Re: iterating over two arrays in parallel?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to interate over two arrays in parallel, something like this: a=[1,2,3] b=[4,5,6] for i,j in a,b: print i,j where i,j would be 1,4,2,5, 3,6 etc. Is this possible? How to fish for yourself: search 'Python loop two arrays parallel' and second hit with Google is http://docs.python.org/tut/node7.html which has this entry To loop over two or more sequences at the same time, the entries can be paired with the zip() function. questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color'] answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue'] for q, a in zip(questions, answers): ... print 'What is your %s? It is %s.' % (q, a) ... What is your name? It is lancelot. What is your quest? It is the holy grail. What is your favorite color? It is blue. Or go to the Tutorial directly, expand the chapter headings, and notice that 5. Data Structures has section 5.6 Looping Techniques. Indeed, I recommend that you read thru at least the first 9 chapters. tjr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Lining Up and PaddingTwo Similar Lists
On Aug 29, 12:29 am, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: castironpi wrote: This gets you your list. What do you mean by 'missing member of (a.dat, a.txt) is a pair. (None, a.txt) has a.dat missing. I just need to issue a msg to the user that one member of a file pair is missing. Both files need to be present to make sense of the data. pairs'? If you mean, 'set of elements that appear in both' or 'set that appears in one but not both', you can short circuit it at line 14. -warning, spoiler- It looks like you went beyond the call of duty, but that's fine. It looks like I have a few new features to learn about in Python. In particular, dictionaries. Thanks. Actually, the file names are probably in order as I pick them up in XP. I would think if someone had sorted the folder, that as one reads the folder they are in alpha order, low to high. -- W. Watson (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet I don't think that's guaranteed by anything. I realized that 'dat.sort()' and 'txt.sort()' weren't necessary, since their contents are moved to a dictionary, which isn't sorted. both= set( datD.keys() ) set( txtD.keys() ) This will get you the keys (prefixes) that are in both. Then for every prefix if it's not in 'both', you can report it. Lastly, since you suggest you're guaranteed that 'txt' will all share the same extension, you can do away with the dictionary and use sets entirely. Only if you can depend on that assumption. I took a look at this. It's probably more what you had in mind, and the dictionaries are overkill. import os.path dat= ['a.dat', 'c.dat', 'g.dat', 'k.dat', 'p.dat'] datset= set( [ os.path.splitext( x )[ 0 ] for x in dat ] ) print datset txt= ['a.txt', 'b.txt', 'g.txt', 'k.txt', 'r.txt', 'w.txt'] txtset= set( [ os.path.splitext( x )[ 0 ] for x in txt ] ) print txtset both= txtset datset for d in datset- both: print '%s.dat not matched'% d for t in txtset- both: print '%s.txt not matched'% t OUTPUT: set(['a', 'p', 'c', 'k', 'g']) set(['a', 'b', 'g', 'k', 'r', 'w']) p.dat not matched c.dat not matched r.txt not matched b.txt not matched w.txt not matched -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
Hi,
try defaultdict:
In [1]: from collections import defaultdict
In [2]: d=defaultdict(list)
In [3]: d[1].append(7)
In [4]: d[1].append(8)
In [5]: d
Out[5]: defaultdict(type 'list', {1: [7, 8]})
In [6]: d[1]
Out[6]: [7, 8]
Regards,
wr
Am Donnerstag 28 August 2008 19:02:55 schrieb Ron Brennan:
I have another question.
How would like to be able to add the contents on the values for one key.
key['20001']:[978, 345]
How can I do this?
Thanks,
Ron
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 11:56 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
norseman a écrit :
Terry Reedy wrote:
Ron Brennan wrote:
Hello,
How would I create a dictionary that contains multiple values for
one key.
Make the value a collection object (set or list if you plan to add and
delete).
I'd also like the key to be able to have duplicate entries.
Dict keys must be hashable and unique.
tjr
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First part I understand, second is still giving me a problem.
For some reason I still want keys to be dbf column headers.
like:
name:address:zip so forth
--- --- --
guy: unknown:0
girl: 123 tiny street:12345
boy:321 here:3
gal:999 over there: 5
so forth
Thus one key has many values. And you can then index on whatever key(s)
you wish - name,zip...
You can either use 1/ a list of dicts, or 2/ a dict mapping keys to
lists.
1/
records = [
{name:guy, address:unknown,zip:0},
{name:girl, address:123 tiny street,zip:12345},
{name:boy, address:321 here,zip:3},
{name:gal, address:999 over there,zip:5},
]
keys = (name, address, zip)
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for record in records:
data = [record[key] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
2/
records = dict(
name=[guy, girl, boy, gal],
address=[unknown,123 tiny street,321 there,999 over there],
zip=[0, 12345, 3, 5]
)
keys = (name, address, zip)
nb_records = len(records[keys[0]])
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for i in xrange(nb_records):
data = [data[key][i] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
You are of course entitled the right to prefer the second solution, but
then I hope I'll never have to maintain your code, since it's obviously
not an appropriate data structure.
With billions plus records,
With billions plus records, it may be time to move to a serious RDBMS.
Which btw will provide solution 1, or a lighter version of it using a
list of tuples, ie:
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(select name, address, zip from peoples)
records = cursor.fetchall()
# at this time, you have :
#records = [
# (guy, unknown,0,),
# (girl, 123 tiny street,12345,),
# (boy, 321 here,3,),
# (gal, 999 over there, 5,),
#]
(snip)
OK - I know I missed the whole concept of a Python Dictionary.
