2},)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
f(*[1,2])
f(*[1,2],)
File stdin, line 1
f(*[1,2],)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
f(**{'a':1,'b':2})
f(**{'a':1,'b':2},)
File stdin, line 1
f(**{'a':1,'b':2},)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
f(1,b=2)
f(1,b=2,)
f(a=1,b=2,)
-
Anybody else knows more about this?
/invoking the spirit of GvR... ;-)
Nick Vatamaniuc
Roman Susi wrote:
Hi!
it is interesting that I found this syntax error:
a = {}
str('sdfd', **a,)
File stdin, line 1
str('sdfd', **a,)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
I just wonder is it intentional or by-product (bug or feature)?
(The behaviour makes sense, of course... I tend to leave commas when I
expect a list to be added to (i.e. almost always ;-)))
Regards,
Roman
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks for the suggestion Rob. All I can find are 2 copies of winsock.dll: c:/WINNT/system32/winsock.dll c:/WINNT/system32/dllcache/winsock.dll They're both the same version 3.10.0.13 I assume it's ok to have a copy in the dllcach directory and that's not a source of the problem? Does python require a specific version of winsock.dll? The OS is windows 2000 5.00.2195 Service Pack 4. No, python doesn't require specific version of winsock.dll. On my XP I have: winsock.dll - 3.10.0.103 ws2_32.dll - 5.1.2600.2180 wsock32.dll - 5.1.2600.2180 and everything works fine. No other idea, but I'm almost sure that problem is on the OS side not on python side. Regards, Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Threads vs Processes
[mark] http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/async.html . At my work, we started writing a web app using the twisted framework, but it was somehow too twisted for the developers, so actually they chose to do threading rather than using twisted's async methods. -- Tobias Brox, 69°42'N, 18°57'E -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], OriginalBrownster wrote: I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework to use python to power my application. [...] my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they want to save that file?. Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory. So that's not your business. After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that archive to the user. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch THanks Marc, That makes sense. I can zip the files to a temp directory. However, How do I deliver the archive to them?... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], OriginalBrownster wrote: I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework to use python to power my application. [...] my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they want to save that file?. Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory. So that's not your business. After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that archive to the user. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch THanks Marc, That makes sense. I can zip the files to a temp directory. However, How do I deliver the archive to them?... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
A couple of hopefully short (interrelated) questions: 1) is there a way to suppress the banner when starting Python interactively? Something like a --quiet that would just drop you straight to a prompt? I like to use Python as a nuclear-powered calculator, and am working on a couple little projects where it would be quite handy to suppress the banner version/help information (namely, if it gets piped to a text-to-speech front end, the less noise the better) 2) is there a way to change the two prompts from and ... to other options? Namely, again with the TTS option, something that is more TTS friendly than hearing greater-than greater-than greater-than. The dot dot dot isn't nearly as bad. I'm not sure what sorts of queries to google for to find this out. I've tried things like site:python.org changing interactive interpreter prompt -idle and site:python.org suppress start-up banner site:python.org banner interactive along with a few such variants, and had no results that seemed to be what I wanted. Short of editing CPython source, is there something I've overlooked? Some command-line option that doesn't get listed in python -h or an environment variable? Thanks, -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
problem with regex
I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*') ...I get
sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
do i need to escape something else? i see that i have matching
parenthesis.
thx
--
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Re: Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
On 7/27/06, Tim Chase [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 2) is there a way to change the two prompts from and ... to other options? Namely, again with the TTS option, something that is more TTS friendly than hearing greater-than greater-than greater-than. The dot dot dot isn't nearly as bad. Change sys.ps1 and sys.ps2: http://tinyurl.com/lgqth. -- Cheers, Simon B, [EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Threads vs Processes
On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:53:54 -0700, Nick Vatamaniuc wrote: Debugging all those threads should be a project in an of itself. Ahh, debugging - I forgot to bring that one up in my argument! Thanks Nick ;) Certainly I agree of course that there are many applications which suit a threaded design. I just think there is a general over-emphasis on using threads and see it applied very often where an event based approach would be cleaner and more efficient. Thanks for your comments Bryan and Nick, an interesting debate. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
On 28 Jul 2006 05:45:05 -0700, abcd [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*') ...I get
sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
do i need to escape something else? i see that i have matching
parenthesis.
thx
--
Try making the argument a raw string:
re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*')
--
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Re: Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
Change sys.ps1 and sys.ps2: http://tinyurl.com/lgqth. Thanks! I knew I had seen a solution to this involving something like ps1 and ps2, but the things I kept finding referred to the bash/sh PS1 and PS2 prompt level variables. All it took was learning that they *really were* ps1 and ps2...just namespaced off into the sys module. Works like a charm. -tim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
abcd wrote:
I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*') ...I get
sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
do i need to escape something else? i see that i have matching
parenthesis.
