Jinja 1.0 Released
Jinja 1.0 Released
==
Jinja 1.0 is out now. Jinja is a sandboxed template engine written in
pure Python
licensed under the BSD license. It provides a Django-like non-XML
syntax and
compiles templates into executable python code. It's basically a
combination
of Django templates and python code.
Differences to Django
-
While the Jinja default syntax looks pretty much like Django the rest
of the
template engine works completely different. Jinja was designed to be
used
without Django and to support Python expressions.
Features that Jinja has in common with Django:
* filter functions
* block based template inheritance
* the {% cycle %} and {% filter %} tag
* being sandboxed
* similar default syntax
Differences:
* advanced lexer that allows escaping of tags
* generation of bytecode for faster template execution
* definition of macros (often recurring tasks like rendering
dialog
boxes, form elements etc.)
* raw blocks
* uncoupled internationalization support
* expression support in any tag
* abbility of modifying the context from the template by using the
{% set %} tag.
* support for function calling with arguments
* filters can be called with a variable argument count
* full unicode support
* deferred objects (objects that are resolved on first access, not
on
context instanciation)
* Missing support for {{ block.super }}
* Support for recursing by using recursing for loops or self
calling
macros.
* If blocks have support for multiple elif statements
* for loops have an optional else block executed if there was no
iteration.
* test functions like is even etc.
* block delimiters are exchangeable.
* no implicit function calling
* {% endblock %} doesn't support the optional name argument
* {% ifchanged %} is not implemented because of performance
reasons.
If there's enough interest an implementation might be added
* {% templatetag %} is not implemented because Jinja supports
escaping
via {% raw %} or the variable syntax
* {% comment %} is not implemented, rather use for commenting out
stuff.
* {% now %} is not implemented because Jinja doesn't handle l10n.
Datetime specific stuff should be provided by the application.
* {% load %}, loading components for Jinja works from the
application
side. Template designers don't have to import stuff on their
own.
* {% debug %} is not implemented. You can use the global function
debug().
* custom tags are not supported. Most of the stuff that is
possible with
django template tags is possible with either functions, filters,
tests
or a combination of them.
* using keywords like endfor as identifer raises an exception.
Links
-
* Webpage - http://jinja.pocoo.org/
* Downloads - http://jinja.pocoo.org/download.html
* Documentation - http://jinja.pocoo.org/documentation/
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Re: Multi-line strings with formatting
On Fri, 2007-03-23 at 09:54 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: When constructing a particularly long and complicated command to be sent to the shell, I usually do something like this, to make the command as easy as possible to follow: commands.getoutput( 'mycommand -S %d -T %d ' % (s_switch, t_switch) + '-f1 %s -f2 %s ' % (filename1, filename2) + ' %s' % (log_filename) ) Can anyone suggest a better way to construct the command, especially without the + sign at the end of each line (except the last) ? Paul McGuire wrote: This list might be even simpler to follow: l = [ 'mycommand', '-S', s_switch, '-T', t_switch, '-f1', filename1, '-f2', filename2, '', log_filename ] cmd = .join(l) And if you use the subprocess module, you won't even need (or want) the final join. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: On text processing
I'm in a process of rewriting a bash/awk/sed script -- that grew to
big -- in python. I can rewrite it in a simple line-by-line way but
that results in ugly python code and I'm sure there is a simple
pythonic way.
The bash script processed text files of the form:
###
key1value1
key2value2
key3value3
key4value4
spec11 spec12 spec13 spec14
spec21 spec22 spec23 spec24
spec31 spec32 spec33 spec34
key5value5
key6value6
key7value7
more11 more12 more13
more21 more22 more23
key8value8
###
I guess you get the point. If a line has two entries it is a key/value
pair which should end up in a dictionary. If a key/value pair is
followed by consequtive lines with more then two entries, it is a
matrix that should end up in a list of lists (matrix) that can be
identified by the key preceeding it. The empty line after the last
line of a matrix signifies that the matrix is finished and we are back
to a key/value situation. Note that a matrix is always preceeded by a
key/value pair so that it can really be identified by the key.
Any elegant solution for this?
My solution expects correctly formatted input and parses it into
separate key/value and matrix holding dicts:
from StringIO import StringIO
fileText = '''\
key1value1
key2value2
key3value3
key4value4
spec11 spec12 spec13 spec14
spec21 spec22 spec23 spec24
spec31 spec32 spec33 spec34
key5value5
key6value6
key7value7
more11 more12 more13
more21 more22 more23
key8value8
'''
infile = StringIO(fileText)
keyvalues = {}
matrices = {}
for line in infile:
fields = line.strip().split()
if len(fields) == 2:
keyvalues[fields[0]] = fields[1]
lastkey = fields[0]
elif fields:
matrices.setdefault(lastkey, []).append(fields)
==
Here is the sample output:
from pprint import pprint as pp
pp(keyvalues)
{'key1': 'value1',
'key2': 'value2',
'key3': 'value3',
'key4': 'value4',
'key5': 'value5',
'key6': 'value6',
'key7': 'value7',
'key8': 'value8'}
pp(matrices)
{'key4': [['spec11', 'spec12', 'spec13', 'spec14'],
['spec21', 'spec22', 'spec23', 'spec24'],
['spec31', 'spec32', 'spec33', 'spec34']],
'key7': [['more11', 'more12', 'more13'], ['more21', 'more22',
'more23']]}
Paddy, thanks, this looks even better.
Paul, pyparsing looks like an overkill, even the config parser module
is something that is too complex for me for such a simple task. The
text files are actually input files to a program and will never be
longer than 20-30 lines so Paddy's solution is perfectly fine. In any
case it's good to know that there exists a module called pyparsing :)
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Re: Python object overhead?
On 24/03/2007 8:11 AM, Matt Garman wrote:
I'm trying to use Python to work with large pipe ('|') delimited data
files. The files range in size from 25 MB to 200 MB.
Since each line corresponds to a record, what I'm trying to do is
create an object from each record.
An object with only 1 attribute and no useful methods seems a little
pointless; I presume you will elaborate it later.
However, it seems that doing this
causes the memory overhead to go up two or three times.
See the two examples below: running each on the same input file
results in 3x the memory usage for Example 2. (Memory usage is
checked using top.)
This happens for both Python 2.4.3 on Gentoo Linux (64bit) and Python
2.3.4 on CentOS 4.4 (64bit).
Is this just the way it is or am I overlooking something obvious?
Thanks,
Matt
Example 1: read lines into list:
# begin readlines.py
Interesting name for the file :-)
How about using the file.readlines() method?
Why do you want all 200Mb in memory at once anyway?
import sys, time
filedata = list()
file = open(sys.argv[1])
You have just clobbered the builtin file() function/type. In this case
it doesn't matter, but you should lose the habit, quickly.
while True:
line = file.readline()
if len(line) == 0: break # EOF
filedata.append(line)
file.close()
print data read; sleeping 20 seconds...
time.sleep(20) # gives time to check top
How about using raw_input('Hit the Any key...') ?
# end readlines.py
Example 2: read lines into objects:
# begin readobjects.py
import sys, time
class FileRecord:
def __init__(self, line):
self.line = line
records = list()
file = open(sys.argv[1])
while True:
line = file.readline()
if len(line) == 0: break # EOF
rec = FileRecord(line)
records.append(rec)
file.close()
print data read; sleeping 20 seconds...
time.sleep(20) # gives time to check top
# end readobjects.py
After all that, you still need to split the lines into the more-than-one
fieldS (plural) that one would expect in a record.
A possibly faster alternative to (fastest_line_reader_so_far,
(line.split('|')) is to use the csv module, as in the following example,
which also shows one way of making an object out of a row of data.
C:\junktype readpipe.py
import sys, csv
class Contacts(object):
__slots__ = ['first', 'family', 'email']
def __init__(self, row):
for attrname, value in zip(self.__slots__, row):
setattr(self, attrname, value)
def readpipe(fname):
if hasattr(fname, 'read'):
f = fname
else:
f = open(fname, 'rb')
# 'b' is in case you'd like your script to be portable
reader = csv.reader(
f,
delimiter='|',
quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE,
# Set quotechar to a char that you don't expect in your data
# e.g. the ASCII control char BEL (0x07). This is necessary
# for Python 2.3, whose csv module used the quoting arg only when
# writing, otherwise your characters may get stripped off.
quotechar='\x07',
skipinitialspace=True,
)
for row in reader:
if row == ['']: # blank line
continue
c = Contacts(row)
# do something useful with c, e.g.
print [(x, getattr(c, x)) for x in dir(c)
if not x.startswith('_')]
if __name__ == '__main__':
if sys.argv[1:2]:
readpipe(sys.argv[1])
else:
print '*** Testing ***'
import cStringIO
readpipe(cStringIO.StringIO('''\
Biff|Bloggs|[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Joseph (Joe)|Blow|[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Joe|Blow|[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Santa|Claus|[EMAIL PROTECTED]
'''))
C:\junk\python23\python readpipe.py
*** Testing ***
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Bloggs'), ('first', 'Biff')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Blow'), ('first', 'Joseph
(Joe)')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Blow'), ('first', 'Joe')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Claus'), ('first', 'Santa')]
C:\junk\python25\python readpipe.py
*** Testing ***
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Bloggs'), ('first', 'Biff')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Blow'), ('first', 'Joseph
(Joe)')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Blow'), ('first', 'Joe')]
[('email', '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'), ('family', 'Claus'), ('first', 'Santa')]
C:\junk
HTH,
John
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Re: Making a non-root daemon process
Ben Finney [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hmm. I typed the example program in as a simplified version of what I'm doing; but didn't actually *run* it. When I do run it, I get no exception, as you say. Now I'll have to find out what significant difference there is between my failing code and this example, and report back in this thread. It turns out that, in re-typing the algorithm in the newsgroup message, I got all the branches correct; but in the code that wasn't working, I had reversed one of them :-) All fine now. We return you to your regularly scheduled programming. -- \ My aunt gave me a walkie-talkie for my birthday. She says if | `\ I'm good, she'll give me the other one next year. -- Steven | _o__) Wright | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
execution speed increase after compile py code into exe?
hello, would there be any speed increase in code execution after python code being compiled into exe file with py2exe? thanks, kelie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: execution speed increase after compile py code into exe?
would there be any speed increase in code execution after python code being compiled into exe file with py2exe? No. I would expect slower startup followed by the same code execution time you'd get from running normally (not that I've actually tested it, mind you). regards, Michael --- Our network was brought down by a biscuit??? --Steven D'Aprano -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: execution speed increase after compile py code into exe?
Kelie [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: hello, would there be any speed increase in code execution after python code being compiled into exe file with py2exe? AIUI that's not what p2yexe is about - it's essentially about packaging up your python program for ease of distribution and installation on windows boxes. However, you might find that you can get significant speed-ups by using psyco http://psyco.sourceforge.net/, on x386 type hardware at least. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: execution speed increase after compile py code into exe?
Michael Bentley wrote: would there be any speed increase in code execution after python code being compiled into exe file with py2exe? No. I would expect slower startup followed by the same code execution time you'd get from running normally (not that I've actually tested it, mind you). Actualy startup is faster for the apps that I have py2exe'd. I think this may be because all the modules are in one place and Python doesn't have to go searching for them. Will -- http://www.willmcgugan.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: creating jsp-like tool with python
On Mar 24, 6:18 am, jd [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'd like to create a program that takes files with jsp-like markup and processes the embedded code (which would be python) to produce the output file. There would be two kinds of sections in the markup file: python code to be evaluated, and python code that returns a value that would be inserted into the output. This seems like it would be straightforward in python, and maybe there's even a library that I could use for this, but as a newbie to Python, I don't know the landscape very well. I am not looking for a big framework, just something small and simple that will do just this job. Suggestions or pointers would be greatly appreciated. Apache's mod_python already does something like this, with its PSP handler. See http://webpython.codepoint.net/mod_python Maybe that would help. -- Kushal Kumaran -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: execution speed increase after compile py code into exe?