Bad thing for you, since it's the central datastructure in Python.
I haven't read anything as yet that gives a clear picture of what it is
and
what it is for.
Then you failed to read the FineManual's tutorial, which is where you
should have started:
http://docs.python.org/tut/node7.html#SECTION00750
Do yourself a favour : read the above first, then if you still have
questions about dicts, we'll gladly try to help.
And do yourself another favour : learn about SQL, relational model and
RDBMS.
(snip description of why the OP *really* wants a RDBMS)
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Re: Tough Guy Competition
On Aug 29, 3:45 pm, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Something to do on your weekends. [non-related link clipped] Another thing to do with your weekends would be to -not spam-. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Lining Up and PaddingTwo Similar Lists
W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
[a.dat, c.dat, g.dat, k.dat, p.dat]
[a.txt, b.txt, g.txt, k.txt r.txt, w.txt]
What I need is to pair up items with the same prefix and use None,
or some marker, to indicate the absence of the opposite item.
This is functionally influenced but should be straightforward:
dat = ['a.dat', 'c.dat', 'g.dat', 'k.dat', 'p.dat']
txt = ['a.txt', 'b.txt', 'g.txt', 'k.txt', 'r.txt', 'w.txt']
# just get the portion of the filename before the first period
def prefix(filename):
return filename[:filename.find('.')]
# make a dictionary mapping prefixes to filenames
def make_dict(plist):
return dict((prefix(a),a) for a in plist)
pdat = make_dict(dat)
ptxt = make_dict(txt)
# get a list of all the prefixes, use set to remove
# duplicates, then sort the result and look up each prefix.
for p in sorted(set(pdat.keys() + ptxt.keys())):
print pdat.get(p), ptxt.get(p)
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Python-2.3.4 on OSF1 V4.0?
Hi Edmond and any interested reader, I've successfully patched _socket extension of python 2.5.1 to build on OSF1 V4.0 with gcc 4.1.2. The following construct is put right after #include Python.h and #include structmember.h: #define _POSIX_PII_SOCKET #define _LIBC_POLLUTION_H_ Ivosh Raisr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
computer support
hello every body in the group -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
Dear group,
Thanx for your idea to use dictionary instead of a list. Your code is
more or less, OK, some problems are there, I'll debug them. Well, I
feel the insert problem is coming because of the Hindi thing.
And Python2.5 is supporting Hindi quite fluently.
I am writing in Python2.5.1.
Best Regards,
Subhabrata.
Terry Reedy wrote:
SUBHABRATA, I recommend you study this excellent response carefully.
castironpi wrote:
On Aug 28, 11:13 am, SUBHABRATA [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
-.
Instead split up your inputs first thing.
trans= { 'a': 'A', 'at': 'AT', 'to': 'TO' }
sample= 'a boy at the park walked to the tree'
expected= 'A boy AT the park walked TO the tree'
It starts with a concrete test case -- an 'executable problem
statement'. To me, this is cleared and more useful than the 20 lines of
prose you used. A single line English statement would be Problem:
Replace selected words in a text using a dictionary. Sometimes, less
(words) really is more (understanding).
If the above is *not* what you meant, then give a similarly concrete
example that does what you *do* mean.
sample_list= sample.split( )
for i, x in enumerate( sample_list ):
if x in trans:
sample_list[ i ]= trans[ x ]
Meaningful names make the code easy to understand. Meaningless numbered
'a's require each reader to create meaningful names and associate them
in his/her head. But that is part of the job of the programmer.
result= ' '.join( sample_list )
print result
assert result== expected
It ends with an automated test that is easy to rerun should the code in
between need to be modified. Assert only prints something if there is
an error. With numerous tests, that is what one often wants. But with
only one, your might prefer 'print' instead of 'assert' to get a more
reassuring and satisfying 'True' printed.
Then replace them as you visit each one, and join them later.
If you are using Hindi characters, you might want to use Python3 when it
arrives, since it will use Unicode strings as the (default) string type.
But for posting here, stick with the ascii subset.
Terry Jan Reedy
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Re: computer support
On 2008-08-29, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello every body in the group Hello Dr Nick :-) -- http://www.andrews-corner.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
u just click, u get some dollars
http://www.onlineincomess.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest way to write huge files
Terry Reedy wrote: Mohamed Yousef wrote: let's say , I'm moving large files through network between devices what is the fastest way to do this ? what i came up with :- Use your OS's network copy command. On unix, that was once uucp. On Windows, I drag-and-drop to/from a Network Neighborhood location, including to a printer, so I don't know whether you can use copy and if so how. For completeness' sake, on Windows you could use any of the following techniques with a UNC as the destination (and/or source): http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/copy-a-file.html TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyDoc in Windows Vista
I can't seem to access the pydoc sever from my web browser. I start the server from the command prompt and everything seems to be working fine, then I got to http://localhost:/ and it doesn't work. I also tried starting the graphical mode with the -g parameter but I still cannot use PyDoc. It works on my Ubuntu Partition so I do know how to use it. Any help is appreciated. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyDoc in Vista
I can't seem to get Pydoc up and running in windows Vista. I can search for modules manually by using the pydoc module_name command but if i try to set up an http server, it says the server is up and running but I can't access it in FF or IE. Any help is appreciated. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Syntax error in .py file and globals variable values not available.
