date:20080113

  It seems to me that filenames are like snapshots of the locales where they 
 originated.

On Unix, yes. On Windows, NTFS and VFAT represent file names as Unicode
strings always, independent of locale. POSIX file names are byte
strings, and there isn't any good support for recording what their
encoding is.

 If there's a font file from India and I want to open it on my 
 system in South Africa (and I have LANG=C) then it seems that it's impossible 
 to do. If I access the filename it throws a unicodeDecodeError. If I 
 use 'replace' or 'ignore' then I am mangling the filename and I won't be able 
 to open it.

Correct. Notice that there are two ways (currently) in Python to get a
directory listing: with a Unicode directory name, which returns Unicode
strings, and with a byte string directory name, which returns byte
strings. If you think you may have file names with mixed locales, and
the current locale might not match the file name's locale, you should
be using the byte string variant on Unix (which it seems you are already
doing).

Then, if the locale's encoding cannot decode the file names, you have
several options
a) don't try to interpret the file names as character strings, i.e.
   don't decode them. Not sure why you need the file names - if it's
   only to open the files, and never to present the file name to the
   user, not decoding them might be feasible
b) guess an encoding. For file names on Linux, UTF-8 is fairly common,
   so it might be a reasonable guess.
c) accept lossy decoding, i.e. decode with some encoding, and use
   replace as the error handler. You'll have to preserve the original
   file names along with the decoded versions if you later also want to
   operate on the original file.

  My (admittedly uninformed) conception is that by forcing the app to always 
 use utf8 I can access any filename in any encoding.

That's not true. Try open(\xff,w), then try interpreting the file
name as UTF-8. Some byte strings are not meaningful UTF-8, hence that
approach cannot work.

You *can* interpret all file names as ISO-8859-1, but then some file
names will show moji-bake.

 The problem seems to be 
 that I cannot know *what* encoding (and I get encode/decode mixed up still, 
 very new to it all) that particular filename is in.

That's correct, and there is no solution (not in Python, not in any
other programming language). You have to made trade-offs. For that,
you need to analyze precisely what your requirements are.

 I went through this exercise recently and had no joy. It seems the string I 
 chose to use simply would not render - even under 'ignore' and 'replace'. 

I don't understand what would not render means.

 It's really frustrating because I don't speak a non-ascii language and so 
 can't know if I am testing real-world strings or crazy Tolkein strings.

I guess your choices are to either give up, or learn.

 Another aspect of this is wxPython. My app requires the unicode build so that 
 strings have some hope of displaying on the widgets. If I access a font file 
 and fetch the family name - that can be encoded in any way, again unknown, 
 and I want to fetch it as 'unicode' and pass it to the widgets and not worry 
 about what's really going on. Given that, I thought I'd extend the 'utf8' 
 only concept to the app in general. I am sure I am wrong, but I feel cornered 
 at the moment.

Don't confuse utf8 only with unicode only. Having all strings as
Unicode strings is a good thing. Assuming that all encoded text is
encoded in UTF-8 (which is but one encoding for Unicode) is likely
incorrect.

As for font files - I don't know what encoding the family is in, but
I would sure hope that the format specification of the font file format
would also specify what the encoding for the family name is, or that
there are at least established conventions.

 3. I made the decision to check the locale and stop the app if the return
 from getlocale is (None,None).
 I would avoid locale.getlocale. It's a pointless function (IMO).
 Could you say why?

It tries to emulate the C library, but does so incorrectly; this
is inherently unfixable because behavior of the C library can vary
across platforms, and Python can't possibly encode the behavior
of all C libraries in existence on all platforms. In particular,
it has a hard-coded list of what charsets are in use in what locale,
and that list necessarily must be incomplete and may be incorrect.

As a consequence, it will return None if it doesn't know better.
If all you want is the charset of the locale, use
locale.getpreferredencoding().

 gettext.install( domain, localedir, unicode = True )
 lang = gettext.translation(domain, localedir, languages = [loc] )

You could just leave out the languages parameter, and trust gettext
to find some message catalog.

 So, I am using getlocale to get a tuple/list (easy, no?) to pass to the 
 gettext.install function.

Sure - but the parameter is optional.

 Your program definitely, absolutely must work in the

Re: Elementary string-formatting

2008-01-13 Thread Odysseus

In article 
[EMAIL PROTECTED],
 John Machin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

snip
 
 You obviously haven't tried float(n / m), or you wouldn't be asking.

True, it was a very silly idea.

 Most legible and slowest first:
 1. float(n) / float(m)
 2. n / float(m)
 3. 1.0 * n / m

 Recommendation: go with (2) until you find you've got a program with
 a real speed problem (and then it probably won't be caused by this
 choice).

I had actually used n / float(m) at one point; somehow the above struck 
me as an improvement while I was writing the message. Thanks for the 
reality check.

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Re: Elementary string-formatting

2008-01-13 Thread Odysseus

In article 
[EMAIL PROTECTED],
 Roberto Bonvallet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Put this at the beginning of your program:
 
 from __future__ import division
 
 This forces all divisions to yield floating points values:

Thanks for the tip. May I assume the div operator will still behave as 
usual?

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Re: Elementary string-formatting

2008-01-13 Thread John Machin

On Jan 13, 8:43 pm, Odysseus [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 In article
 [EMAIL PROTECTED],
  Roberto Bonvallet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

  Put this at the beginning of your program:

  from __future__ import division

  This forces all divisions to yield floating points values:

 Thanks for the tip. May I assume the div operator will still behave as
 usual?

div operator? The integer division operator is //

 from __future__ import division
 1 / 3
0.1
 1 // 3
0
 22 / 7
3.1428571428571428
 22 // 7
3
 22 div 7
  File stdin, line 1
22 div 7
 ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

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Re: Graphics Module

2008-01-13 Thread Gabriel

On 11 ene, 22:51, Mike [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Jan 11, 3:31 pm, Gabriel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

  Hi all !

  I'm developing a math program that shows graphics of functions.
  I would hear suggestions about the way of drawing 2D .

  Thanks a lot for your answers.

  - Gabriel -

 That's not a very descriptive question, however most people talk about
 matplotlib for graphing and 2D drawings.

 Here's a few links on graphing in Python:

 http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonGraphApihttp://alpha-leonis.lids.mit.edu/nlp/pygraph/http://boost.org/libs/graph/doc/python.htmlhttp://www.python.org/doc/essays/graphs.html

 Some of these may have dependencies, such as numpy or scipy. Be sure
 to read the docs for full details either way.

 Mike


Thanks !

Yes. This is what I was looking for..
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Re: Elementary string-formatting

2008-01-13 Thread Odysseus

In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
 Gary Herron [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Odysseus wrote:

snip
 
  print '%2u %6u %4.2f' % \
  (i, wordcounts[i], 100.0 * wordcounts[i] / wordcounts[0])

 Using 4.2 is the problem.  The first digit (your 4) give the total
 number of characters to use for the number.

Thanks; I was thinking the numbers referred to digits before and after 
the decimal. The largest figures have five characters in all, so they 
were 'overflowing'.

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

Martin,
Thanks, food for thought indeed.

On Unix, yes. On Windows, NTFS and VFAT represent file names as Unicode
strings always, independent of locale. POSIX file names are byte
strings, and there isn't any good support for recording what their
encoding is.
I get my filenames from two sources:
1. A wxPython treeview control (unicode build)
2. os.listdir() with a unicode path passed to it

I have found that os.listdir() does not always return unicode objects when
passed a unicode path. Sometimes byte strings are returned in the list,
mixed-in with unicodes.

I will try the technique given
on:http://www.pyzine.com/Issue008/Section_Articles/article_Encodings.html#guessing-the-encoding
Perhaps that will help.

Re os.listdir():
If you think you may have file names with mixed locales, and
the current locale might not match the file name's locale, you should
be using the byte string variant on Unix (which it seems you are already
doing).
I gather you mean that I should get a unicode path, encode it to a byte string
and then pass that to os.listdir
Then, I suppose, I will have to decode each resulting byte string (via the
detect routines mentioned in the link above) back into unicode - passing
those I simply cannot interpret.

Then, if the locale's encoding cannot decode the file names, you have
several options
a) don't try to interpret the file names as character strings, i.e.
don't decode them. Not sure why you need the file names - if it's
only to open the files, and never to present the file name to the
user, not decoding them might be feasible
So, you reckon I should stick to byte-strings for the low-level file open
stuff? It's a little complicated by my using Python Imaging to access the
font files. It hands it all over to Freetype and really leaves my sphere of
savvy.
I'll do some testing with PIL and byte-string filenames. I wish my memory was
better, I'm pretty sure I've been down that road and all my results kept
pushing me to stick to unicode objects as far as possible.

b) guess an encoding. For file names on Linux, UTF-8 is fairly common,
so it might be a reasonable guess.
c) accept lossy decoding, i.e. decode with some encoding, and use
replace as the error handler. You'll have to preserve the original
file names along with the decoded versions if you later also want to
operate on the original file.
Okay, I'm getting your drift.

That's not true. Try open(\xff,w), then try interpreting the file
name as UTF-8. Some byte strings are not meaningful UTF-8, hence that
approach cannot work.
Okay.

That's correct, and there is no solution (not in Python, not in any
other programming language). You have to made trade-offs. For that,
you need to analyze precisely what your requirements are.
I would say the requirements are:
1. To open font files from any source (locale.)
2. To display their filename on the gui and the console.
3. To fetch some text meta-info (family etc.) via PIL/Freetype and display
same.
4. To write the path and filename to text files.
5. To make soft links (path + filename) to another path.

So, there's a lot of unicode + unicode and os.path.join and so forth going on.

I went through this exercise recently and had no joy. It seems the string
I chose to use simply would not render - even under 'ignore' and
'replace'.
I don't understand what would not render means.
I meant it would not print the name, but constantly throws ascii related
errors.

I don't know if the character will survive this email, but the text I was
trying to display (under LANG=C) in a python script (not the immediate-mode
interpreter) was: MÖgul. The second character is a capital O with an umlaut
(double-dots I think) above it. For some reason I could not get that to
display as M?gul or Mgul.
BTW, I just made that up - it means nothing (to me). I hope it's not a swear
word in some other language :)

As for font files - I don't know what encoding the family is in, but
I would sure hope that the format specification of the font file format
would also specify what the encoding for the family name is, or that
there are at least established conventions.
You'd think. It turns out that font file are anything but simple. I am doing
my best to avoid being sucked-into the black hole of complexity they
represent. I must stick to what PIL/Freetype can do. The internals of
font-files are waay over my head.

I would avoid locale.getlocale. It's a pointless function (IMO).
As a consequence, it will return None if it doesn't know better.
If all you want is the charset of the locale, use
locale.getpreferredencoding().
Brilliant summary - thanks a lot for that.

You could just leave out the languages parameter, and trust gettext
to find some message catalog.
Right - I'll give that a go.

This would mean cutting-out a percentage of the external font files that
can be used by the app.
See above. There are other ways to trade-off.

Re: Elementary string-formatting

2008-01-13 Thread Matt Nordhoff

Odysseus wrote:
 Hello, group: I've just begun some introductory tutorials in Python. 
 Taking off from the word play exercise at
 
 http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/book010.html#toc96
 
 I've written a mini-program to tabulate the number of characters in each 
 word in a file. Once the data have been collected in a list, the output 
 is produced by a while loop that steps through it by incrementing an 
 index i, saying
 
 print '%2u %6u %4.2f' % \
 (i, wordcounts[i], 100.0 * wordcounts[i] / wordcounts[0])

This isn't very important, but instead of keeping track of the index
yourself, you can use enumerate():

 mylist = ['a', 'b', 'c']
 for i, item in enumerate(mylist):
... print i, item
...
0 a
1 b
2 c


Err, it doesn't look like you can make it start at 1 though.

snip
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Re: ftplib question (cannot open data connection)

2008-01-13 Thread Laszlo Nagy


   BUT: active FTP does not just send the data to the port that was in
 the random port that was sent to the server... it addresses to the port
 you sent, but it sends its data response FROM port 20. This means the
 response looks like a totally unsolicited connection attempt from the
 outside -- the firewall doesn't even have enough information to
 determine which machine (if multiple) inside the firewall should be
 receiving the data; since the server is sending the data stream on its
 port 20 and there is no active connection for server:20 to ANY
 client: 
Yes, I know. But it DOES work from inside my NAT network. I have no clue 
how. I'm sure that it is using active connections because this server 
cannot use passive mode. It might be a very clever firewall that does 
packet sniffing for ftp PORT commands. (?) Anyway, the problem is not 
with this computer, it was a counter-example.
 Even if you could tell the firewall to let in connections on
 the specified port, the NAT tables won't know what inside IP to
 translate the inbound server port 20...
   