You should use raw string:
re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*')
Regards,
Rob
--
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Re: problem with regex
when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*') ...I get
sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
Because you're not using raw strings, the escapables become
escaped, making your regexp something like
[A-Za-z]:\([^/:\*\?\|])*
(because it knows what \\ is, but likely doesn't attribute
significance to \? or \|, and thus leaves them alone).
Thus, you have \( in your regexp, which is a literal
open-paren. But you have a ), which is a close a grouping
paren. The error is indicating that the close a grouping paren
doesn't close some previously opened paren.
General good practice shoves all this stuff in a raw string:
r[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*
which solves much of the headache.
-tkc
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Re: problem with regex
well thanks for the quick replies, but now my regex doesn't work. [code] import re p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?\|])*') x = p.match(c:\test) [/code] x is None any ideas why? i escape the back-slash, the asterisk *, and the PIPE | b/c they are regex special characters. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: | H J van Rooyen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message | news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] | Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: | | | Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64, | and | | 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying: | | | | def darkness(img,x,y): | | return (RedVal(img,x,y) 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) 6) + | | (BlueVal(img,x,y) 3) | | | | | | -- Paul | | *grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift, | save a | copy, shift twice more and add the copy... | | - Hendrik | | Sadly, my timeit results show this saves only a little time, and | shift-copy-shiftsomemore-and-add is even slower then just doing the original | floating point multiply. The biggest win is in prelookup of Image.GetXXX | functions. | | -- Paul I was not seriously suggesting this for use in python on a pc - its the sort of rubbish you do on a small embedded machine that has a reduced instruction set and no multiplier... - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] Wrote: | H J van Rooyen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: | So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an | idiot writes something to the following effect : | | *instructions to disable interrupts* | | followed by : | | *instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls* | | the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine... | | A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer, | which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every | so often (e.g. by writing to some register). If too long an interval | goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu. Normally the | software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine. | A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running, | eventually resulting in a reset. *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that I have not seen on PC's yet... - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?\|])*') x = p.match(c:\test) any ideas why? i escape the back-slash, the asterisk *, and the PIPE | b/c they are regex special characters. Same problem, only now in the other string: s = c:\test print s c: est Your \t is interpreted as as tab character. Thus, you want s = rc:\test or s = c:\\test which you'll find should now be successfully found with p.match(s) -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Paul Boddie wrote: Ben Sizer wrote: In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones have you tried and why are they insufficient? PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with hardware advances at all. On the graphical side you can opt for OpenGL, the Python library for which is also barely maintained (though I hear work is underway behind the scenes) and doesn't provide much more than a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very popular. Which other frameworks are you thinking of? I know of a variety of wrappers around individual libraries, and of wrappers around 3D engines such as Irrlicht and Ogre, but not much else. Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring, but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels. Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or independent site. There are probably some hosts that will provide shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with PHP or ASP, for example. And even with the full framework approach, the field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think a critical mass of users is important with any technology. I'm in a similar situation to the original poster; I'd like to use Turbogears for an app I want to write, but will probably end up doing it in PHP instead, because I can't get dedicated hardware or a local host for Turbogears. (Never mind the lack of documentation.) Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the two technologies together. It's a fair point, but on the other hand, saying if you want it doing, do it yourself doesn't objectively improve the status quo. If something doesn't exist, it doesn't exist, and it's valid to comment upon that fact. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
sorry i forgot to escape the question mark...
[code]
import re
p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?\|])*')
even when I escape that it still doesnt work as expected.
p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*')
p.match('c:\test') still returns None.