Timothy Grant a écrit : On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 1:40 AM, Alexis Boutillier [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Timothy Grant a écrit : On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 2:49 AM, Alexis Boutillier [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I have a strange behaviour of python with pdb and import statement. Here is the example code : file my1.py: import my2 file my2.py: a=5 toto I intentionnaly put a syntax error in file my2.py. If I run python -i my2.py and run pdb I got : NameError: name 'toto' is not defined import pdb pdb.pm() - toto print a 5 If I run python -i my1.py and run pdb I got : NameError: name 'toto' is not defined import pdb pdb.pm() - toto print a None Why can't I get access to variable a in pdb when the process generating the error came from an import statement ? With python 2.3.5, it works fine and in the two cases I get the correct value of 5 for variable a. with python 2.43,2.5.1,2.5.2, it doesn't work and I get None value for variable a. Somebody can explain me this behaviour ? Thanks. -- Boutillier Alexis Methodology engineer Arteris SA The Network-on-Chip Company TM www.arteris.net 6 par Ariane Immeuble Mercure 78284 Guyancourt Cedex France Office: (+33) 1 61 37 38 71 Fax:(+33) 1 61 37 38 41 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Because of the syntax error the module wasn't loaded. What kind of behaviour would you expect on code that has been flagged as not executable? I got the same behaviour with : file my2.py: a=5 raise SystemError, In pdb, I can't have the value of attribute a. So this is not linked to the fact that it is a SyntaxError or a SystemError. I expect to be able to have the value of all attributes that have been used before the error occured. This is problematic because in a more complicated code, you can't have the value of the attribute that was used before the error occured. Python know that this attribute exist, it only don't have its value. other attribute affected are : __name__,__doc__,__file__. -- Boutillier Alexis Methodology engineer Arteris SA The Network-on-Chip Company TM www.arteris.net 6 par Ariane Immeuble Mercure 78284 Guyancourt Cedex France Office: (+33) 1 61 37 38 71 Fax:(+33) 1 61 37 38 41 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list So if you were writing C code and the file failed to compile you would still expect to have a working executable that just worked up until the point of the syntax error? I'm not sure why you just don't fix the syntax error and move on. As you can see in my last response, this problem is not linked to the type of error, If I raise a SystemError instead of creating a SyntaxError I still can't access variable defined before the error. -- Boutillier Alexis Methodology engineer Arteris SA The Network-on-Chip Company TM www.arteris.net 6 par Ariane Immeuble Mercure 78284 Guyancourt Cedex France Office: (+33) 1 61 37 38 71 Fax:(+33) 1 61 37 38 41 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking if the file is a symlink fails
On Aug 28, 10:20 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Do you mean the following is deprecated ? http://docs.python.org/lib/module-stat.html From the documentation - S_ISLNK( mode) Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link. As that page states, that's a function used to interpret a mode flag returned by os.stat, os.fstat, or os.lstat. It obviously won't give you the result you're looking for if you use a stat function that *follows* symbolic links. /F Thank you Fredrick and Miles, stat() is on the actual file and not on the symlink. That explains. -Saswat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
os.ChDir() not thread-safe; was : Is tempfile.mkdtemp() thread-safe?
Gabriel Rossetti wrote: Hello, I'm using tempfile.mkdtemp() in a multithreading program and I've been having problems with it. Sometimes it tells me the file I'm trying to access (in the directory created with tempfile.mkdtemp()) doesn't exist. I suspect that tempfile.mkdtemp() returns the same directory to different threads sometimes. Does anyone know anything about this or have a solution? I have to create unique and temp. directories to use an external program that creates a temp. file with the same name every time, thus if I want to call it from several threads, each call has to be from a different directory. Thank you, Gabriel I think I found what was wrong, I was using os.chDir(), and the current directory is shared by all threads : http://www.biais.org/blog/index.php/2007/01/23/19-python-threads-and-oschdir http://bugs.python.org/issue1367 I hope this helps anyone that ever has such a problem! Gabriel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
microsoft terminal server
HI, i would like to know if there is a way to create a python script for automate mstsc.exe username and pwd credential, i mean i would create a script that first open mstsc.exe and in the same time is able to fill [computer+username+pwd]. Regards thanks a lot in advance -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python svn bindings for Subversion?
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 19:58:10 GMT, Matthew Woodcraft [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Mike B writes: I'm trying to get Subversion 'hook scripts' working on an Ubuntu box and the following fails. from svn import fs, repos, core, delta [...] 'svn' appears to be a SWIG wrapper and could be what I'm looking for, but I cannot find it anywhere. Can anyone point me in the right direction. It's maintained as part of the main Subversion distribution. http://svn.collab.net/viewvc/svn/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/ In Ubuntu, it should be in the python-subversion package. That fixed it. Thanks Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subclassing complex
On Aug 29, 12:17 am, BiDi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have been trying to subclass complex, but I am not able to get the right-hand arithmetic operators working. As shown below, if an object of my subclass 'xcomplex' is added on the right of a 'comlex' object, the type returned is 'complex', not 'xcomplex'. I've tried subclassing float and it works fine (don't even need to define __coerce__ in that case) Is this a bug, or am I missing something? I think the issue is that Python first tries to use the __add__ method of the left-most object, and only attempts to use __radd__ with the right-most object if that fails. Because you have subclassed the complex class, the __add__ method of the complex number will work fine, returning a complex result. If you want to keep that from working, you probably want to just inherit from 'object' rather than 'complex', and reimplement all the methods you care about (possibly with a very simple wrapper around an internal complex number). Regards, Pat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
help needed with dictionary
hi all,
i am a newbie in python. i was trying to work with dictionaries. i
wanted to input values through command line and store the values in a
dictionary. i mean for the same key , multiple values. can any1
suggest me how can i do it.thank you
i tried this, but the old value is replaced by new one, but i want to
store al values entered by user.