It does not need to. I can reconfigure the firewall to directly forward 
all incoming TCP connections from a specified port range to a given IP 
inside the internal network. But I do not even need to do that. The 
problem is with a computer that is NOT behind NAT. It is a single 
computer connected directly to the internet, but it has a firewall 
installed. So everything would be fine except one thing: I should tell 
ftplib which port(s) to open, and open those ports on my firewall. For 
example, I can open TCP ports between 5 and 6, and then tell 
ftplib to use ports between 5 and 6 in PORT and EPRT commands. 
How can I do that? If that is not possible, then what is the workaround? 
(Definitely I do not want to turn off the firewall completely on a 
production server.)
   Passive mode turns this around. 
Yep, but this ftp server cannot use passive mode and I cannot change this.

And finally, if this cannot be done in ftplib, then I would like to 
suggest to add this method to Ftp objects. :-)

Best,

   Laszlo

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Re: * AMERICAN BASTARDS DESERVE TO BE RAPED *

2008-01-13 Thread James Matthews

When did this list become a politics dialog? Please keep on topic Python!

Thanks
James

On Jan 12, 2008 8:07 PM, Joe Riopel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Jan 12, 2008 2:00 PM, radiosrfun [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  Whether we agree on tactics or not - if it come to a battlefield with the
  two of us - or any Americans there - we're still going to fight the same
  enemy - not each other.

 This is a good resource for starting Python
 http://diveintopython.org/

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paypal python library

2008-01-13 Thread mobiledreamers

I m trying to program the paypal for accepting payments

Aret there python libraries for the same
thanks
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Re: [Kamaelia] TCPClient: How to sense connection failure?

2008-01-13 Thread Bjoern Schliessmann

Michael Sparks wrote:
 The behaviour you're seeing sounds odd (which is hopefully
 encouraging :-), but it's not clear from the description whether
 its a bug in your code or Kamaelia. One question I really have as
 a result is what version are you using?

Oh sorry, it's the versions from MegaPack 1.4.0.

 In the meantime - whilst I check to see if there's a bug I didn't
 know about, the following 2 cookbook entries may be of use:
* http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/Cookbook/TCPSystems
* http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/Cookbook/Carousels - allows
you to make
  something that exits reusable. It's a little awkward to get
  your head around, but is quite useful when you do. (I've
  heard of others using Carousel  TCPClient to make a
  reconnecting TCPClient in the past)

Thanks for all the information.
 
 All that said, I'm not going to rule out a bug and look into it.
 (if you have a simple example you find fails, please forward it to
 me :)

Sure, here is my code (but see below ;) ):

snip--
from Kamaelia.Internet.TCPClient import TCPClient
from Kamaelia.Chassis.Pipeline import Pipeline
from Kamaelia.Util.Console import ConsoleEchoer, ConsoleReader
from Axon.Component import component
from Axon.Ipc import shutdownMicroprocess, producerFinished

class Listener(component):

Inboxes = {inbox: Inbox,
   control: control signals received here,
  }

Outboxes = {outbox: (not used),
signal: (not used)
   }

def main(self):
while True:
if self.dataReady(inbox):
print data from Inbox:, repr(self.recv(inbox))
if self.dataReady(control):
control_data = self.recv(control)
print repr(control_data)
if isinstance(control_data, shutdownMicroprocess):
print Connection could not be established
break
elif isinstance(control_data, producerFinished):
print Connection closed
break
yield 1

k = ConsoleReader( )
tcp_client = TCPClient(127.0.0.1, 1850)
listener = Listener()
Pipeline(tcp_client, listener).run()
snip--

So I'm just using a client and a helper object to display all data
behind it. I usually start the script in one VT, and nc -l -p
1850 in another. Using wireshark, the packet sequence is almost
identical:

Client closes connection:
C: SYN
S: SYN,ACK
C: ACK
[connection established]
C: FIN,ACK
S: FIN,ACK
C: ACK

Client closes connection:
C: SYN
S: SYN,ACK
C: ACK
[connection established]
S: FIN,ACK
C: ACK
C: FIN,ACK
S: ACK

Looks like a perfectly normal handshake to me.

 The following code may also be useful when debugging:

Cool, I've been looking for a code piece like that. :)

Whoops, the TCP client does in fact quit if the server closes
connection :) For some reason, my Listener doesn't quit. I thought
it's sufficient to exit the main method in some way to quit a
component? That's what I do using break in the 
'if self.dataReady(control)' part of main.

Regards,


Björn

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Mailinglist/newsgroup gateway

2008-01-13 Thread Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven

-On [20080112 23:30], Dan Upton ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
Why was this ever on the Python list (I assume it started as spam),
and why on earth has it continued?

The Python mailinglist is a gateway to/from comp.lang.python for all I know.
So anything idiotic getting posted there might make its way unto the mailing
list.

I wonder what the ratio of newsgroup posters versus mailinglist posters is
nowadays.

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Re: init explanation please

2008-01-13 Thread Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven

-On [20080113 01:41], Erik Lind ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
I'm new to Python, and OOP. I've read most of Mark Lutz's book and more 
online and can write simple modules, but I still don't get when __init__ 
needs to be used as opposed to creating a class instance by assignment.

I personally tend to see __init__ or __new__ as equivalent to what other
languages call a constructor.

(And I am sure some people might disagree with that. ;))

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The riddle master himself lost the key to his own riddles one day, and
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about sort a list with integer key

2008-01-13 Thread lotrpy

hi, if I want sort each line ,by the last part,of a file, below is the
source.
from operator import itemgetter
content = (line.split() for line in file('foo.txt', 'rb'))
for cursor, line in enumerate(sorted(content, key = itemgetter(-1),
reverse = True)):
print cursor, ' '.join(line)
the content of foo.txt is
   21 job
   3 joke
the result is
0 3 joke
1 21 job

if i want sort each line by the first part,(it's a integer, in fact).
don't know how to do it with itemgetter.
key = int(itemgetter(0)) is wrong,  key = lambda x:int(x[0]) works.
but s.b. told me itemgetter execute more quickly .
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

I have found that os.listdir() does not always return unicode objects when
passed a unicode path. Sometimes byte strings are returned in the list,
mixed-in with unicodes.

Yes. It does so when it fails to decode the byte string according to the
file system encoding (which, in turn, bases on the locale).

I will try the technique given
on:http://www.pyzine.com/Issue008/Section_Articles/article_Encodings.html#guessing-the-encoding
Perhaps that will help.

I would advise against such a strategy. Instead, you should first
understand what the encodings of the file names actually *are*, on
a real system, and draw conclusions from that.

I gather you mean that I should get a unicode path, encode it to a byte
string
and then pass that to os.listdir
Then, I suppose, I will have to decode each resulting byte string (via the
detect routines mentioned in the link above) back into unicode - passing
those I simply cannot interpret.

That's what I meant, yes. Again, you have a number of options - passing
those that you cannot interpret is but one option. Another option is to
accept moji-bake.

I would be surprised if PIL/freetype would not support byte string file
names if you read those directly from the disk. OTOH, if the user has
selected/typed a string at a GUI, and you encode that - I can easily
see how that might have failed.

So, there's a lot of unicode + unicode and os.path.join and so forth going on.

I notice that this doesn't include to allow the user to enter file
names, so it seems there is no input of file names, only output.

Then I suggest this technique of keeping bytestring/unicode string
pairs. Use the Unicode string for display, and the byte string for
accessing the disc.

That cannot be. Both the ignore and the replace error handlers will
silence all decoding errors.

I see no problem with that:

uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,ignore)
'Mgul'
uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,replace)
'M?gul'

Regards,
Martin

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

Martin,
 Yes. It does so when it fails to decode the byte string according to the
 file system encoding (which, in turn, bases on the locale).
That's at least one way I can weed-out filenames that are going to give me 
trouble; if Python itself can't figure out how to decode it, then I can also 
fail with honour.

  I will try the technique given
  on:http://www.pyzine.com/Issue008/Section_Articles/article_Encodings.html
 #guessing-the-encoding Perhaps that will help.
 I would advise against such a strategy. Instead, you should first
 understand what the encodings of the file names actually *are*, on
 a real system, and draw conclusions from that.
I don't follow you here. The encoding of file names *on* a real system are 
(for Linux) byte strings of potentially *any* encoding. os.listdir() may even 
fail to grok some of them. So, I will have a few elements in a list that are 
not unicode, I can't ask the O/S for any help and therefore I should be able 
to pass that byte string to a function as suggested in the article to at 
least take one last stab at identifying it. 
 Or is that a waste of time because os.listdir() has already tried something 
similar (and prob. better)?

 I notice that this doesn't include to allow the user to enter file
 names, so it seems there is no input of file names, only output.
I forgot to mention the command-line interface... I actually had trouble with 
that too. The user can start the app like this:
fontypython /some/folder/
or
fontypython SomeFileName
And that introduces input in some kind of encoding. I hope that 
locale.getprefferedencoding() will be the right one to handle that.

Is such input (passed-in via sys.argv) in byte-strings or unicode? I can find 
out with type() I guess.

As to the rest, no, there's no other keyboard input for filenames. There *is* 
a 'filter' which is used as a regex to filter 'bold', 'italic' or whatever. I 
fully expect that to give me a hard time too.

 Then I suggest this technique of keeping bytestring/unicode string
 pairs. Use the Unicode string for display, and the byte string for
 accessing the disc.
Thanks, that's a good idea - I think I'll implement a dictionary to keep both 
and work things that way.

 I see no problem with that:
  uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,ignore)
 'Mgul'
  uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,replace)
 'M?gul'
Well, that was what I expected to see too. I must have been doing something 
stupid.


\d
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 So on *your* system, today: what encoding are the filenames encoded in?
 We are not talking about arbitrary files, right, but about font files?
 What *actual* file names do these font files have?

 On my system, all font files have ASCII-only file names, even if they
 are for non-ASCII characters.
I guess I'm confused by that. I can ls them, so they appear and thus have 
characters displayed. I can open and cat them and thus the O/S can access 
them, but I don't know whether their characters are strictly in ascii-limits 
or drawn from a larger set like unicode. I mean, I have seen Japanese 
characters in filenames on my system, and that can't be ascii.

You see, I have a large collection of fonts going back over 10 years and they 
came from usenet years ago and so have filenames mangled all to hell.

I can't always *type* some of their names and have to use copy/paste to, for 
example, ls one of them.

Again, it's working from ignorance (my own) : I assume filenames in different 
countries will be in character sets that I have never (nor will I ever) see. 
But I have to cover them somehow.

   Or is that a waste of time because os.listdir() has already tried
  something similar (and prob. better)?
 better is a difficult notion here. Is it better to produce some
 result, possibly incorrect, or is it better to give up?
I think I see, combined with your previous advice - I will keep byte strings 
alongside unicode and where I can't get to the unicode for that string, I 
will keep an 'ignore' or 'replace' unicode, but I will still have the byte 
string and will access the file with that anyway.

 If the user has set up his machine correctly: yes.
Meaning, I am led to assume, the LANG variable primarily?

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Re: about sort a list with integer key

lotrpy wrote:

 key = int(itemgetter(0)) is wrong,  key = lambda x:int(x[0]) works.
 but s.b. told me itemgetter execute more quickly .

so you're more interested in speed than in correctness? ;-)

operator.itemgetter is a function factory that creates a *function* that 
fetches the given item from a sequence.  or in other words, typing

 func = itemgetter(0)

is pretty much the same thing as typing

 def func(seq):
 return seq[0]

given this, it should be fairly obvious what int(itemgetter(0)) does: it 
attemts to convert the *function* to an integer, which obviously doesn't 
work.

I'd stick to the lambda form if I were you.  It isn't only easier to 
understand for the Python layman, it also does the right thing.

/F

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 I would advise against such a strategy. Instead, you should first
 understand what the encodings of the file names actually *are*, on
 a real system, and draw conclusions from that.
 I don't follow you here. The encoding of file names *on* a real system are 
 (for Linux) byte strings of potentially *any* encoding.

No. On a real system, nothing is potential, but everything is actual.

So on *your* system, today: what encoding are the filenames encoded in?
We are not talking about arbitrary files, right, but about font files?
What *actual* file names do these font files have?

On my system, all font files have ASCII-only file names, even if they
are for non-ASCII characters.

 os.listdir() may even 
 fail to grok some of them. So, I will have a few elements in a list that are 
 not unicode, I can't ask the O/S for any help and therefore I should be able 
 to pass that byte string to a function as suggested in the article to at 
 least take one last stab at identifying it. 