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Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
I have been going through Dive into Python which up to now has been
excellent. I am now working through Chapter 9, XML Processing. I am 9
pages in (p182) in the 'Parsing XML section. The following code is
supposed to return the whole XML document (I have put ti at the end of
this email):
from xml.dom import minidom
xmldoc =
minidom.parse('/home/ben/diveintopython-5.4/py/kgp/binary.xml')
grammerNode = xmldoc.firstChild
print grammerNode.toxml()
But it only returns:
!DOCTYPE grammar
PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
'kgp.dtd'
The next line is then
grammerNode.childNodes
And it returns an empty tuples;(
Kind of stuck here as I don't really want to continue. Has anyone any
idea what is going on?
Ben
binary.xml
?xml version=1.0?
!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC -//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro
v1.0//EN kgp.dtd
grammar
ref id=bit
p0/p
p1/p
/ref
ref id=byte
pxref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref
id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref
id=bit//p
/ref
/grammar
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Re: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
Roman,
According to the Python call syntax definition
(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
seems like a minor bug. Here are the lines in question:
-http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html---
call ::= primary ( [argument_list [,]] )
argument_list::=positional_arguments [, keyword_arguments] [, *
expression] [, ** expression]
| keyword_arguments [, * expression] [, ** expression]
| * expression [, ** expression]
| ** expression
--
If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
exhaustive example:
Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:
http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209view=markup
parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'
--
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Newbie..Needs Help
Hi this is a plea for some help. I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to collect data from a web site and puts it into a access database table. It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect the results of those races. I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually. I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest) there are only 12 fields to extract The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in another project which is talking all his time. I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me Regards Graham -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
Sybren Stuvel wrote: Yes, because after the c: you expect a backslash, and not a tab character. Read the manual again about raw strings and character escaping, it'll do you good. doh. i shall do that. thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
Paul Boddie [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Anyway, the py.execnet thing is presumably designed to work over the Internet and over local networks, with the benefit of SSH being that it applies well to both domains. Whether it's a better solution for the questioner's problem than established alternatives such as PVM (which I've never had the need to look into, even though it seems interesting), various distributed schedulers or anything else out there, I can't really say. You could use ssh's port forwarding features and just open a normal TCP connection to a local port that the local ssh server listens to. Then the ssh server forwards the traffic through an encrypted tunnel to the other machine. Your application doesn't have to know anything about ssh. In fact there's a VPN function (using tun/tap) in recent versions of ssh that should make it even simpler, but I hvean't tried it yet. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
Ray wrote:
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
Actually Bruno, don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
Python comes at the expense of security is simply due to the fact
that the syntax of screw up is exactly the same as the syntax of I
mean it this way and I do want it?
(patient) Doctor, it hurts when I do this...
(doctor) Then don't do it.
!-)
Yeah, I know... but the thing is that it's easy to do it. Say in C++,
you can rebind the method of a class to another function if you want
to, you can muck around with the vtable and stuff, but you've gotta do
something different than, say, a normal assignment.
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
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Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
I have been going through Dive into Python which up to now has been
excellent. I am now working through Chapter 9, XML Processing. I am 9
pages in (p182) in the 'Parsing XML section. The following code is
supposed to return the whole XML document (I have put ti at the end of
this email):
from xml.dom import minidom
xmldoc =
minidom.parse('/home/ben/diveintopython-5.4/py/kgp/binary.xml')
grammerNode = xmldoc.firstChild
print grammerNode.toxml()
But it only returns:
!DOCTYPE grammar
PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
'kgp.dtd'
The next line is then
grammerNode.childNodes
And it returns an empty tuples;(
Kind of stuck here as I don't really want to continue. Has anyone any
idea what is going on?
Ben
binary.xml
?xml version=1.0?
!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC -//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro
v1.0//EN kgp.dtd
grammar
ref id=bit
p0/p
p1/p
/ref
ref id=byte
pxref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref
id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref id=bit/xref
id=bit//p
/ref
/grammar
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Re: problem with regex
not sure why this passes:
regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
p = re.compile(regex)
p.match('c:\\test')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0
p.match('c:\\test?:/')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720
the last example shouldnt give a match
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SWIG, Python and C structures
Hi,
I have structures like the following:
typedef struct _SX
{
int i;
char str[10];
} SX;
typedef struct _SXA
{
int num_elements;
SX sa[10];
} SXA;
void myfunc1( SX *sx_p );
void myfunc2( SXA *sxa_p );
The swig interface file simply includes the .h-file with the '%include'
statement.