kev = {}
if kev.has_key('Name'):
kev['Name'].append(person_name)
print 'name is ', kev['Name']
else:
kev['Name'] = [person_name]
print kevin's name is %s % kev['Name']
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Re: [1,2,3] exactly same as [1,2,3,] ?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: x=[1,2,3] and x=[1,2,3,] are exactly the same, right? I'm generating some python data, and it's less error prone to not treat the last element specially, but I want to be sure I'm generating an equivalent data structure. Many TIA! Mark x=[1,2,3,] repr(x) [1,2,3] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help needed with dictionary
lee a écrit :
hi all,
i am a newbie in python. i was trying to work with dictionaries. i
wanted to input values through command line and store the values in a
dictionary. i mean for the same key , multiple values. can any1
suggest me how can i do it.thank you
i tried this, but the old value is replaced by new one, but i want to
store al values entered by user.
kev = {}
if kev.has_key('Name'):
kev['Name'].append(person_name)
print 'name is ', kev['Name']
else:
kev['Name'] = [person_name]
print kevin's name is %s % kev['Name']
Please post the minimal *running* code exhibiting your problem. The
above snippet raises a NameError about person_name on line 3.
Anyway, looking at my crystal ball, I'd say that you're (re)binding the
variable 'kev' to a new empty dict each time.
Here's a working snippet:
import sys
kev = {}
try:
while True:
answer = raw_input(type a name :)
answer = answer.strip()
if answer:
try:
kev['name'].append(answer)
except KeyError:
kev['name'] = [answer]
print name is now : %s % .join(kev['name'])
print
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit(bye)
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Re: subclassing complex
BiDi wrote: I have been trying to subclass complex, but I am not able to get the right-hand arithmetic operators working. As shown below, if an object of my subclass 'xcomplex' is added on the right of a 'comlex' object, the type returned is 'complex', not 'xcomplex'. I've tried subclassing float and it works fine (don't even need to define __coerce__ in that case) Is this a bug, or am I missing something? A minimal example is class Complex(complex): ... def __radd__(self, other): print radd ... 1j + Complex() 1j versus class Int(int): ... def __radd__(self, other): print radd ... 1 + Int() radd I think the complex subclass should behave like the int subclass. To get an authoritative answer you should file a bug report. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
problem with execv command
Hi,
I'm facing problem with the execv command:
my command is :
os.execv(' C:\Program Files\Subversion\bin\svn ', ( 'list', ' \
http://subversion.stv.abc.com/svn/Eng \ ' ) )
The error I'm getting is :
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument
I tried using a variable for http path but still I'm getting the same error
Please help.
--
Regards,
Rajat
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Re: help needed with dictionary
On Fri, Aug 29, 2008 at 5:02 AM, lee wrote: i wanted to input values through command line and store the values in a dictionary. i mean for the same key , multiple values. http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2008-August/505509.html http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2008-August/505584.html -Miles -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
class definition syntax
hi i have seen some class definitions like class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): what does the object keyword inside the braces in MyClass() mean? Has it got any significance? thanks in advance harry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: class definition syntax
harryos wrote: hi i have seen some class definitions like class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): what does the object keyword inside the braces in MyClass() mean? Has it got any significance? It indicates a so-called new-style-class. The new style classes have been available since python2.2: http://docs.python.org/ref/node33.html Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: microsoft terminal server
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: HI, i would like to know if there is a way to create a python script for automate mstsc.exe username and pwd credential, i mean i would create a script that first open mstsc.exe and in the same time is able to fill [computer+username+pwd]. Haven't tried it, but in principle you should be able to use the win32cred package from pywin32 to store your username / password and use an .rdp file to automate the rest of the settings, including the server. TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with execv command
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi,
I'm facing problem with the execv command:
my command is :
os.execv(' C:\Program Files\Subversion\bin\svn ', ( 'list', ' \
http://subversion.stv.abc.com/svn/Eng \ ' ) )
The error I'm getting is :
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument
I tried using a variable for http path but still I'm getting the same
error
Please help.
You need to either escape the backslashes in your path using \\, or use
python raw string literals like this:
rC:\foo
or use forward-slashes, which windows accepts as well.
Diez
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Re: class definition syntax
On Fri, 29 Aug 2008 02:50:57 -0700 (PDT), harryos wrote: class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): what does the object keyword inside the braces in MyClass() mean? Has it got any significance? It's inheritance. MyClass class inherits from object class. Check out point 9.5 in the tutorial. -- Regards, Wojtek Walczak, http://tosh.pl/gminick/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyImport_ImportModule deadlocks
En Thu, 28 Aug 2008 11:22:50 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribi�: I have an embedded Python shell and everything works fine, however, in my stdout catcher (in C to grab tracebacks) for some reason when I do a : PyImport_ImportModule( sys ) It deadlocks the process, is there a need for me to acquire locks inside of my stdout catching function before calling that import? The deadlock might be due to the import lock. But instead of analyzing that issue: why do you want to import sys? The sys module is always available. To access its attributes, use PySys_GetObject Co. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Iterating two arrays at once
Hi there, just trying to figure out how to iterate over two array without computing the len of the array: A = [1,2,3] B = [4,5,6] for a,b in A,B: # does not work ! print a,b It should print: 1,4 2,5 3,6 Thanks ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating two arrays at once
Am Fri, 29 Aug 2008 03:35:51 -0700 schrieb mathieu: A = [1,2,3] B = [4,5,6] for a,b in A,B: # does not work ! print a,b It should print: 1,4 2,5 3,6 Hey, zip is your friend: for a,b in zip(A,B): print a,b does what you want. If you deal with big lists, you can use izip from itertools, which returns a generator. from itertools import izip for a,b in izip(A,B): print a,b HTH Matthias -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help needed with dictionary
hi,
thank you, ur code was helpful :)
On Aug 29, 2:18 pm, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
lee a écrit :
hi all,
i am a newbie in python. i was trying to work with dictionaries. i
wanted to input values through command line and store the values in a
dictionary. i mean for the same key , multiple values. can any1
suggest me how can i do it.thank you
i tried this, but the old value is replaced by new one, but i want to
store al values entered by user.