Actualy startup is faster for the apps that I have py2exe'd. I think this may be because all the modules are in one place and Python doesn't have to go searching for them. Thanks, Will! That's good to know. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
On Mar 23, 1:30 pm, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike Kent escreveu: ... New way: l=['a','b','c'] jl=','.join(l) I thank you all. Almost there ... I tried .join(l,',') but no success ... :-( Paulo Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in front of you? Side by side comparison: jl=string.join(l,',') jl=','.join(l) The sequence is passed as an argument to the join method, and the delimiter is the string whose method is being called. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Create new processes over telnet in XP
Irmen de Jong schrieb: Shane Geiger wrote: This reminds me of something I once wanted to do: How can I install Python in a totally non-gui way on Windows (without the use of VNC)? I think I was telnetted into a computer (or something like that) and I was unable to run the usual Python installer because it uses a GUI. Python uses a MSI (microsoft installer) based installer on windows. This was introduced in version 2.5 I believe. For MSI installers there's the standard MSI-way to perform a silent install. Google for it, I don't know what the command line switch(es) are, but they're there. --Irmen Even the Wise installer that was used to build the 2.3 and earlier versions had command line switches to do silent installs. THomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
On Mar 24, 5:59 am, Dustan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 23, 1:30 pm, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike Kent escreveu: ... New way: l=['a','b','c'] jl=','.join(l) I thank you all. Almost there ... I tried .join(l,',') but no success ... :-( Paulo Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in front of you? Side by side comparison: jl=string.join(l,',') jl=','.join(l) The sequence is passed as an argument to the join method, and the delimiter is the string whose method is being called. To further demonstrate (because I got a weird email that seemed to think that my code didn't work): import string l = ['a','b','c'] string.join(l,',') 'a,b,c' ','.join(l) 'a,b,c' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
import string def test_join(l): print Joining with commas: , string.join(l,',') print Joining with empty string: , string.join(l,'') print Joining same way, using another syntax: , ''.join(l) print Joining with the letter X: , 'X'.join(l) print Joining with - , '-'.join(l) l = ['a','b','c'] test_join(l) Example output: Joining with commas: a,b,c Joining with empty string:abc Joining same way, using another syntax: abc Joining with the letter X:aXbXc Joining with - a-b-c Dustan wrote: On Mar 24, 5:59 am, Dustan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 23, 1:30 pm, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike Kent escreveu: ... New way: l=['a','b','c'] jl=','.join(l) I thank you all. Almost there ... I tried .join(l,',') but no success ... :-( Paulo Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in front of you? Side by side comparison: jl=string.join(l,',') jl=','.join(l) The sequence is passed as an argument to the join method, and the delimiter is the string whose method is being called. To further demonstrate (because I got a weird email that seemed to think that my code didn't work): import string l = ['a','b','c'] string.join(l,',') 'a,b,c' ','.join(l) 'a,b,c' -- Shane Geiger IT Director National Council on Economic Education [EMAIL PROTECTED] | 402-438-8958 | http://www.ncee.net Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy begin:vcard fn:Shane Geiger n:Geiger;Shane org:National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) adr:Suite 215;;201 N. 8th Street;Lincoln;NE;68508;United States email;internet:[EMAIL PROTECTED] title:IT Director tel;work:402-438-8958 x-mozilla-html:FALSE url:http://www.ncee.net version:2.1 end:vcard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Create new processes over telnet in XP
Godzilla [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Rob, I would be logging into another XP machine to do some software I was afraid of that. :) installation... the code you provided, correct me if I'm wrong, seems to work under Unix/Linux. This part of running and killing processes, yes. Any idea how to do the equivalent in XP? You could use windows services, for example: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/115875 But I don't know details, because this is not my favourite OS. :) -- Regards, Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
draw like windows performance Graph
Type the taskmgr, Windows performance Graph give a really nice dynamic history curve, It will be wonderful If I could use the same kind of graph to represent the network flow in my python program. Is there a windows api for this graph drawing? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
Dustan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in
front of you?
Side by side comparison:
jl=string.join(l,',')
jl=','.join(l)
The sequence is passed as an argument to the join method, and the
delimiter is the string whose method is being called.
In case you are feeling that the ','.join(l) looks a bit jarring, be aware
that there are alternative ways to write it. You can call the method on the
class rather than the instance:
jl = str.join(',', l)
jl = unicode.join(u'\u00d7', 'l')
has the advantage of looking almost the same as the string function except
that the order of the arguments is reversed, the catch is you need to know
the type of the separator in advance. If you have a lot of calls with the
same separator then you can also save the method in an appropriately named
variable:
commaseparated = ','.join
...
jl = commaseparated(l)
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Re: creating jsp-like tool with python
jd wrote: I'd like to create a program that takes files with jsp-like markup and processes the embedded code (which would be python) to produce the output file. There would be two kinds of sections in the markup file: python code to be evaluated, and python code that returns a value that would be inserted into the output. This seems like it would be straightforward in python, and maybe there's even a library that I could use for this, but as a newbie to Python, I don't know the landscape very well. I am not looking for a big framework, just something small and simple that will do just this job. Suggestions or pointers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks... -- jeff Sadly, there's probably as many template languages as there are web frameworks for Python. Maybe even more. For example: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/templates/ http://nick.borko.org/pse/index.html http://www.turbogears.org/about/kid.html Pick your poison. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
John Machin escreveu: .. Python 2.2.3 (#42, May 30 2003, 18:12:08) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. | help(.join) Help on built-in function join: join(...) S.join(sequence) - string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the sequence. The separator between elements is S. | OK, I'll bite: This was new in late 2000 when Python 2.0 was released. Where have you been in the last ~6.5 years? In a response to one of my posts I was told 'string' is obsolet. 'string' was enough for me, but if it is obsolet then there should be a *new* way, isn't it? The *new* way I was told to use is str methods. I tried that *new* way to do *old* 'string' job. Voila the reason of my so pertinent question. I am deeply sorry to have disturbed you in your python's heaven. Next time I'll read all books available, all texts including the python formal description before posting, or perhaps it would be better and more simple if you just ignore my posts. Bye. Paulo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
Dustan escreveu: On Mar 23, 1:30 pm, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike Kent escreveu: ... New way: l=['a','b','c'] jl=','.join(l) I thank you all. Almost there ... I tried .join(l,',') but no success ... :-( Paulo Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in front of you? Some misunderstanding here ... The post was just to thank. I was refering to what I tried before posting the question here. Regards Paulo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Idiom for running compiled python scripts?
On Mar 23, 9:30 am, Mark [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
A small script called python_compile_and_run in pseudo code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
# Following is invalid syntax unfortunately :(
from sys.argv[1].rstrip('.py') import main
sys.argv = sys.argv[1:]
if __name__ == __main__:
main()
so I could just do a python_compile_and_run myscript.py and it would
do what I want, i.e. run myscript.pyc if available and valid, generate
and run it if necessary.
There's __import__ which allows you to do what you tried:
m = __import__(sys.argv[1].rstrip('.py'))
Also, rstrip doesn't work like you think it does.
'pyxyypp.py'.rstrip('.py') == 'pyx'
Answering also to your later message:
So the general purpose invoking bash script e.g. runpy is merely something
like:
Curiously enough, Python 2.5 has a module called runpy:
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-runpy.html
which seems to almost do what you want. It doesn't compile the modules
but you could make a modification which does. The benefit over just
using __import__(module).main() would be
that your scripts wouldn't necessarily need a function called main,
but would still work with scripts that use the __name__ == '__main__'
idiom.
A simple implementation that works:
import imp, sys, os
c = sys.argv[1]
if not os.path.exists(c + 'c') or os.stat(c).st_mtime os.stat(c +
'c').st_mtime:
import compiler
compiler.compileFile(c)
del sys.argv[0]
imp.load_compiled('__main__', c + 'c')
I timed it against running plain .py and running .pyc directly.
It seemed to be roughly on par with running .pyc directly, and about
18ms
faster than running .py. The file had 600 lines (21kb) of code.
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Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
Steven D'Aprano escreveu: On Fri, 23 Mar 2007 13:15:29 -0700, John Machin wrote: Western civilization is 6,000 years old. After reading that post I wouldn't talk about civilization, western or any other :-) Regards. Paulo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [JOB] Sr. Python Developer, Northern VA
Chuck Rhode [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: John J. Lee wrote this on Thu, 22 Mar 2007 21:16:13 +. My reply is below. I sympathise but conventional wisdom (which surely has a lot of truth in it) is that employers are not faced with the problem of minimising false negatives (failing to hire when they should have hired). They are faced with the problem of minimising false positives (hiring when they should not have hired). That's a gross simplification of course, but I'm sure you appreciate the point -- if you're hiring employees, being fairly risk-averse is probably quite rational. ... so what's this we hear of employers' (in the US) being so starved for talent that they're willing to bring in young men from overseas with 3.5 kids and 1.5 wives? I honestly don't follow the connection between my statements about the way things are and the ethical (?) position you appear to be pushing. Please don't take offence when I ask you not to bother to elaborate, though. John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [JOB] Sr. Python Developer, Northern VA
Anton Vredegoor [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: John J. Lee wrote: [...] but I'm sure you appreciate the point -- if you're hiring employees, being fairly risk-averse is probably quite rational. So when we really mean business, you're back to static typing? I'm not wedded to dynamic typing, as it happens. Of course, if I were, I would have to take it as a metaphor for all of life ;-) [...] Well, on my next leisurely stroll along the river side, I will consciously enjoy the freedom of currently having no job instead of the usual I'm lucky I have no kids to worry about, just to humor you! Bastard :-) John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem with game
Hello, the following script (it's in German): import random print Wie oft wollen Sie spielen? anzahl_spiele = input() games = 0 while games anzahl_spiele: games += 1 print Raten sie die Zahl, die vom Computer generiert wird! random_number = random.randint(1, 100) user_number = 0 counter = 0 while user_number != random_number: user_number = input (Zahl eingeben: ) counter += 1 if user_number random_number: print Die eingegebene Zahl ist kleiner als die generierte Zahl. elif user_number random_number: print Die eingegebene Zahl ist groesser als die generierte Zahl. print Sie haben gewonnen! print counter yields the following error when run: File Python-episode12-Zahlenraten.py, line 15 print Die eingegebene Zahl ist kleiner als die generierte Zahl. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with game
File Python-episode12-Zahlenraten.py, line 15 print Die eingegebene Zahl ist kleiner als die generierte Zahl. IndentationError: expected an indented block -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: fine grain logging cotrol
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
On Fri, 23 Mar 2007 21:15:56 -0400, Eric S. Johansson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
Gabriel Genellina wrote:
I don't get all the details of what's all that stuff for, but from the
error and traceback, I think you forgot to create the filter_test
instance. That is, change lgr.addFilter(filter_test) to
lgr.addFilter(filter_test())
do'h . for some reason, I thought addFilter took a class instead of an
instance. but on testing, I'm still missing something and getting the
same error
Doesn't your filter_test class require a parameter itself -- the
name?
yes. here is the code that fails. I don't understand why the unbound
method. what is really weird is that when I singlestep through the
code, it never seems to call filter_test. it is like the method never
existed.