It won't identify it. It will just give you *some* Unicode string.

  Or is that a waste of time because os.listdir() has already tried something 
 similar (and prob. better)?

better is a difficult notion here. Is it better to produce some
result, possibly incorrect, or is it better to give up?

 I forgot to mention the command-line interface... I actually had trouble with 
 that too. The user can start the app like this:
 fontypython /some/folder/
 or
 fontypython SomeFileName
 And that introduces input in some kind of encoding. I hope that 
 locale.getprefferedencoding() will be the right one to handle that.

If the user has set up his machine correctly: yes.

 I see no problem with that:
 uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,ignore)
 'Mgul'
 uM\xd6gul.encode(ascii,replace)
 'M?gul'
 Well, that was what I expected to see too. I must have been doing something 
 stupid.

Most likely, you did not invoke .encode on a Unicode string.

Regards,
Martin
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Re: Simple List division problem

On Jan 12, 8:33 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 marcstuart wrote:
  How do I divide a list into a set group of sublist's- if the list is
  not evenly dividable ?  consider this example:

  x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
  y = 3  # number of lists I want to break x into
  z = y/x

  what I would like to get is 3 sublists

  print z[0] = [1,2,3]
  print z[2] = [4,5,6]
  print z[3] = [7,8,9,10]

  obviously not even, one list will have 4 elements, the other 2 will
  have 3.,

 here's one way to do it:

 # chop it up
 n = len(x) / y
 z = [x[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(x), n)]

 # if the last piece is too short, add it to one before it
 if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
  z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))

 /F

Eh...

def chop(lst, length):
n = len(lst) / length
z = [lst[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(lst), n)]
if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
 z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))
return z

gives

 chop(range(1,9), 3)
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]]
 chop(range(1,8), 3)
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]]
 chop(range(1,6), 3)
[[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]]
 chop([1], 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File stdin, line 1, in module
  File beforemeth.py, line 9, in chop
if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
ValueError: xrange() arg 3 must not be zero

Perhaps something like this?

def chop(lst, length):
from itertools import islice
it = iter(lst)
z = [list(islice(it, length)) for i in xrange(1 + len(lst) //
length)]
if len(z)  1:
z[-2].extend(z.pop()) # the last item will be empty or contain
overflow elements.
return z

-- bjorn
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Re: sqlite3 is it in the python default distro?

2008-01-13 Thread Martin Marcher

On Saturday 12 January 2008 21:34 Martin Marcher wrote:
 a) Is sqlite included in the python default distribution
 b) In real life can I consider (on linux) that an installation of python
 includes the sqlite stuff?

forgive my that was pebcack. I wasn't reading the docs fully so I thought I
need the python-sqlite or python-sqlite2 (which is in the 2.5 package
on debian/ubuntu at least)


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Re: about sort a list with integer key

2008-01-13 Thread Hrvoje Niksic

lotrpy [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

 if i want sort each line by the first part,(it's a integer, in fact).
 don't know how to do it with itemgetter.
 key = int(itemgetter(0)) is wrong,  key = lambda x:int(x[0]) works.
 but s.b. told me itemgetter execute more quickly .

Use lambda when it works better for you, the speed difference is
marginal in practice anyway.  itemgetter is not (and was never
intended to be) a general substitute for functions, as you've
discovered.

The marginal speed difference between itemgetter and an explicit
lambda that does the subscripts is a consequence of itemgetter being
written in C, meaning it avoids the creation of a Python stack frame,
etc.  Combining int(...) with this operation requires coding the key
function in Python, which removes itemgetter's advantage.  In other
words, you cannot retain itemgetter's speed advantage with more
complex keys.  If the sorting performance is a problem for you, please
give more details about what you're doing -- there might be better
ways to speed up the code.
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Re: init explanation please

Erik Lind wrote:

 I'm new to Python, and OOP. I've read most of Mark Lutz's book and more 
 online and can write simple modules, but I still don't get when __init__ 
 needs to be used as opposed to creating a class instance by assignment.

nothing is ever created by plain assignment in Python; to create a class 
instance in Python, you *call* the class object.  an example:

class MyClass:
pass

# create three separate instances
obj1 = MyClass()
obj2 = MyClass()
obj3 = MyClass()

(it's the () that creates the object, not the =)

if you want to initialize the method's state (that is, set some 
attributes), you can do that from the outside:

obj1.attrib = some value

or in an initialization method in the class:

class MyClass:
def init(self):
self.attrib = some value

obj1 = MyClass()
obj1.init()

but in both cases, you'll end up with an inconsistent object state (in 
this case, no attribute named attrib) if you forget to do this.

obj1 = MyClass()
print obj1.attrib # this will fail

to avoid such mistakes, you can use __init__ instead.  this is just a 
initialization method that's automatically called by Python *after* the 
object is created, but *before* the call to the class object returns.

 class MyClass:
 def __init__(self):
 self.attrib = some value

 obj1 = MyClass()
 print obj1.attrib # this will succeed

also, any arguments that you pass to the class object call are passed on 
to the initialization method.

 class MyClass:
 def __init__(self, value):
 self.attrib = value

 obj1 = MyClass(hello)
 print obj1.attrib # prints hello

as Jeroen points out, this is pretty much the same thing as a 
constructor in other languages -- that is, a piece of code that's 
responsible for setting up an object's state.

Python's a bit different; the object is in fact created before the
call to __init__, but this doesn't matter much in practice; if 
construction fails, the assignment will fail, so the object will be 
lost, and is reclaimed by the GC later on.

(unless you explicitly store a reference to the object somewhere else, 
of course:

  class MyClass:
... def __init__(self):
... global secret
... secret = self
... raise ValueError(oops! failed!)
... def method(self):
... print here I am!
...

  obj = MyClass()
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File stdin, line 1, in module
   File stdin, line 5, in __init__
ValueError: oops! failed!

  obj
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File stdin, line 1, in module
NameError: name 'obj' is not defined

  secret.method()
here I am!

)

finally, if you want full control also over the actual creation of the 
object, more recent Python versions support a __new__ method that can be 
used instead of __init__, or as a complement.  but that's an advanced 
topic, and is nothing you need to worry about while trying to the hang 
of class basics.

hope this helps!

/F

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Re: init explanation please

Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven wrote:

 I personally tend to see __init__ or __new__ as equivalent to what other
 languages call a constructor.
 
 (And I am sure some people might disagree with that. ;))

given that they do different things, I'm not sure it's that helpful to 
describe them *both* as constructors.

/F

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Re: super, decorators and gettattribute

2008-01-13 Thread Richard Szopa

On Jan 13, 8:59 am, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Sat, 12 Jan 2008 14:23:52 -0800, Richard Szopa wrote:
  However, I am very surprised to learn that

  super_object.__getattr__(name)(*args, **kwargs)

  getattr(super_object, name)(*args, **kwargs)

  are not equivalent. This is quite odd, at least when with len()
  and .__len__, str() and .__str__. Do you maybe know what's the
  rationale behind not following that convention by getattr?

 I think you are confusing `__getattr__` and `__getattribute__` here!
 `getattr()` maps to `__getattr__()`, it's `__getattribute__` that's
 different.

Well, in my code calling super_object.__getattr__(name)(*args,
**kwargs) and getattr(super_object, name)(*args, **kwargs) gives
*different* effects (namely, the latter works, while the former
doesn't). That kinda suggests that they don't map to each other :-).
And that makes me feel confused.

Cheers,

-- Richard

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Re: Magic function

2008-01-13 Thread R�diger Werner

Well as I understand your problem now,
you would not like all instances of an specific object that are still alive,
but all references to an object (created somewhere, sometimes) in an local
context (stack frame),
that are accessible from 'that' context ( but also from many others).

However in python a stack frame does not 'contain' an object. It only
contains a reference to an
object. You may delete this reference whithin this frame, but the object may
still be alive.

So you can do following:

def run(att):
for k, v in att.iteritems():
if isinstance(v, dict):
print k, v, id(v)

def foo(bar):
x = list()
y = object()
run(locals())
del bar
run(locals())

bazz = dict()
print bazz has id , id(bazz)
foo(bazz)
print bazz has id , id(bazz)

pythonw -u console_play.py
bazz has id  11068592
bar {} 11068592
bazz has id  11068592
Exit code: 0

Note that bar {} is printed only once, since the reference 'bar' defined in
foo has been deleted. The object itself is still alive
because the referece 'bazz' still exists. You should consider, that
inspecting the stack will not tell you if an object is alive or not.
It also doesn't tell you that an object can't be used by your users. If you
come from an C++ background, then consider that python
is different. Creating an object in an local context will not destroy this
object if you leafe this context.
There is no such thing like a 'destructor' in python. You should also
consider, that frame objects are not destroyed if used by an
generator or if there is still a reference to them. A frame object may life
forever. Read the manual about the inspect module!

Inspecting the stack may give you wrong and difficult to debug results. I
just wouldn't do that.
Keeping track of instances isn't that difficult.

However if  you need instances (not references to them!) that have been
created within a specific stack frame
you may use my example below. It will extend the weakref with the id of the
stackframe that created it. However
the instance may still live while the frame had been destroyed long ago!

Remember:
Inspecting the stack will not tell you weather a user can use an specific
object nor will it tell you, if the object is alive or not.


from weakref import ref
from inspect import getouterframes, currentframe

class ExtendedRef(ref):
def __init__(self, ob, callback=None, **annotations):
super(ExtendedRef, self).__init__(ob, callback)
self.__id = 0

class WeakSet(set):
def add(self, value, id=0):
wr = ExtendedRef(value, self.remove)
wr.__id = id
set.add(self, wr)
def get(self, id):
return [ _() for _ in self if _.__id == id]

class bigobject(WeakSet):
def run(self):
outer_frame = id(getouterframes( currentframe())[1][0])
for obj in self.get(outer_frame):
# process object's
print obj.value

class foo(object):
__instances__ = bigobject()
def __init__(self, value):
outer_frame = id(getouterframes( currentframe())[1][0])
foo.__instances__.add(self, outer_frame)
self.value = value


def main( depth ):
obj1 = foo(obj1 at depth %s % depth)
obj2 = foo(obj2 at depth %s % depth)
foo.__instances__.run()
print processed objects created at %s % id(currentframe())
if depth == 0:
return
else:
main(depth-1)

if __name__ == __main__:
obj1 = foo(obj1 at depth root)
main(3)
foo.__instances__.run()
print processed objects created at %s % id(currentframe())


pythonw -u test12.py
obj1 at depth 3
obj2 at depth 3
processed objects created at 11519672
obj2 at depth 2
obj1 at depth 2
processed objects created at 11496496
obj2 at depth 1
obj1 at depth 1
processed objects created at 11813904
obj2 at depth 0
obj1 at depth 0
processed objects created at 11814272
obj1 at depth root
processed objects created at 11443120
Exit code: 0









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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 I guess I'm confused by that. I can ls them, so they appear and thus have 
 characters displayed. I can open and cat them and thus the O/S can access 
 them, but I don't know whether their characters are strictly in ascii-limits 
 or drawn from a larger set like unicode. I mean, I have seen Japanese 
 characters in filenames on my system, and that can't be ascii.
 
 You see, I have a large collection of fonts going back over 10 years and they 
 came from usenet years ago and so have filenames mangled all to hell.

If you can all ls them, and if the file names come out right, then
they'll have the same encoding.

 I can't always *type* some of their names and have to use copy/paste to, for 
 example, ls one of them.
 
 Again, it's working from ignorance (my own) : I assume filenames in different 
 countries will be in character sets that I have never (nor will I ever) see. 

I never heard before that font files use non-ASCII file names, and I
don't see the point in doing so - isn't there typically a font name
*inside* the font file as well, so that you'd rather use that for
display than the file name?

Of course, *other* files (text files, images etc) will often use
non-ASCII file names. However, they won't normally have mixed
encodings - most user-created files on a single system should typically
have the same encoding (there are exceptions possible, of course).

 If the user has set up his machine correctly: yes.
 Meaning, I am led to assume, the LANG variable primarily?

Yes.

Regards,
Martin
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Re: Simple List division problem

thebjorn wrote:

  Eh...

oh, forgot that it was pulling requirements out of thin air week on 
c.l.python.

 def chop(lst, length):
 n = len(lst) / length
 z = [lst[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(lst), n)]
 if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
  z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))
 return z
 
 gives 

 chop([1], 3)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File stdin, line 1, in module
   File beforemeth.py, line 9, in chop
 if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
 ValueError: xrange() arg 3 must not be zero

well, it doesn't.  there's no xrange on that line.

