Re: difference between urllib2.urlopen and firefox view 'page source'?
cjl wrote: Hi. I am trying to screen scrape some stock data from yahoo, so I am trying to use urllib2 to retrieve the html and beautiful soup for the parsing. Maybe (most likely) I am doing something wrong, but when I use urllib2.urlopen to fetch a page, and when I view 'page source' of the exact same URL in firefox, I am seeing slight differences in the raw html. Do I need to set a browser agent so yahoo thinks urllib2 is firefox? Is yahoo detecting that urllib2 doesn't process javascript, and passing different data? -cjl Unless the data you you need depends on the site detecting a specific browser you will probably receive a 'cleaner' code that's more easily parsed if you don't set a user agent. Usually the browser optimization they do is just eye candy, bells and whistles anyway in order to give you a more 'pleasing experience'. I doubt that your program will care about that ;) Tina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anything available that can read Microsoft .MDB files from Python?
What MDBtools did you install? The RPM, a checkout from CVS, or the downloadable distribution? They're all different. The one that comes with ubuntu edgy. Just apt-get install mdbtools or something, that's it. I don't want to start a distro war here - but I always found the RPM-based distros lacking, to say the least. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When is List Comprehension inappropriate?
BJörn Lindqvist: While they may be faster, Psyco is great here. Also, if you have lots of 2d-loops like for x in something: for y in something:, then it could be more beautiful to separate the iteration from the task: def iterimage(im, width, height, step = 1): for y in range(0, height, step): for x in range(0, width, step): yield (x, y), im.getpixel((x, y)) Just a note: Psyco usually isn't able to speed up generators (ShedSkin recently has hadded a support of them too, and it seem fast enough). Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anything available that can read Microsoft .MDB files from Python?
Try installing it from source. Perhaps getting a newer verion is all you would need. If at that point you find there is a bug, report it. Diez B. Roggisch wrote: What MDBtools did you install? The RPM, a checkout from CVS, or the downloadable distribution? They're all different. The one that comes with ubuntu edgy. Just apt-get install mdbtools or something, that's it. I don't want to start a distro war here - but I always found the RPM-based distros lacking, to say the least. Diez -- Shane Geiger IT Director National Council on Economic Education [EMAIL PROTECTED] | 402-438-8958 | http://www.ncee.net Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy begin:vcard fn:Shane Geiger n:Geiger;Shane org:National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) adr:Suite 215;;201 N. 8th Street;Lincoln;NE;68508;United States email;internet:[EMAIL PROTECTED] title:IT Director tel;work:402-438-8958 x-mozilla-html:FALSE url:http://www.ncee.net version:2.1 end:vcard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anything available that can read Microsoft .MDB files from Python?
Terry Reedy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] | I've read .MDB files using ODBC. I don't know how big your files are, | but I had a file with almost 3000 rows and I was able to fetch it in | 1-2 seconds. If you want to give it whirl, you just need to create an | ODBC connection and then do the following: I'll just mention that OpenOffice.org Base can make ODBC connections and output in several formats. Don't know if their ODBC works with .MDB. I just tried opening an mdb file from Open Office under Ubuntu. No problems whatsoever except that the pulldown for 'Connect to an existing database' listed 'Microsoft Access' twice. (This was a completely standard, never before run, copy of Base.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python java
hi i am fresher i python can any bady tell me who i will use python in web technologies in java base application. what it roll sandeep patil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class
Steven D'Aprano a écrit :
On Mon, 19 Mar 2007 19:48:37 +1100, Ben Finney wrote:
It's also best to inherit every class from another class, leading to a
single hierarchy for all classes and types. 'object' is the one to
choose if you don't want the behaviour of any other class.
What's wrong with old-style classes?
Almost everything. That's why Python 2.2 introduced new-style classes.
IIRC it was some 6 years ago now.
On the plus side:
- Why inherit from something if you don't need to?
You don't have to inherit. You can also make a class new-style by
setting it's __metaclass__ attribute properly. But that's more typing !-)
- Less typing.
Lol. Six keystrokes in the worst case.
- Attribute-lookup is much faster, perhaps as much as twice as fast.
http://www.python.org/~jeremy/weblog/030506.html
This was in 2003. Did you bother testing now ? with Python 2.4.4:
class Old:
... def __init__(self):
... self.attr = old
...
class New(object):
... def __init__(self):
... self.attr = new
...
from timeit import Timer
told = Timer('old.attr', 'from __main__ import Old; old=Old()')
tnew = Timer('new.attr', 'from __main__ import New; new=New()')
told.repeat()
[0.40867519378662109, 0.39075493812561035, 0.38998913764953613]
tnew.repeat()
[0.58840394020080566, 0.5948030948638916, 0.36941695213317871]
Not really twice as fast AFAICT.
Now if you're really favor raw speed over expressivity, then you might
wan to choose another language.
- Documentation on old style classes is more extensive.
Since new-style classes are backward compatible with old-style ones,
almost all the old-style classes documentation applies to new-style ones
as well. Everything else is quite well documented too:
http://www.python.org/doc/newstyle/
- You can't use new style classes for exceptions.
Exceptions are new-style classes in 2.5.
On the minus side:
- Properties don't work as you expect them too.
properties don't work. Period. Properties rely on the descriptor
protocol, which only works with new-style classes.
- Slots don't work at all.
- no support for the descriptor protocol
- no __getattribute__
- no metaclasses
- no proper constructor
- no classmethod
- no super()
In other words, the only reason why you HAVE to use a new style class is
that you need properties or __slots__.
The reason why you have to use new-style classes is that it's the
official Python object model since december 2001 - old-style classes
being kept for compatibility. The reason why you want to use them is
that they provide everything old-style classes did, and *way much more*.
FWIW, if Python didn't have this powerful object model, I would have
switched to another language long ago. And I'm probably not the only one.
You might WANT to use a new style
class to inherit from built-in types.
Since builtin types are all new-style classes, any class inheriting from
a builtin is a new-style class. FWIW, that's one of the reason for the
object model changes way back in 2001.
Otherwise, the choice between old
and new is not very important.
Your opinion. Too bad you're missing some of the most powerful parts of
the language.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python java
See www.*jython*.org On 20 Mar 2007 02:23:07 -0700, sandeep patil [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi i am fresher i python can any bady tell me who i will use python in web technologies in java base application. what it roll sandeep patil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Regards-- Rishi Pathak National PARAM Supercomputing Facility Center for Development of Advanced Computing(C-DAC) Pune University Campus,Ganesh Khind Road Pune-Maharastra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: XML based programming language
Don't you think the lex/yacc combo is complex even in anything in real-life? If real-life means: C++, then yes, it is impossible :) If real-life means: some domain specific language, then it is ok. The XML tree simplification implementations (as Elementtree can be considered) has other complex tasks to do. I fully agree. Perhaps I need a validating parser with user-definable hooks for semantic actions. This would be a layer on top of Elementtree. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: python java
Jython is written in pure java. You can use java classes inside python and also can use python classes inside java You can write applets too in python using jython. It converts your python code in java code. On 20 Mar 2007 10:06:00 -, sandeep patil [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: what diff betn python jython On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 rishi pathak wrote : See www.*jython*.org On 20 Mar 2007 02:23:07 -0700, sandeep patil [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi i am fresher i python can any bady tell me who i will use python in web technologies in java base application. what it roll sandeep patil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Regards-- Rishi Pathak National PARAM Supercomputing Facility Center for Development of Advanced Computing(C-DAC) Pune University Campus,Ganesh Khind Road Pune-Maharastra [image: Diageo]http://adworks.rediff.com/cgi-bin/AdWorks/click.cgi/www.rediff.com/signature-home.htm/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/1119380_1113690/1118605/1?PARTNER=3OAS_QUERY=null+target=new+ -- Regards-- Rishi Pathak National PARAM Supercomputing Facility Center for Development of Advanced Computing(C-DAC) Pune University Campus,Ganesh Khind Road Pune-Maharastra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Create TarFile using string buffers
En Mon, 19 Mar 2007 21:55:30 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: Thanks. It almost works. The problem is I don't know the size of the file until it has finished streaming. It looks like the tar file format need the file size written at the beginning :( Yes, maybe because it's originally a tape format. Anyway it could be done; addfile() could seek back to the header and patch it after the file size is known... -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When is List Comprehension inappropriate?