kev = {}
if kev.has_key('Name'):
kev['Name'].append(person_name)
print 'name is ', kev['Name']
else:
kev['Name'] = [person_name]
print kevin's name is %s % kev['Name']
Please post the minimal *running* code exhibiting your problem. The
above snippet raises a NameError about person_name on line 3.
Anyway, looking at my crystal ball, I'd say that you're (re)binding the
variable 'kev' to a new empty dict each time.
Here's a working snippet:
import sys
kev = {}
try:
while True:
answer = raw_input(type a name :)
answer = answer.strip()
if answer:
try:
kev['name'].append(answer)
except KeyError:
kev['name'] = [answer]
print name is now : %s % .join(kev['name'])
print
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit(bye)
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Re: Iterating two arrays at once
mathieu a écrit : Hi there, just trying to figure out how to iterate over two array without computing the len of the array: A = [1,2,3] B = [4,5,6] for a,b in A,B: # does not work ! print a,b It should print: 1,4 2,5 3,6 for a, b in zip(A, B): print a, b or, using itertools (which might be a good idea if your lists are a bit huge): from itertools import izip for a, b in izip(A, B): print a, b -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating two arrays at once
On Aug 29, 12:46 pm, Matthias Bläsing [EMAIL PROTECTED] aachen.de wrote: Am Fri, 29 Aug 2008 03:35:51 -0700 schrieb mathieu: A = [1,2,3] B = [4,5,6] for a,b in A,B: # does not work ! print a,b It should print: 1,4 2,5 3,6 Hey, zip is your friend: for a,b in zip(A,B): print a,b does what you want. If you deal with big lists, you can use izip from itertools, which returns a generator. from itertools import izip for a,b in izip(A,B): print a,b Thanks all ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
problem with plotting
hi,
I'm getting problem with the code below which after displaying graph
plotted in external window, doesnot closes itself, even after closing
the window of plotting the main python window shows processing.
code goes like this...
plot(col1, col2, linewidth=1.0)
xlabel('col1')
ylabel('col2')
title('Values from List created with file read')
grid(True)
savefig('col1 col2.pdf')
show()
is there any other function to be called after show() to close it
properly.
thank's for any help.
anish
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Re: class definition syntax
harryos wrote: hi i have seen some class definitions like class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): what does the object keyword inside the braces in MyClass() mean? Has it got any significance? thanks in advance harry It is a syntax used for 'new type' classes, not so new any more. If you google that phrase, you get many references. Here is a tutorial dating back to 2005. http://www.geocities.com/foetsch/python/new_style_classes.htm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: class definition syntax
harryos a écrit : hi i have seen some class definitions like class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): what does the object keyword It's not a keyword. inside the braces in MyClass() mean? Answer is here: http://docs.python.org/tut/node11.html#SECTION001150 http://docs.python.org/ref/class.html Has it got any significance? ironic Nope, why ? It just look better that way... /ironic Harry, this neswgroup is - as you may have noticed by now - very newbie friendly. But this is not a reason for not reading *at least* the FineManual's tutorial. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with plotting
On Aug 29, 6:01 am, Anish Chapagain [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
hi,
I'm getting problem with the code below which after displaying graph
plotted in external window, doesnot closes itself, even after closing
the window of plotting the main python window shows processing.
code goes like this...
plot(col1, col2, linewidth=1.0)
xlabel('col1')
ylabel('col2')
title('Values from List created with file read')
grid(True)
savefig('col1 col2.pdf')
show()
is there any other function to be called after show() to close it
properly.
thank's for any help.
anish
what library/system are you using???