  Perhaps something like this?

  from itertools import islice

or just use an if-statement, or the max function.  but I guess those 
tools are too old and boring for c.l.python these days...

/F

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Re: init explanation please

2008-01-13 Thread Ben Finney

Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

 -On [20080113 01:41], Erik Lind ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
 I'm new to Python, and OOP. I've read most of Mark Lutz's book and
 more online and can write simple modules, but I still don't get
 when __init__ needs to be used as opposed to creating a class
 instance by assignment.
 
 I personally tend to see __init__ or __new__ as equivalent to what
 other languages call a constructor.

That's getting the two of them confused. __new__ is a constructor,
__init__ is not.

 (And I am sure some people might disagree with that. ;))

It isn't really a matter for much debate.

URL:http://www.python.org/doc/ref/customization.html

__new__ is the constructor: it creates the instance and returns it.

Along the way, it calls __init__ on the *already-created* instance, to
ask it to initialise itself ready for use. So, __init__ is an
initialiser for the instance.

Python, unlike many other OO languages, fortunately has these two
areas of functionality separate. It's far more common to need to
customise instance initialisation than to customise creation of the
instance. I override __init__ for just about every class I write; I
can count the number of times I've needed to override __new__ on the
fingers of one foot.

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Re: Simple List division problem

On Jan 13, 1:05 pm, thebjorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
 On Jan 12, 8:33 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:



  marcstuart wrote:
   How do I divide a list into a set group of sublist's- if the list is
   not evenly dividable ?  consider this example:

   x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
   y = 3  # number of lists I want to break x into
   z = y/x

   what I would like to get is 3 sublists

   print z[0] = [1,2,3]
   print z[2] = [4,5,6]
   print z[3] = [7,8,9,10]

   obviously not even, one list will have 4 elements, the other 2 will
   have 3.,

  here's one way to do it:

  # chop it up
  n = len(x) / y
  z = [x[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(x), n)]

  # if the last piece is too short, add it to one before it
  if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
   z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))

  /F

 Eh...

 def chop(lst, length):
 n = len(lst) / length
 z = [lst[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(lst), n)]
 if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
  z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))
 return z

 gives

  chop(range(1,9), 3)

 [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]] chop(range(1,8), 3)

 [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]] chop(range(1,6), 3)

 [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]] chop([1], 3)

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File stdin, line 1, in module
   File beforemeth.py, line 9, in chop
 if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
 ValueError: xrange() arg 3 must not be zero

 Perhaps something like this?

 def chop(lst, length):
 from itertools import islice
 it = iter(lst)
 z = [list(islice(it, length)) for i in xrange(1 + len(lst) //
 length)]
 if len(z)  1:
 z[-2].extend(z.pop()) # the last item will be empty or contain
 overflow elements.
 return z

 -- bjorn

Bad for to reply to myself, I know, but I just realized that the OP
wanted to control the _number_ of chunks, not the size of the
chunks... Building on the above would give something like

from itertools import islice
from operator import add

def chop(lst, nchunks):
chunksize, extra = divmod(len(lst), nchunks)
if not chunksize:
raise ValueError('More chunks than elements in list.')
it = iter(lst)
z = [list(islice(it, chunksize)) for i in xrange(nchunks + extra)]
z, extra = z[:nchunks], z[nchunks:]
z[-1].extend(reduce(add, extra, []))  # because sum ain't add :-(
return z

-- bjorn
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Re: about sort a list with integer key

2008-01-13 Thread lotrpy

On 1月13日, 下午8时32分, Hrvoje Niksic [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Use lambda when it works better for you, the speed difference is
 marginal in practice anyway.  itemgetter is not (and was never
 intended to be) a general substitute for functions, as you've
 discovered.

 The marginal speed difference between itemgetter and an explicit
 lambda that does the subscripts is a consequence of itemgetter being
 written in C, meaning it avoids the creation of a Python stack frame,
 etc.  Combining int(...) with this operation requires coding the key
 function in Python, which removes itemgetter's advantage.  In other
 words, you cannot retain itemgetter's speed advantage with more
 complex keys.  If the sorting performance is a problem for you, please
 give more details about what you're doing -- there might be better
 ways to speed up the code.

Fredrik and Hrvoje, thanks for the reply, here the sorting performance
is not a big problem for me. the text file is just several hundred
line, each line include several item separated by space. I'll run the
script each week or month, just 1 second to get the result,so maybe
stick to lambda here is just fine.
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Re: Simple List division problem

2008-01-13 Thread Paul Rubin

thebjorn [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
 Perhaps something like this?
 
 def chop(lst, length):
 from itertools import islice
 it = iter(lst)
 z = [list(islice(it, length)) for i in xrange(1 + len(lst) // length)]
 if len(z)  1:
 z[-2].extend(z.pop()) # the last item will be empty or contain 
 overflow elements.
 return z

def chop(lst, length):
def chop1():
   t = len(lst) // length - 1
   for i in xrange(t):
  yield lst[i*length: (i+1)*length]
   yield lst[t*length:]
return list(chop1())
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Re: Simple List division problem

On Jan 13, 2:02 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 thebjorn wrote:

   Eh...

 oh, forgot that it was pulling requirements out of thin air week on
 c.l.python.

Well, the OP requirements were to control the number of chunks, not
the size of them, so I guess we both got it wrong initially.

  def chop(lst, length):
  n = len(lst) / length
  z = [lst[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(lst), n)]
  if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
   z[-2].extend(z.pop(-1))
  return z

  gives
  chop([1], 3)
  Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File beforemeth.py, line 9, in chop
  if len(z[-1])  n and len(z)  1:
  ValueError: xrange() arg 3 must not be zero

 well, it doesn't.  there's no xrange on that line.

It's from this line

z = [lst[i:i+n] for i in xrange(0, len(lst), n)]

(I executed the file with python -i beforemeth.py to get to an
interactive prompt, I'm sure you're familiar with the technique. You
could have just debugged your own program to find it though, or just
looked at the code -- not that many xrange calls in there, eh?)

   Perhaps something like this?

   from itertools import islice

 or just use an if-statement, or the max function.  but I guess those
 tools are too old and boring for c.l.python these days...

I didn't realize correct code was too new-school. Perhaps you should
publish a list of modules you don't like, or perhaps I should just use
a sufficiently venerable version of Python? Ok, here you go:

C:\Python22python
'import site' failed; use -v for traceback
Python 2.2.3 (#42, May 30 2003, 18:12:08) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on
win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
 def chop2(lst, nchunks):
... chunksize = len(lst) // nchunks
... if not chunksize:
... raise ValueError('More chunks than elements in list.')
... res = []
... begin, end = 0, chunksize
... for i in range(nchunks-1):
... res.append(lst[begin:end])
... begin, end = end, end+chunksize
... res.append(lst[begin:])
... return res
...
 chop2(range(1,6), 2)
[[1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]
 chop2(range(1,6), 3)
[[1], [2], [3, 4, 5]]
 chop2(range(1,11), 3)
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 10]]


Sufficiently old-school (or do I need to take out the // division
also?)

 /F

Shall we perhaps drop some of the attitude? (you used to be so much
nicer before you wrote sre ;-)

-- bjorn

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 If you can all ls them, and if the file names come out right, then
 they'll have the same encoding.
Could it not be that the app doing the output (say konsole) could be 
displaying a filename as best as it can (doing the ignore/replace) trick and 
using whatever fonts it can reach) and this would disguise the situation?
 I don't think one can call any string a plain ascii string anymore.

I have been looking for somewhere online that I can download files obviously 
in a non-ascii set (like japan someplace) but can't find anything easy. I 
want to see exactly how my system (Kubuntu 7.10) handles things.

 I never heard before that font files use non-ASCII file names, 
They are files, named as any other file - those that are created by people get 
called whatever they want, under whatever locale they used.
Still, I don't fully understand how this is all handled.

 don't see the point in doing so - isn't there typically a font name
 *inside* the font file as well, so that you'd rather use that for
 display than the file name?
Yes, but sometimes I can't reach that - segfaults and so forth. I also need to 
write the filename to a text file for logging. 

 Of course, *other* files (text files, images etc) will often use
 non-ASCII file names. 
Same as font files - I am talking mainly about TTF files here. Mainly Arrr, 
pass the rum, matey fonts ;) (Which I don't use in designs, but have kept 
over the years.)

 However, they won't normally have mixed 
 encodings - most user-created files on a single system should typically
 have the same encoding (there are exceptions possible, of course).
Well, if I am collecting fonts from all over the place then I get a mixed-bag.

  Meaning, I am led to assume, the LANG variable primarily?
 Yes.
Thanks. Good to know I'm on the right track.

\d
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Exceptions - How do you make it work like built-in exceptions?

2008-01-13 Thread Lie

A built-in exceptions, when raised, would print traceback that points
out the offending code, like this:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File F:\dir\code.py, line 43, in module
a = 1/0 ---
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

a user-made exception, when raised, would print traceback that points
out the code that raises the exception

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File F:\dir\code.py, line 48, in module
raise SomeException('Some Exception Message') ---
SomeException: Some Exception Message

which is generally of little use (yeah, it's possible to trace the
code from the line number, but sometimes it might not be that easy,
cause the line number is (again) the line number for the raising code
instead of the offending code)

The sample exception was generated from this code:

class SomeException(Exception):
pass

try:
a = 1/0
except:
raise SomeException('Some Exception Message')


Is it possible to make the user-made exception points out the
offending code?
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Re: super, decorators and gettattribute

On Jan 13, 1:51 pm, Richard Szopa [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Jan 13, 8:59 am, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

  On Sat, 12 Jan 2008 14:23:52 -0800, Richard Szopa wrote:
   However, I am very surprised to learn that

   super_object.__getattr__(name)(*args, **kwargs)

   getattr(super_object, name)(*args, **kwargs)

   are not equivalent. This is quite odd, at least when with len()
   and .__len__, str() and .__str__. Do you maybe know what's the
   rationale behind not following that convention by getattr?

  I think you are confusing `__getattr__` and `__getattribute__` here!
  `getattr()` maps to `__getattr__()`, it's `__getattribute__` that's
  different.

 Well, in my code calling super_object.__getattr__(name)(*args,
 **kwargs) and getattr(super_object, name)(*args, **kwargs) gives
 *different* effects (namely, the latter works, while the former
 doesn't). That kinda suggests that they don't map to each other :-).
 And that makes me feel confused.

 Cheers,

 -- Richard

They do, except for when it comes to what super(..) returns. It isn't
really an object in the sense that they're presented in the tutorial,
but rather a sort of proxy to the methods in the ancestor classes of
the concrete object (self), relative to the current method's class. I
can't imagine that sentence would ease any confusion however, suffice
it to say that you have to call getattr(super(..), 'name') instead of
super(..).__getattr__('name') and you have to call super(..).__len__()
instead of len(super(..)) -- I can't imagine that lessens any
confusion either :-/

super(..) is designed to handle situations like this correctly

class Root(object):
n = 1

class Left(Root):
def foo(self):
print 'n =', self.n
print 'super n = ', super(Left, self).n

class Right(Root):
n = 2

class Leaf(Left,Right):
n = 3

x = Leaf()
x.foo()

the correct output is

n = 3
super n =  2


-- bjorn
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Re: Exceptions - How do you make it work like built-in exceptions?

2008-01-13 Thread Chris

On Jan 13, 4:14 pm, Lie [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 A built-in exceptions, when raised, would print traceback that points
 out the offending code, like this:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File F:\dir\code.py, line 43, in module
 a = 1/0 ---
 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

 a user-made exception, when raised, would print traceback that points
 out the code that raises the exception

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File F:\dir\code.py, line 48, in module
 raise SomeException('Some Exception Message') ---
 SomeException: Some Exception Message

 which is generally of little use (yeah, it's possible to trace the
 code from the line number, but sometimes it might not be that easy,
 cause the line number is (again) the line number for the raising code
 instead of the offending code)

 The sample exception was generated from this code:
 
 class SomeException(Exception):
 pass

 try:
 a = 1/0
 except:
 raise SomeException('Some Exception Message')
 

 Is it possible to make the user-made exception points out the
 offending code?

from sys import exc_info

try:
a = 1/0
except:
type, value, traceback = exc_info()
raise SomeException(type)
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i am new guy for this discussion group

2008-01-13 Thread bill.wu

i am new guy to learn python,also for this discussion group, i am
chinese.
nice to meet you, everyone.
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wxpython-wx.CheckListBox: changing item bacgkground color

2008-01-13 Thread Massi

Hi everyone! In my application (under windows) I'm using a
wx.checklistbox. I would like the background color of an item to
become red whenever an EVT_LISTBOX_DCLICK occurs. Is there any simple
way to achieve it?
Thanks in advance.
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Re: How to get user home directory on Windows

2008-01-13 Thread Tim Golden

thebjorn wrote:
 On Jan 12, 6:50 pm, Giampaolo Rodola' [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Update.
 I found a way for getting the home directory of the user but it
 requires to validate the user by providing username+password:

 def get_homedir(username, password):
 token = win32security.LogonUser(
 username,
 None,
 password,
 win32security.LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK,
 win32security.LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT
 )
 return win32profile.GetUserProfileDirectory(token)

 What I'd like to do is avoiding the requirement of the password, the
 same way as if I would on UNIX where it would be enough just using the
 pwd module:

   import pwd
   pwd.getpwnam('user').pw_dir
  '/home/user'
 
 Check out http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb762181(VS.85).aspx
 for some of the complexities of special directories on Windows.