File C:\Python24\lib\logging\__init__.py, line 539, in filter
if not f.filter(record):
TypeError: unbound method filter() must be called with filter_test
instance as first argument (got LogRecord instance instead)
--
import logging
import sys
class filter_test (logging.Filter):
test_names = { Felis.alpha : True,
Catus.alpha : False,
}
def ___init__ (self, name):
simple filter test
logging.Filter.__init__(self, name)
self.test_name = name
def filter(self, record):
test and forget
return test_names.has_key( self.test_name) and test_names[
self.test_name ]
class LoggedType(type):
def __new__(mcl, name, bases, classdict):
def get_logger(self):
tag = %s.%s % (name,sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name)
lgr = logging.getLogger(tag)
fl = filter_test(tag)
lgr.addFilter(fl)
return lgr
classdict[_%s__logger % name] = property(get_logger)
return type.__new__(mcl, name, bases, classdict)
class Logged:
__metaclass__ = LoggedType
class Felis(Logged):
def alpha(self):
self.__logger.info(Felis.alpha)
def gamma(self):
self.__logger.info(Felis.gamma)
class Catus(Felis):
def alpha(self):
self.__logger.info(Catus.alpha)
def beta(self):
self.__logger.info(Catus.beta)
if __name__ == __main__:
logging.basicConfig(
format=EXPECTED %(message)s GOT %(name)s, level=logging.INFO)
f = Felis()
f.alpha()
f.gamma()
c = Catus()
c.alpha()
c.beta()
c.gamma()
--
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Re: Problem with game
On Mar 24, 5:20 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: File Python-episode12-Zahlenraten.py, line 15 print Die eingegebene Zahl ist kleiner als die generierte Zahl. IndentationError: expected an indented block You should indent stuff inside if-statement deeper than the if itself. I.e. NOT LIKE THIS: if x==3: print x But like this: if x==3: print x If in your editor it looks like you have done this, the error is probably that you are mixing tabs and spaces as indentation and your editor doesn't display tabs as 8 spaces. This leads to an amazing visual illusion cunnigly developed to turn people away from Python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyImport_ImportModule/embedding: surprising behaviors
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Abrahams [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was under the impression that both the current directory *and* the python library directory were already, automatically, in sys.path, so I'm really surprised to see this. Am I doing something wrong, or is this simply the expected behavior (and if so, where is it documented)? IIRC (without bother to test), there has been some change in the definition of current directory -- it used to be the actual current directory of os.getcwd(), but since changed to the startup directory. -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Pattern for foo tool - API - shell|GUI
I'm looking for a pattern where different client implementations can use the same commands of some fictive tool (foo) by accessing some kind of API. Actually I have the need for such pattern for my own tool (http://openswarm.sourceforge.net). I already started restructuring my code to separate the actual command implementations from the command-line scripts (which is optparser-based now) and have some ideas how to proceed. But probably there is already a good pattern used for Python-based tools. In the case that some of you are interested into this topic and my recent thoughts, you may want to have a look at the description below. Any comments are very much appreciated. Hopefully this list is a good place for discussing a pattern, otherwise I would be okay to move this to another place. Thank you. Here we go: The tool package itself provides several commands, although not important for the pattern itself, here some examples: modifying user-specific preferences, creating and changing project settings files, project-related code-generation, or combinations of such commands ... later also commands for transformation between several XML formats etc. The classes which implement these commands are currently in multiple modules, each having a class named CmdHandler. I have some Python scripts (each having a ScriptHandler classes), for use via command-line. Each ScriptHandler class is responsible to add all related command-line options and process those provided by the user (based on optparse library from Python standard lib). The script then calls the corresponding command and provide the verified options as parameters. Due to the nature of the tool under specific conditions the following results may come during command execution: * successful execution, no interaction * critical error, execution cancelled * user interaction needed (e.g. prompt user to approve replace existing directory (yes/no), prompt user to provide an alternative option) Command-line interactions work simply with raw_input(). So far this works. Nevertheless, there are some other aspects that could be improved, but this is another topic: The tool uses custom exceptions (e.g. for critical errors) and logging features (based on logging from Python standard lib). Currently no automated tests, but I have to add. For the next step I plan to support not only my own command-line scripts, but also a GUI to access the commands, as well as 3rd-party products (themselves command-line scripts or GUIs, such as foo plugins for any 3rd-party-tools). As far as I see, these clients need to implement a handler that: (1) Collecting all required parameters and optional parameters from a user (2) Provide these parameters for a particular call to command API (3) Provides some kind of hooks that are called back from the API on specific events, e.g. Question with user-choice; Information with user-input (4) Provide a logging handler object from the tool logging class or a sub-class of that in the case that a client-specific logging object should be triggered on each debug, message, warning etc. (1) is very client-specific, e.g. in a GUI via dialogs. (2) Each command provides a signature for all required/optional parameters. They are all verified from the command itself, although a client could do some verification at the first place. (3) Example use-case: a command needs to know if the user wants the command to proceed with a particular action, e.g. Do you want to delete bar.txt? with Yes, No and Cancel choice. So the client's handler object (which is provided as first parameter to each command) implements client-specific features to show the user this question (e.g. pop-up dialog with question and three buttons), receive the user input (clicking one of the buttons) and pass this choice back to the foo API. Alternatively some kind of text information could be required, as in raw_input(), so actually this probably would be two different interaction features to be implemented. (4) The foo API also provides a logging class. The client needs to initialize such an object and provide it as member of the handler object provided to the API. I wonder if some clients may have own logging features and want to include all log messages from foo tool to the own logs. In this case a client could its own sub-class of the foo logging class and extending it with callbacks to its (client-)native logging object. What do you think about this? Best regards, Anastasios -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyImport_ImportModule/embedding: surprising behaviors
Aahz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Abrahams [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was under the impression that both the current directory *and* the python library directory were already, automatically, in sys.path, so I'm really surprised to see this. Am I doing something wrong, or is this simply the expected behavior (and if so, where is it documented)? IIRC (without bother to test), there has been some change in the definition of current directory -- it used to be the actual current directory of os.getcwd(), but since changed to the startup directory. In 2.3 and later, at least (sorry, no 2.2 and earlier around to check), site.py makes every directory along sys.path an absolute path at Python startup. This _should_ probably be documented at http://docs.python.org/lib/module-site.html, but it doesn't appear to be clearly stated there (the page only speaks of site's job of appending site specific paths, and not of the other jobs it also performs, such as normalizing sys.path by turning all paths into absolute ones and removing duplicates). Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
On Mar 24, 7:16 am, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dustan escreveu: On Mar 23, 1:30 pm, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike Kent escreveu: ... New way: l=['a','b','c'] jl=','.join(l) I thank you all. Almost there ... I tried .join(l,',') but no success ... :-( Paulo Perhaps you're doing it wrong, despite having an example right in front of you? Some misunderstanding here ... The post was just to thank. I was refering to what I tried before posting the question here. Ah. Sorry; I didn't realize that. Regards Paulo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Mastering Python
On Sun, Mar 18, 2007 at 09:38:52PM EST, Paul McGuire wrote: On Mar 16, 9:27 am, BartlebyScrivener [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 16, 8:39 am, Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Wow, are you still reading? Quit wasting time and go download a Python dist and get started already! I think you should extract that and spend twenty minutes tidying it up and then publish it to the Python for Programmers page or make it a downloadable .pdf. http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers rd The chief contribution of Protestantism to human thought is its massive proof that God is a bore. --H.L. Mencken I've added it to this page, see the last entry. Hope some find it entertaining, if not informative. Nice job. Thanks, cga -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help to learn Python
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 23 Mar 2007 06:20:15 -0700 Core Python Programming is mostly theory and very little code. It's good for reference and digging deeper into the language... let me clarify here that mike's statement refers to the total number of large applications in the book. Core Python *does* have a lot of code in it, but they are mostly snippets and bits using the interactive interpreter. i chose this model instead of many large applications because: 1) i feel that small snippets that people can follow along with in the interpreter is more valuable... in fact, many readers *don't* have the interpreter in front of them, but they can see what it does so that once they *are* in front of it, it does what they expect 2) providing smallish to medium-sized applications allows for maximum absorption by the reader 3) i didn't have time to develop lots of large applications... if you learn with lots of large applications with lots of code, then this book is not for you. with that said, i would still like to state that the book's target audience is for people who know how to program but need to pick up Python as quickly as possible. the theory that's in the book is really more explanation of how the Python interpreter works, especially the relationship between objects and memory management. the goal is to give you enough of an understanding of how Python works under the covers that you will write very effective code, even as a beginner to the language. you can read more of my manifesto on Amazon's page for the book as well as at the book's website below. cheers! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Core Python Programming, Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Robert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
On Mar 24, 8:30 am, Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In case you are feeling that the ','.join(l) looks a bit jarring, be aware
that there are alternative ways to write it. You can call the method on the
class rather than the instance:
jl = str.join(',', l)
jl = unicode.join(u'\u00d7', 'l')
... the catch is you need to know
the type of the separator in advance.
When I try the latter example, I get an error:
lst = [hello, world]
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File test1.py, line 2, in ?