I'm having problems when sending elements of SX within the SXA as an
argument to myfunc2!
The Python codes is like following:
...
sx1 = pymod.SX()
sx1.i = 1
sx1.str = string1
sx2 = pymod.SX()
sx2.i = 2
sx2.str = string2
sxl = []
sxl.append( sx1 )
sxl.append( sx2 )
sxa = pymod.SXA()
sxa.num_elements = len(sxl)
sxa.sa = sxl # -triggers the
following error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pymod_test.py, line 34, in ?
test()
File pymod_test.py, line 31, in test
test2()
File pymod_test.py, line 25, in test2
sxa.sa = sxl
File /home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py, line 70, in lambda
__setattr__ = lambda self, name, value: _swig_setattr(self, SXA,
name, value)
File /home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py, line 22, in _swig_setattr
return _swig_setattr_nondynamic(self,class_type,name,value,0)
File /home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py, line 15, in
_swig_setattr_nondynamic
if method: return method(self,value)
TypeError: argument number 2: a 'SX *' is expected, 'list([pymod.SX;
proxy of C SX instance at _a0211708_p__SX, pymod.SX; proxy of C SX
instance at _70b21408_p__SX])' is received
I've tried to add a %typemap (in) SX { ... } without any success.
The following assignment with call to myfunc2 works though.
sxa.sa = sx1
Can anyone please advise
Regards
- Ingi
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Re: Newbie..Needs Help
Your description is too general. The way to 'collect the results' depends largely in what format the results are. If they are in an html table you will have to parse the html data if they are in a simple plaintext you might use a different method, and if the site renders the numbers to images and adds some noise and font effects to them, then you can abandon the idea altogether unless you have a good background in OCR. But let's assume that you data is embedded an html sourse. Even so you, it would largely depend on the specific syntax used. Sometimes you could just use regular expressions, other times a full HTML parser will be needed. Then you could have the issue of 'how to get to the right page' and/or 'how to uniquely identify and match each of the previously parsed rows of data to the new set of rows of data that also have the results added to them?' Perhaps if you post the website plus a clear and exact description of what you want to accomplish and what has already been accomplished you might find someone to help. -Nick V. Graham Feeley wrote: Hi this is a plea for some help. I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to collect data from a web site and puts it into a access database table. It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect the results of those races. I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually. I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest) there are only 12 fields to extract The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in another project which is talking all his time. I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me Regards Graham -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:10 +0200, Vincent Delporte [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: (snip) Thanks everyone for the input! For the IDE: Ideally, I'd like something modern that uses language wordlists (to show syntax, variables, etc. in different colors), a window that lists all the procedures so I can easily jump from on to the other, possibly an edit window that can fold code with the familiar + sign in the left side, etc. I'll check out WingIDE and Eric3. For the GUI builder: It's just that I'm used to Delphi, ie. drawing the interface with a mouse, but I guess the equivalent is just a WYSIWYG HTML editor like DreamWeaver etc. For the application engine: Indeed, I hesitate between CherryPy and Django, as I've read a lot of nice things about both. Hopefully, finding web hosters that support Python and those frameworks won't be an issue? Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
p = re.compile(regex)
p.match('c:\\test')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0
p.match('c:\\test?:/')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720
the last example shouldnt give a match
Ah, but it should, because it *does* match.
m = p.match('c:\\test?:/')
m.group(0)
'c:\\test'
# add a $ at the end to anchor it
# to the end of the line
regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*$'
p = re.compile(regex)
m = p.match('c:\\test?:/')
m
By adding the $ to ensure that you're matching the whole string
passed to match() and not just as much as possible given the
regexp, you solve the problem you describe.