Part of the problem here is that is the OP is asking for the
home dir of a user, but there is no such thing under Windows.
Or, rather, there are several such things. The code he posts
above will get the path to what will be the user's %USERPROFILE%
env var when he logs on. (Which is certainly one of the
definitions of home dir). But he wants that path *without* having
to log them in. The page you refer to (and other similar suggestions
of using the os.expanduser function which essentially does the same
thing for you) assume you're already logged in as the user in question.

I've posted a (WMI-based) solution [1] on the python-win32 list
where the OP copied his question. You could do the same just with
win32security and _winreg. (Left as an exercise... etc.) Haven't
yet heard back from the OP as to whether that's given him what he
wants or not.

TJG

[1] http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2008-January/006656.html

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Re: How to get user home directory on Windows

On Jan 12, 6:50 pm, Giampaolo Rodola' [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Update.
 I found a way for getting the home directory of the user but it
 requires to validate the user by providing username+password:

 def get_homedir(username, password):
 token = win32security.LogonUser(
 username,
 None,
 password,
 win32security.LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK,
 win32security.LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT
 )
 return win32profile.GetUserProfileDirectory(token)

 What I'd like to do is avoiding the requirement of the password, the
 same way as if I would on UNIX where it would be enough just using the
 pwd module:

   import pwd
   pwd.getpwnam('user').pw_dir
  '/home/user'

Check out http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb762181(VS.85).aspx
for some of the complexities of special directories on Windows.

If you give more details on what you need to get done, someone might
come up with a better solution (my instinct tells me this might be a
database problem, but then I'm a database person so that might not be
terribly relevant ;-)

-- bjorn
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 Could it not be that the app doing the output (say konsole) could be 
 displaying a filename as best as it can (doing the ignore/replace) trick and 
 using whatever fonts it can reach) and this would disguise the situation?

No. It may use replacement characters (i.e. a question mark, or an empty
square box), but if you don't see such characters, then the terminal has
successfully decoded the file names. Whether it also correctly decoded
them is something for you to check (i.e. do they look right?)

 I have been looking for somewhere online that I can download files obviously 
 in a non-ascii set (like japan someplace) but can't find anything easy. I 
 want to see exactly how my system (Kubuntu 7.10) handles things.

So what does sys.getfilesystemencoding() say what encoding is used for
filenames?

Regards,
Martin

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 No. It may use replacement characters (i.e. a question mark, or an empty
 square box), but if you don't see such characters, then the terminal has
 successfully decoded the file names. Whether it also correctly decoded
 them is something for you to check (i.e. do they look right?)
Okay.

So, the picture I get is:
*If* my locale *happens* to be the right one then the filename will appear 
properly. If it does not cover that file, then that filename will appear 
with ? marks in the name.
Because I use en_ZA.utf8 it's doing a very good job of decoding a wide variety 
of filenames and therefore I rarely see ? characters.

What happens if there is a filename that cannot be represented in it's 
entirety? i.e. every character is 'replaced'. Does it simply vanish, or does 
it appear as ? ? :)

I spent an hour trying to find a single file on the web that did *not* have 
(what seemed like) ascii characters in it and failed. Even urls on Japanese 
websites use western characters ( a tcp/ip issue I suspect). I was hoping to 
find a filename in Kanji (?) ending in .jpg or something so that I could 
download it and see what my system (and Python) made of it.

Thanks again,
\d

-- 
Life results from the non-random survival of randomly varying replicators.
-- Richard Dawkins

Fonty Python and other dev news at:
http://otherwiseingle.blogspot.com/
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Re: where do my python files go in linux?

2008-01-13 Thread Florian Diesch

Jorgen Bodde [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 I am trying to make a debian package. I am following the tutorial by
 Horst Jens 
 (http://showmedo.com/videos/video?name=linuxJensMakingDebfromSeriesID=37)
 and it is very informative. However one thing my app has and his
 doesn't, is multiple python files which need to be executed. For
 example

 {dir}/app
 app.py

 app.py calls a lot of modules in {dir}/app. Horst says the python file
 goes in /usr/bin/app.py which is ok with me, but I have multiple
 python files, and I decided to use an app.sh script to call my python
 files. In the /usr/bin I do not see subdirs so I assume that is not
 really desirable.

 Question 1. Where do I put the bulk of python scripts in a normal
 linux environment?
 Question 2. Should I use *.pyc rather then *.py files to speed up
 executing as the user cannot write to /usr/bin or any other dir in the
 system and everytime my app runs it will recompile it

 Thanks for any advice or maybe a good tutorial how to set up files in
 a linux environment

Have look at the Debian Python Policy
(should be in /usr/share/doc/python/python-policy.* on
Debian systems)






 With regards,
 - Jorgen


   Florian
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 What happens if there is a filename that cannot be represented in it's 
 entirety? i.e. every character is 'replaced'. Does it simply vanish, or does 
 it appear as ? ? :)

The latter. I did open(u\u20ac\u20ac,w) in an UTF-8 locale, then did
LANG=C ls, and it gave me ?? (as the two characters use 6 bytes)

 I spent an hour trying to find a single file on the web that did *not* have 
 (what seemed like) ascii characters in it and failed. Even urls on Japanese 
 websites use western characters ( a tcp/ip issue I suspect).

Actually, an HTTP and URL issue. Non-ASCII URLs aren't really supported
in the web.

 I was hoping to 
 find a filename in Kanji (?) ending in .jpg or something so that I could 
 download it and see what my system (and Python) made of it.

Use a text editor instead to create such a file. For example, create
a new document, and save it as 活用事例.txt (which Google says means
casestudies.txt)

Regards,
Martin
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

Martin,
I want to thank you for your patience, you have been sterling. I have an 
overview this evening that I did not have this morning. I have started fixing 
my code and the repairs may not be that extreme after all. 

I'll hack-on and get it done. I *might* bug you again, but I'll resist at all 
costs :)

Much appreciated.
\d


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A computer without Windows is like chocolate cake without mustard.
-- Anonymous Coward /.

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http://otherwiseingle.blogspot.com/
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Re: i am new guy for this discussion group

2008-01-13 Thread [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On Jan 13, 3:03 pm, bill.wu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 i am new guy to learn python,also for this discussion group, i am
 chinese.
 nice to meet you, everyone.

Hi and welcome onboard.

If you're new to programming in general, you may want to join the
tutor mailing-list.
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor

If you're already a programmer, you may want to follow the offficial
tutorial, then probably diveintopython:
http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html
http://www.diveintopython.org/


HTH
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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

Well, that didn't take me long... Can you help with this situation?
I have a file named MÖgul.pog in this directory:
/home/donn/.fontypython/

I set my LANG=C

Now, I want to open that file from Python, and I create a path with 
os.path.join() and an os.listdir() which results in this byte string:
paf = ['/home/donn/.fontypython/M\xc3\x96gul.pog']

I *think* that the situation is impossible because the system cannot resolve 
the correct filename (due the locale being ANSI and the filename being other) 
but I am not 100% sure.

So, I have been trying combinations of open:
1. f = codecs.open( paf, r, utf8 )
I had hopes for this one.
2. f = codecs.open( paf, r, locale.getpreferredencoding())
3. f = open( paf, r)

But none will open it - all get a UnicodeDecodeError. This aligns with my 
suspicions, but I wanted to bounce it off you to be sure.

It does not really mesh with our previous words about opening all files as 
bytestrings, and admits failure to open this file.

Also, this codecs.open(filename, r, encoding) function:
1. Does it imply that the filename will be opened (with the name as it's 
type : i.e. bytestring or unicode ) and written *into* as encoding 
2. Imply that filename will be encoded via encoding and written into as 
encoding
It's fuzzy, how is the filename handled?

\d


-- 
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Fonty Python and other dev news at:
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Re: Exceptions - How do you make it work like built-in exceptions?

2008-01-13 Thread Mark Tolonen


Lie [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
A built-in exceptions, when raised, would print traceback that points
 out the offending code, like this:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File F:\dir\code.py, line 43, in module
a = 1/0 ---
 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

 a user-made exception, when raised, would print traceback that points
 out the code that raises the exception

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File F:\dir\code.py, line 48, in module
raise SomeException('Some Exception Message') ---
 SomeException: Some Exception Message

 which is generally of little use (yeah, it's possible to trace the
 code from the line number, but sometimes it might not be that easy,
 cause the line number is (again) the line number for the raising code
 instead of the offending code)

 The sample exception was generated from this code:
 
 class SomeException(Exception):
pass

 try:
a = 1/0
 except:
raise SomeException('Some Exception Message')
 

 Is it possible to make the user-made exception points out the
 offending code?

The raise statement *was* the offending (unhandled exception) code.  The 
ZeroDivisionError was handled by your except clause.

You can override the traceback your exception will use with the 
three-expression form of the raise statement (See Section 6.9 The raise 
statement in the Python Reference Manual) by passing the traceback of the 
original exception:

## CODE #

import sys

class SomeException(Exception):
pass

try:
a=1/0
except:
org_type,org_value,org_traceback = sys.exc_info()
raise SomeException,'had some problems with this code',org_traceback

## OUTPUT ##

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File exc.py, line 7, in module
a=1/0
SomeException: had some problems with this code


--Mark 

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Re: SPAM: 06.2/6.0 - Re: Manually installing PIL

2008-01-13 Thread j igisbert.etra-id

Dear Fredik,

I have tried to copy PIL folder into my application folder. I am using 
Tkinter also, and when I want to put an image as label I do:
   photo1 = Image.open(rMyimage.gif)
   photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(photo1)
   llogo =Label(root, image=photo,bg=white,height=60)

And I receive an error message, telling me that imaging C library is not 
installed. As I have read, PIL is composed of PIL library and a PIL binary 
module called  _imaging.pyd or _imaging.so or something like this. I have 
download Imaging-1.1.6 source code, and I found PIL folder, but not binary 
file. If I download windows exe installer, it works great, but I want to 
install manually for installing it on my PDA SOS :-S :-(

Best Regards,
Naxo
 


-Original Message-
From: Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: python-list@python.org
Date: Thu, 03 Jan 2008 09:53:57 +0100
Subject: *SPAM*: 06.2/6.0 - Re: Manually installing PIL


Jose Ignacio Gisbert wrote:

 Does somebody install PIL manually??, I mean, copy directories manually 
 without executing setup.py. I saw an identical message from Guirai, but 
 I didn’t see any response. Thanks in advance!

PIL's just a bunch of modules in a single PIL directory; you can put 
that directory (or the modules themselves) wherever you want.

(if you're on windows, unzip the EXE installer to get the files)

/F

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time.time or time.clock

2008-01-13 Thread Ron Adam


I'm having some cross platform issues with timing loops.  It seems 
time.time is better for some computers/platforms and time.clock others, but 
it's not always clear which, so I came up with the following to try to 
determine which.


import time

# Determine if time.time is better than time.clock
# The one with better resolution should be lower.
if time.clock() - time.clock()  time.time() - time.time():
clock = time.clock
else:
clock = time.time


Will this work most of the time, or is there something better?


Ron

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Re: Manually installing PIL

j igisbert.etra-id wrote:

 this. I have download Imaging-1.1.6 source code, and I found PIL folder, 
 but not binary file. If I download windows exe installer, it works 
 great, but I want to install manually for installing it on my PDA 

as the name implies, the source code distribution contains source code 
only.  to turn that into a binary component, you need a working compiler 
for your target platform.

what OS does your PDA run?