Alex Martelli wrote: BJörn Lindqvist [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... even2 = [(pos, col) for pos, col in iterimage(im, width, height, 2)] list(iterimage(etc etc)) is surely a better way to express identical semantics. More generally, [x for x in whatever] (whether x is a single name or gets peculiarly unpacked and repacked like here) is a good example of inappropriate LC, to get back to the question in the subject: list(whatever) is the one obvious way to perform the same task. Clearly the comprehension you complain about is sub-optimal. The essential difference, however, is between [x for x in iterimage(im, width, height, 2)] and list(iterimage(im, width, height, 2)) I agree that the latter is the obvious way, but the difference isn't as large as your leap makes it look - and we had to await the invention of the generator expression for it to be a practical choice. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://del.icio.us/steve.holden Recent Ramblings http://holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: XML based programming language
stefaan wrote: All of these are grammar-specifications that allow you to define the structure of your XML-documents with more constraints. Ok, I should have foreseen the schema checker answer...my point really is that yacc can do even more than just checking the conformance to a grammar. It also allows me to specify semantic actions, e.g. to help in building an abstract syntax tree from the concrete syntax tree, or to implement a very basic interpreter... mock example: inputdefinevar name=a value=10/definevar name=b value=12 / /input outputsum arg1=a arg2=b//output No schema checker can take this specification and simply output 22. XSLT might be able to implement it, but it is complex for anything real-life. Elementtree can immediately give me the concrete syntax tree, but any semantic actions have to be implemented during a manually programmed tree traversal. Yep, they have. But to be brutally honest: I haven't felt the need to go with semantic actions when using e.g. ANTLR. IMHO it only works for small examples like the one above. The mixing of syntactic structure definition together with real code gets really messy, and you are very rigid regarding even smaller grammar changes. The very moment you are getting more complex, you want an AST, and work upon that. It will be much easier and robust to work on it, even if you alter your grammar a bit. And XML _is_ your AST, and working on it means... writing code. *If* there was anything as yacc regarding semantic actions, it would be an extension to XSD or any other schema. I'm not aware of such a beast. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python java
sandeep patil wrote: hi i am fresher i python can any bady tell me who i will use python in web technologies in java base application. what it roll No idea where who rolls to whom, but you should check out jython: http://www.jython.org/ Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
Blerch! Why not just call the modules by the right names in the first place? Then each will have its own sys.modules entry for a start ... regards Steve what do i need to do? also, is there a way I can load each one as I have but each one have its own unique entry in sys.modules? For example i could load Person from Person (in alpha) as, Person_Alpha or something like that in sys.modules? not sure how I might do that. Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
En Tue, 20 Mar 2007 07:40:53 -0300, abcd [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: Blerch! Why not just call the modules by the right names in the first place? Then each will have its own sys.modules entry for a start ... what do i need to do? also, is there a way I can load each one as I have but each one have its own unique entry in sys.modules? For example i could load Person from Person (in alpha) as, Person_Alpha or something like that in sys.modules? not sure how I might do that. Use the as clause when importing; it's almost the same phrase you wrote above: from alpha.Person import Person as Person_Alpha or something like that. alpha should be a package, as someone already said. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Displaying EPS in a GUI
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (V) wrote: V Does anybody know of a good way to display Encapsulated Postscript V images in a GUI? I'm currently using wx, but would be perfectly V willing to switch to another binding to keep the program from becoming V hackish. You need e Postscript interpreter, e.g. Ghostscript. If you have Ghostscript installed PIL can read EPS images. Then they can be converted to wx images: http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/WorkingWithImages -- Piet van Oostrum [EMAIL PROTECTED] URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4] Private email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
abcd wrote: Blerch! Why not just call the modules by the right names in the first place? Then each will have its own sys.modules entry for a start ... regards Steve what do i need to do? also, is there a way I can load each one as I have but each one have its own unique entry in sys.modules? For example i could load Person from Person (in alpha) as, Person_Alpha or something like that in sys.modules? not sure how I might do that. Thanks! The easiest way to proceed is simply to call the .py files by different names - then they automatically get theor own sys.modules entry. [sys.modules is a dictionary where you can look modules up by name. it's helpful to ensure each module gets its own entry, and the presence of the entry is how the system avoids unnecessary reloading of modules]. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://del.icio.us/steve.holden Recent Ramblings http://holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
abcd [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: nevermind this took care of it: import sys def tryAllThree(): a = c:\\alpha b = c:\\beta g = c:\\gamma sys.path.append(a) import Person alpha = Person.Person() To avoid this confusion, follow PEP 8 URL:http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/; in particular, name your classes with TitleCase and name your modules (i.e., name the files that contain the code) with lowercase. import person alpha_person = person.Person() As to the original question, you've already seen the answer: from alpha import person alpha_person = person.Person() from beta import person beta = person.Person() from gamma import person gamma_person = person.Person() -- \ If I ever get real rich, I hope I'm not real mean to poor | `\ people, like I am now. -- Jack Handey | _o__) | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List to string
Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Mon, 19 Mar 2007 13:11:09 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: There's no cast in Python. It would make no sens in a dynamically typed language, where type informations belong to the LHS of a binding, not the RHS. Surely you have left and right mixed up? (rereading) (ashamed) Obviously, yes. Thanks for the correction. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pycron for windows - please help
heh... didn't think about that... thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Bullet proof passing numeric values from NMEA data stream.
Folks,
I am looking for a fast but most importantly a bullet proof method to pass
and NMEA data stream (GPS output) ascii numeric strings. The best I can
offer is:
def fint(a):
try: return int(float(a))
except: return 0
The reason for this is the quality of the data from the huge variety of
GPS units available varies considerably. Some units do not follow the
standard and I want to pass the data as best I can without hanging the
code for an oddball data value.
Can anyone suggest better?
For example, each of the following throw the exception so do not return
the correct value:
int('00.')
int(' 00.')
float('- 00')
float(' - 00')
float(' - 00')
float(' - 00.')
float('- 00.')
float('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
int('- 10.')
int('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
int('1.0')
Also, why should I consider the string module? Is it faster/better?
TIA,
Doug
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class
On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 10:28:10 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: [deploying weapons of mass snippage] Otherwise, the choice between old and new is not very important. Your opinion. Too bad you're missing some of the most powerful parts of the language. Yes, it is my opinion, and it seems that in your zeal to defend new-style classes against an imaginary attack, you've completely misunderstood what my opinion is. I'm not against new-style classes. I do use new-style classes. There are a whole lot of extra features that new-style classes have that old-style classes don't have, some of which I didn't even think of. (Thanks for pointing them out, and I'm not being sarcastic.) There are plenty of reasons for preferring new style classes. If those reasons hold for you, then of course you should use new style classes. But that's not the same thing as saying that you should use new style classes *even when you don't care about those features*. I never once suggested that new style classes are unnecessary, or a waste of time, or bad, or whatever else you seem to think I was saying. My point was, if you don't _need_ a new style class, there is no reason to avoid using an old style class. It is a purely personal choice. There seems to be a misunderstanding that classic classes have been depreciated. They certainly have not. We've been told that old style classes will eventually disappear, probably in Python 3. That is not the same thing at all. The docs are very careful to avoid saying that old style classes are depreciated. (See, for example http://docs.python.org/ref/node33.html) What I predict is that under the hood, Python 3 will complete the job of unifying types and classes. The distinction between classic classes and new style classes will go away. All classes will behave the same, whether you write class X: or class X(): or class X(object): or whatever syntax Python 3 uses for defining classes. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to send
Hi, i have created an application in pygtk. The application creates files with its own file type and extensions and saves them. I would like to extend the application to be able to send these files over WLAN. I would use the application in my Nokia 770 Internet tablet and send the files from one tablet to the other. Does anybody know how to make python application send files over the WLAN. Best regards Admir _ Schlagerfeber på MSN! http://festival.msn.se/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List to string
On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 13:01:36 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Mon, 19 Mar 2007 13:11:09 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: There's no cast in Python. It would make no sens in a dynamically typed language, where type informations belong to the LHS of a binding, not the RHS. Surely you have left and right mixed up? (rereading) (ashamed) Obviously, yes. Thanks for the correction. That's okay, I have a big L and R written on the bottom of my shoes. Of course, they didn't do me any good until I got a L and R tattooed on my feet. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
thanks for the help. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Eureka moments in Python
On Tue, 13 Mar 2007 18:16:15 +1100, Steven D'Aprano wrote: I'd be interested in hearing people's stories of Eureka moments in Python, moments where you suddenly realise that some task which seemed like it would be hard work was easy with Python. Mine was the discovery of the pybluez module. I had been sweating the task of interfacing a bluetooth GPS unit to my python applicaton. I googled for 'python bluetooth GPS' and found 20 lines of python code that had the interface up and running before breakfast. This included the package install with 'yum install pybluez' in Fedora Core 5. See: http://www.robertprice.co.uk/robblog/archive/2007/1/Using_A_Bluetooth_GPS_From_Python.shtml Doug Gray -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class
On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 10:28:10 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers complained about classic classes: What's wrong with old-style classes? Almost everything. That's rather an exaggeration, don't you think? They have methods, and inheritance, and attributes, all the critical features of classes, and work perfectly well even if they don't support the more advanced features. - Documentation on old style classes is more extensive. Since new-style classes are backward compatible with old-style ones, Then almost everything is wrong with new style classes too? *wink* almost all the old-style classes documentation applies to new-style ones as well. Everything else is quite well documented too: http://www.python.org/doc/newstyle/ On that very page, the first sentence says: Unfortunately, new-style classes have not yet been integrated into Python's standard documention. complete with spelling mistake. On the minus side: - Properties don't work as you expect them too. properties don't work. Period. Properties rely on the descriptor protocol, which only works with new-style classes. Non-data descriptors (e.g. properties with only a getter) work fine. It is only data descriptors (those with both a getter and a setter) that don't work correctly. - no metaclasses Metaclasses worked all the way back in Python 1.5, although they were painful and brain-exploding. http://www.python.org/doc/essays/metaclasses - no classmethod Guido's own documentation for classmethods and staticmethods uses classic classes. See http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#staticmethods But don't just take his word for it, try it for yourself *wink* -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bullet proof passing numeric values from NMEA data stream.
Doug Gray wrote:
Folks,
I am looking for a fast but most importantly a bullet proof method to pass
and NMEA data stream (GPS output) ascii numeric strings. The best I can
offer is:
def fint(a):
try: return int(float(a))
except: return 0
The reason for this is the quality of the data from the huge variety of
GPS units available varies considerably. Some units do not follow the
standard and I want to pass the data as best I can without hanging the
code for an oddball data value.
Can anyone suggest better?