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Re: Iterating two arrays at once
mathieu a écrit : (snip solution) Thanks all ! FWIW, this has been discussed here *very* recently (a couple hours ago). Look for a thread named iterating over two arrays in parallel?, and pay special attention to Terry Reedy's answer. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
translating create Semaphore to Linux
hello, in my application I am using hSem = win32event.CreateSemaphore (None, 1, 1,stringincludinginterfaceandport) rt=win32event.WaitForSingleObject (hSem, 0) if rt != win32event.WAIT_TIMEOUT: really_do_start_my_app() else: print application allready running to make sure that only ONE instance of the application is running at a time. (as it implements a local webserver, that is necessary. Two webservers listening on one port is bad) Now I am going to make this application run on Linux. How can I get similiar behaviour on Linux? I know of the .pid files that get written by some server processes ... BUT they do not get cleaned up on unclean shutdown of the application. is there some better method? Or some module which wraps the details of .pid-files quite nicely? (like trying to remove to check if other instance is still running, failing properly on missing write privs etc.) best wishes, Harald -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: translating create Semaphore to Linux
GHUM wrote: hello, in my application I am using hSem = win32event.CreateSemaphore (None, 1, 1,stringincludinginterfaceandport) rt=win32event.WaitForSingleObject (hSem, 0) if rt != win32event.WAIT_TIMEOUT: really_do_start_my_app() else: print application allready running to make sure that only ONE instance of the application is running at a time. (as it implements a local webserver, that is necessary. Two webservers listening on one port is bad) Now I am going to make this application run on Linux. How can I get similiar behaviour on Linux? I know of the .pid files that get written by some server processes ... BUT they do not get cleaned up on unclean shutdown of the application. is there some better method? Or some module which wraps the details of .pid-files quite nicely? (like trying to remove to check if other instance is still running, failing properly on missing write privs etc.) You might consider using a cooperative file locking for that. I do this as follows: #--- class LockFileCreationException(Exception): pass #--- class LockObtainException(Exception): pass #--- class LockFile(object): def __init__(self, name, fail_on_lock=False, cleanup=True): self.name = name self.cleanup = cleanup try: self.fd = os.open(name, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_APPEND) except OSError, e: if e[0] == 2: raise LockFileCreationException() self.file = os.fdopen(self.fd, w) lock_flags = fcntl.LOCK_EX if fail_on_lock: lock_flags |= fcntl.LOCK_NB try: fcntl.flock(self.file, lock_flags) except IOError, e: if e[0] == 11: raise LockObtainException() raise def __enter__(self): return self.file def __exit__(self, unused_exc_type, unused_exc_val, unused_exc_tb): self.file.close() # we are told to cleanup after ourselves, # however it might be that another process # has done so - so we don't fail in that # case. if self.cleanup: try: os.remove(self.name) except OSError, e: if not e[0] == 2: raise You can use the LockFile as context, and either block until the lock is released (which is most probably not what you want), or fail with LockObtainException. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with plotting
On Aug 29, 12:24 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Aug 29, 6:01 am, Anish Chapagain [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
hi,
I'm getting problem with the code below which after displaying graph
plotted in external window, doesnot closes itself, even after closing
the window of plotting the main python window shows processing.
code goes like this...
plot(col1, col2, linewidth=1.0)
xlabel('col1')
ylabel('col2')
title('Values from List created with file read')
grid(True)
savefig('col1 col2.pdf')
show()
is there any other function to be called after show() to close it
properly.
thank's for any help.
anish
what library/system are you using???- Hide quoted text -
- Show quoted text -
Hi..
am using pylab
and have added the
print plotting finished
after show() which get's printed in python main window but then
doesnot return to prompt and have to kill the window again.
regard's#
anish
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Beginner's question about string's join() method
Hi, Can anybody tell me why and how this is working: ','.join(str(a) for a in range(0,10)) '0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9' I find this a little weird because join takes a sequence as argument; so, it means that somehow, from the str(a) ... expression, a sequence can be generated. If I write this: (str(a) for a in range(0,10)) generator object at 0x7f62d2e4d758 it seems i'm getting a generator. Can anybody explain this to me, please? Thanks in advance. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python in a Nutshell -- Book vs Web
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Cameron Laird wrote: No. No, to an almost libelous extent. No matter what you write about, there's always a certain subcategory of potential readers who insist that collection, editing, filtering, structuring, clarification, and the author's real-life experience of the topic he's writing about has no value at all. My guess is that they don't value their own time very highly. /F Insightful. Well, I find it insightful; perhaps it's a personal blindness on my part. I expect programmers to understand, for example, that two lines of code can be a good day's production, in some circumstances, while it's civilians and managers who scorn their value on quantitative grounds. It's hard for me to conceive of an expert programmer who doesn't esteem what a high-quality book provides. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python in a Nutshell -- Book vs Web
On Aug 29, 1:44 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cameron Laird) wrote: Insightful. Well, I find it insightful; perhaps it's a personal blindness on my part. I expect programmers to understand, for example, that two lines of code can be a good day's production, in some circumstances My best days are the ones were I have a negative count of lines, i.e. I am able to remove cruft ;) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: translating create Semaphore to Linux
On 29 Ago, 13:28, GHUM [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello, in my application I am using hSem = win32event.CreateSemaphore (None, 1, 1,stringincludinginterfaceandport) rt=win32event.WaitForSingleObject (hSem, 0) if rt != win32event.WAIT_TIMEOUT: really_do_start_my_app() else: print application allready running to make sure that only ONE instance of the application is running at a time. (as it implements a local webserver, that is necessary. Two webservers listening on one port is bad) Now I am going to make this application run on Linux. How can I get similiar behaviour on Linux? I know of the .pid files that get written by some server processes ... BUT they do not get cleaned up on unclean shutdown of the application. is there some better method? Or some module which wraps the details of .pid-files quite nicely? (like trying to remove to check if other instance is still running, failing properly on missing write privs etc.) best wishes, Harald The best way I know to do it is to use fnctl.flock or fcntl.lockf functions. I never used it, so can just point you to the official documentation. The idea is that your applications should take exclusive access to one of the application files, so that if it is started a second time, the second run will find the file locked and understand that there is an instance started. AFAIK, if the process locking a files dies, the OS releases the lock, so there is no possibility of stale locks (check this!). Anyway, you could simply use your server socket as lock. It is not possible to have two processes accepting connections on the same port, the second process would receive an error 'Address already in use'. You could use it as signal that there is already an instance of the application running. This method should be available in both Windows and Linux (and various Unix flavours too), so your code would be more portable. Ciao FB -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: importing from .pyd
On Jul 14, 4:11 pm, Kay Schluehr [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 14 Jul., 06:03, moijes12 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi there is a .pyd file present in the same folder as the script abc.py by the name foo.pyd .I don't have foo.py .In the script abc.py I try import foo Error i get is ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. It looks like the module that was accessed is either corrupt ( unavailable entry point ) or it contains dependencies to other modules which are not available. At least the latter can be checked without access to the source using the DependencyWalker: http://www.dependencywalker.com/ Notice that the message clearly indicates that Python found the module but failed to load it i.e. performing a LoadLibrary() which yielded a NULL pointer. thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: translating create Semaphore to Linux
GHUM wrote: hSem = win32event.CreateSemaphore (None, 1, 1,stringincludinginterfaceandport) rt=win32event.WaitForSingleObject (hSem, 0) if rt != win32event.WAIT_TIMEOUT: really_do_start_my_app() else: print application allready running to make sure that only ONE instance of the application is running at a time. Running a serious risk of teaching my grandmother, but... ... why use a Semaphore rather than a Mutex? Or why not simply use the bound socket as its own mutex? I know Windows won't allow you to rebind the same socket to the same addr/port in two different processes (unless perhaps you play some trickery with the socket options). TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: eval() == evil? --- How to use it safely?