/F

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Re: Great Python books for the beginner

2008-01-13 Thread Graeme Glass

On Jan 12, 9:03 am, Landon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Hi, I'm a freshman in college and I'm going to be taking an intro to
 programming course next semester which mainly uses Python, so I
 thought it might be a good time to pick up Python beyond the scope of
 the class as well. The text book for this class is Python for the
 Absolute Beginner or something similar to that name.

 I was wondering if anyone had any opinions on what other titles I
 could look into since this one seems from a glance at reviews to be
 teaching mainly through game programming (a topic I'm not too
 interested in) or if this one is a quality book by itself.

I found CORE PYTHON PROGRAMMING by Wesley Chun to be a great book with
help on both novice and advanced topics.
http://starship.python.net/crew/wesc/cpp/

The tuts and library reference on www.python.org are also really well
written and layed out and you will find yourself frequenting them.

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 Now, I want to open that file from Python, and I create a path with 
 os.path.join() and an os.listdir() which results in this byte string:
 paf = ['/home/donn/.fontypython/M\xc3\x96gul.pog']
 
 I *think* that the situation is impossible because the system cannot resolve 
 the correct filename (due the locale being ANSI and the filename being other) 
 but I am not 100% sure.

Not at all. The string you pass is a *byte* string, not a character
string. You may think that the first letter of it is an aitch,
but that's just your interpretation - it really is the byte 104.

The operating system does not interpret the file names as characters
at all, with the exception of treating byte 47 as the path separator
(typically interpreted by people as slash).

Your locale becomes only relevant when displaying file names, and
having to chose what glyphs to use.

 So, I have been trying combinations of open:
 1. f = codecs.open( paf, r, utf8 )
 I had hopes for this one.
 2. f = codecs.open( paf, r, locale.getpreferredencoding())
 3. f = open( paf, r)

Now you are mixing two important concepts - the *contents*
of the file with the *name* of the file. These are entirely
independent, and the file name may be in one encoding and
the file contents in another, or the file contents may not
represent character data at all.

All these three APIs try to get to the *contents* of the
file, by opening it.

The name is already a byte string (as a character string,
it would have started with u'...'), so there is no need
to encode it. What the content of a .pog file is, I don't
know, so I can't tell you what encoding it is encoded it.

 But none will open it - all get a UnicodeDecodeError. This aligns with my 
 suspicions, but I wanted to bounce it off you to be sure.

Option three should have worked if paf was a string, but
above, I see it as a *list* of strings. So try

  f = open(paf[0], r)#

where paf[0] should be '/home/donn/.fontypython/M\xc3\x96gul.pog',
as paf is ['/home/donn/.fontypython/M\xc3\x96gul.pog']

Still, I question that you *really* got a UnicodeDecodeError
for three: I get

  TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, list found

Can you please type

paf = ['/home/donn/.fontypython/M\xc3\x96gul.pog']
f = open(paf, r)

at the interactive prompt, and report the *complete* shell output?

 Also, this codecs.open(filename, r, encoding) function:
 1. Does it imply that the filename will be opened (with the name as it's 
 type : i.e. bytestring or unicode ) and written *into* as encoding 
 2. Imply that filename will be encoded via encoding and written into as 
 encoding
 It's fuzzy, how is the filename handled?

See above. The encoding in codecs.open has no effect at all on
the file name; it only talks about the file content.

Regards,
Martin

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Re: LANG, locale, unicode, setup.py and Debian packaging

 Now you are mixing two important concepts - the *contents*
 of the file with the *name* of the file. 
Then I suspect the error may be due to the contents having been written in 
utf8 from previous runs. Phew!

It's bedtime on my end, so I'll try it again when I get a chance during the 
week.

Thanks muchly.
\d


-- 
snappy repartee: What you'd say if you had another chance.

Fonty Python and other dev news at:
http://otherwiseingle.blogspot.com/
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Re: SPAM: 04.6/4.0 - Re: Manually installing PIL

2008-01-13 Thread j igisbert.etra-id

My PDA runs with Windows Mobile 2003 SE could you or someone please 
explain me what to do? Thanks a lot for your effort.

-Original Message-
From: Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: python-list@python.org
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2008 21:18:37 +0100
Subject: *SPAM*: 04.6/4.0 - Re: Manually installing PIL

j igisbert.etra-id wrote:

 this. I have download Imaging-1.1.6 source code, and I found PIL folder, 
 but not binary file. If I download windows exe installer, it works 
 great, but I want to install manually for installing it on my PDA 

as the name implies, the source code distribution contains source code 
only.  to turn that into a binary component, you need a working compiler 
for your target platform.

what OS does your PDA run?

/F

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Slicing wrapped numpy arrays

2008-01-13 Thread Martin Manns

Hi,

I have created a class that wraps a numpy array of custom objects. I
would like to be able to slice respective objects (without copying the
array if possible).

I have browsed the doc and found some hints at __getitem__. However, I
still do not grasp how to do it.  How do I implement __getitem__
correctly?


from numpy import *

class Cell(object):
pass

class Map(object):
def __init__(self, dimensions):
self.generate_map(dimensions)

def generate_map(self, dimensions):
map_range = xrange(reduce(lambda x,y: x*y, dimensions))
self.map = array([Cell() for i in map_range])
self.map = self.map.reshape(dimensions)

mymap = Map((100, 100, 100))
mymap[10:20,15:20,:] # This line should work afterwards


Thanks in advance

Martin
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Re: time.time or time.clock

2008-01-13 Thread John Machin

On Jan 14, 7:05 am, Ron Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 I'm having some cross platform issues with timing loops.  It seems
 time.time is better for some computers/platforms and time.clock others, but

Care to explain why it seems so?

 it's not always clear which, so I came up with the following to try to
 determine which.

 import time

 # Determine if time.time is better than time.clock
 # The one with better resolution should be lower.
 if time.clock() - time.clock()  time.time() - time.time():
 clock = time.clock
 else:
 clock = time.time

 Will this work most of the time, or is there something better?


Manual:

clock( )

On Unix, return the current processor time as a floating point number
expressed in seconds. The precision, and in fact the very definition
of the meaning of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C
function of the same name, but in any case, this is the function to
use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms.

On Windows, this function returns wall-clock seconds elapsed since the
first call to this function, as a floating point number, based on the
Win32 function QueryPerformanceCounter(). The resolution is typically
better than one microsecond.
[snip]

time( )

Return the time as a floating point number expressed in seconds since
the epoch, in UTC. Note that even though the time is always returned
as a floating point number, not all systems provide time with a better
precision than 1 second. While this function normally returns non-
decreasing values, it can return a lower value than a previous call if
the system clock has been set back between the two calls.


AFAICT that was enough indication for most people to use time.clock on
all platforms ... before the introduction of the timeit module; have
you considered it?

It looks like your method is right sometimes by accident. func() -
func() will give a negative answer with a high resolution timer and a
meaningless answer with a low resolution timer, where high and low
are relative to the time taken for the function call, so you will pick
the high resolution one most of the time because the meaningless
answer is ZERO (no tick, no change). Some small fraction of the time
the low resolution timer will have a tick between the two calls and
you will get the wrong answer (-big  -small). In the case of two
low resolution timers, both will give a meaningless answer and you
will choose arbitrarily.

HTH,
John
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Re: Slicing wrapped numpy arrays

2008-01-13 Thread Robert Kern

Martin Manns wrote:
 Hi,
 
 I have created a class that wraps a numpy array of custom objects. I
 would like to be able to slice respective objects (without copying the
 array if possible).
 
 I have browsed the doc and found some hints at __getitem__. However, I
 still do not grasp how to do it.  How do I implement __getitem__
 correctly?

 mymap[10:20,15:20,:] # This line should work afterwards

The first thing you should do is simply implement a very basic, nonfunctional 
version just to see what objects come in:

In [1]: class Sliceable(object):
...: def __getitem__(self, arg):
...: print arg
...:

 From the output of that you should be able to figure out how to process each 
of 
the various inputs that you want to handle.

In [2]: s = Sliceable()

In [3]: s[0]
0

In [4]: s[-1]
-1

In [5]: s[100]
100

In [6]: s[1:10]
slice(1, 10, None)

In [7]: s[1:10:2]
slice(1, 10, 2)

In [8]: s[1:10:-2]
slice(1, 10, -2)

In [9]: s[:10:2,10]
(slice(None, 10, 2), 10)

In [10]: s[:10:2,10:100:10]
(slice(None, 10, 2), slice(10, 100, 10))

In [11]: s[:10:2,10::10]
(slice(None, 10, 2), slice(10, None, 10))

In [12]: s[::2,10::10]
(slice(None, None, 2), slice(10, None, 10))

-- 
Robert Kern

I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth.
   -- Umberto Eco

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Re: time.time or time.clock

John Machin wrote:

 AFAICT that was enough indication for most people to use time.clock on
 all platforms ...

which was unfortunate, given that time.clock() isn't even a proper clock 
on most Unix systems; it's a low-resolution sample counter that can 
happily assign all time to a process that uses, say, 2% CPU and zero 
time to one that uses 98% CPU.

  before the introduction of the timeit module; have you considered it?

whether or not timeit suites his requirements, he can at least replace 
his code with

 clock = timeit.default_timer

which returns a good wall-time clock (which happens to be time.time() on 
Unix and time.clock() on Windows).

/F

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Re: paging in python shell

2008-01-13 Thread Tim Roberts

Alex K [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

Does anyone know if the python shell supports paging or if I should
look into iPython? Thank you so much.

Paging is an overloaded term.  What do you mean, exactly?  Do you mean
something like piping the output into more?  The Python shell does that
for the help command, but maybe you could post a more precise example of
what you want.
-- 
Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Providenza  Boekelheide, Inc.
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Re: converting JSON to string

2008-01-13 Thread Gowri

On Jan 12, 2:58 am, Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven [EMAIL PROTECTED]
nomine.org wrote:
 -On [20080112 08:38], Gowri ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:

 Actually, I have one other problem after all this. I see that if I try
 to construct JSON output as above, it is of the form
 [{'isbn': u'1-56592-724-9', 'title': u'The Cathedral  the Bazaar'},
 {'isbn': u'1-56592-051-1', 'title': u'Making TeX Work'}]
 The extra 'u' seems to causing syntax error in JavaScript which is not
 able to parse this response string. Any idea how I can fix this?

 JSON does not support Unicode in the sense of allowing raw Unicode codepoints.
 Instead JSON uses a \u scheme to encode Unicode characters (a bit flawed
 to limit it to four hexadecimal digits though, it leaves the whole CJK Unified
 Ideographs Extension B out of scope.).

 I use simplejson along with lxml/ElementTree for my JSONXML needs.

 --
 Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmodai(-at-)in-nomine.org / asmodai
 イェルーン ラウフロック ヴァン デル ウェルヴェンhttp://www.in-nomine.org/|http://www.rangaku.org/
 Any road leads to the end of the world...

Thanks Jeroen. That helped a lot :)
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Re: Slicing wrapped numpy arrays

2008-01-13 Thread Martin Manns

On Sun, 13 Jan 2008 16:03:16 -0600
Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Martin Manns wrote:
  Hi,
  
  I have created a class that wraps a numpy array of custom objects. I
  would like to be able to slice respective objects (without copying
  the array if possible).
  
  I have browsed the doc and found some hints at __getitem__.
  However, I still do not grasp how to do it.  How do I implement
  __getitem__ correctly?
 
  mymap[10:20,15:20,:] # This line should work afterwards
 
 The first thing you should do is simply implement a very basic,
 nonfunctional version just to see what objects come in:
 
 In [1]: class Sliceable(object):
 ...: def __getitem__(self, arg):
 ...: print arg
 ...:

I did that and got here:

 (slice(None, None, 2), slice(10, None, 10))

However, I still do not see how I get a Map object that employs a
slice of the array without creating a new Map object.

Martin
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Re: How to get user home directory on Windows

2008-01-13 Thread Martin P. Hellwig

Giampaolo Rodola' wrote:
 Hi all,
 I'm trying to use the pywin32 extension to find out the user's home
 directory but currently I didn't find a solution yet.
 What I'd need to do is not getting the home directory of the currently
 logged in user but something like:
 
 get_homedir(frank)
 C:\home\users\frank
 get_homedir(josh)
 C:\home\users\josh
 
 Is there a way to do that?
 I tried to search through the Pywin32 documentation with no luck.
 In addition I'm not practiced with the Windows API at all.