For example, each of the following throw the exception so do not return
the correct value:
int('00.')
int(' 00.')
float('- 00')
float(' - 00')
float(' - 00')
float(' - 00.')
float('- 00.')
float('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
int('- 10.')
int('- 10.')
float('- 10.')
int('1.0')
Also, why should I consider the string module? Is it faster/better?
TIA,
Doug
Try something like
def fint(s):
return float(s.replace( , ))
I really don't think it's a good idea to silently ignore conversion
errors in GPS positioning.
regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
Recent Ramblings http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with sockets and python 2.5
Jose Alberto Reguero wrote: 2: server.py at x86_64 python 2.5 client.py at i386 python 2.4 Don't work What do you mean with don't work? They crash? Your machine hungs? Your house explodes? You'd be more specific in the error you get, and what behaviour you expect. Regards, -- . Facundo . Blog: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog/ PyAr: http://www.python.org/ar/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to copy a ClassObject?
Hi all, how would one make a copy of a class object? Let's say I have: class First: name = 'First' And then I write: tmp = First then 'tmp' becomes just a reference to First, so if I write tmp.name = Tmp, there goes my First.name. So, how to make 'tmp' a copy of First, I tried using copy.copy and copy.deepcopy, but that doesn't work. P.S. Yes, I can do a: class tmp(First): pass but I'd rather make a copy than a subclass. Thanks. -- ___Karlo Lozovina - Mosor | | |.-.-. web: http://www.mosor.net || ICQ#: 10667163 | || _ | _ | Parce mihi domine quia Dalmata sum. |__|_|__||_|_| -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When is List Comprehension inappropriate?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: list(iterimage(etc etc)) is surely a better way to express identical semantics. More generally, [x for x in whatever] (whether x is a single name or gets peculiarly unpacked and repacked like here) is a good example of inappropriate LC, to get back to the question in the subject: list(whatever) is the one obvious way to perform the same task. Except of course, when it's [x for x in whatever if x] I'm exceedingly fond of replacing filter() with listcomps. They're so much more readable and often faster. -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Still the __new__ hell ...
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: basestring is a *type*. basestring type 'basestring' It's the base class of which both str and unicode are subclasses. I believe it used to be a tuple back in Python 2.2 (sorry, don't have a Python 2.2 installation to check this right now). Python 2.2.2 (#1, Feb 24 2003, 19:13:11) [GCC 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-4)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. basestring Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'basestring' is not defined -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How many connections can accept a 'binded' socket?
Hi, I'm writing a small asyncore-based server application serving a lot of clients. When I have to handle more than 1021 client simoultaneously the 'binded' socket object raises an error: [...] connections: 1018 connections: 1019 connections: 1020 connections: 1021 Traceback (most recent call last): File asyncore_client.py, line 31, in module File asyncore.py, line 191, in loop File asyncore.py, line 138, in poll File asyncore.py, line 80, in write File asyncore.py, line 76, in write File asyncore.py, line 395, in handle_write_event File asyncore_client.py, line 24, in handle_connect File asyncore_client.py, line 9, in __init__ File asyncore.py, line 257, in create_socket File socket.py, line 156, in __init__ socket.error: (24, 'Too many open files') I just wanna know: is there a way to know how many connections can accept a 'binded' socket BEFORE getting such error? Maybe socket.SOMAXCONN could help me? Thanks in advance. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many connections can accept a 'binded' socket?
billiejoex a écrit : Hi, I'm writing a small asyncore-based server application serving a lot of clients. When I have to handle more than 1021 client simoultaneously the 'binded' socket object raises an error: [...] connections: 1018 connections: 1019 connections: 1020 connections: 1021 Traceback (most recent call last): File asyncore_client.py, line 31, in module File asyncore.py, line 191, in loop File asyncore.py, line 138, in poll File asyncore.py, line 80, in write File asyncore.py, line 76, in write File asyncore.py, line 395, in handle_write_event File asyncore_client.py, line 24, in handle_connect File asyncore_client.py, line 9, in __init__ File asyncore.py, line 257, in create_socket File socket.py, line 156, in __init__ socket.error: (24, 'Too many open files') I just wanna know: is there a way to know how many connections can accept a 'binded' socket BEFORE getting such error? Maybe socket.SOMAXCONN could help me? Here you get out of file descriptors, I dont think SOMAXCONN would help. Under Linux (maybe Unix), there is ulimit -n nnn to setup the maximum number of files descriptors. I don't know its upper limit (maybe a kernel compile time information). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bullet proof passing numeric values from NMEA data stream.
On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 12:09:29 +, Doug Gray wrote:
Folks,
I am looking for a fast but most importantly a bullet proof method to pass
and NMEA data stream (GPS output) ascii numeric strings. The best I can
offer is:
def fint(a):
try: return int(float(a))
except: return 0
Will your application calculate the wrong results if it starts getting a
whole lot of spurious zeroes? Wouldn't it better to signal this value is
invalid rather than a false zero?
Do you actually want ints? It seems to me that if your data stream is
delivering floats, you're throwing away a lot of data. For example, if the
data stream is:
2.4, 5.7, 3.9, 5.1, ...
you're getting:
2, 5, 3, 5, ...
which is possibly not even the right way to convert to ints. Shouldn't you
be rounding to nearest (i.e. 2, 6, 4, 5, ...)?
[snip]
For example, each of the following throw the exception so do not return
the correct value:
[snip examples]
All your examples include spurious whitespace. If that is the only
problem, here's a simple fix:
def despace(s):
Remove whitespace from string s.
return
def fix_data(value):
Fix a GPS value string and return as a float.
return float(''.join(value.split()))
If only a few values are malformed, you might find this is faster:
def fix_data2(value):
try:
return float(value)
except ValueError:
return float(''.join(value.split()))
Only measurement with actual realistic data will tell you which is faster.
If you expect to get random non-numeric characters, then here's another
solution:
import string
# initialize some global data
table = string.maketrans(, ) # all 8 bit characters
keep = 1234567890.-+
dontkeep = ''.join([c for c in table if c not in keep])
def fix_data3(value):
try: # a fast conversion first
return float(value)
except ValueError: # fall-back conversion
return float(string.translate(value, table, don'tkeep))
Once you've built the character tables, the translate function itself is
executed in C and is very fast.
Also, why should I consider the string module? Is it faster/better?
Most of the time you should use string methods, e.g.:
hello world.upper()
instead of
string.upper(hello world)
The only time you should use the string module is when you need one of the
functions (or data objects) that don't exist as string methods (e.g.
translate).
--
Steven.
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Re: How to copy a ClassObject?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Karlo Lozovina wrote: how would one make a copy of a class object? Let's say I have: class First: name = 'First' And then I write: tmp = First then 'tmp' becomes just a reference to First, so if I write tmp.name = Tmp, there goes my First.name. So, how to make 'tmp' a copy of First, I tried using copy.copy and copy.deepcopy, but that doesn't work. P.S. Yes, I can do a: class tmp(First): pass but I'd rather make a copy than a subclass. Why? Python isn't a prototype based programming language. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to copy a ClassObject?
Karlo Lozovina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]:
how would one make a copy of a class object? Let's say I have:
class First:
name = 'First'
And then I write:
tmp = First
Silly me, posted a question without Googling first ;. This seems to be
the answer to my question:
import new
class First:
name = 'First'
tmp = new.classobj('tmp', (First,), {})
After this, tmp is a copy of First, and modifying tmp.name will not affect
First.name.
P.S.
If my code is somehow mistaken and might not function properly in all
cases, please correct me.
Bye,
klm.
--
___Karlo Lozovina - Mosor
| | |.-.-. web: http://www.mosor.net || ICQ#: 10667163
| || _ | _ | Parce mihi domine quia Dalmata sum.
|__|_|__||_|_|
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Re: Bullet proof passing numeric values from NMEA data stream.
On Wed, 21 Mar 2007 00:29:00 +1100, Steven D'Aprano wrote: All your examples include spurious whitespace. If that is the only problem, here's a simple fix: def despace(s): Remove whitespace from string s. return Gah! Ignore that stub. I forgot to delete it :( While I'm at it, here's another solution: simply skip invalid values, using a pair of iterators, one to collect raw values from the device and one to strip out the invalid results. def raw_data(): Generator to collect raw data and pass it on. while 1: # grab a single value value = grab_data_value_from_somewhere() if value is : # Some special END TRANSMISSION value. return yield value def converter(stream): Generator to strip out values that can't be converted to float. for value in stream: try: yield float(value) except ValueError: pass values_safe_to_use = converter(raw_data()) for value in values_safe_to_use: print value Naturally you can extend the converter to try harder to convert the string to a float before giving up. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with sockets and python 2.5
On Mar 20, 10:05 am, Facundo Batista [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Jose Alberto Reguero wrote: 2: server.py at x86_64 python 2.5 client.py at i386 python 2.4 Don't work What do you mean with don't work? They crash? Your machine hungs? Your house explodes? Traceback (most recent call last): File server.py, line 1, in module DontWorkError: YOUR HEAD A SPLODE! :D FZ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
help - Module needs access to another module
I have the following directory/file structure... c:\foo\utils.py c:\foo\bar\ok.py In ok.py I want to do something like... import utils utils.helpMeDoSomething() However, it seems that ok.py doesn't know about utils. Other than manually configuring sys.path what can I do? thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bullet proof passing numeric values from NMEA data stream.