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xd7' in
position 5: ordinal not in range(128)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 11:30 am, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Robert Windows allows us to uninstall it. I think the only thing it really installs is the files, and then it sets the system path, so just delete the files and change your path. Unfortunately, I do not have a Mac to test with. Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pattern for foo tool - API - shell|GUI
On Mar 24, 10:31 am, Anastasios Hatzis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm looking for a pattern where different client implementations can use the same commands of some fictive tool (foo) by accessing some kind of API. Actually I have the need for such pattern for my own tool (http://openswarm.sourceforge.net). I already started restructuring my code to separate the actual command implementations from the command-line scripts (which is optparser-based now) and have some ideas how to proceed. But probably there is already a good pattern used for Python-based tools. In the case that some of you are interested into this topic and my recent thoughts, you may want to have a look at the description below. Any comments are very much appreciated. Hopefully this list is a good place for discussing a pattern, otherwise I would be okay to move this to another place. Thank you. Here we go: The tool package itself provides several commands, although not important for the pattern itself, here some examples: modifying user-specific preferences, creating and changing project settings files, project-related code-generation, or combinations of such commands ... later also commands for transformation between several XML formats etc. The classes which implement these commands are currently in multiple modules, each having a class named CmdHandler. I have some Python scripts (each having a ScriptHandler classes), for use via command-line. Each ScriptHandler class is responsible to add all related command-line options and process those provided by the user (based on optparse library from Python standard lib). The script then calls the corresponding command and provide the verified options as parameters. Due to the nature of the tool under specific conditions the following results may come during command execution: * successful execution, no interaction * critical error, execution cancelled * user interaction needed (e.g. prompt user to approve replace existing directory (yes/no), prompt user to provide an alternative option) Command-line interactions work simply with raw_input(). So far this works. Nevertheless, there are some other aspects that could be improved, but this is another topic: The tool uses custom exceptions (e.g. for critical errors) and logging features (based on logging from Python standard lib). Currently no automated tests, but I have to add. For the next step I plan to support not only my own command-line scripts, but also a GUI to access the commands, as well as 3rd-party products (themselves command-line scripts or GUIs, such as foo plugins for any 3rd-party-tools). As far as I see, these clients need to implement a handler that: (1) Collecting all required parameters and optional parameters from a user (2) Provide these parameters for a particular call to command API (3) Provides some kind of hooks that are called back from the API on specific events, e.g. Question with user-choice; Information with user-input (4) Provide a logging handler object from the tool logging class or a sub-class of that in the case that a client-specific logging object should be triggered on each debug, message, warning etc. (1) is very client-specific, e.g. in a GUI via dialogs. (2) Each command provides a signature for all required/optional parameters. They are all verified from the command itself, although a client could do some verification at the first place. (3) Example use-case: a command needs to know if the user wants the command to proceed with a particular action, e.g. Do you want to delete bar.txt? with Yes, No and Cancel choice. So the client's handler object (which is provided as first parameter to each command) implements client-specific features to show the user this question (e.g. pop-up dialog with question and three buttons), receive the user input (clicking one of the buttons) and pass this choice back to the foo API. Alternatively some kind of text information could be required, as in raw_input(), so actually this probably would be two different interaction features to be implemented. (4) The foo API also provides a logging class. The client needs to initialize such an object and provide it as member of the handler object provided to the API. I wonder if some clients may have own logging features and want to include all log messages from foo tool to the own logs. In this case a client could its own sub-class of the foo logging class and extending it with callbacks to its (client-)native logging object. What do you think about this? Best regards, Anastasios I think if you want to use a GUI, wxpython or Tkinter would work well for you. wxPython has more widgets from the start, but is also more complex. Tkinter is good for quick and dirty GUIs, but gets increasingly more complicated to deal with the more complex the GUI has to be, in general. At least, that's what I am told. I started out using Tkinter. It's great for prototyping,
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
Hi, Robert Hicks wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Robert I don't know if this is pertinent to your situation, but yesterday I read something that said you need a framework install in order to do GUI programming with wxPython. I believe a framework install is what originally comes with Macs and it is integrated into the OS. I don't know if there is a framework install for 2.5. In addition, the download notes for the stand alone MacPython 2.5 install say that there aren't as many modules for 2.5 as there are for the 2.4, which is something you may want to consider. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
Robert Hicks wrote: ... but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Did 2.4.4 come pre-installed? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On 24 Mar 2007 10:30:28 -0700, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. You're not required to remove the old version before installing the new version. Just install the new version somewhere like /usr/local and put /usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths. -- Greg Donald http://destiney.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
Robert Hicks schrieb: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't do it. OSX uses the shipped version for its own purposes, and you'll break things if you uninstall it. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
7stud schrieb:
On Mar 24, 8:30 am, Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In case you are feeling that the ','.join(l) looks a bit jarring, be aware
that there are alternative ways to write it. You can call the method on the
class rather than the instance:
jl = str.join(',', l)
jl = unicode.join(u'\u00d7', 'l')
... the catch is you need to know
the type of the separator in advance.
When I try the latter example, I get an error:
lst = [hello, world]
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File test1.py, line 2, in ?
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xd7' in
position 5: ordinal not in range(128)
You are mixing unicode with bytestrings here. make hello uhello,
same for world.
Diez
--
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Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 7stud schrieb: When I try the latter example, I get an error: lst = [hello, world] print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst) Traceback (most recent call last): File test1.py, line 2, in ? print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst) UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xd7' in position 5: ordinal not in range(128) You are mixing unicode with bytestrings here. make hello uhello, same for world. Sorry Diez, wrong answer. A unicode separator will cause all the strings being joined to be decoded using the default encoding (which could cause problems with non-ascii characters in the decoded strings), but the problem here is with encoding, not decoding. 7stud: the problem isn't the join, it is printing the string on your terminal which is the problem. Try just: print u\u00d7 and you'll get the same problem. Or: lst = [hello, world] joined = unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst) will work, but you'll still have problems printing the result. If you try it using a Python interpreter with an appropriate output encoding it will work (idle can handle it on my system, but the DOS prompt with its default codepage cannot). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
A better webpage filter
Since a few days I've been experimenting with a construct that enables me to send the sourcecode of the web page I'm reading through a Python script and then into a new tab in Mozilla. The new tab is automatically opened so the process feels very natural, although there's a lot of reading, filtering and writing behind the scene. I want to do three things with this post: A) Explain the process so that people can try it for themselves and say Hey stupid, I've been doing the same thing with greasemonkey for ages, or maybe You're great, this is easy to see, since the crux of the biscuit is the apostrophe. Both kind of comments are very welcome. B) Explain why I want such a thing. C) If this approach is still valid after all the before, ask help for writing a better Python htmlfilter.py So here we go: A) Explain the process We need : - mozilla firefox http://en-us.www.mozilla.com/en-US/ - add-on viewsourcewith https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/394/ - batch file (on windows): (htmfilter.bat) d:\python25\python.exe D:\Python25\Scripts\htmlfilter.py %1 out.html start out.html - a python script: #htmfilter.py import sys def htmlfilter(fname, skip = []): f = file(fname) data = f.read() L = [] for i,x in enumerate(data): if x == '': j = i elif x =='': L.append((j,i)) R = list(data) for i,j in reversed(L): s = data[i:j+1] for x in skip: if x in s: R[i:j+1] = ' ' break return ''.join(R) def test(): if len(sys.argv) == 2: skip = ['div','table'] fname = sys.argv[1].strip() print htmlfilter(fname,skip) if __name__=='__main__': test() Now install the htmlfilter.py file in your Python scripts dir and adapt the batchfile to point to it. To use the viewsourcewith add-on to open the batchfile: Go to some webpage, left click and view the source with the batchfile. B) Explain why I want such a thing. OK maybe this should have been the thing to start with, but hey it's such an interesting technique it's almost a waste no to give it a chance before my idea is dissed :-) Most web pages I visit lately are taking so much room for ads (even with adblocker installed) that the mere 20 columns of text that are available for reading are slowing me down unacceptably. I have tried clicking 'print this' or 'printer friendly' or using 'no style' from the mozilla menu and switching back again for other pages but it was tedious to say the least. Every webpage has different conventions. In the end I just started editing web pages' source code by hand, cutting out the beef and saving it as a html file with only text, no scripts or formatting. But that was also not very satisfying because raw web pages are *big*. Then I found out I often could just replace all 'table' or 'div' elements with a space and the page -although not very html compliant any more- still loads and often the text looks a lot better. This worked for at least 50 percent of the pages and restored my autonomy and independence in reading web pages! (Which I do a lot by the way, maybe for most people the problem is not very irritating, because they don't read as much? Tell me that too, I want to know :-) C) Ask help writing a better Python htmlfilter.py Please. You see the code for yourself, this must be done better :-) A. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Mar 24, 8:30 am, Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
In case you are feeling that the ','.join(l) looks a bit
jarring, be aware that there are alternative ways to write it.
You can call the method on the class rather than the instance:
jl = str.join(',', l)
jl = unicode.join(u'\u00d7', 'l')
... the catch is you need to know
the type of the separator in advance.
When I try the latter example, I get an error:
lst = [hello, world]
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File test1.py, line 2, in ?
print unicode.join(u\u00d7, lst)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xd7'
in position 5: ordinal not in range(128)
Your terminal is likely the problem. Get rid of the print:
q=unicode.join(u'\u00d7',['hello','world'])
and you will probably get rid of the exception.
(so I guess the issue is the display, not the logic)
max
--
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Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 2:09 pm, Greg Donald [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 24 Mar 2007 10:30:28 -0700, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. You're not required to remove the old version before installing the new version. Just install the new version somewhere like /usr/local and put /usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths. -- Greg Donaldhttp://destiney.com/ That is exactly what I did. I don't touch the Apple supplied version. Now I want to put that latest Python on. Robert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 2:06 pm, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Robert Hicks schrieb: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't do it. OSX uses the shipped version for its own purposes, and you'll break things if you uninstall it. Diez No, the OSX version is like 2.3 something. I installed the 2.4.4 version in /usr/local bypassing the Apple stuff. Robert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Anyone know of a MICR parser algorithm written in Python?
MICR = The line of digits printed using magnetic ink at the bottom of a check. Does anyone know of a Python function that has been written to parse a line of MICR data? Or, some financial package that may contain such a thing? Or, in general, where I should be looking when looking for a piece of Python code that may have already been written by someone? I'm working on a project that involves a check scanner the produces the raw MICR line as text. Now, that raw MICR needs to be parsed for the various pieces of info. The problem with MICR is that there is no standard layout. There are some general rules for item placement, but beyond that it is up to the individual banks to define how they choose to position the information. I did find an old C program written by someone at IBM... But I've read it and it is Not code that would nicely convert to Python (maybe its all the Python I'm used to, be it seems very poorly written). Here is the link to that C code: ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/retail/poseng/4610/4610micr.zip I've even tried using boost to generate a Python module, but that didn't go well, and in the end is not going to be a solution for me anyway.. really need access to the Python source. Any help at all would be appreciated, -mkp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 12:09 pm, Greg Donald [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 24 Mar 2007 10:30:28 -0700, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. You're not required to remove the old version before installing the new version. Just install the new version somewhere like /usr/local and put /usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths. -- Greg Donaldhttp://destiney.com/ Can you explain how that works? If you install python in /usr/local, doesn't that leave you with something like /usr/local/python? So what does putting usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths do? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On 24 Mar 2007 12:10:12 -0700, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can you explain how that works? If you install python in /usr/local, doesn't that leave you with something like /usr/local/python? So what does putting usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths do? ./configure --prefix=/usr/local Then python would be /usr/local/bin/python. For bash put this somewhere near the end of your .bashrc or /etc/bashrc: export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH Then when you attempt to run the python binary it will be found in the place you installed it first, not where the system version was installed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_%28computing%29 -- Greg Donald http://destiney.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
bbxx789 Can you explain how that works? If you install python in bbxx789 /usr/local, doesn't that leave you with something like bbxx789 /usr/local/python? So what does putting usr/local/bin ahead of bbxx789 your other paths do? When you install with --prefix==/usr/local you will wind up with /usr/local/bin/python. There will also be a /usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y (with structure underneath it) containing all the Python and extension modules. Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