On Aug 28, 7:57 pm, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So long story short: if I am expecting a dictionary of strings, I should make a parser that only accepts a dictionary of strings then. There is no safe way to use an existing construct. That is what I was afraid of. I know I will have to deal with the possibility of bad data, but considering my use (an acronym legend for a database), and the fact that the site I plan to use should be secure, these issues should be minimal. The users should be able to spot any obvious false data, and restoring it should be simple. Many thanks to all of you for your alarmist remarks. I certainly don't want to, in any way, put my clients computers at risk by providing unsafe code. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: translating create Semaphore to Linux
Tim, ... why use a Semaphore rather than a Mutex? as much as I understood the documentation at MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686927(VS.85).aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686946(VS.85).aspx a mutex seems to be nothing else than a special case of a semaphore? That is, a semaphore can be created to allow MAX_SEM_COUNT concurrent runners, and MUTEX defaults to one and only one ... The other api-spells are identical, like wait_for_...; so propably I stumbled on the working Semaphore Code before, or in some ancient win32 wrapper createMutex was not documented or something in that aspect:) Or why notsimply use the bound socket as its own mutex? I know Windows won't allow you to rebind the same socket to the same addr/port in two different processes (unless perhaps you play some trickery with the socket options). My experience was that this is correct for certain values of allow and trickery. Sometimes the binding seems to get allowed but does not work. Main reason is that the socket-bind happens somewhere in medusa or someotherhttpsserverframeworkiuse; so to use it as a semaphore I would have to dig there. I am not totally sure what trickery on socket is played down there; and I prefer to stay as far away as possible from that area. Harald -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner's question about string's join() method
Macygasp wrote: Hi, Can anybody tell me why and how this is working: ','.join(str(a) for a in range(0,10)) '0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9' I find this a little weird because join takes a sequence as argument; so, it means that somehow, from the str(a) ... expression, a sequence can be generated. If I write this: (str(a) for a in range(0,10)) generator object at 0x7f62d2e4d758 it seems i'm getting a generator. Can anybody explain this to me, please? string.join takes an iterable. A generator is an iterable. Expressions of the form exp for vars in iterable are called generator expressions, and yield a generator. Thus your code works. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: translating create Semaphore to Linux
GHUM wrote: Tim, ... why use a Semaphore rather than a Mutex? as much as I understood the documentation at MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686927(VS.85).aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686946(VS.85).aspx a mutex seems to be nothing else than a special case of a semaphore? That is, a semaphore can be created to allow MAX_SEM_COUNT concurrent runners, and MUTEX defaults to one and only one ... The other api-spells are identical, like wait_for_...; so propably I stumbled on the working Semaphore Code before, or in some ancient win32 wrapper createMutex was not documented or something in that aspect:) I think it hardly matters except that someone (like me :) ) coming to your code who's familiar with the uses of mutex and semaphore elsewhere -- they're not Microsoft inventions as I'm sure you realise -- will be a little stumped by the fact that a mutex is pretty much the canonical recipe for allowing only one instance of an app, yet you're using a semaphore which can be used for slightly different purposes. I'd be wondering whether you had some more sophisticated model in mind which I was unable to fathom... Or why notsimply use the bound socket as its own mutex? I know Windows won't allow you to rebind the same socket to the same addr/port in two different processes (unless perhaps you play some trickery with the socket options). My experience was that this is correct for certain values of allow and trickery. Sometimes the binding seems to get allowed but does not work. Fair enough. TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Lining Up and PaddingTwo Similar Lists
D,T=[dict((x.split('.')[0],x) for x in X) for X in (dat,txt)]
for k in sorted(set(D).union(T)) :
for S in D,T :
print '%-8s' % S.get(k,'None'),
print
HTH
W. eWatson wrote:
Maybe there's some function like zip or map that does this. If not, it's
probably fairly easy to do with push and pop. I'm just checking to see
if there's not some known simple single function that does what I want.
Here's what I'm trying to do.
I have a list dat like (assume the items are strings even thought I'm
omitting quotes.):
[a.dat, c.dat, g.dat, k.dat, p.dat]
I have another list called txt that looks like:
[a.txt, b.txt, g.txt, k.txt r.txt, w.txt]
What I need is to pair up items with the same prefix and use None, or
some marker, to indicate the absence of the opposite item. That is, in
non-list form, I want:
a.dat a.txt
None b.txt
c.dat None
g.dat g.txt
k.dat k.txt
p.dat None
None r.txt
None w.txt
Ultimately, what I'm doing is to find the missing member of pairs.