On Wed, 21 Mar 2007 00:29:00 +1100, Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 12:09:29 +, Doug Gray wrote: Folks, I am looking for a fast but most importantly a bullet proof method to pass and NMEA data stream (GPS output) ascii numeric strings. The best I can offer is: def fint(a): try: return int(float(a)) except: return 0 Will your application calculate the wrong results if it starts getting a whole lot of spurious zeroes? Wouldn't it better to signal this value is invalid rather than a false zero? Do you actually want ints? It seems to me that if your data stream is delivering floats, you're throwing away a lot of data. For example, if the data stream is: 2.4, 5.7, 3.9, 5.1, ... you're getting: 2, 5, 3, 5, ... which is possibly not even the right way to convert to ints. Shouldn't you be rounding to nearest (i.e. 2, 6, 4, 5, ...)? [snip] Thanks, a very helpful response. I'll need some time to fully digest. Yes I will need a float variant, the int version was by way of example. I can deal with the rounding etc as necessary, but I was after an pythonistic view of the generic problem. Re the examples: whitespace and mal positioned signs and decimal point would be the obvious errors I might expect but of course this is speculation. The few GPS units I have tried have all tripped up my first cut less tolerant code. I am going to revise the interface to work around potential problems and my preliminary test efforts highlighted more exceptions than I expected. Doug -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help - Module needs access to another module
abcd wrote: I have the following directory/file structure... c:\foo\utils.py c:\foo\bar\ok.py In ok.py I want to do something like... import utils utils.helpMeDoSomething() However, it seems that ok.py doesn't know about utils. Other than manually configuring sys.path what can I do? After a bunch of questions of that kind, I suggest you take a step back, and read this: http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to copy a ClassObject?
Karlo Lozovina wrote:
Yes, I can do a:
class tmp(First):
pass
but I'd rather make a copy than a subclass.
tmp = new.classobj('tmp', (First,), {})
That line creates a subclass just as the simpler approach you gave above.
Peter
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Re: python QT or python-GTK
Dennis Lee Bieber a écrit : Not enough experience here... I do know I never liked applications targeted to the Gnome look, preferring KDE... So... which toolkit did those desktops favor? wxWidgets, as I recall, is supposed to attempt to look native on each OS. Well, wxWidgets targets the Gnome look ( it means it uses GTK on Linux ) and not the KDE look so I guess you wouldn't like wxWidgets either :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help - Module needs access to another module
On Mar 20, 9:58 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: After a bunch of questions of that kind, I suggest you take a step back, and read this: http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html got it, thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help - Module needs access to another module
On Tue, 2007-03-20 at 06:46 -0700, abcd wrote: I have the following directory/file structure... c:\foo\utils.py c:\foo\bar\ok.py In ok.py I want to do something like... import utils utils.helpMeDoSomething() However, it seems that ok.py doesn't know about utils. Other than manually configuring sys.path what can I do? Why would you want to do something other than changing sys.path? Except for physically moving utils to somewhere that's already on the path, changing the path is cleanest way to handle this situation. -Carsten -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to copy a ClassObject?
Karlo Lozovina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
After this, tmp is a copy of First, and modifying tmp.name will not
affect First.name.
As Peter said, it's not a copy, its a subclass.
Modifying tmp.name would affect First.name (although in your example it is
immutable so you cannot modify it).
Also, rebinding First.name will change the value you see in tmp.name
whereas rebinding tmp.name will hide the copy inherited from First.name (so
a later del would restore it).
If my code is somehow mistaken and might not function properly in all
cases, please correct me.
Consider yourself corrected.
You could do what you are attempting with:
tmp = new.classobj('tmp', First.__bases__, dict(First.__dict__))
which creates a new class named 'tmp' with the same base classes and a copy
of First's __dict__ except that the __name__ attribute for the new class
will be set to 'tmp'. The attribute values are still shared between the
classes (which is significant only if they are mutable), but otherwise they
won't be sharing state.
I have no idea why you would want to do this, nor even why you would want a
'name' attribute when Python already gives you '__name__'.
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Re: How to send
On Mar 20, 7:21 am, Admir Saric [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, i have created an application in pygtk. The application creates files with its own file type and extensions and saves them. I would like to extend the application to be able to send these files over WLAN. I would use the application in my Nokia 770 Internet tablet and send the files from one tablet to the other. Does anybody know how to make python application send files over the WLAN. Best regards Admir _ Schlagerfeber på MSN!http://festival.msn.se/ Probably the easiest way to do this would be to use either the socket module or the smtp module Sockets: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/sockets/ http://www.quepublishing.com/articles/article.asp?p=686162rl=1 SMTP: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52243 You could even do FTP: http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/711 Good luck! Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Still the __new__ hell ...
En Tue, 20 Mar 2007 10:16:30 -0300, Aahz [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: basestring is a *type*. I believe it used to be a tuple back in Python 2.2 (sorry, don't have a Python 2.2 installation to check this right now). Python 2.2.2 (#1, Feb 24 2003, 19:13:11) [GCC 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-4)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. basestring Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'basestring' is not defined On 2.2 it appeared types.StringTypes == (str,unicode) -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Subject line with smtplib.sendmail()
Hey, I'm trying to send mail from my server to my machine with test results. I can send the email no problem however, the email doesn't contain a recipient list or a subject line. I was wondering how would I go about getting the information on the actual To and Subject lines so that I know to whom the email was sent and the subject line without opening the email? Thanks in advance for the help. Emile Boudreau This message may contain privileged and/or confidential information. If you have received this e-mail in error or are not the intended recipient, you may not use, copy, disseminate or distribute it; do not open any attachments, delete it immediately from your system and notify the sender promptly by e-mail that you have done so. Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pycron for windows - please help
Here's something else you should consider: Look at the source code of
pycron. I just downloaded it. Much to my surprise, this is implemented
in about 115 lines of code.
In particular, look at the run() function. You should try adding a
try-except block around the system call to get a hint as to where the
problem lies:
try:
os.system('start ' + command)
except:
print Unexpected error to catch:,
sys.exc_info()[0]
I've been trying to use it myself (on a Mac) since I saw you mention it
on the mailing list. I'm also having problems using pycron. Email me
directly if you figure out the problem. I'll do the same for you.
Gabriel Genellina wrote:
En Mon, 19 Mar 2007 16:00:04 -0300, Al [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió:
I looked in the pycron.log file, and I noticed that for the entires of
my new job, I see rc=4 and the end of each line. All other jobs have
rc=0 at the end of the line. I assume then, that rc=4 is a reference
to an error code of some kind, but there is no information on this in
the readme.txt, at the pycron website, or here in groups.
Does anyone know how to troubleshhot this? Thanks in advance.
Contacting the author?
--
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IT Director
National Council on Economic Education
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | 402-438-8958 | http://www.ncee.net
Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy
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title:IT Director
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Re: class objects, method objects, function objects
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: it(the -- argument list, not the object -- ) is unpacked again no, it refers to the bound method object, as 7stud would have realized if he'd read the entire paragraph. here's the relevant portion: /.../ a method object is created by packing (pointers to) the instance object and the function object just found together in an abstract object: this is the method object. When the method object is called with an argument list, it is unpacked again /.../ /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Punit v 0.1 - Python CD ripper
Here's the initial release of my personal open source project to create a Python CD ripper in Linux. Punit is a Audio CD ripper for Linux using cdparanoia, LAME and CDDB.py (http://cddb-py.sourceforge.net/) http://www.programmingmind.com/bryan/punit.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail()
Boudreau, Emile wrote: I'm trying to send mail from my server to my machine with test results. I can send the email no problem however, the email doesn't contain a recipient list or a subject line. I was wondering how would I go about getting the information on the actual To and Subject lines so that I know to whom the email was sent and the subject line without opening the email? you have to add the headers yourself. see the example in the library reference, or this FAQ entry: http://effbot.org/pyfaq/how-do-i-send-mail-from-a-python-script /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When is List Comprehension inappropriate?
Aahz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: list(iterimage(etc etc)) is surely a better way to express identical semantics. More generally, [x for x in whatever] (whether x is a single name or gets peculiarly unpacked and repacked like here) is a good example of inappropriate LC, to get back to the question in the subject: list(whatever) is the one obvious way to perform the same task. Except of course, when it's [x for x in whatever if x] I'm exceedingly fond of replacing filter() with listcomps. They're so much more readable and often faster. Sure, if there are other clauses in the LC (be they for or if ones) you can't just call list(...) -- and I do entirely agree that filter can be put out to pasture. Similarly, you need the LC if you're performing some processing on the items -- for example, if you have an iterator yielding pairs, [(y,x) for x,y in whatever] you do need the unpacking and repacking to achieve this swapping of items within each pair -- what I was pointing out was re the simpler and most common case: [(x,y) for x,y in whatever] no processing needed, no if clauses, etc, and thus better expressed as list(whatever) Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Still the __new__ hell ...
Aahz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: basestring is a *type*. basestring type 'basestring' It's the base class of which both str and unicode are subclasses. I believe it used to be a tuple back in Python 2.2 (sorry, don't have a Python 2.2 installation to check this right now). Python 2.2.2 (#1, Feb 24 2003, 19:13:11) [GCC 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-4)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. basestring Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? NameError: name 'basestring' is not defined Thanks for double checking on my vague and apparently incorrect historical memory! Obviously I must have been thinking of some _trick_ whereby one bound basestring to the pair to make isinstance on basestring work in 2.2 much as it did later, rather than an intrinsic 2.2 feature. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many connections can accept a 'binded' socket?