You don't have to uninstall 2.4.4 to use 2.5. Just change where the symlink points: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~\ 14:45:35$ ls -la /usr/bin/python lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 24 Mar 1 12:48 /usr/bin/python - /usr/local/bin/python2.5 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~\ 14:45:40$ In general, I am a little wary of uninstalling programs like Python which are used by many applications. You don't want to find out after you have uninstalled it that something actually needed it. It is much safer to keep it around. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 11:30 am, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Robert Windows allows us to uninstall it. I think the only thing it really installs is the files, and then it sets the system path, so just delete the files and change your path. Unfortunately, I do not have a Mac to test with. Mike -- Shane Geiger IT Director National Council on Economic Education [EMAIL PROTECTED] | 402-438-8958 | http://www.ncee.net Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy begin:vcard fn:Shane Geiger n:Geiger;Shane org:National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) adr:Suite 215;;201 N. 8th Street;Lincoln;NE;68508;United States email;internet:[EMAIL PROTECTED] title:IT Director tel;work:402-438-8958 x-mozilla-html:FALSE url:http://www.ncee.net version:2.1 end:vcard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
On Mar 23, 4:04 pm, Jack Diederich [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If you make the record a new style class (inherit from object) you can specify the __slots__ attribute on the class. This eliminates the per instance dictionary overhead in exchange for less flexibility. How is efficiency improved with __slots__? Don't you create a list object that replaces the dictionary object, e.g.: class Test(object): __slots__ = [m, n] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
On 24 Mar 2007 13:08:02 -0700, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 23, 4:04 pm, Jack Diederich [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If you make the record a new style class (inherit from object) you can specify the __slots__ attribute on the class. This eliminates the per instance dictionary overhead in exchange for less flexibility. How is efficiency improved with __slots__? Don't you create a list object that replaces the dictionary object, e.g.: class Test(object): __slots__ = [m, n] Only one list is created. It is used to define a C array where attributes will be stored. Each instance still has that C array, but it has much less overhead than a Python list or dictionary. Whether this reduction in overhead actually results in a useful or measurable performance improvement is a separate question, of course. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyImport_ImportModule/embedding: surprising behaviors
David Abrahams wrote: I'm seeing highly surprising (and different!) behaviors of PyImport_ImportModule on Linux and Windows when used in a program with python embedding. On Linux, when attempting to import a module xxx that's in the current directory, I get ImportError: No module named xxx I can work around the problem by setting PYTHONPATH=. Python puts the current directory in sys.path only if it can't determine the directory of the main script. There was a bug on Windows that always added current directory to sys.path, but it was fixed in Python 2.5. This is documented in the library reference: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-sys.html#l2h-5149 On Windows, I get: 'import site' failed; use -v for traceback I can work around the problem by setting PYTHONPATH to point to the python library directory: set PYTHONPATH=c:\Python25\Lib This happens because Python calculates the initial import path by looking for an executable file named python along PATH. You can change this by calling Py_SetProgramName(filename) before calling Py_Initialize(). This is documented in API reference manual: http://docs.python.org/api/embedding.html That page also describes a few hooks that you can overwrite to modify the initial search path. They are described in more detail on this page: http://docs.python.org/api/initialization.html HTH, Ziga -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
Shane Geiger wrote: You don't have to uninstall 2.4.4 to use 2.5. Just change where the symlink points: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~\ 14:45:35$ ls -la /usr/bin/python lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 24 Mar 1 12:48 /usr/bin/python - /usr/local/bin/python2.5 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~\ 14:45:40$ I have been chastised on this list for a similar suggestion (notably re-linking /usr/bin/python) as it may break the system because the particular version installed may be required for some scripts in the system. Probably better is to create a link in ~/bin and make sure ~/bin is first in the path. Bash experts--please say how to do this because bash is default for OSX and is undoubtedly what the OP is using. I use csh. Better, even than this is to install ipython under 2.5 and put the following script in your ~/bin (name it python): #! /bin/csh -f #second line of script (include above) if ($#argv == 0) then /usr/local/bin/ipython # ==or wherever ipython is else /usr/local/bin/python2.5 $argv endif #end of script It doesn't matter if you use bash, the above script, though csh, will run fine. Now type this in a terminal: chmod a+x ~/bin/python. Now you can use ipython or python depending on whether you supply arguments. ipython will launch if you supply none (which means you want an interactive interpreter) and regular python2.5 will launch if you give it a script name--avoiding jumping into the ipython interpreter after the script finishes. If you don't know what ipython is, you are missing out. James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
7stud wrote: On Mar 24, 12:09 pm, Greg Donald [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 24 Mar 2007 10:30:28 -0700, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. You're not required to remove the old version before installing the new version. Just install the new version somewhere like /usr/local and put /usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths. -- Greg Donaldhttp://destiney.com/ Can you explain how that works? If you install python in /usr/local, doesn't that leave you with something like /usr/local/python? So what does putting usr/local/bin ahead of your other paths do? Don't build python for OS X unless you know you need to or want a learning experience. Rolling your own python is somewhat a can of worms for the uninitiated and it will be pretty tough beyond that to make it run as cleanly as the stock builds. (E.g. you will be asking about why readline doesn't work, etc.) This stuff is especially the case for OS X, which does things a little differently than linux. Just download the 2.5 installer from python.org. Double click it and be done. A link to the new python will be created for you in /usr/local/bin. If you already had an earlier installed and the link didn't get updated, just replace the old one substituting 2.4 (or 2.3) with 2.5. Then make sure /usr/local/bin comes before /usr/bin in your path and you will be set. See also my previous post about integrating ipython. James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: fine grain logging cotrol
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: On Sat, 24 Mar 2007 11:29:34 -0400, Eric S. Johansson [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: yes. here is the code that fails. I don't understand why the unbound method. what is really weird is that when I singlestep through the code, it never seems to call filter_test. it is like the method never existed. Among other things -- the init is never called... You have too many _ on it. Second, I suspect you needed to overload getLogger -- there is no code, that I could see that would /invoke/ a get_logger method. get_logger does get called as part of the metaclass magic. I don't understand it well enough to explain but a debugger reveals some. for example, stepping through get_logger, I hit the first two statements but after executing getLogger, I end up at logger.info. this leads me to believe that __new__ runs at the start of every method invocation (not just at object creation). I obviously need to read more on the topic. I am really puzzled that get_logger never makes past getLogger but hopefully insight will arrive. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
On Mar 24, 2:19 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Only one list is created. It is used to define a C array where attributes will be stored. Each instance still has that C array, but it has much less overhead than a Python list or dictionary. It's all C underneath, right? So a dictionary is what? Two parallel C arrays: one array with the names and one with the values? When you do this: __slots__ = [m, n] there still has to be a mapping between the names m and n and their values. So aren't two parallel C arrays required again? Whether this reduction in overhead actually results in a useful or measurable performance improvement is a separate question, of course. I suppose a dictionary will be required to grow in size, so at periodic intervals new, bigger arrays will need to be created, the contents copied over, and the old arrays destroyed(similar to a vector in C++). And of course, the C code that accomplishes all that creating, copying and destroying will take up some memory. Is that what you are talking about when you say overhead? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
On 24 Mar 2007 13:52:46 -0700, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 2:19 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Only one list is created. It is used to define a C array where attributes will be stored. Each instance still has that C array, but it has much less overhead than a Python list or dictionary. It's all C underneath, right? So a dictionary is what? Two parallel C arrays: one array with the names and one with the values? When you do this: __slots__ = [m, n] there still has to be a mapping between the names m and n and their values. So aren't two parallel C arrays required again? Not two *per instance* though. The per-class overhead is roughly irrelevant since the number of classes is generally small compared to the number of instances. If you have a circumstance where this isn't true, then it may be worth considering per-class overhead rather than focusong on per-instance overhead as I think most people in this thread have done. Whether this reduction in overhead actually results in a useful or measurable performance improvement is a separate question, of course. I suppose a dictionary will be required to grow in size, so at periodic intervals new, bigger arrays will need to be created, the contents copied over, and the old arrays destroyed(similar to a vector in C++). And of course, the C code that accomplishes all that creating, copying and destroying will take up some memory. Is that what you are talking about when you say overhead? I mostly had the Python object overhead and the overallocation overhead in mind. The code for resizing dicts is around whether you are using it or not, after all. You might want to take a look at the how dicts and lists and __slots__ are implemented if you're interested in the details. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
On 3/23/07, Bjoern Schliessmann [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: (Note that almost everything in Python is an object!) Could you tell me what in Python isn't an object? Are you counting old-style classes and instances as not objects? -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better webpage filter
En Sat, 24 Mar 2007 15:45:41 -0300, Anton Vredegoor [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: Since a few days I've been experimenting with a construct that enables me to send the sourcecode of the web page I'm reading through a Python script and then into a new tab in Mozilla. The new tab is automatically opened so the process feels very natural, although there's a lot of reading, filtering and writing behind the scene. I want to do three things with this post: A) Explain the process so that people can try it for themselves and say Hey stupid, I've been doing the same thing with greasemonkey for ages, or maybe You're great, this is easy to see, since the crux of the biscuit is the apostrophe. Both kind of comments are very welcome. I use the Opera browser: http://www.opera.com Among other things (like having tabs for ages!): - enable/disable tables and divs (like you do) - enable/disable images with a keystroke, or only show cached images. - enable/disable CSS - banner supressing (aggressive) - enable/disable scripting - fit to page width (for those annoying sites that insist on using a fixed width of about 400 pixels, less than 1/3 of my actual screen size) - apply your custom CSS or javascript on any page - edit the page source and *refresh* the original page to reflect your changes All of this makes a very smooth web navigation - specially on a slow computer or slow connection. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Join strings - very simple Q.
On Mar 25, 12:32 am, Paulo da Silva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: John Machin escreveu: .. Python 2.2.3 (#42, May 30 2003, 18:12:08) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. | help(.join) Help on built-in function join: join(...) S.join(sequence) - string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the sequence. The separator between elements is S. | OK, I'll bite: This was new in late 2000 when Python 2.0 was released. Where have you been in the last ~6.5 years? In a response to one of my posts I was told 'string' is obsolet. 'string' was enough for me, but if it is obsolet then there should be a *new* way, isn't it? The *new* way I was told to use is str methods. I tried that *new* way to do *old* 'string' job. So much was obvious from your post. Voila the reason of my so pertinent question. What was not obvious was (1) if you have been using Python for a while, how you managed to be unaware of str methods (2) if you are a newbie, how you managed to find out about the string module but not find out about str methods [e.g. it's easy to miss the one line in the official Python tutorial that refers to them] (3) why you were not using obvious(?) methods to find out for yourself -- much faster than posing a question on the newsgroup, and you don't have to face the possibility of an impertinent response :-) I am deeply sorry to have disturbed you in your python's heaven. I wasn't disturbed at all (you would have to try much harder), only mildly curious. Next time I'll read all books available, all texts including the python formal description before posting, A rather strange way of finding an answer to a simple question. A focussed search (or an index!) is more appropriate. Why would you expect the python formal description to have details on the syntax of individual class methods? Do you always do a serial scan of all tables for any database query? In addition to approaches I mentioned earlier, you could try: (1) going to the docs page on the Python website (http:// www.python.org/doc/), click on the Search link about one-third down the page, and search for join. You would get 6 results, one of which is join() (string method) (2) If you are using Windows, use the index tab in the Python-supplied docs gadget: type in join and get the same 6 results. I believe this facility is available (through a 3rd party) on Linux. [Having the docs on your PC or USB storage device is very useful if you are working in an environment where access to the Internet is restricted]. (3) Use Google groups, go to comp.lang.python, type join string into the search box, and click on Search this group. First result is the current thread; most (or maybe all) of the next six or so will give you the syntax your were looking for. (4) Using Google or any other reasonable web searcher, search for the 3 words: Python join string. Any one of the first few hits gives the answer you were seeking. HTH, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python object overhead?
En Sat, 24 Mar 2007 18:07:57 -0300, Felipe Almeida Lessa [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: On 3/23/07, Bjoern Schliessmann [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: (Note that almost everything in Python is an object!) Could you tell me what in Python isn't an object? Are you counting old-style classes and instances as not objects? The syntax, by example; an if statement is not an object. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
qt ver. 3, linux, windows, and modal forms
Hi, I'm having a problem with modal forms on windows. I've written a very short test program, with a main window and a form called from the main window. The form is set to modal with form.setModal(1) before calling form.show(). All works as expected on Linux. The form is modal, not allowing the main window to received the focus. If I call the form from within itself, the topmost form is modal, and not of the previous forms will receive the focus until the topmost form is closed; then the next topmost is modal, and so on. However, on Windows XP Pro (at work - don't use windows at home), the form is not modal. The main window will receive the focus with a mouse click even though the modal form is still on top. The source code is identical on both OS's. Has anyone run into this before? Is there a fix? I haven't been able to find anything with google searches, and Trolltech's forums don't seem to have any entries addressing the problem, either. I have a progam that I'm writing for work using Qt and Python, which was like pulling teeth with our Microsoft oriented IT department, and I very much do not want to tell them that it's not going to work (modal forms are essential). Thanks for your help, Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
bugs.python.org has been compromised (urgent)
Just got comment spam in:
http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7722/order-cialis.html
http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7722/order-cialis.html order cialis
http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7723/order-tramadol.html order tramadol
Seems someone found a nice hole in python.org and someone should be
severely spanked for allowing for JavaScript injection:
script language=javascriptdocument.write(unescape('%3C%73%63%72%69%70
...