-tkc
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Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Ray wrote: Yeah, I know... but the thing is that it's easy to do it. Say in C++, you can rebind the method of a class to another function if you want to, you can muck around with the vtable and stuff, but you've gotta do something different than, say, a normal assignment. But remember, at no point did they think to make that stuff deliberately hard so that it would give you safety. It's hard because the implementation is relatively complex. The flipside of that is writing function objects in C++, which are an ugly hack to get around the fact that you can't just assign functions or define them in-place in that language. Python makes it trivial by comparison. And as another example, if you use the STL in C++ regularly, you will be familiar with the hoops you have to jump through in order to use generic functions. eg. try to call a polymorphic member function on each pointer in an std::map, while passing a fixed parameter to that function... this sort of thing is trivial in Python as a side-effect of the fact that the attributes are looked up at run-time. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New release of Diet Python (Beta 0.2)
I'll be out of the office until approximately August 20th. If you have any questions, please email [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- David Wahler -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN' 'kgp.dtd' I tried to reproduce your problem with the sample file you gave, but it gasped, wheezed and died with a traceback about entities. Likely for not also having this kgp.dtd file (and any other external files it references in turn). Care to post that file too? (of copyright allows...) -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
John McMonagle wrote: Have a look at using a wx.Validator in your wx.TextCtrl. Ah, good thinking! I wasn't even considering another option like that, which probably makes more sense anyway! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
Nick Vatamaniuc wrote: John, The way I do it is, is I ask myself 'is there a more common (basic) base between the code paths or do they both have about a 50/50 chance on average?' or 'will one code path be taken during an error and the other one during the normal processing?'. If there is a clear single common/usual/basic case or I try to detect an error I use 'try/except', if it could go either way on average I use 'if'. Thanks, that's something good to think about. This issue came up once before and I remember someone saying something like you're using a try/except statement, but i wouldn't really consider that situation 'exceptional', so thinking of it in your terms might help a lot. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to force a thread to stop
H J van Rooyen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that I have not seen on PC's yet... They are available for PC's, as plug-in cards, at least for the ISA bus in the old days, and almost certainly for the PCI bus today. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
On 2006-07-28, Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ...USING A INFINITE MAGENTIC FIELD!!! I have a vision of a sweeping magenta fabric rippling through the cosmos. Perhaps a mauvic, cyanic, or even aubergenic field would be more stylish. depends on what shoes you choose to go with it. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! My uncle Murray at conquered Egypt in 53 visi.comB.C. And I can prove it too!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with regex
abcd wrote:
not sure why this passes:
regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?\|])*'
p = re.compile(regex)
p.match('c:\\test')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0
p.match('c:\\test?:/')
_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720
the last example shouldnt give a match
If you want to learn RE I suggest to use great tool redemo.py (tk app).
Then you can play with regular expressions to find the result
you are looking for.
It can be found in Python 2.4 in Tools\Scripts.
Regards,
Rob
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Re: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Ben Sizer wrote: Ray wrote: But remember, at no point did they think to make that stuff deliberately hard so that it would give you safety. It's hard because the implementation is relatively complex. The flipside of that is writing function objects in C++, which are an ugly hack to get around the fact that you can't just assign functions or define them in-place in that language. Python makes it trivial by comparison. And as another example, if you use the STL in C++ regularly, you will be familiar with the hoops you have to jump through in order to use generic functions. eg. try to call a polymorphic member function on each pointer in an std::map, while passing a fixed parameter to that function... this sort of thing is trivial in Python as a side-effect of the fact that the attributes are looked up at run-time. Yeah, I know what you mean. Perhaps that wasn't a good example, but what I meant was simply that it's different. It doesn't even have to be complicated like in the C++ case, just different, so say the interpreter would be able to tell: oh, this guy wants to rebind the method, and oh, that is an error. Right now it can't tell because both look the same. I really did like C++ btw. Now I had to force myself really hard just to get through one chapter off a good book like Effective STL, because all the time something at the back of my head was telling me like that that was basically a book about jumping through hoops :) -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
True, that is why it behaves the way it does, but which way is the
correct way? i.e. does the code need updating or the documentation?