Laurent Pointal [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: billiejoex a écrit : Hi, I'm writing a small asyncore-based server application serving a lot of clients. When I have to handle more than 1021 client simoultaneously the 'binded' socket object raises an error: [...] connections: 1018 connections: 1019 connections: 1020 connections: 1021 Traceback (most recent call last): File asyncore_client.py, line 31, in module File asyncore.py, line 191, in loop File asyncore.py, line 138, in poll File asyncore.py, line 80, in write File asyncore.py, line 76, in write File asyncore.py, line 395, in handle_write_event File asyncore_client.py, line 24, in handle_connect File asyncore_client.py, line 9, in __init__ File asyncore.py, line 257, in create_socket File socket.py, line 156, in __init__ socket.error: (24, 'Too many open files') I just wanna know: is there a way to know how many connections can accept a 'binded' socket BEFORE getting such error? Maybe socket.SOMAXCONN could help me? Here you get out of file descriptors, I dont think SOMAXCONN would help. Under Linux (maybe Unix), there is ulimit -n nnn to setup the maximum number of files descriptors. I don't know its upper limit (maybe a kernel compile time information). A shell command ulimit -Hn should report on the hard-limit of the number of open file descriptors; just ulimit -n should report on the current soft-limit. If you're going to pass the fd's to select, as asyncore does by default, a separate limit of 1024 is unfortunately likely to apply anyway; so, once that ulimit is raised, you may want to pass argument use_poll as true to asyncore.loop. The performance of poll with a huge number of sockets may however not be all that shiny. Better mechanisms, such as epoll or kqueue, I believe, are not available for asyncore, even if your OS supports them; to serve thousands of open sockets with good performance, you may need to switch to Twisted (which offers many more implementations of the abstract Reactor interface -- you don't _have_ to use Twisted's higher layers if you don't want to). Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... There are plenty of reasons for preferring new style classes. If those reasons hold for you, then of course you should use new style classes. But that's not the same thing as saying that you should use new style classes *even when you don't care about those features*. You should always use new-style classes in order to avoid having to stop and make a decision each time you code a class -- having to stop and ask yourself do I need any of the many extra features of new-style classes here, or will legacy classes suffice? each and every time. There should ideally be only one obvious way -- and that obvious way is to always use new-style classes and avoid a feature that's there only for backwards compatibility with legacy code. It's a specific case of the general rule adopt good habits as routines; I recommend Limoncelli's excellent treatment of that subject in his Time Management for System Administrators book. By not having to ask yourself do I really need to do X each and every time, but making it an absolute and invariant habit to always do it, as long as X is a good habit (will be useful some of the time and not damaging the rest of the time), you save yourself time-waste, aggravation, and useless expenditure of attention and mental energy. What I predict is that under the hood, Python 3 will complete the job of unifying types and classes. The distinction between classic classes and new style classes will go away. All classes will behave the same, whether you write class X: or class X(): or class X(object): or whatever syntax Python 3 uses for defining classes. Sure -- all the semantical peculiarity of legacy classes will disappear (and won't be missed). But meanwhile, no reason not to adopt good habits. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: class objects, method objects, function objects
Thanks Duncan and Dennis. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
os.wait() for Windows
Hello,
I am new to python. I am using the os module to run a command in a
bashshell. However I need this process to complete before continuing. Is
there a command that will wait for this process to complete? I am using
Windows XP and the os.wait() command only works for UNIX systems, and
therefore doesn't work.
My code is as follows:
import os
FileName = raw_input('Enter the file name: ')
os.system('abaqus job=FileName')
resultsFile = open('FileName.dat','r')
Abaqus will take a few minutes to complete and create the associated results
file. However once I run this code I get the following error ... IOError:
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'FileName.dat' ... as the file does
not exist yet. Is there any way of waiting for the job to complete before
continuing?
I'd appreciate any help.
_
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Re: Load three different modules which have the same name
Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... example i could load Person from Person (in alpha) as, Person_Alpha or something like that in sys.modules? not sure how I might do that. Use the as clause when importing; it's almost the same phrase you wrote above: from alpha.Person import Person as Person_Alpha or something like that. alpha should be a package, as someone already said. Right, but the as clause does NOT affect sys.modules -- the entry in sys.modules will still be sys.modules['alpha.Person']. I doubt this matters, but since the OP had very specifically askd about in sys.modules I thought it better to clarify. If you want to make fake entries in sys.modules you need to do that explicitly,importing sys and assigning to the entry: sys.modules['veryweird'] = extremely_tricky_stuph The only purpose of that is to fool future import veryweird statements (executed under any circumstances) to use said extremely tricky stuph. NOT recommended unless you know what you're doing. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: difference between urllib2.urlopen and firefox view 'page source'?
On Mar 20, 1:56 am, Tina I [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
cjl wrote:
Hi.
I am trying to screen scrape some stock data from yahoo, so I am
trying to use urllib2 to retrieve the html and beautiful soup for the
parsing.
Maybe (most likely) I am doing something wrong, but when I use
urllib2.urlopen to fetch a page, and when I view 'page source' of the
exact same URL in firefox, I am seeing slight differences in the raw
html.
Do I need to set a browser agent so yahoo thinks urllib2 is firefox?
Is yahoo detecting that urllib2 doesn't process javascript, and
passing different data?
-cjl
Unless the data you you need depends on the site detecting a specific
browser you will probably receive a 'cleaner' code that's more easily
parsed if you don't set a user agent. Usually the browser optimization
they do is just eye candy, bells and whistles anyway in order to give
you a more 'pleasing experience'. I doubt that your program will care
about that ;)
Tina
You can do this fairly easily. I found a similar program in the book
Core Python Programming. It actually sticks the stocks into an Excel
spreadsheet. The code is below. You can easily modify it to send the
output elsewhere.
# Core Python Chp 23, pg 994
# estock.pyw
from Tkinter import Tk
from time import sleep, ctime
from tkMessageBox import showwarning
from urllib import urlopen
import win32com.client as win32
warn = lambda app: showwarning(app, 'Exit?')
RANGE = range(3, 8)
TICKS = ('AMZN', 'AMD', 'EBAY', 'GOOG', 'MSFT', 'YHOO')
COLS = ('TICKER', 'PRICE', 'CHG', '%AGE')
URL = 'http://quote.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=%sf=sl1c1p2'
def excel():
app = 'Excel'
xl = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('%s.Application' % app)
ss = xl.Workbooks.Add()
sh = ss.ActiveSheet
xl.Visible = True
sleep(1)
sh.Cells(1, 1).Value = 'Python-to-%s Stock Quote Demo' % app
sleep(1)
sh.Cells(3, 1).Value = 'Prices quoted as of: %s' % ctime()
sleep(1)
for i in range(4):
sh.Cells(5, i+1).Value = COLS[i]
sleep(1)
sh.Range(sh.Cells(5, 1), sh.Cells(5, 4)).Font.Bold = True
sleep(1)
row = 6
u = urlopen(URL % ','.join(TICKS))
for data in u:
tick, price, chg, per = data.split(',')
sh.Cells(row, 1).Value = eval(tick)
sh.Cells(row, 2).Value = ('%.2f' % round(float(price), 2))
sh.Cells(row, 3).Value = chg
sh.Cells(row, 4).Value = eval(per.rstrip())
row += 1
sleep(1)
u.close()
warn(app)
ss.Close(False)
xl.Application.Quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
Tk().withdraw()
excel()
# Have fun - Mike
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Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
Hello My problem is that I want a Python 2.4 module on a server that is running Python 2.3. I definitely want to use the 2.4 module, and I don't want to require the server to move to Python 2.4. More exactly, I am using subprocess, which is new in Python 2.4. What I am writing is something like === from subprocess import Popen === This will fail in Python 2.3, in which case I would like to write something like === try: from subprocess import Popen else ImportError: from somewhere_else import Popen === Put this way, it is clear (to me) that somewhere_else should be python24. In other words, I'm asking for a python24 package that contains all (or most) of the modules that are new to Python 2.4. I've looked around a bit, and it seems that this formulation of the solution is new. I wonder if anyone else has encountered this problem, or has comments on my solution. -- Jonathan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.wait() for Windows
On Mar 20, 10:32 am, Damien Byrne [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello,
I am new to python. I am using the os module to run a command in a
bashshell. However I need this process to complete before continuing. Is
there a command that will wait for this process to complete? I am using
Windows XP and the os.wait() command only works for UNIX systems, and
therefore doesn't work.
My code is as follows:
import os
FileName = raw_input('Enter the file name: ')
os.system('abaqus job=FileName')
resultsFile = open('FileName.dat','r')
Abaqus will take a few minutes to complete and create the associated results
file. However once I run this code I get the following error ... IOError:
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'FileName.dat' ... as the file does
not exist yet. Is there any way of waiting for the job to complete before
continuing?
I'd appreciate any help.
_
Share folders without harming
wildlife!http://www.communicationevolved.com/en-ie/
I would recommend subprocess.call(programToRun) or
subprocess.Popen(programToRun).wait()
Mike
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Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
On Mar 20, 10:33 am, Jonathan Fine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello My problem is that I want a Python 2.4 module on a server that is running Python 2.3. I definitely want to use the 2.4 module, and I don't want to require the server to move to Python 2.4. More exactly, I am using subprocess, which is new in Python 2.4. What I am writing is something like === from subprocess import Popen === This will fail in Python 2.3, in which case I would like to write something like === try: from subprocess import Popen else ImportError: from somewhere_else import Popen === Put this way, it is clear (to me) that somewhere_else should be python24. In other words, I'm asking for a python24 package that contains all (or most) of the modules that are new to Python 2.4. I've looked around a bit, and it seems that this formulation of the solution is new. I wonder if anyone else has encountered this problem, or has comments on my solution. -- Jonathan You might be able to use the from future import SomeModule syntax to accomplish this, but I am not sure. Other than that, I would just recommend using the os.popen calls that are native to 2.3 Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
Jonathan Fine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... In other words, I'm asking for a python24 package that contains all (or most) of the modules that are new to Python 2.4. For subprocess specifically, see http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/ . I don't think anybody's ever packaged up ALL the new stuff as you require. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
making objects with individual attributes!