PS: I probably won't read this group much after this initial post, but my
email address in the header works.
PPS: comment spam has been reported the normal way as well.
--
John MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
personal page: http://johnbokma.com/
Experienced programmer available: http://castleamber.com/
Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anyone know of a MICR parser algorithm written in Python?
On Mar 24, 2:05 pm, mkppk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: MICR = The line of digits printed using magnetic ink at the bottom of a check. Does anyone know of a Python function that has been written to parse a line of MICR data? Or, some financial package that may contain such a thing? Or, in general, where I should be looking when looking for a piece of Python code that may have already been written by someone? I'm working on a project that involves a check scanner the produces the raw MICR line as text. Now, that raw MICR needs to be parsed for the various pieces of info. The problem with MICR is that there is no standard layout. There are some general rules for item placement, but beyond that it is up to the individual banks to define how they choose to position the information. I did find an old C program written by someone at IBM... But I've read it and it is Not code that would nicely convert to Python (maybe its all the Python I'm used to, be it seems very poorly written). Here is the link to that C code:ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/retail/poseng/4610/4610micr.zip I've even tried using boost to generate a Python module, but that didn't go well, and in the end is not going to be a solution for me anyway.. really need access to the Python source. Any help at all would be appreciated, -mkp Is there a spec somewhere for this data? Googling for MICR data format specification and similar gives links to specifications for the MICR character *fonts*, but not for the data content. And you are right, reverse-engineering this code is more than a 10- minute exercise. (However, the zip file *does* include a nice set of test cases, which might be better than the C code as a starting point for new code.) -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Idiom for running compiled python scripts?
On Sat, 24 Mar 2007 07:21:21 -0700, irstas wrote:
Also, rstrip doesn't work like you think it does.
'pyxyypp.py'.rstrip('.py') == 'pyx'
Well there is embarrassing confirmation that I am a python newbie :(
I timed it against running plain .py and running .pyc directly. It
seemed to be roughly on par with running .pyc directly, and about 18ms
faster than running .py. The file had 600 lines (21kb) of code.
So see my point at least? I'm still not sure why this approach is
ill-favoured?
Thanks very much for all the detailed responses here.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better webpage filter
Gabriel Genellina wrote: I use the Opera browser: http://www.opera.com Among other things (like having tabs for ages!): - enable/disable tables and divs (like you do) - enable/disable images with a keystroke, or only show cached images. - enable/disable CSS - banner supressing (aggressive) - enable/disable scripting - fit to page width (for those annoying sites that insist on using a fixed width of about 400 pixels, less than 1/3 of my actual screen size) - apply your custom CSS or javascript on any page - edit the page source and *refresh* the original page to reflect your changes All of this makes a very smooth web navigation - specially on a slow computer or slow connection. Thanks! I forgot about that one. It does what I want natively so I will go that route for now. Still I think there must be some use for my method of filtering. It's just too good to not have some use :-) Maybe in the future -when web pages will add new advertisement tactics faster than web browser builders can change their toolbox or instruct their users. After all, I was editing the filter script on one screen and another screen was using the new filter as soon as I had saved it. Maybe someday someone will write a GUI where one can click some radio buttons that would define what goes through and what not. Possibly such a filter could be collectively maintained on a live webpage with an update frequency of a few seconds or something. Just to make sure we're prepared for the worst :-) A. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: fine grain logging cotrol
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: I've never resorted to the debugger -- it's always been faster for me to just wolf-fence* code with print statements... depends on the situation for me. normally I use log statements that turn on or off based on predicates (now I need to figure out how to handle a SIGUSR1 to reload the who-logs info) hence this quest. when done it's going into my rcsoc (random cross section of code) collection which I'll publish one of these days. Also, I need to see if I can make this lower overhead by pre computing as much of the predicate term as possible and perform the test before calling a log statement. I put in *lots* of log statements but leave most of them off until needed. different form of wolf fence. Could you possibly be confusing the execution of the def statement... Remember, in Python class and def are executable statements themselves. That is, what you are seeing during __new__ is the execution of the statement that defines the get_logger method, NOT a call of get_logger itself. I know def executes. forth plays similar games and I spent a *lot* of time in the guts of forth. With python, I'm just not familiar enough with what goes on beneath the sheets. Ah.. Okay... the wolf howled... Looking deeper at the code, it is not a direct call to get_logger, but an indirect one via the dictionary entry. right. still not comfortable the property call. if I'm reading the right docs, the first arg is a get method and I'm not sure how a logger fills that need. classdict[_Felis.alpha__logger] None the less, your posted code did have too many _ on the init, meaning the initialization never took place, AND the references to test_names needs to be prefixed with self. my most common brain fades. I also miss tt/ttt, ss/sss, 1l and probably a few others. I sometimes think IDE's should have a did you mean function to alert you to stuff that's almost right. kind of like the lisp programmer's assistant. --- eric -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: qt ver. 3, linux, windows, and modal forms
On Saturday 24 March 2007 23:08, Mike wrote: I'm having a problem with modal forms on windows. I've written a very short test program, with a main window and a form called from the main window. The form is set to modal with form.setModal(1) before calling form.show(). Is form an instance of a QWidget subclass or a QDialog subclass? Have you tried calling form.exec_loop() instead of form.show()? All works as expected on Linux. The form is modal, not allowing the main window to received the focus. If I call the form from within itself, the topmost form is modal, and not of the previous forms will receive the focus until the topmost form is closed; then the next topmost is modal, and so on. This sounds like the desired behaviour. However, on Windows XP Pro (at work - don't use windows at home), the form is not modal. The main window will receive the focus with a mouse click even though the modal form is still on top. But this should show the same behaviour. I suspect that the use of show() rather than exec_loop() leads to the platform-specific behaviour you are seeing. The source code is identical on both OS's. Has anyone run into this before? Is there a fix? I haven't been able to find anything with google searches, and Trolltech's forums don't seem to have any entries addressing the problem, either. I have a progam that I'm writing for work using Qt and Python, which was like pulling teeth with our Microsoft oriented IT department, and I very much do not want to tell them that it's not going to work (modal forms are essential). Modal forms are quite commonplace, so they should work as you expect. If you above advice doesn't help, you'll need to supply some more information about the versions of Qt, PyQt, SIP and Python you are using. David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pattern for foo tool - API - shell|GUI
On Saturday 24 March 2007 18:55, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 10:31 am, Anastasios Hatzis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm looking for a pattern where different client implementations can use the same commands of some fictive tool (foo) by accessing some kind of API. Actually I have the need for such pattern for my own tool (http://openswarm.sourceforge.net). I already started restructuring my code to separate the actual command implementations from the command-line scripts (which is optparser-based now) and have some ideas how to proceed. But probably there is already a good pattern used for Python-based tools. In the case that some of you are interested into this topic and my recent thoughts, you may want to have a look at the description below. Any comments are very much appreciated. Hopefully this list is a good place for discussing a pattern, otherwise I would be okay to move this to another place. Thank you. Here we go: The tool package itself provides several commands, although not important for the pattern itself, here some examples: modifying user-specific preferences, creating and changing project settings files, project-related code-generation, or combinations of such commands ... later also commands for transformation between several XML formats etc. The classes which implement these commands are currently in multiple modules, each having a class named CmdHandler. I have some Python scripts (each having a ScriptHandler classes), for use via command-line. Each ScriptHandler class is responsible to add all related command-line options and process those provided by the user (based on optparse library from Python standard lib). The script then calls the corresponding command and provide the verified options as parameters. Due to the nature of the tool under specific conditions the following results may come during command execution: * successful execution, no interaction * critical error, execution cancelled * user interaction needed (e.g. prompt user to approve replace existing directory (yes/no), prompt user to provide an alternative option) Command-line interactions work simply with raw_input(). So far this works. Nevertheless, there are some other aspects that could be improved, but this is another topic: The tool uses custom exceptions (e.g. for critical errors) and logging features (based on logging from Python standard lib). Currently no automated tests, but I have to add. For the next step I plan to support not only my own command-line scripts, but also a GUI to access the commands, as well as 3rd-party products (themselves command-line scripts or GUIs, such as foo plugins for any 3rd-party-tools). As far as I see, these clients need to implement a handler that: (1) Collecting all required parameters and optional parameters from a user (2) Provide these parameters for a particular call to command API (3) Provides some kind of hooks that are called back from the API on specific events, e.g. Question with user-choice; Information with user-input (4) Provide a logging handler object from the tool logging class or a sub-class of that in the case that a client-specific logging object should be triggered on each debug, message, warning etc. (1) is very client-specific, e.g. in a GUI via dialogs. (2) Each command provides a signature for all required/optional parameters. They are all verified from the command itself, although a client could do some verification at the first place. (3) Example use-case: a command needs to know if the user wants the command to proceed with a particular action, e.g. Do you want to delete bar.txt? with Yes, No and Cancel choice. So the client's handler object (which is provided as first parameter to each command) implements client-specific features to show the user this question (e.g. pop-up dialog with question and three buttons), receive the user input (clicking one of the buttons) and pass this choice back to the foo API. Alternatively some kind of text information could be required, as in raw_input(), so actually this probably would be two different interaction features to be implemented. (4) The foo API also provides a logging class. The client needs to initialize such an object and provide it as member of the handler object provided to the API. I wonder if some clients may have own logging features and want to include all log messages from foo tool to the own logs. In this case a client could its own sub-class of the foo logging class and extending it with callbacks to its (client-)native logging object. What do you think about this? Best regards, Anastasios I think if you want to use a GUI, wxpython or Tkinter would work well for you. wxPython has more widgets from the start, but is also more complex. Tkinter is good for quick and dirty GUIs, but gets increasingly more
Re: bugs.python.org has been compromised (urgent)
John Just got comment spam in: John http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7722/order-cialis.html John http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7722/order-cialis.html order cialis John http:// bugs.py thon.org/file7723/order-tramadol.html order tramadol Yes, we know about it and are working on solving the problem. Thanks, Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
persistent plot windows
Hi all, I'm trying to write a python script using plotting form pylab. Unfortunatelly I've encountered a problem. When I run the script via 'python myscript.py' the plot windows open and close very quickly, or when I added the show() command the shell window was locked until I closed the figures. My question is: is there a way to open those windows in the background without blocking the shell and without running it interactively?? something like gnuplot -persist? Thanks all, Rodrigo Lopez-Negrete -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Idiom for running compiled python scripts?
On Sat, 24 Mar 2007 07:21:21 -0700, irstas wrote:
A simple implementation that works:
Not quite irstas BTW ..
import imp, sys, os
c = sys.argv[1]
if not os.path.exists(c + 'c') or os.stat(c).st_mtime os.stat(c +
'c').st_mtime:
import compiler
compiler.compileFile(c)
del sys.argv[0]
imp.load_compiled('__main__', c + 'c')
The above doesn't actually work for my test script. I have an atexit
call in the script which is deleting some temp files and I get the
following traceback on termination when run with the above:
Error in atexit._run_exitfuncs:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File atexit.py, line 24, in _run_exitfuncs
func(*targs, **kargs)
File /home/mark/bin/myscript.py, line 523, in delete
if files.tempdir:
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'tempdir'
Error in sys.exitfunc:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File /usr/lib/python2.4/atexit.py, line 24, in _run_exitfuncs
func(*targs, **kargs)
File /home/mark/bin/myscript.py, line 523, in delete
if files.tempdir:
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'tempdir'
The appropriate source code is:
At the start of main() ..