-Nick V.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
Roman,
According to the Python call syntax definition
(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
seems like a minor bug. Here are the lines in question:
-http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html---
call ::= primary ( [argument_list [,]] )
argument_list::=positional_arguments [, keyword_arguments] [, *
expression] [, ** expression]
| keyword_arguments [, * expression] [, ** expression]
| * expression [, ** expression]
| ** expression
--
If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
exhaustive example:
Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:
http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209view=markup
parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'
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Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Ben Sizer wrote: Roman Susi wrote: Ben Sizer wrote: The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;) Is it a bad thing? I don't know. I suppose that depends on how you define 'bad'! For me, it is often inconvenient, because I'd prefer to use Python but generally find that I have to choose something else if I want to do the best possible for any particular project. Exactly. It's bad because Python is the language you'd love to use at work but can't :) Don't tell me to look for a job in a Python shop, there's none. OTOH, there IS at least one RoR shop that I know of and they're doing pretty well! In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, and web development support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI doesn't suffice, that is. In the original poster's case, it's seemingly because specific database support seems to be lacking. Improving the libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity of Python's potential applications rather than diminish it. Yep, (support in Django, specifically, not Python). -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Projects Continuous Integration
Dave Potts [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi, I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in the Java world. I was wondering what tool advice you could give me about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the docs, tag the code repository. I'm used to things like Maven and CruiseControl in the Java world. Cheers, Dave. First, sorry to hear you have had to use Java. You should recover after a few months in Python. Second, welcome to Python. Third, some of us emacs as our IDE. I presume you often have several packages open at once, each with its own regression tests, own documentation, and own CVS or SVN module. You may also have multiple coding languages going at once (e.g., Python, C, C++, FORTRAN, Lisp, PROLOG). Doing this in emacs: 1. Make a separate instance for each package being edited. In the instance make separate frames for a) code buffers, b) test case buffers, c) doc buffers. In the test frame, make a shell window where you can run go_test, thus running your testsuite for that package. In the doc frame, make a shell window where you can run go_doc. (Must of couse have written those go_ scripts, also done in emacs of course.). If there are too many things happening for one desktop, run each package in a separate desktop (you are working in an OS which has virtual screens, right?). 2. Do CVS checkin/checkout in tool of your choice. Emacs can do it. I prefer tkcvs, with editor set to emacs and diff set to emacs's' ediff. Personal preference. 3. Do documentation in the tool of your choice. Emacs can support pretty much any natural language, and has markups for just about any markup mechanism (SGML, XHTML, etc.). I use my own Pdx, edited in emacs, and thus autogenerate HTML, PDF, LaTeX, etc. Again, personal preference. At a minimum, use some mechanism which allow autogeneration of documentation, auto inclusion of code snippets, and hyperlinking. Since the go_doc is run in an emacs shell, use alt-P-return to rerun the line. Redocumenting is thus a 2 keystroke effort. 4. Do testing using a batch go_test script, running a suite built from unittest. As needed, write debug statements to another buffer in that frame, where you can use full emacs functionallity to search it. Since the go_test is run in an emacs shell, use alt-P-return to rerun the line. Retesting is thus a 2 keystroke effort. 5. Oh, yes, coding. Emacs's python-mode.el works fine. Colorize or not as you see fit. There are ways to set up code-completion, but personally I never do it. You can setup etags but I never do -- emacs search and grep-find do what I need. Personal preference. 6. Use exactly the same setup for language after language, decade after decade, platform after platform. Use your brain cells form something useful, like learning new technologies and new algorithms. -- Harry George PLM Engineering Architecture -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Ben Sizer wrote: a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very popular. IronPython is not released yet, I do hope it will become popular though. It's in RC1 now and should be released soon. I'm really looking forward to it! Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring, but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels. Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or independent site. There are probably some hosts that will provide shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with PHP or ASP, for example. And even with the full framework approach, the field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think a critical mass of users is important with any technology. Diversity can be a pain in the ass sometimes. Instead of ending up with something really good you end up with a lot of mediocre stuff (Note: I'm not saying anything about Django or Turbogears here, mind!). Reminds me of the time when I was installing Linux for the first time and finding out that there were tons of text editor included in the distro. I only need vi so that wasn't a problem, but I could imagine someone from a strictly Windows world would wish that there was only one text editor :) I'm in a similar situation to the original poster; I'd like to use Turbogears for an app I want to write, but will probably end up doing it in PHP instead, because I can't get dedicated hardware or a local host for Turbogears. (Never mind the lack of documentation.) Yep. And my case now is pretty much shot with no Oracle/SQL Server support. Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the two technologies together. It's a fair point, but on the other hand, saying if you want it doing, do it yourself doesn't objectively improve the status quo. If something doesn't exist, it doesn't exist, and it's valid to comment upon that fact. Couldn't agree more. A lot of would-be users, upon being told that, would simply turn to another framework/language/platform/whatever that does provide the feature in question. This is especially true for companies with fast moving projects like the one I'm working for at the moment. Of course, then we can always say, sur, go ahead, your loss blah blah blah Well maybe. But how does it help ourselves really? -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
metaclass : parse all class once before doing anything else ?