I have created a class:
class document:
titre = ''
haveWords = set()
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
#
doc1 = document('doc1')
doc2 = document('doc2')
doc1.haveWords.add(1)
doc2.haveWords.add(2)
print doc1.haveWords
# i get set([1, 2])
doc1 and doc are sharing attribute haveWords!
Why ??? there's a way to assign every objetc document a different
set
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Re: Eureka moments in Python
Sion Arrowsmith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
This is more a batteries included eureka moment than a Python one,
but writing a fetchmail substitute in 6 lines was an eye-opener.
On Fri, Mar 16, 2007 at 01:23:14PM -0500, someone emailed:
[This is a newsgroup/mailing list -- potentially useful information
like this should be shared, not taken to private email.]
Would you mind sharing your fetchmail substitute code with me? I'm
curious to know what that looks like.
Unfortunately, I threw it away, as it was so trivial and I only needed
a one-shot solution. I kept meaning to come back to it and add some
configurability and error checking and such (and most importantly
providing an envelope From), but never did. The general idea is to
take the POP3 example from the library reference
(http://docs.python.org/lib/pop3-example.html) and replace the inner
for loop with smtplib.SMTP('localhost').sendmail('', 'user',
'\n'.join(M.retr(i+1)[1]))
--
\S -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
___ | Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other
\X/ |-- Arthur C. Clarke
her nu becomeþ se bera eadward ofdun hlæddre heafdes bæce bump bump bump
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#!/usr/bin/env python 2.4?
Hi Folks, OK I love the logging module. I use it everywhere. I was happily putting at the top of each of my scripts --snip-- #!/usr/bin/env python2.4 import logging LOGLEVEL=logging.INFO # Set's up a basic logger logging.basicConfig(level=LOGLEVEL, format=%(asctime)s %(name)s % (levelname)-8s %(message)s, datefmt='%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', stream=sys.stderr) try: module= os.path.basename(traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[1] [0]).split(.py)[0]+. except: module = os.path.basename(traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0] [0]).split(.py)[0]+. def main(loglevel=False): # Setup Logging log = logging.getLogger(module+sys._getframe().f_code.co_name ) if loglevel is not False: log.setLevel(loglevel) else:log.setLevel(logging.WARN) log.debug(I LOVE LOGGING) if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(loglevel=LOGLEVEL)) --snip-- But now you guys continued to make this cool language and 2.5 came out. Great now how do I put /usr/bin/env python2.4? Or can you suggest a better way to skin this cat? Thanks again!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Freezing Python Apps on Linux?
I seem to recall several different applications which can create standalone binaries for python on Linux. I know freeze.py and cx_Freeze.py exist. Are these still the preferred methods of creating a stand alone binary out of a python application on Linux? Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: making objects with individual attributes!
Alejandro wrote:
I have created a class:
class document:
titre = ''
haveWords = set()
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
#
doc1 = document('doc1')
doc2 = document('doc2')
doc1.haveWords.add(1)
doc2.haveWords.add(2)
print doc1.haveWords
# i get set([1, 2])
doc1 and doc are sharing attribute haveWords!
Why ??? there's a way to assign every objetc document a different
set
Of course. Try this:
class document:
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
self.haveWords = set()
Each instance creation will call __init__ with the instance
accessible through self, and that code will create two instance
specific attributes.
Don't use so called class level attributes (as in your example)
unless you *want* sharing between all instances of a class.
Gary Herron
--
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Re: making objects with individual attributes!
On Mar 20, 11:08 am, Alejandro [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have created a class:
class document:
titre = ''
haveWords = set()
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
#
doc1 = document('doc1')
doc2 = document('doc2')
doc1.haveWords.add(1)
doc2.haveWords.add(2)
print doc1.haveWords
# i get set([1, 2])
doc1 and doc are sharing attribute haveWords!
Why ??? there's a way to assign every objetc document a different
set
You're just slightly off. The code needs to be more like this:
class document:
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
self.haveWords = set()
##
I think what you did was create some kind of global variable that was
then accessible through the namespace. But I really don't know for
sure. This code seems to work now, though.
Mike
--
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Re: making objects with individual attributes!
Alejandro wrote:
I have created a class:
class document:
titre = ''
haveWords = set()
def __init__(self, string):
self.titre = string
#
doc1 = document('doc1')
doc2 = document('doc2')
doc1.haveWords.add(1)
doc2.haveWords.add(2)
print doc1.haveWords
# i get set([1, 2])
doc1 and doc are sharing attribute haveWords!
Why ??? there's a way to assign every objetc document a different
set
Yes, by using instance-attributes instead of class-attributes, as you do.
Btw, it's common to name classes in python with a capital first letter, and
you should use new-style classes, which means you need to subclass it from
object:
class Document(object):
def __init__(self):
self.haveWords = set()
Diez
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Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 20, 10:33 am, Jonathan Fine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My problem is that I want a Python 2.4 module on a server that is running Python 2.3. I definitely want to use the 2.4 module, and I don't want to require the server to move to Python 2.4. You might be able to use the from future import SomeModule syntax to accomplish this, but I am not sure. Other than that, I would just recommend using the os.popen calls that are native to 2.3 I've already made my mind up. I want to use subprocess on both 2.3 and 2.4. To do this, 2.3 sites have to have a copy of the subprocess module. My question (snipped) is how best to package this up. best regards Jonathan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
Hi, You can't import subproces from future, only syntactic and semantic changes that will become standard feature in future python version can be activated that way. You can copy the subprocess module from python 2.4 somewhere where it will be found from python 2.3. At least subporcess is importable after that: --- snip --- [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~/ttt cp -av /usr/local/lib/python2.4/subprocess.py . »/usr/local/lib/python2.4/subprocess.py« - »./subprocess.py« [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~/ttt python2.3 Python 2.3.3 (#1, Jun 29 2004, 14:43:40) [GCC 3.3 20030226 (prerelease) (SuSE Linux)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import subprocess --- snip --- HTH, Gerald [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb: On Mar 20, 10:33 am, Jonathan Fine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello My problem is that I want a Python 2.4 module on a server that is running Python 2.3. I definitely want to use the 2.4 module, and I don't want to require the server to move to Python 2.4. More exactly, I am using subprocess, which is new in Python 2.4. What I am writing is something like === from subprocess import Popen === This will fail in Python 2.3, in which case I would like to write something like === try: from subprocess import Popen else ImportError: from somewhere_else import Popen === Put this way, it is clear (to me) that somewhere_else should be python24. In other words, I'm asking for a python24 package that contains all (or most) of the modules that are new to Python 2.4. I've looked around a bit, and it seems that this formulation of the solution is new. I wonder if anyone else has encountered this problem, or has comments on my solution. -- Jonathan You might be able to use the from future import SomeModule syntax to accomplish this, but I am not sure. Other than that, I would just recommend using the os.popen calls that are native to 2.3 Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many connections can accept a 'binded' socket?
billiejoex wrote: Hi, I'm writing a small asyncore-based server application serving a lot of clients. When I have to handle more than 1021 client simoultaneously the 'binded' socket object raises an error: When you ask questions like this, please specify what operating system you're using. Thanks. John Nagle -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
if __name__ == 'main':
Hi,
I often see the following 'if' construct in python code. What does
this idiom accomplish? What happens if this is not main? How did I get
here if it is not main?
Thanks,
gtb
==
if __name__ == 'main':
myQuest('myQuest').Run()
--
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P: maticna graficka monitor
prodajem: maticnu sapphire am2rd580adv, pola god stara, pod garancijom - 700kn graficku sapphire x1650 pro 256 mb pola god start pod garancijom - 600kn monitor philips 190p6es brilliance (kostao 4.100), star 1.5 godinu garancija vrijedi jos 1.5 godinu - 2000kn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: P: maticna graficka monitor
Gigs_ wrote: prodajem: maticnu sapphire am2rd580adv, pola god stara, pod garancijom - 700kn graficku sapphire x1650 pro 256 mb pola god start pod garancijom - 600kn monitor philips 190p6es brilliance (kostao 4.100), star 1.5 godinu garancija vrijedi jos 1.5 godinu - 2000kn sorry wrong group -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
Alex Martelli wrote: Jonathan Fine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... In other words, I'm asking for a python24 package that contains all (or most) of the modules that are new to Python 2.4. For subprocess specifically, see http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/ . Thanks for the URL. I don't think anybody's ever packaged up ALL the new stuff as you require. Actually, all I require (for now) is subprocess. So I went and made a python24 module. I'll change this if people think something else would be better. (It's easy to ask for forgiveness than ask for permission.) I can show you what I've done: http://texd.cvs.sourceforge.net/texd/py/python24/ http://texd.cvs.sourceforge.net/texd/py/tex/util.py?revision=1.4view=markup My idea is that python24 should contain the Python 2.4 modules that those who are still on Python 2.3 might want to use. Similarly, python26 would be modules that are new for Python 2.6 (which has not been released next). I doubt that I'm the only one with this problem, and this is my suggestion for making it easier to solve. -- Jonathan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: #!/usr/bin/env python 2.4?
rh0dium wrote: Hi Folks, OK I love the logging module. I use it everywhere. I was happily putting at the top of each of my scripts --snip-- #!/usr/bin/env python2.4 [...] But now you guys continued to make this cool language and 2.5 came out. Great now how do I put /usr/bin/env python2.4? Or can you suggest a better way to skin this cat? Thanks again!! The usual way is something like #!/usr/bin/env python Python usually installs so the latest version gets linked as /usr/bin/python. HTere's no need to bind your scripts to a particular version. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://del.icio.us/steve.holden Recent Ramblings http://holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: if __name__ == 'main':
gtb wrote:
I often see the following 'if' construct in python code. What does
this idiom accomplish? What happens if this is not main? How did I get
here if it is not main?