Well, windows, to my knowledge, uses the same base path for all profiles 
(this is not true for the My Documents folder which can differ). So what 
you could do is get the location from the ALLUSERPROFILE environment 
variable, go one folder higher and iterate through that.
Ignoring the folders for the 'pseudo' users: 'All Users', 'Default 
User', 'LocalService' and 'NetworkService'.

hth
-- 
mph
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Re: i am new guy for this discussion group

2008-01-13 Thread bill.wu

On Jan 14, 2:03 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Jan 13, 3:03 pm, bill.wu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

  i am new guy to learn python,also for this discussion group, i am
  chinese.
  nice to meet you, everyone.

 Hi and welcome onboard.

 If you're new to programming in general, you may want to join the
 tutor mailing-list.http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor

 If you're already a programmer, you may want to follow the offficial
 tutorial, then probably 
 diveintopython:http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.htmlhttp://www.diveintopython.org/

 HTH

thank you very much.
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Re: import gzip error (please help)

2008-01-13 Thread syahreza.octadian

On Jan 11, 7:14 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 the core zlib library (libz.so) isn't installed on your machine.


but in my machine there is file
-rwxr-xr-x   1 bin  bin48576 Sep 20  2006 /usr/local/lib/
python2.5/lib-dynload/zlib.so


if i have to install zlib library core, where i can found it for
solaris 10 sparcv.

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Re: How to get user home directory on Windows

2008-01-13 Thread Tim Golden

Martin P. Hellwig wrote:
 Giampaolo Rodola' wrote:
 Hi all,
 I'm trying to use the pywin32 extension to find out the user's home
 directory but currently I didn't find a solution yet.
 What I'd need to do is not getting the home directory of the currently
 logged in user but something like:

 get_homedir(frank)
 C:\home\users\frank
 get_homedir(josh)
 C:\home\users\josh

 Is there a way to do that?
 I tried to search through the Pywin32 documentation with no luck.
 In addition I'm not practiced with the Windows API at all.
 
 Well, windows, to my knowledge, uses the same base path for all profiles 
 (this is not true for the My Documents folder which can differ). So what 
 you could do is get the location from the ALLUSERPROFILE environment 
 variable, go one folder higher and iterate through that.
 Ignoring the folders for the 'pseudo' users: 'All Users', 'Default 
 User', 'LocalService' and 'NetworkService'.

The trouble with that is that any particular user's profile can be
specifically overridden. I'm not attached to an AD network here,
but I think a networked user's profile can be network based
(whike a local user's won't be, say). And there are other ways
to change the profile too, down to hacking the registry as
described here:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314843/#XSLTH3129121125120121120120

That said, it'll probably work for a lot of the people for
a lot of the time.

TJG
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Re: Great Python books for the beginner

2008-01-13 Thread MooJoo

In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
 GeneralCody [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 On 2008-01-12 08:03:42 +0100, Landon [EMAIL PROTECTED] said:
 
  Hi, I'm a freshman in college and I'm going to be taking an intro to
  programming course next semester which mainly uses Python, so I
  thought it might be a good time to pick up Python beyond the scope of
  the class as well. The text book for this class is Python for the
  Absolute Beginner or something similar to that name.
  
  I was wondering if anyone had any opinions on what other titles I
  could look into since this one seems from a glance at reviews to be
  teaching mainly through game programming (a topic I'm not too
  interested in) or if this one is a quality book by itself.
 
 I would definetly go for Learning Python first, maybe Apress Python, 
 from novice to Professional as well...
 
  

Second those suggestions. Both are excellent books for the novice with 
details more experienced pythonistas can use. Although it is an 
excellent book, stay away from the Python Cookbook for now. Appreciating 
it requires a good working knowledge first.

If you do get Learning Python, make sure its the 3rd edition that just 
became available. It covers the current 2.5 release.
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Re: Slicing wrapped numpy arrays

2008-01-13 Thread Robert Kern

Martin Manns wrote:
 On Sun, 13 Jan 2008 16:03:16 -0600
 Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 
 Martin Manns wrote:
 Hi,

 I have created a class that wraps a numpy array of custom objects. I
 would like to be able to slice respective objects (without copying
 the array if possible).

 I have browsed the doc and found some hints at __getitem__.
 However, I still do not grasp how to do it.  How do I implement
 __getitem__ correctly?
 mymap[10:20,15:20,:] # This line should work afterwards
 The first thing you should do is simply implement a very basic,
 nonfunctional version just to see what objects come in:

 In [1]: class Sliceable(object):
 ...: def __getitem__(self, arg):
 ...: print arg
 ...:
 
 I did that and got here:
 
 (slice(None, None, 2), slice(10, None, 10))
 
 However, I still do not see how I get a Map object that employs a
 slice of the array without creating a new Map object.

That's because creating a new Map object is the right thing to do.

Instead of making Map.__init__() generate the map array from the dimensions, it 
should just take a preconstructed map array. You can use a @classmethod or just 
a factory function to provide an alternate constructor which builds a Map from 
the dimensions.

When designing classes, I usually try to do as little computation as possible 
in 
an __init__(). Doing a lot of stuff there limits the ways you can build the 
object later. For some classes, this doesn't matter a whole lot, but for data 
structures that can be sliced and concatenated or otherwise transformed, you 
really want that flexibility.

-- 
Robert Kern

I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth.
   -- Umberto Eco

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Threaded server

2008-01-13 Thread Giampaolo Rodola'

Hi,
I'm trying to run an asynchronous FTP server I wrote into a thread for
being able to run a test suite against it.
The code below is the threaded FTP server code I'm using:


--- snippet ---
class FTPd(threading.Thread):

def __init__(self):
self.active = False
threading.Thread.__init__(self)

def start(self, flag=None):
assert not self.active
self.flag = flag
threading.Thread.start(self)

def run(self):
assert not self.active
ftpd = ftpserver.FTPServer(address, ftp_handler)
if self.flag:
self.flag.set()
self.active = True
while self.active:
ftpd.server_forever(timeout=1, count=1)
ftpd.close()

def stop(self):
assert self.active
self.active = False

flag = threading.Event()
ftpd = FTPd()
ftpd.start(flag)
flag.wait()  # wait for it to start
unittest.main() # run the test suite
ftpd.stop()
--- /snippet ---


Sometimes I get a strange error when all the tests have finished, the
server is stopped and Python is exiting:

--
Ran 50 tests in 1.515s

OK
Exception exceptions.TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable in
bound me
thod FTPHandler.__del__ of pyftpdlib.ftpserver.FTPHandler connected
127.0.0.1:2
249 at 0xa4b080 ignored
Exception exceptions.TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable in
bound me
thod FTPServer.__del__ of pyftpdlib.ftpserver.FTPServer listening
127.0.0.1:543
21 at 0x9e1a30 ignored


I sincerely don't know why that happens but it's likely because I'm
not using threads properly.
My concern is that this could be caused by a sort of race condition
(e.g. Python tries to exit when ftpd.close call is not yet completed).

I tried to put a lock in the close() method for waiting the run()
method to be completed before returning but I didn't solve the
problem.
Another information, in case it could be useful, is that this seems to
happen with Python 2.3 only.
By using 2.4 and Python 2.5 I have no problems.

In such cases which is the right way for doing things?
Using setDaemon(True)?
Could someone point me in the right direction?
I've always used the asynchronous approach and dealing with threads is
a real pain for me.


Thanks in advance.

-- Giampaolo
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Re: time.time or time.clock

2008-01-13 Thread Ron Adam



John Machin wrote:
 On Jan 14, 7:05 am, Ron Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 I'm having some cross platform issues with timing loops.  It seems
 time.time is better for some computers/platforms and time.clock others, but
 
 Care to explain why it seems so?
 
 it's not always clear which, so I came up with the following to try to
 determine which.

 import time

 # Determine if time.time is better than time.clock
 # The one with better resolution should be lower.
 if time.clock() - time.clock()  time.time() - time.time():
 clock = time.clock
 else:
 clock = time.time

 Will this work most of the time, or is there something better?

 
 Manual:
 
 clock( )
 
 On Unix, return the current processor time as a floating point number
 expressed in seconds. The precision, and in fact the very definition
 of the meaning of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C
 function of the same name, but in any case, this is the function to
 use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms.
 
 On Windows, this function returns wall-clock seconds elapsed since the
 first call to this function, as a floating point number, based on the
 Win32 function QueryPerformanceCounter(). The resolution is typically
 better than one microsecond.
 [snip]
 
 time( )
 
 Return the time as a floating point number expressed in seconds since
 the epoch, in UTC. Note that even though the time is always returned
 as a floating point number, not all systems provide time with a better
 precision than 1 second. While this function normally returns non-
 decreasing values, it can return a lower value than a previous call if
 the system clock has been set back between the two calls.
 
 
 AFAICT that was enough indication for most people to use time.clock on
 all platforms ... before the introduction of the timeit module; have
 you considered it?

I use it to time a Visual Python loop which controls frame rate updates and 
set volocities according to time between frames, rather than frame count. 
The time between frames depends both on the desired frame rate, and the 
background load on the computer, so it isn't constant.

time.clock() isn't high enough resolution for Ubuntu, and time.time() isn't 
high enough resolution on windows.

I do use timeit for bench marking, but haven't tried using in a situation 
like this.


 It looks like your method is right sometimes by accident. func() -
 func() will give a negative answer with a high resolution timer and a
 meaningless answer with a low resolution timer, where high and low
 are relative to the time taken for the function call, so you will pick
 the high resolution one most of the time because the meaningless
 answer is ZERO (no tick, no change). Some small fraction of the time
 the low resolution timer will have a tick between the two calls and
 you will get the wrong answer (-big  -small). 

If the difference is between two high resolution timers then it will be 
good enough.  I think the time between two consectutive func() calls is 
probably low enough to rule out low resolution timers.


In the case of two
 low resolution timers, both will give a meaningless answer and you
 will choose arbitrarily.

In the case of two low resolution timers, it will use time.time.  In this 
case I probably need to raise an exception.  My program won't work 
correctly with a low resolution timer.

Thanks for the feed back, I will try to find something more dependable.

Ron





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Re: time.time or time.clock

2008-01-13 Thread Ron Adam



Fredrik Lundh wrote:
 John Machin wrote:
 
 AFAICT that was enough indication for most people to use time.clock on
 all platforms ...
 
 which was unfortunate, given that time.clock() isn't even a proper clock 
 on most Unix systems; it's a low-resolution sample counter that can 
 happily assign all time to a process that uses, say, 2% CPU and zero 
 time to one that uses 98% CPU.
 
   before the introduction of the timeit module; have you considered it?
 
 whether or not timeit suites his requirements, he can at least replace 
 his code with
 
  clock = timeit.default_timer
 
 which returns a good wall-time clock (which happens to be time.time() on 
 Unix and time.clock() on Windows).


Thanks for the suggestion Fredrik, I looked at timeit and it does the 
following.


import sys
import time

if sys.platform == win32:
 # On Windows, the best timer is time.clock()
 default_timer = time.clock
else:
 # On most other platforms the best timer is time.time()
 default_timer = time.time



I was hoping I could determine which to use by the values returned.  But 
maybe that isn't as easy as it seems it would be.


Ron

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(bit)torrent source code help

2008-01-13 Thread Astan Chee

Hi,
Im using windows XP and I was wondering if anyone had any experience in 
compiling (using py2exe) the official bittorrent client ( 
http://download.bittorrent.com/dl/BitTorrent-5.2.0.tar.gz ) or any 
bittorrent client open source and written in python. I ask since I am 
trying to make several of my own modification to the protocol but the 
official open source client keeps on giving me missing modules (I have 
all the required modules and components and it keeps on failing due to 
platform-based errors) when I try to create an executable of it using 
py2exe.
Can anyone either suggest another source code for a torrent client or 
any torrent client in python that compiles nicely with py2exe in windows?
Thanks
Astan
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Recieving emails in python

2008-01-13 Thread mobiledreamers

I m trying to create something simple a mailing list similar to yahoo groups
I m stumbling at the part where the python recieves messages via say
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

how to make python recieve emails and process it
after that it is straight forward processing in python inserting in db etc
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Re: Recieving emails in python

2008-01-13 Thread mobiledreamers

ok i dont want to write an mta
i want to use another mta
to recieve emails on say -

[EMAIL PROTECTED]

so can i start reading the emails to python from that mta

How to set this up to read messages from the mta

sending out email
we are using sendmail so we ll continue using that for now
thanks
It depends.