Hi, I have a much to smart problem for my brain. Here is the deal : I got a metaclass named Foo Then I got two others classes: class Bar(Foo): pass class Baz(Foo): pass I know how to add some attrs, methods to Bar and Baz when the module is loaded but I need to do something more : Before adding anything to these classes, 1 - I need to parse all defined Foo classes 2 - sort them 3 - parse this sorted list to add attrs and methods. This seems to be really to clever for me ;-( Any idea ? Regards, Laurent. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nested function scope problem
On 2006-07-28 04:07:20, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Gerhard Fiedler a écrit : Isn't being on the LHS (of an assignment) the only way to (re)bind a variable? pedantic s/variable/name/ /pedantic Ok, I missed this one :) Are there situations where binding happens without an explicit assignment with the variable name being on the LHS? Assignment aside, binding occurs: 1/ on evaluation of import, class and def statement 2/ on function call for the function's arguments 3/ as a result of a list comp or for loop: Sounds intuitive enough. Can the object referenced by a variable name get changed without the variable name appearing on the LHS? a = [] id(a) 1078043820 def change(l): ... l.append(42) ... change(a) a [42] id(a) 1078043820 First assignment aside, the *name* 'a' is never on the LHS of an assignment, yet the object referenced by name 'a' got 'changed' : it was initially empty, after call to change() it contains an int. Yes, I know, this is not what you meant (and no, name 'a' has not been rebound) - but that's really what you asked : the object referenced by name 'a' got changed without name 'a' being on the LHS !-) What I meant here is whether the object can be a different one than before (the object gets changed like a shirt before dinner, not like the color of crabs during cooking), without it being caused by being on the LHS of an assignment (or any of the other possibilities you listed above). That was more an ambiguity in the language... I think your intented question was more like : can a name be rebound without that name being on the LHS of an assignment, [...] Yes. and it's addressed above I'll have to experiment a bit and come up with an example of what I'm thinking of. But it seems that what I was thinking of doesn't make sense in the light of my better understanding of binding :) Thanks for your help. Binding seems to be one of the more crucial concepts to master before understanding how Python works. One of the first things I wondered (this is slightly related) is whether it wouldn't be really good to make the difference between mutable and immutable objects more obvious. Gerhard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: SocketServer and timers
Simon Forman wrote: alf wrote: Hi, I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are: -how to stop serve_forever -how to implement timers thx, alf Do you really need a timer, or do you just want to check something every second or so? If the latter, then something like this would do it: from time import time INTERVAL = 1.0 RUN = True while RUN: # Get a time in the future. T = time() + INTERVAL # Serve requests until then. while time() T: server.handle_request() # Check whatever. if check(): # Do something, for example, stop running. RUN = False That alone does not work. If server.handle_request() blocks, you don't get to the check(). You need some kind of timeout in handle_request(). -- --Bryan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
Perfect. That's exactly what I wanted. Thanks.
For those reading this later on, the following script will crawl
through a directory, select all the text files, dump them into seperate
numbered html files in the parent directory (in which the python script
is executed). In this example, the first line of the text file is
placed into a table with a randomly colored background. With a little
work, the text files can be complexly formatted, each folder can be
color coded, etc.