...
if __name__ == 'main':
myQuest('myQuest').Run()
This idiom is for executing the code if you're running the .py directly,
or doing nothing if you're just importing the module.
Take note, that when you import a module, __name__ gets the module name.
Regards,
--
. Facundo
.
Blog: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog/
PyAr: http://www.python.org/ar/
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Re: if __name__ == 'main':
On 2007-03-20, gtb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I often see the following 'if' construct in python code. What does
this idiom accomplish?
It checks to see if the file is being run as the main
program, and does something if that is so.
What happens if this is not main?
Nothing.
How did I get here if it is not main?
By importing the file.
if __name__ == 'main':
myQuest('myQuest').Run()
--
Grant Edwards grante Yow! Thank god!!... It's
at HENNY YOUNGMAN!!
visi.com
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Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class
On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 08:27:07 -0700, Alex Martelli wrote: You should always use new-style classes in order to avoid having to stop and make a decision each time you code a class -- having to stop and ask yourself do I need any of the many extra features of new-style classes here, or will legacy classes suffice? each and every time. I can sympathize with your argument. I have taught myself to _always_ indicate when turning the car, even when I don't need to. I do it without thinking, even when turning from my own driveway into my garage (much to my wife's amusement). And that way, I don't have to think on the road do I need to indicate now or not?, I just do it. Rather than keep arguing my case (life is short...) I'll just mention that both Fredrik Lundh and Aahz were very dismissive of the suggestion that people should stop using classic classes back in July 2005. http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread25853.html e.g. Aahz wrote: There's a big difference between being gung-ho on new-style classes and telling people to stop using old-style classes. Have they changed their mind since then? Not that I'm suggesting that their opinions outweigh Alex's, but I'm not sure that the situation vis-a-vis classes has changed that much since 2005. If it has, perhaps I should be revising my opinion too. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: if __name__ == 'main':
On Mar 20, 11:49 am, gtb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I often see the following 'if' construct in python code. What does this idiom accomplish? What happens if this is not main? How did I get here if it is not main? A quick example demonstrates the usage: C:\codetype temp.py print Module name is,__name__ if __name__ == __main__: print I was not imported else: print I was imported C:\codepython temp.py Module name is __main__ I was not imported C:\codepython Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import temp Module name is temp I was imported -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Yanqui bastards OPERATED 911 RACIST and HEINOUS CRIME Re: +++ Russia Watched 9/11 In REAL TIME on SATELLITE +++
Yank Bastards: What evidence do you have for the 19 hijackers ? What explanation do you have for thermate products ? What evidence do INCOMPETENT Graduates of the FBI Academy have for the suicide of building 7 ? Why were FBI rats running around to confiscate the evidence of missile hitting the Pentagon ? Were the Passengers of the flights taken to Cincinnati incinerated in a NASA incineration chamber ? Why did the lawyer, Rudy Bastard Guiliani destroy the evidence of the crime scene and why does FBI lack the balls to arrest him for a federal crime ? On Mar 18, 10:10 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Anyone remember that marvelous photo of Putin when Bush visited Russia after 9/11. The most astute leader in the world, was looking at Bush into his eyes as if Bush was his adored boyfriend. It was a scene from a romance novel. It was the most hilarious photo. Indeed, Putin EXACTLY knew what 9/11 was and sought to turn that to his advantage. What could be more pleasing to this Russian than his competitor going and fighting with his enemy - the Afghan Mujahideen who drove USSR out of Afghanistan and led to its economic collapse. But Putin was watching US like a hawk, working on his economy, and plotting to put Khodorkovsky into jail. He had himself pioneered the use of a falseflag based on exploding apartment buildings to enter the second Chechen war. ===http://home.att.net/~south.tower/911RussianSatellite1.htm EXCELLENT LINK Russia Watched 9/11 In Real Time On Satellite By Jon Carlson Your countrymen have been murdered and the more you delve into it the more it looks as though they were murdered by our government, who used it as an excuse to murder other people thousands of miles away. If you ridicule others who have sincere doubts and who know factual information that directly contradicts the official report and who want explanations from those who hold the keys to our government, and have motive, means, and opportunity to pull off a 9/11, but you are too lazy or fearful, or ... to check into the facts yourself, what does that make you? Full Statement of Lt. Col. Shelton F. Lankford, US Marine Corps (ret) Retired U.S. Marine Corps Fighter Pilot February 20, 2007 http://www.patriotsquestion911.com/Statement%20Lankford.html In April, 2006, Journalist Webster Tarpley interviewed Thierry Meyssan, President of the Voltaire Network, an organization of 20 different news agencies in Europe, Middle East and Africa, with correspondents in many countries. Thierry trumped America's pseudo- journalists with his 2002 book, Pentagate, drawing first blood on the Pentagon 9/11 Hoax. TM:. He (Gen. Ivashov) was the chief of armed forces in Russia on 9/11. He says the Russian forces were watching North America because of the large military exercises being carried out by the US that day, so they saw in real time by satellite what was happening on that day. TM: When they heard about the attacks, Pres. Putin tried to call Bush to tell him that the Russians were not involved. He was not able to reach him. But they understood already that the collapse of the buildings could not have been done by the planes. They already realized it was controlled demolition - an internal problem and not an external attack WGT. How did US government, the State Dept respond to your (Pentagate) critique? TM. First they said I would not be allowed to go your country any more. Then Ms. Clark of State Dept said that if any journalist talks about my book in the US they will not be allowed to attend press conferences at the Pentagon. They published on their website a page trying to refute my book. http://www.waronfreedom.org/tarpley/rbn/RBN-42206-Meyssan.html In April, 2005, writer Chevalier Désireé, from France but formerly USA, revealed that Russia watched on their satellite as the A3 Skywarrior left a carrier and impacted the Pentagon: It seems that it is common knowledge in these circles that Russian satellites photographed a ship-launched craft (seems to have been a drone type plane rather than a missle) that ended up impacting the Pentagon on Sept 11, 2001, and that, for various reasons this information has been withheld from the public. I was naturally startled to hear this even though I have long held the opinion that it was NOT a commercial jetliner that hit the Pentagon. I think the thing that startled me was the fact that, if Russia (and perhaps other countries with satellites?) had proof that Flight 77 did not hit the Pentagon, why weren't they revealing this? http://web.archive.org/web/20050728121017/http://perfectinfidel.blogs... In 2002 some US spy satellite photos from the sixties were released to the public domain: It's a welcome move, said Steven Aftergood of the Project on Government Secrecy, an effort of the Federation of American Scientists and based in Washington, D.C. First and foremost,
Re: an enumerate question
[EMAIL PROTECTED] escreveu: hi say i want to enumerate lines of a file eg for n,l in enumerate(open(file)): # print next line ie is there a way to print out the next line from current line using the above?. Or do i have to do a readlines() first to get it into a list eg d = open(file).readlines() for n, l in enumerate(d): print d[n+1] thanks for n,l in enumerate(file(file)): print n,l[:-1] # the :-1 is to drop the \n - print n,l, also works (end with ','). HTH Paulo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List to string
That's pretty funny :) On 3/20/07, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 13:01:36 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Mon, 19 Mar 2007 13:11:09 +0100, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: There's no cast in Python. It would make no sens in a dynamically typed language, where type informations belong to the LHS of a binding, not the RHS. Surely you have left and right mixed up? (rereading) (ashamed) Obviously, yes. Thanks for the correction. That's okay, I have a big L and R written on the bottom of my shoes. Of course, they didn't do me any good until I got a L and R tattooed on my feet. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Exceptions when closing a file
Closing a file can (I believe) raise an exception. Is that documented anywhere? I've spent a lot of frustrating time trying to track this down, with no luck, which suggests that either my google-foo is weak or that it isn't documented. Is IOError the only exception it can raise? The only thing I have found is this: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2004-November/026031.html Out of curiosity, is there a simple way to demonstrate close() raising an exception that doesn't involve messing about with disk quotas? -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Choosing new-style vs classic classes (was Re: any ways to judge whether an object is initilized or not in a class)
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 20 Mar 2007 08:27:07 -0700, Alex Martelli wrote: You should always use new-style classes in order to avoid having to stop and make a decision each time you code a class -- having to stop and ask yourself do I need any of the many extra features of new-style classes here, or will legacy classes suffice? each and every time. I can sympathize with your argument. I have taught myself to _always_ indicate when turning the car, even when I don't need to. I do it without thinking, even when turning from my own driveway into my garage (much to my wife's amusement). And that way, I don't have to think on the road do I need to indicate now or not?, I just do it. Rather than keep arguing my case (life is short...) I'll just mention that both Fredrik Lundh and Aahz were very dismissive of the suggestion that people should stop using classic classes back in July 2005. http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread25853.html e.g. Aahz wrote: There's a big difference between being gung-ho on new-style classes and telling people to stop using old-style classes. Have they changed their mind since then? Not that I'm suggesting that their opinions outweigh Alex's, but I'm not sure that the situation vis-a-vis classes has changed that much since 2005. If it has, perhaps I should be revising my opinion too. My mind has not changed, and it has since been enshrined in _Python for Dummies_. ;-) One point that I should make clear, because I think it plays a large part of why Fredrik and I differ from Alex: my code at work still runs on Python 2.2, which I believe should be avoided for heavy use of new-style classes. (The differences in new-style classes between 2.2 and later versions are small but significant, and I *don't* want to have to think about them because we also use 2.3 at work.) I believe Fredrik still supports Python 1.5.2. If you only support 2.3 and later, suggesting a complete switchover to new-style classes becomes more reasonable. Moreover, my codebase at work started with Python 1.4, and upgrading it all to correctly work with new-style classes would be a monumental undertaking. From my POV, as long as the bulk of the standard library is still based on classic classes, that undertaking is not worth it. I'm not quite as habitual as you are about turn signals, but I'm pretty similar... -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: difference between urllib2.urlopen and firefox view 'page source'?