If you're trying to write a MTA, think about looking at and stealing
parts of mailmain and smtpd.py

Mailman: http://www.gnu.org/software/mailman/index.html
Smtpd:http://barry.warsaw.us/software/Code/smtpd.py

If you're going to use someone else as a MTA then just use IMAP or POP
to get the mail out, there are IMAP and POP libraries

imap: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-imaplib.html
pop: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-poplib.html

Else, if you're writing this all from scratch, whip out the RFC and
start hacking:
http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc821.txt

--Michael
On 1/13/08, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 I m trying to create something simple a mailing list similar to yahoo
 groups
 I m stumbling at the part where the python recieves messages via say
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]

 how to make python recieve emails and process it
 after that it is straight forward processing in python inserting in db etc

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Re: Recieving emails in python

2008-01-13 Thread Shane Geiger

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 I m trying to create something simple a mailing list similar to yahoo
 groups
 I m stumbling at the part where the python recieves messages via say
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]

 how to make python recieve emails and process it
 after that it is straight forward processing in python inserting in db etc

Can you use POP to access Yahoo groups?

If so, this script will get you started:

#!/usr/bin/python

Redirect the output to a file to capture the contents of the mailbox.

host = 'foo.com'
account = 'jennyjenny'
password = '8675309'

import getpass, poplib
M = poplib.POP3(host)
#M.user(getpass.getuser())
#M.pass_(getpass.getpass())
M.user(account)
M.pass_(password)
numMessages = len(M.list()[1])
for i in range(numMessages):
for j in M.retr(i+1)[1]:
print j



-- 
Shane Geiger
IT Director
National Council on Economic Education
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  |  402-438-8958  |  http://www.ncee.net

Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy

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Re: where do my python files go in linux?

2008-01-13 Thread A.T.Hofkamp

On 2008-01-12, Jorgen Bodde [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Question 1. Where do I put the bulk of python scripts in a normal
 linux environment?
 Question 2. Should I use *.pyc rather then *.py files to speed up
 executing as the user cannot write to /usr/bin or any other dir in the
 system and everytime my app runs it will recompile it

 Thanks for any advice or maybe a good tutorial how to set up files in
 a linux environment

Rather than re-inventing the wheel, please have a look at distutils:
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-distutils.html

It does most if not all of the things you want to do.
If you want something more advanced, read about eggs.


Sincerely,
Albert
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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch


Christian Heimes added the comment:

The new patch is using a struct sequence (like the result of os.stat):

 import sys
 sys.flags
sys.flags (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 dir(sys.flags)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__',
'__eq__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__',
'__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',
'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'debug',
'division_new', 'division_warning', 'dont_write_bytecode',
'ingnore_environment', 'inspect', 'interactive', 'n_fields',
'n_sequence_fields', 'n_unnamed_fields', 'no_site', 'optimize',
'py3k_warning', 'tabcheck', 'unicode', 'verbose']
 sys.flags.debug
0

Please ignore the other files. They are part of my second PEP.

Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file9149/trunk_sys_flags.patch

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[issue1550] help('modules') broken by several 3rd party libraries (svn patch attached)

2008-01-13 Thread Ka-Ping Yee


Ka-Ping Yee added the comment:

Committed the patch in revision 59939.

I'm not clear how it was determined that importing every module was
necessary in order to list the modules or scan their synopsis lines
(this seems to have happened in revision 45510).  This can probably
be made more efficient in the future.

--
resolution:  - accepted
status: open - closed

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[issue1367711] Remove usage of UserDict from os.py

2008-01-13 Thread Andrew Dalke


Andrew Dalke added the comment:

Ahh, so the bug here that the environ dict should use neither UserDict nor 
dict, it should implement the core {get,set,del}item and keys and use 
DictMixin.

Martin mentioned that the patch doesn't support setdefault.  He didn't note 
though that the current code also doesn't support the dictionary interface 
consistently.  This shows a problem with popitem.

 import os
 os.environ[USER]
'dalke'
 os.environ[USER] = nobody
 os.system(echo $USER)
nobody
0
 del os.environ[USER]
 os.system(echo $USER)

0
 os.environ[USER] = dalke
 while os.environ: print os.environ.popitem()
... 
('GROUP', 'staff')
('XDG_DATA_HOME', '/Users/dalke/.local/share')
('TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION', '133')
('CVS_RSH', 'ssh')
('LOGNAME', 'dalke')
('USER', 'dalke')
... removed for conciseness ...
('QTDIR', '/usr/local/qt')
 os.system(echo $USER)
dalke
0
 

Not enough people know about DictMixin.

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[issue1700288] Armin's method cache optimization updated for Python 2.6

2008-01-13 Thread Georg Brandl


Georg Brandl added the comment:

Backed out again in r59940 -- test_ctypes fails in test_incomplete.py.

Armin reports that with his original patch on 2.4, this test passes.

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[issue1700288] Armin's method cache optimization updated for Python 2.6

2008-01-13 Thread Kevin Jacobs


Kevin Jacobs added the comment:

All tests passed when I first ported Armin's patch to 2.6.  I'll have a
chance to look into this later in the week.  If anyone gets to it first,
please summarize your findings here to avoid duplication of effort.

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[issue1472] Small bat files to build docs on Windows

2008-01-13 Thread Georg Brandl


Georg Brandl added the comment:

FTR, I'm currently removing all 2.5isms from Sphinx.

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[issue1814] Victor Stinner's GMP patch for longs


Christian Heimes added the comment:

Why was the mpz module removed from Python 2.4 in the first place? 2.3
has  it.

I see three way to implement the option:

 * Let somebody implement a mpz type as a 3rd party extension.
 * Let somebody implement a mpt type and ship it with the Python core
 * Let somebody write a patch that replaces the built-in long type
implementation with a GMP based implementation (./configure
--with-gmp-integer)

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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch

2008-01-13 Thread Guido van Rossum


Guido van Rossum added the comment:

Can't you use a namedtuple?  Then printing it would show the names of
the flags...

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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch


Christian Heimes added the comment:

Guido van Rossum wrote:
 Can't you use a namedtuple?  Then printing it would show the names of
 the flags...

... and increase the startup costs of Python by loading several
additional modules. The collections module imports _collections,
operator and keyword. I'd rather see a better repr function for the
sequence types.

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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch

2008-01-13 Thread Guido van Rossum


Guido van Rossum added the comment:

 I'd rather see a better repr function for the
 sequence types.

Agreed.  It's kind of unfortunate that we have two implementations for
the same concept, one in C and one in Python.

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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch


Christian Heimes added the comment:

I've coded sys.flags for my per-user site-packages PEP. I could make it
a function but the function would be called by site.py on every startup.

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[issue1778] SyntaxError.offset sometimes wrong

2008-01-13 Thread Achim Gaedke


Achim Gaedke added the comment:

sometimes offset is None...

Example:
def blub(bla, blub=None, blabla):
bla

causes:
non-default argument follows default argument

Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file9150/compile_test.py

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[issue1818] Add named tuple reader to CSV module

2008-01-13 Thread Raymond Hettinger


New submission from Raymond Hettinger:

Here's a proof-of-concept patch.  If approved, will change from
generator form to match the other readers and will add a test suite.

The idea corresponds to what is currently done by the dict reader but
returns a space and time efficient named tuple instead of a dict.  Field
order is preserved and named attribute access is supported.

A writer is not needed because named tuples can be feed into the
existing writer just like regular tuples.

--
assignee: barry
components: Library (Lib)
files: ntreader.diff
messages: 59866
nosy: barry, rhettinger
severity: normal
status: open
title: Add named tuple reader to CSV module
versions: Python 2.6
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file9151/ntreader.diff

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[issue1771] Remove cmp parameter to list.sort() and builtin.sorted()

2008-01-13 Thread Raymond Hettinger


Raymond Hettinger added the comment:

Let's do this.  It is a nice simplification and makes the sort tools
easier to learn and use.

--
assignee:  - rhettinger
resolution:  - accepted

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[issue923643] long - byte-string conversion

2008-01-13 Thread Antoine Pitrou


Antoine Pitrou added the comment:

Unless I'm mistaken, the patch provides only half of the solution: the
stringToLong part, but not longToString.
I agree this feature is interesting, not for optimization but becomes it
avoids using clunky ways (long - hex - bin) to implement something simple.
However, perhaps making it part of either the binascii or the struct
module would allow more formatting choices (e.g. big-endian or
little-endian, fixed-length or not). For example in cryptography you
would want a byte string of a fixed size even if your 512-bit number
happens to have its 8 most significant bits set to zero.

--
nosy: +pitrou


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[issue1816] sys.cmd_flags patch


Christian Heimes added the comment:

Does anybody see a problem with this repr slot implementation for
structseq? It gives this output:

 os.stat(.)
posix.stat_result st_mode=16832, st_ino=11666571L, st_dev=65025L,
st_nlink=20, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=4096L,
st_atime=1200261754, st_mtime=1200261721, st_ctime=1200261721

static PyObject *
structseq_repr(PyStructSequence *obj)
{
PyObject *tup, *val, *repr;
PyTypeObject *typ = Py_TYPE(obj);
int i, len;
char buf[250+5]; /* ...\0 */
char *cname, *crepr;
char *pbuf = buf;
char *endbuf = buf[250];

*pbuf++ = '';
strncpy(pbuf, typ-tp_name, 50);
pbuf += strlen(typ-tp_name)  50 ? 50 : strlen(typ-tp_name);
*pbuf++ = ' ';

if ((tup = make_tuple(obj)) == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
for (i=0; i  VISIBLE_SIZE(obj); i++) {
cname = typ-tp_members[i].name;
val = PyTuple_GetItem(tup, i);
if (cname == NULL || val == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
repr = PyObject_Repr(val);
if (repr == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(tup);
return NULL;
}
crepr = PyString_AsString(repr);
if (crepr == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(tup);
Py_DECREF(repr);
return NULL;
}
len = strlen(cname) + strlen(crepr) + 3;
if ((pbuf+len)  endbuf) {
strcpy(pbuf, cname);
pbuf += strlen(cname);
*pbuf++ = '=';
strcpy(pbuf, crepr);
pbuf += strlen(crepr);
*pbuf++ = ',';
*pbuf++ = ' ';
Py_DECREF(repr);
}
else {
strcpy(pbuf, ...);
pbuf += 5;
Py_DECREF(repr);
break;
}
}
Py_DECREF(tup);

pbuf-=2;
*pbuf++ = '';
*pbuf = '\0';

repr = PyString_FromString(buf);
return repr;
}

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[issue1682] Move Demo/classes/Rat.py to Lib/rational.py and fix it up.

2008-01-13 Thread Jeffrey Yasskin


Jeffrey Yasskin added the comment:

_binary_float_to_ratio: Oops, fixed.

Rational() now equals 0, but I'd like to postpone Rational('3/2') until
there's a demonstrated need. I don't think it's as common a use as
int('3'), and there's more than one possible format, so some real world
experience will help (that is, quite possibly not in 2.6/3.0). I'm also
postponing Rational(instance_of_numbers_Rational).

+/-inf and nan are gone, and hash is fixed, at least until the next bug.
:) Good idea about using tuple.

Parentheses in str() help with reading things like
%s**2%Rational(3,2), which would otherwise format as 3/2**2. I don't
feel strongly about this.

Equality and the comparisons now work for complex, but their
implementations make me uncomfortable. In particular, two instances of
different Real types may compare unequal to the nearest float, but equal
to each other and have similar but inconsistent problems with =. I can
trade off between false ==s and false !=s, but I don't see a way to make
everything correct. We could do better by making the intermediate
representation Rational instead of float, but comparisons are inherently
doomed to run up against the fact that equality is uncomputable on the
computable reals, so it's probably not worthwhile to spend too much time
on this.

I've added a test that float(Rational(long('2'*400+'7'),
long('3'*400+'1'))) returns 2.0/3. This works without any explicit
scaling on my part because long.__truediv__ already handles it. If
there's something else I'm doing wrong around here, I'd appreciate a
failing test case.

The open issues I know of are:
 * Is it a good idea to have both numbers.Rational and
rational.Rational? Should this class have a different name?
 * trim and approximate: Let's postpone them to a separate patch (I do
think at least one is worth including in 2.6+3.0). So that you don't
waste time on them, we already have implementations in the sandbox and
(probably) a good-enough explanation at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction#Best_rational_approximations.
Thanks for the offer to help out with them. :)
 * Should Rational.from_float() exist and with the current name? If
there's any disagreement, I propose to rename it to
Rational._from_float() to discourage use until there's more consensus.
 * Rational.from_decimal(): punted to a future patch. I favor this for
2.6+3.0.
 * Rational('3/2') (see above)

I think this is close enough to correct to submit and fix up the
remaining problems in subsequent patches. If you agree, I'll do so.

Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file9152/rational.patch

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[issue1799] Per user site-packages and setup.py install --user patch