#! /usr/bin/python
import glob
import fileinput
import os
import string
import sys
count == 1
number == 1
class DirectoryWalker:
# a forward iterator that traverses a directory tree, and
# returns the filename
def __init__(self, directory):
self.stack = [directory]
self.files = []
self.index = 0
def __getitem__(self, index):
while 1:
try:
file = self.files[self.index]
self.index = self.index + 1
except IndexError:
# pop next directory from stack
self.directory = self.stack.pop()
self.files = os.listdir(self.directory)
self.index = 0
else:
# get a filename, eliminate directories from list
fullname = os.path.join(self.directory, file)
if os.path.isdir(fullname) and not
os.path.islink(fullname):
self.stack.append(fullname)
else:
return fullname
for file in DirectoryWalker(.):
last_directory = None
for file in DirectoryWalker(.):
issue = number +.html
directory = os.path.dirname(file)
if directory != last_directory:
color = random.choice([#99, #009900, #99])
last_directory = directory
# divide files names into path and extention
path, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
# choose the extention you would like to see in the list
if ext == .txt:
print file
file = open(file)
fileContent = file.readlines()
# just for example, let's say I want to print the color here as
if in an html tag...
issue.write(htmlhead/headbody)
for line in fileContent:
if not line.startswith(\n):
if count == 1:
issue.write('table bgcolor='+color+' width=100%
border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0trtd')
issue.write(line)
issue.write(/td/tr/table)
count = count + 1
else:
issue.write(p)
issue.write(line)
issue.write(/p)
issue.write(/body/html)
issue.close()
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Re: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Ben Sizer wrote: Paul Boddie wrote: Ben Sizer wrote: In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones have you tried and why are they insufficient? PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with hardware advances at all. On the graphical side you can opt for OpenGL, the Python library for which is also barely maintained (though I hear work is underway behind the scenes) and doesn't provide much more than a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very popular. I can only profess familiarity with Pygame which still seems to do more or less what it always did, although I haven't kept up with the community, but I have recently released a simple game which seems to work quite well. By simple, I mean two-dimensional playing areas, pre-recorded soundtracks, retro-style gameplay. If I were to get into OpenGL, I'd look at stuff like PyQt alongside other traditional bindings, mostly because such frameworks - certainly Qt, as far as I've seen from various reports - usually incorporate a lot of effort resulting from a serious amount of developer attention to integrating such technologies and making them work reliably in a number of environments. Which other frameworks are you thinking of? I know of a variety of wrappers around individual libraries, and of wrappers around 3D engines such as Irrlicht and Ogre, but not much else. If I were to consider other three-dimensional rendering technologies, I'd probably look at things like Soya 3D, Panda3D and whatever other people have dug up: http://www.vrplumber.com/py3d.py You also mentioned multimedia frameworks, and this is probably another area where there are so many projects that it's hard to pick the good ones. Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring, but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels. Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or independent site. Once upon a time I used to advocate my WebStack framework as a solution to this problem situation: WebStack applications run on BaseHTTPServer or other monolithic servers (Webware, Twisted, Zope 2, Java Servlet), but can also be deployed as CGI or in mod_python environments. The apparent response to this advocacy (which was backed up by an actual implementation) was that no-one needed such flexibility: an opinion somewhat at odds with actual practice if you consider widely-deployed applications such as ViewCVS/ViewVC, Trac, MoinMoin, and so on, where all of these have provided their own server abstractions at least until very recently. Since that time, WSGI has emerged as an interoperability technology, but the fundamental platform fragmentation issues remain, as everyone attempts to show how easy it is to write WSGI middleware. Moreover, the server abstractions required by widely-deployed applications are still necessary, and it is in precisely this area that framework proliferation has occurred. There are probably some hosts that will provide shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with PHP or ASP, for example. I think the attitude has been that if you're not willing to lay out the bucks (albeit not quite as much as it used to be now that virtual private servers are becoming commonplace), the big players in the frameworks scene aren't willing to pay you much attention. But as applications like ViewCVS show, many people appreciate Web application deployment on low-end hosting, and that not all Web applications are part of some big Web 2.0 rollout. And even with the full framework approach, the field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think a critical mass of users is important with any technology. I've said this a few times now, but it's worth repeating: when WSGI was proposed as the next great thing in Python Web standardisation (a topic in which no-one had any substantial interest until PHP/Ruby were considered ahead of Python in certain much-discussed decisions), it was formulated in such a way as to stay off the turf already occupied by the significant Python frameworks of the time. The consequence of that decision has been a slight, one centimetre upward movement of the Python Web scene's healthy competition in the entire framework stack. I'm in a similar situation to the