# Ensure all temp files deleted on exit
import atexit
atexit.register(files.delete)
and then from my class files:
@staticmethod
def delete():
'''Called to delete all temp files'''
if files.tempdir:
shutil.rmtree(files.tempdir)
Something about the environment is not quite the same. Any ideas?
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Step value and function
Hi there. So I have a challenge in the Python book I am using (python programming for the absolute beginner) that tells me to improve a function, so that it can be called with a step value, and I havn't been able to find out yet what's meant by a step value, but i'll keep looking of course. I'd just be grateful if someone could illimunate this for me. Thanks in advance. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
question about C extensions
Hi:
I have a question about extending python with C. I have read the docs
and done some googling, but come up short on this particular (small)
problem. I want to write a c extension to int. In particular, I want
to grab the memory for the int from an alternative heap. I am confused
about 2 things: (1) Do I need to call the __init__ function for int
itself, and if so, how do I do that? (2) Do I supply my own tp_alloc
function to retrieve the memory for my new elements, and if so, what
should it look like? (Assume for the moment that I simply plan to do a
malloc.)
I have attached code that does most of the work and has my initials
(RMB) at a couple of the pieces of code I think I may need.
Any pointers to fairly specific examples would be appreciated. I have
found non-specific examples a bit confusing.
Thanks.
--ralph
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
setup (name = intext,
version = 1.0,
maintainer = rbutler,
maintainer_email = [EMAIL PROTECTED],
description = shared memory objects,
ext_modules = [Extension('intext',sources=['intext.c'])]
)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# inherit from int
import intext
x = intext.INTEXT(44)
print type(x)
print x
print int(x) + 33
#include Python.h
static PyTypeObject *INTEXT_type_p;
#define PyINTEXT_Check(obj) ((obj)-ob_type == INTEXT_type_p)
typedef struct newtypeobjectstruct
{
PyObject_HEAD
int *intextp;
} pyintext;
static PyObject *pyintext_tp_alloc(PyTypeObject *type, int nitems)
{
printf(tpalloc: nitems=%d\n,nitems);
// RMB: grab memory for the object
return (PyObject *) NULL;
}
static int pyintext_init(pyintext *self, PyObject *args)
{
int iv;
if ( ! PyArg_ParseTuple(args,i,iv))
return -1;
printf(init iv=%d\n,iv);
// RMB: invoke the super class __init__ ??
return 0;
}
static char INTEXT_type_doc[] = intext type doc;
PyTypeObject INTEXTType = {
PyObject_HEAD_INIT(PyType_Type) 0, /* ob_size */
intext.INTEXT, /* tp_name */
sizeof(pyintext),/* tp_basicsize */
0, /* tp_itemsize */
0, /* tp_dealloc */
(printfunc) NULL,/* tp_print */
0, /* tp_getattr*/
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_compare */
0, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
0, /* tp_as_sequence */
0, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
0, /* tp_getattro */
0, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS, /* tp_flags */
INTEXT_type_doc,/* tp_doc */
0, /* tp_traverse */
0, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
0, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
0, /* tp_methods */
0, /* tp_members */
0, /* tp_getset */
PyInt_Type,/* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
0, /* tp_descr_get */
0, /* tp_descr_set */
0, /* tp_dictoffset */
(initproc) pyintext_init, /* tp_init */
pyintext_tp_alloc, /* tp_alloc */
PyType_GenericNew, /* tp_new */
0, /* tp_free */
0, /* tp_is_gc */
};
static char intext_module_doc[] = intext module doc;
static struct PyMethodDef intext_module_methods[] = {
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};
void initintext(void)
{
PyObject *m;
/* Create the module and add the functions */
INTEXT_type_p = INTEXTType;
INTEXTType.ob_type = PyType_Type;
if (PyType_Ready(INTEXT_type_p) 0)
return;
m = Py_InitModule3(intext,intext_module_methods,intext_module_doc);
if (!m)
{
printf(Py_InitModule3 failed\n);
return;
}
Py_INCREF(INTEXT_type_p);
PyModule_AddObject(m, INTEXT, (PyObject *) INTEXTType);
}
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anyone know of a MICR parser algorithm written in Python?
On Mar 24, 4:55 pm, Paul McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 2:05 pm, mkppk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: MICR = The line of digits printed using magnetic ink at the bottom of a check. Does anyone know of a Python function that has been written to parse a line of MICR data? Or, some financial package that may contain such a thing? Or, in general, where I should be looking when looking for a piece of Python code that may have already been written by someone? I'm working on a project that involves a check scanner the produces the raw MICR line as text. Now, that raw MICR needs to be parsed for the various pieces of info. The problem with MICR is that there is no standard layout. There are some general rules for item placement, but beyond that it is up to the individual banks to define how they choose to position the information. I did find an old C program written by someone at IBM... But I've read it and it is Not code that would nicely convert to Python (maybe its all the Python I'm used to, be it seems very poorly written). Here is the link to that C code:ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/retail/poseng/4610/4610micr.zip I've even tried using boost to generate a Python module, but that didn't go well, and in the end is not going to be a solution for me anyway.. really need access to the Python source. Any help at all would be appreciated, -mkp Is there a spec somewhere for this data? Googling for MICR data format specification and similar gives links to specifications for the MICR character *fonts*, but not for the data content. And you are right, reverse-engineering this code is more than a 10- minute exercise. (However, the zip file *does* include a nice set of test cases, which might be better than the C code as a starting point for new code.) -- Paul Well, the problem is that the specification is that there is no specification, thats just the way the MICR data line has evolved in the banking industry unfortunately for us developers.. That being said, there are obviusly enough banking companies out that with enough example data to have intelligent parsers that handle all the variations. And the C program appears to have all that built into it. Its just that I would rather not reinvent the wheel (or read old C code).. So, the search continues.. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: qt ver. 3, linux, windows, and modal forms
Answers interspersed. David Boddie wrote: On Saturday 24 March 2007 23:08, Mike wrote: I'm having a problem with modal forms on windows. I've written a very short test program, with a main window and a form called from the main window. The form is set to modal with form.setModal(1) before calling form.show(). Is form an instance of a QWidget subclass or a QDialog subclass? QDialog Have you tried calling form.exec_loop() instead of form.show()? Yes All works as expected on Linux. The form is modal, not allowing the main window to received the focus. If I call the form from within itself, the topmost form is modal, and not of the previous forms will receive the focus until the topmost form is closed; then the next topmost is modal, and so on. This sounds like the desired behaviour. However, on Windows XP Pro (at work - don't use windows at home), the form is not modal. The main window will receive the focus with a mouse click even though the modal form is still on top. But this should show the same behaviour. I suspect that the use of show() rather than exec_loop() leads to the platform-specific behaviour you are seeing. Tried both - didn't make any difference. The source code is identical on both OS's. Has anyone run into this before? Is there a fix? I haven't been able to find anything with google searches, and Trolltech's forums don't seem to have any entries addressing the problem, either. I have a progam that I'm writing for work using Qt and Python, which was like pulling teeth with our Microsoft oriented IT department, and I very much do not want to tell them that it's not going to work (modal forms are essential). Modal forms are quite commonplace, so they should work as you expect. If you above advice doesn't help, you'll need to supply some more information about the versions of Qt, PyQt, SIP and Python you are using. I'll have to get back to you on that one. I'm at home now (weekend). Will get versions from work and let you know. David Thanks so much, Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python Game Programming Challenge #4 -- theme voting has started!
The next PyWeek game programming challenge starts next Sunday at 00:00UTC. If you're interested, there's definitely still time to sign up to the challenge. http://www.pyweek.org/ Theme voting has started. You may now log into (or sign up to ;) the PyWeek website to lodge your vote for theme. The themes to choose from are: The only way is up Underneath the radar One way or another Don't stop till you get enough The final countdown Come along and join in the fun :) Richard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Step value and function
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi there. So I have a challenge in the Python book I am using (python programming for the absolute beginner) that tells me to improve a function, so that it can be called with a step value, and I havn't been able to find out yet what's meant by a step value, but i'll keep looking of course. I'd just be grateful if someone could illimunate this for me. Thanks in advance. Trivial and redundant examples, but you get the point: def doit(start, stop): for i in range(start, stop): print i def doit_step(start, stop, step): for i in range(start, stop, step): print i At work: py doit(2, 11) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 py doit_step(2, 11, 2) 2 4 6 8 10 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: persistent plot windows
Rodrigo Lopez-Negrete wrote: Hi all, I'm trying to write a python script using plotting form pylab. Unfortunatelly I've encountered a problem. When I run the script via 'python myscript.py' the plot windows open and close very quickly, or when I added the show() command the shell window was locked until I closed the figures. My question is: is there a way to open those windows in the background without blocking the shell and without running it interactively?? something like gnuplot -persist? Thanks all, Rodrigo Lopez-Negrete python whatever.py (Don't forget the ampersand!) James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: persistent plot windows
Hi James, Thanks for the answer, the ampersand only works if I use the show() command at the end of my script. I guess that helps although I haven't tested it with plotting subroutines. cheers, Rodrigo On Mar 24, 6:50 pm, James Stroud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rodrigo Lopez-Negrete wrote: Hi all, I'm trying to write a python script using plotting form pylab. Unfortunatelly I've encountered a problem. When I run the script via 'python myscript.py' the plot windows open and close very quickly, or when I added the show() command the shell window was locked until I closed the figures. My question is: is there a way to open those windows in the background without blocking the shell and without running it interactively?? something like gnuplot -persist? Thanks all, Rodrigo Lopez-Negrete python whatever.py (Don't forget the ampersand!) James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Idiom for running compiled python scripts?
En Sat, 24 Mar 2007 20:46:15 -0300, Mark [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: The above doesn't actually work for my test script. I have an atexit call in the script which is deleting some temp files and I get the following traceback on termination when run with the above: Error in atexit._run_exitfuncs: Traceback (most recent call last): File atexit.py, line 24, in _run_exitfuncs func(*targs, **kargs) File /home/mark/bin/myscript.py, line 523, in delete if files.tempdir: AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'tempdir' I don't know exactly what happened so it doesn't work anymore (and it worked before) but script finalization is always a bit fragile. All values in all modules dictionaries (holding globals) are set to None (presumably to help garbage collection by breaking cycles). When your delete function is called, globals like shutil or files are already gone. A way to avoid this problem is to hold a reference to all required globals, so your delete function would become: @staticmethod def delete(files=files,rmtree=shutil.rmtree): '''Called to delete all temp files''' if files.tempdir: rmtree(files.tempdir) But I'm not sure if this is enough because rmtree relies on the os module to do its work. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 2007, at 12:30 PM, Robert Hicks wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't uninstall it. That's why Apple put python under /Library/Frameworks/ Python.framework/Versions. So you can have multiple versions installed. Hopefully you left Apple's default install of 2.3.5 unmolested as well. My best advise is to download the binaries from python.org and install. This gives you a nice universal framework build, compete with readline support. If you do elect to build it yourself, just make sure to read the Mac specific documentation (which tells how to generate a framework build). Whichever route you take, /usr/local/bin/python and /Library/ Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin/python will point to pyhon2.5. Since you already have 2.4x I assume your path already contains /usr/local/bin -- otherwise, you'll probably keep picking up the default 2.3.5 in /usr/bin. It looks like Stackless has a Mac binary install as well. Does anybody here know if I can install that on top of a stock 2.5 without breaking things? regards, Michael --- Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. -Leonardo da Vinci -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 2007, at 12:55 PM, 7stud wrote: In addition, the download notes for the stand alone MacPython 2.5 install say that there aren't as many modules for 2.5 as there are for the 2.4, which is something you may want to consider. There aren't as many pre-built modules for 2.5 at the MacPython site. That's not to say you can't easily build your own, mind you -- assuming you've got developer tools installed. regards, Michael --- A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it. -Albert Einstein -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
No, the OSX version is like 2.3 something. I installed the 2.4.4 version in /usr/local bypassing the Apple stuff. Oh! Well then: ---[cut here]--- # danger will robinson -- use at your own risk ;-) rm /usr/local/bin/python* rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python ---[snip]--- Is the uninstall program :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
functions, classes, bound, unbound?