Here's a useful online tool that might help you see what's happening: http://www.sitetruth.com/experimental/viewer.html We use this to help webmasters see what our web crawler is seeing. This reads a page, using Python and FancyURLOpener, with a USER-AGENT string of SiteTruth.com site rating system. Then it parses the page with BeautifulSoup, removes all SCRIPT, EMBED, and OBJECT tags, makes all the links absolute, then writes the page back out in UTF-8 Unicode. The resulting cleaned-up page is displayed. If the page you're trying to read looks OK with our viewer, you should be able to read it from Python with no problems. John Nagle cjl wrote: Hi. I am trying to screen scrape some stock data from yahoo, so I am trying to use urllib2 to retrieve the html and beautiful soup for the parsing. Maybe (most likely) I am doing something wrong, but when I use urllib2.urlopen to fetch a page, and when I view 'page source' of the exact same URL in firefox, I am seeing slight differences in the raw html. Do I need to set a browser agent so yahoo thinks urllib2 is firefox? Is yahoo detecting that urllib2 doesn't process javascript, and passing different data? -cjl -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wanted: a python24 package for Python 2.3
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: For subprocess specifically, see http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/ . I don't think anybody's ever packaged up ALL the new stuff as you require. Oh, good that web page came back. (When we were down to the wire on _Python for Dummies_, it had been offline for more than a month, and I had to decide whether to include it, and I did.) -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anything available that can read Microsoft .MDB files from Python?
Shane Geiger wrote: Try installing it from source. Perhaps getting a newer verion is all you would need. If at that point you find there is a bug, report it. I did. I finally got MDBtools to build by throwing out all the configure stuff and the makefiles, then writing some simple makefiles of my own that just build the command line tools. The supplied build files fail if you don't have bison, flex, autoconf, etc., although the documentation claims otherwise. There are some nice little command line tools in there, fighting to get out from under all the guck. The original author intended, I think, to build this thing up into a full database module for .MDB files. But that was back around 2004 and never got done. So MDBtools doesn't have enough stuff to directly interface to MDB databases as databases, but it has too much for a file format converter. It's the extra guck that has portability problems. I posted the makefiles I used to the MDBtools forums on SourceForge. John Nagle -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail()
Thanks for the reply. When I use the instruction from that list this is the email I receive. I'm using Outlook. [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Hello! This Still DOESN't Work It's just adding the From To Subject in the message itself. I want to have each field at the correct place and then just the msg in the body. Any Help?? Thanks Emile Boudreau -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Fredrik Lundh Sent: Tuesday, March 20, 2007 11:08 AM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail() Boudreau, Emile wrote: I'm trying to send mail from my server to my machine with test results. I can send the email no problem however, the email doesn't contain a recipient list or a subject line. I was wondering how would I go about getting the information on the actual To and Subject lines so that I know to whom the email was sent and the subject line without opening the email? you have to add the headers yourself. see the example in the library reference, or this FAQ entry: http://effbot.org/pyfaq/how-do-i-send-mail-from-a-python-script /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list This message may contain privileged and/or confidential information. If you have received this e-mail in error or are not the intended recipient, you may not use, copy, disseminate or distribute it; do not open any attachments, delete it immediately from your system and notify the sender promptly by e-mail that you have done so. Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: if __name__ == 'main':
On Mar 20, 12:13 pm, Patrick Down [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 20, 11:49 am, gtb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I often see the following 'if' construct in python code. What does this idiom accomplish? What happens if this is not main? How did I get here if it is not main? A quick example demonstrates the usage: C:\codetype temp.py print Module name is,__name__ if __name__ == __main__: print I was not imported else: print I was imported C:\codepython temp.py Module name is __main__ I was not imported C:\codepython Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import temp Module name is temp I was imported Thanks, all! Makes great sense. Teas all 'round the canteen now, gtb -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Exceptions when closing a file
On Mar 20, 12:25 pm, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Closing a file can (I believe) raise an exception. Is that documented anywhere? I've spent a lot of frustrating time trying to track this down, with no luck, which suggests that either my google-foo is weak or that it isn't documented. Is IOError the only exception it can raise? The only thing I have found is this: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2004-November/02603... Out of curiosity, is there a simple way to demonstrate close() raising an exception that doesn't involve messing about with disk quotas? -- Steven. I've never had any problems closing a file. Maybe you need to flush it before you close it? Are you running threads that access the file in ad hoc fashion or something else out of the ordinary? Is this some sort of long running process writing a large file? Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Exceptions when closing a file
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Closing a file can (I believe) raise an exception. Is that documented anywhere? In a catch-all statement for file objects: When a file operation fails for an I/O-related reason, the exception IOError is raised. The fact that close() is a file operation that might fail is revealed by file objects are implemented using C's stdio package and the fact the C's fclose() function can fail. Is IOError the only exception it can raise? I assume it can raise the exceptions MemoryError and KeyboardInterupt, which just about any Python operation can raise. Out of curiosity, is there a simple way to demonstrate close() raising an exception that doesn't involve messing about with disk quotas? Something like the following should work: f = file(/dev/null, r) os.close(f.fileno) f.close() Normally however, you can expect file method close() to fail for all the same reasons you would expect write() to fail. Ross Ridge -- l/ // Ross Ridge -- The Great HTMU [oo][oo] [EMAIL PROTECTED] -()-/()/ http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~rridge/ db // -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail()
On Mar 20, 12:50 pm, Boudreau, Emile [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks for the reply. When I use the instruction from that list this is the email I receive. I'm using Outlook. [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Hello! This Still DOESN't Work It's just adding the From To Subject in the message itself. I want to have each field at the correct place and then just the msg in the body. Any Help?? Thanks Emile Boudreau -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Fredrik Lundh Sent: Tuesday, March 20, 2007 11:08 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail() Boudreau, Emile wrote: I'm trying to send mail from my server to my machine with test results. I can send the email no problem however, the email doesn't contain a recipient list or a subject line. I was wondering how would I go about getting the information on the actual To and Subject lines so that I know to whom the email was sent and the subject line without opening the email? you have to add the headers yourself. see the example in the library reference, or this FAQ entry: http://effbot.org/pyfaq/how-do-i-send-mail-from-a-python-script /F --http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list This message may contain privileged and/or confidential information. If you have received this e-mail in error or are not the intended recipient, you may not use, copy, disseminate or distribute it; do not open any attachments, delete it immediately from your system and notify the sender promptly by e-mail that you have done so. Thank you. I'm not sure what the problem is. But here's how we do it at my place of work: import smtplib import string def sendMail(subject, body, TO = [EMAIL PROTECTED], FROM=[EMAIL PROTECTED]): HOST = mailserver BODY = string.join(( From: %s % FROM, To: %s % TO, Subject: %s % subject, , body ), \r\n) server = smtplib.SMTP(HOST) server.sendmail(FROM, [TO], BODY) server.quit() This works well for us. Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail()
Sorry folks. Scrape the last one that I sent. I noticed that it sends the email perfectly if the code is not in any of my methods but the second I insert it into a method I get the ugly email that I described in my last email. Does anyone know how I can get this code in my method so that I have access to all the variables I have? thanks Emile Boudreau -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Boudreau, Emile Sent: Tuesday, March 20, 2007 1:51 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: RE: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail() Thanks for the reply. When I use the instruction from that list this is the email I receive. I'm using Outlook. [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Hello! This Still DOESN't Work It's just adding the From To Subject in the message itself. I want to have each field at the correct place and then just the msg in the body. Any Help?? Thanks Emile Boudreau -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Fredrik Lundh Sent: Tuesday, March 20, 2007 11:08 AM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Subject line with smtplib.sendmail() Boudreau, Emile wrote: I'm trying to send mail from my server to my machine with test results. I can send the email no problem however, the email doesn't contain a recipient list or a subject line. I was wondering how would I go about getting the information on the actual To and Subject lines so that I know to whom the email was sent and the subject line without opening the email? you have to add the headers yourself. see the example in the library reference, or this FAQ entry: http://effbot.org/pyfaq/how-do-i-send-mail-from-a-python-script /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list This message may contain privileged and/or confidential information. If you have received this e-mail in error or are not the intended recipient, you may not use, copy, disseminate or distribute it; do not open any attachments, delete it immediately from your system and notify the sender promptly by e-mail that you have done so. Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