Here is some example code that produces an error: class Test(object): def greet(): print Hello t = Test() t.greet() TypeError: greet() takes no arguments (1 given) Ok. That makes sense. t.greet() is a bound method, so something automatically relays the instance object to greet(), and since greet() is defined with no parameters--Error. Hmmm...I know from testing several examples that if I call a function that's defined inside a class, and I use the class name preceding the function call, then I have to send the instance manually. So, based on that error message, I'll just call the method using the class name and not send the instance object: Test.greet() TypeError: unbound method greet() must be called with Test instance as first argument (got nothing instead) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: functions, classes, bound, unbound?
On 24 Mar 2007 20:24:36 -0700, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here is some example code that produces an error: [snip] Why do people absolutely *love* to do weird and ugly things with Python? Contests apart, I don't see lots of people trying this kind of things on other (common) languages. Say with me: Python is powerful, but I'll use that power *only* for beautiful and straightforward code. Further reading: http://www.python.org/doc/Humor.html#zen -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Idiom for running compiled python scripts?
On Sat, 24 Mar 2007 22:59:06 +, Mark wrote: I timed it against running plain .py and running .pyc directly. It seemed to be roughly on par with running .pyc directly, and about 18ms faster than running .py. The file had 600 lines (21kb) of code. So see my point at least? I'm still not sure why this approach is ill-favoured? Because this is entirely a trivial saving. Who cares? Sheesh. That's less than the natural variation in execution speed caused by (e.g.) network events on your PC. I've just run the same do-nothing script (a simple pass) three times, and got times of 338ms, 67ms and 74ms. That's a variation of 271 milliseconds between runs of the same script, and you care about 18ms??? Saving 18ms on a script that takes 50ms to execute *might* be worthwhile, if you're using that script in an automated system that executes it thousands of times. If you're calling it by hand, come on now, you're not even going to notice the difference! 50ms is close enough to instantaneous that 32ms is not detectably faster to the human eye. If you save 18ms one thousand times a day, you save a grand total of ... eighteen seconds. Wow. Now you can spend more time with your family. As of 2005, the world's fastest typist Barbara Blackburn has been clocked at a peak of 212 words per minute for short bursts. Assuming an average of five key strokes per word (including the space) that's about 18 key presses per second, or 55 milliseconds per key press. A more realistic figure for the average professional typist is about six key presses per second, or 160 milliseconds per key press, and that's for pure transposition (copying). If you've got to think carefully about what you're typing, like sys admins do, the average time per key press is significantly larger. In other words, unless you can save AT LEAST 160 milliseconds, it isn't worth typing even one more character. If you have to type one extra character to save 18ms, you're actually 140ms worse off. I can't believe the number of people who are spending this amount of time worrying about such a trivial saving, and I can't believe that I've let myself be suckered into this discussion. Don't you people have lives??? -- Steven who has no life, which is why he is spending time complaining about people who have no lives. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 8:18 pm, Michael Bentley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 2007, at 12:30 PM, Robert Hicks wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't uninstall it. That's why Apple put python under /Library/Frameworks/ Python.framework/Versions. So you can have multiple versions installed. /Libary/Frameworks/ is an empty directory(except for . and ..) on my Mac, and I have 2.3.5 installed somewhere. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
On Mar 24, 9:40 pm, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 8:18 pm, Michael Bentley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 2007, at 12:30 PM, Robert Hicks wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't uninstall it. That's why Apple put python under /Library/Frameworks/ Python.framework/Versions. So you can have multiple versions installed. /Libary/Frameworks/ is an empty directory(except for . and ..) on my Mac, and I have 2.3.5 installed somewhere. I mean /Library/Frameworks Misspelled it in the post, but not when I searched it. I did an ls - al on it and got this: $ ls -al /Library/Frameworks total 0 drwxrwxr-x2 root admin68 Jul 1 2006 . drwxrwxr-t 43 root admin 1462 Feb 20 14:31 .. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
The only way you can do is rermove python2.4.4's files manually. I suggest you to use MacPorts or Fink. With MacPort, you can uninstall python2.4 by doing $ port uninstall python24 And Installation is $ port install python25 On 24 Mar 2007 10:30:28 -0700, Robert Hicks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Robert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: functions, classes, bound, unbound?
On Sat, 24 Mar 2007 20:24:36 -0700, 7stud wrote: Here is some example code that produces an error: class Test(object): def greet(): print Hello t = Test() t.greet() TypeError: greet() takes no arguments (1 given) Ok. That makes sense. t.greet() is a bound method, so something automatically relays the instance object to greet(), and since greet() is defined with no parameters--Error. Hmmm...I know from testing several examples that if I call a function that's defined inside a class, and I use the class name preceding the function call, then I have to send the instance manually. So, based on that error message, I'll just call the method using the class name and not send the instance object: Test.greet() TypeError: unbound method greet() must be called with Test instance as first argument (got nothing instead) Is there a question hidden there somewhere, or are you just reporting on a fact you have learned and are excited about? Instance methods always need a self parameter, even if you call them from the class. That's why you have to provide the instance by hand if you call them from the class. If you are trying to create a method that doesn't take a self argument, have a look at the staticmethod function. There's also a classmethod function as well. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing Python 2.4.4 on OSX
7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 9:40 pm, 7stud [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 8:18 pm, Michael Bentley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mar 24, 2007, at 12:30 PM, Robert Hicks wrote: I want to upgrade to 2.5 but I don't see any unistall instructions anywhere. Don't uninstall it. That's why Apple put python under /Library/Frameworks/ Python.framework/Versions. So you can have multiple versions installed. /Libary/Frameworks/ is an empty directory(except for . and ..) on my Mac, and I have 2.3.5 installed somewhere. I mean /Library/Frameworks Misspelled it in the post, but not when I searched it. I did an ls - al on it and got this: $ ls -al /Library/Frameworks total 0 drwxrwxr-x2 root admin68 Jul 1 2006 . drwxrwxr-t 43 root admin 1462 Feb 20 14:31 .. Try /System/Library/Frameworks ... Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Using remote source code
Is there any possible way that I can place a .py file on the internet, and use that source code in an .py file on my computer? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: functions, classes, bound, unbound?
7stud wrote: Here is some example code that produces an error: class Test(object): def greet(): print Hello t = Test() t.greet() TypeError: greet() takes no arguments (1 given) [snip] Test.greet() TypeError: unbound method greet() must be called with Test instance as first argument (got nothing instead) Methods in a class are generally expected to take an instance as their first argument, but your greet() method takes no arguments. This is because classes don't invoke the function directly, they convert it to an 'unbound method' object:: class Test(object): ... def greet(): ... print 'Hello' ... Test.greet unbound method Test.greet Test.greet() Traceback (most recent call last): File interactive input, line 1, in module TypeError: unbound method greet() must be called with Test instance as first argument (got nothing instead) If you really want to get to the original function, there are a couple of options. You can go through the class's __dict__, or you can wrap your method with a @staticmethod decorator (which tells the class not to wrap the function when you try to use it):: Test.__dict__['greet'] function greet at 0x00E708B0 Test.__dict__['greet']() Hello class Test(object): ... @staticmethod ... def greet(): ... print 'Hello' ... Test.greet function greet at 0x00E7D2F0 Test.greet() Hello STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: question about C extensions
I think I may have figured all this out by looking at examples in the
python source, e.g. xxsubtype.c etc. Nonetheless, I would appreciate
any extra info others might provide.
Thanks again.
--ralph
Ralph Butler wrote:
Hi:
I have a question about extending python with C. I have read the docs
and done some googling, but come up short on this particular (small)
problem. I want to write a c extension to int. In particular, I want
to grab the memory for the int from an alternative heap. I am confused
about 2 things: (1) Do I need to call the __init__ function for int
itself, and if so, how do I do that? (2) Do I supply my own tp_alloc
function to retrieve the memory for my new elements, and if so, what
should it look like? (Assume for the moment that I simply plan to do a
malloc.)
I have attached code that does most of the work and has my initials
(RMB) at a couple of the pieces of code I think I may need.
Any pointers to fairly specific examples would be appreciated. I have
found non-specific examples a bit confusing.
Thanks.
--ralph
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
setup (name = intext,
version = 1.0,
maintainer = rbutler,
maintainer_email = [EMAIL PROTECTED],
description = shared memory objects,
ext_modules = [Extension('intext',sources=['intext.c'])]
)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# inherit from int
import intext
x = intext.INTEXT(44)
print type(x)
print x
print int(x) + 33
#include Python.h
static PyTypeObject *INTEXT_type_p;
#define PyINTEXT_Check(obj) ((obj)-ob_type == INTEXT_type_p)
typedef struct newtypeobjectstruct
{
PyObject_HEAD
int *intextp;
} pyintext;
static PyObject *pyintext_tp_alloc(PyTypeObject *type, int nitems)
{
printf(tpalloc: nitems=%d\n,nitems);
// RMB: grab memory for the object
return (PyObject *) NULL;
}
static int pyintext_init(pyintext *self, PyObject *args)
{
int iv;
if ( ! PyArg_ParseTuple(args,i,iv))
return -1;
printf(init iv=%d\n,iv);
// RMB: invoke the super class __init__ ??
return 0;
}
static char INTEXT_type_doc[] = intext type doc;
PyTypeObject INTEXTType = {
PyObject_HEAD_INIT(PyType_Type) 0, /* ob_size */
intext.INTEXT, /* tp_name */
sizeof(pyintext),/* tp_basicsize */
0, /* tp_itemsize */
0, /* tp_dealloc */
(printfunc) NULL,/* tp_print */
0, /* tp_getattr*/
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_compare */
0, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
0, /* tp_as_sequence */
0, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
0, /* tp_getattro */
0, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS, /* tp_flags */
INTEXT_type_doc,/* tp_doc */
0, /* tp_traverse */
0, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
0, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
0, /* tp_methods */
0, /* tp_members */
0, /* tp_getset */
PyInt_Type,/* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
0, /* tp_descr_get */
0, /* tp_descr_set */
0, /* tp_dictoffset */
(initproc) pyintext_init, /* tp_init */
pyintext_tp_alloc, /* tp_alloc */
PyType_GenericNew, /* tp_new */
0, /* tp_free */
0, /* tp_is_gc */
};
static char intext_module_doc[] = intext module doc;
static struct PyMethodDef intext_module_methods[] = {
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};
void initintext(void)
{
PyObject *m;
/* Create the module and add the functions */
INTEXT_type_p = INTEXTType;
INTEXTType.ob_type = PyType_Type;
if (PyType_Ready(INTEXT_type_p) 0)
return;
m =