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Re: eval() == evil? --- How to use it safely?
On Aug 29, 7:42 am, Fett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Aug 28, 7:57 pm, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So long story short: if I am expecting a dictionary of strings, I should make a parser that only accepts a dictionary of strings then. There is no safe way to use an existing construct. That is what I was afraid of. I know I will have to deal with the possibility of bad data, but considering my use (an acronym legend for a database), and the fact that the site I plan to use should be secure, these issues should be minimal. The users should be able to spot any obvious false data, and restoring it should be simple. Many thanks to all of you for your alarmist remarks. I certainly don't want to, in any way, put my clients computers at risk by providing unsafe code. On a related note, what if I encrypted and signed the data, then only ran eval() on the string after it was decrypted and the signature verified? It has occurred to me that posting this data on a site might not be the best idea unless I can be sure that it is not read by anyone that it shouldn't be. So I figure an encrypting is needed, and as long as I can sign it as well, then only people with my private signing key could pass bad data, much less harmful strings. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fastest way to write huge files
Thanks all , but there is still something i forget to state -sorry - all communication will be via Http with a server so data is received via Http so local network solutions won't work the problem really starts after receiving data in storing them without much of a CPU/Memory usage and with a good speed @James Mills : didn't understand fully what you mean and how it will improve writting effciency Thanks, Regards, Mohamed Yousef 2008/8/29 Tim Golden [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Terry Reedy wrote: Mohamed Yousef wrote: let's say , I'm moving large files through network between devices what is the fastest way to do this ? what i came up with :- Use your OS's network copy command. On unix, that was once uucp. On Windows, I drag-and-drop to/from a Network Neighborhood location, including to a printer, so I don't know whether you can use copy and if so how. For completeness' sake, on Windows you could use any of the following techniques with a UNC as the destination (and/or source): http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/copy-a-file.html TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file data to list
Emile van Sebille [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
data = zip(*[xx.split() for xx in open('data.txt').read().split(\n)])
Files are iterable:
data = zip(*[xx.rstrip().split() for xx in open('data.txt')])
saves you creating the extra intermediate list resulting from split(\n).
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Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other
-- Arthur C. Clarke
her nu becomeþ se bera eadward ofdun hlæddre heafdes bæce bump bump bump
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Re: iterating over two arrays in parallel?
I want to interate over two arrays in parallel, something like this: a=[1,2,3] b=[4,5,6] for i,j in a,b: print i,j where i,j would be 1,4,2,5, 3,6 etc. Is this possible? Many TIA! Mark list_1 = range( 1 , 4 ) list_2 = range( 4 , 7 ) list12 = zip( list_1 , list_2 ) for this in list12 : ... print ' ' , this ... (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) for i , j in list12 : ... print ' ' , i , j ... 1 4 2 5 3 6 -- Stanley C. Kitching Human Being Phoenix, Arizona -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Ensure only single application instance.
Good afternoon all. I have an application/script which is launched by crontab on a regular basis. I need an effective and accurate way to ensure that only one instance of the script is running at any one time. After a short look around the internet I found a couple of examples, such as this one (http://code.activestate.com/recipes/474070/), however they both seem to be focused on a windows based environment. Can anyone offer their advice on how best to do this on a linux based system? I have been contemplating the idea of creating a pidfile which is destroyed at the end of the script, will this suffice? is it fool proof? My only concern with this is that if the script crashes or is stopped halfway through processing for whatever reason, I'll be left with a dead pidfile on the system and no successive runs will work. I'm really interested to get your ideas guys, Thanks. Heston _ Win a voice over part with Kung Fu Panda Live Search and 100’s of Kung Fu Panda prizes to win with Live Search http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/107571439/direct/01/-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Ensure only single application instance.
SOP is to write the actual PID of the running process into the pidfile, then check to a) that the pidfile exists, and b) that the process referenced in the pidfile exists. if the pidfile exists, but the process does not, take over the pidfile and carry on. On Fri, Aug 29, 2008 at 9:51 AM, Heston James [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: Good afternoon all. I have an application/script which is launched by crontab on a regular basis. I need an effective and accurate way to ensure that only one instance of the script is running at any one time. After a short look around the internet I found a couple of examples, such as this one (http://code.activestate.com/recipes/474070/), however they both seem to be focused on a windows based environment. Can anyone offer their advice on how best to do this on a linux based system? I have been contemplating the idea of creating a pidfile which is destroyed at the end of the script, will this suffice? is it fool proof? My only concern with this is that if the script crashes or is stopped halfway through processing for whatever reason, I'll be left with a dead pidfile on the system and no successive runs will work. I'm really interested to get your ideas guys, Thanks. Heston -- Get Hotmail on your mobile from Vodafone Try it Now!http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/107571435/direct/01/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyDoc in Windows Vista
On Aug 28, 5:45 pm, Tyler Shopshire [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I can't seem to access the pydoc sever from my web browser. I start the server from the command prompt and everything seems to be working fine, then I got tohttp://localhost:/and it doesn't work. I also tried starting the graphical mode with the -g parameter but I still cannot use PyDoc. It works on my Ubuntu Partition so I do know how to use it. Any help is appreciated. My guess is that either your hosts file isn't pointing to the loopback address or you have a firewall issue. See the following website for one solution to the hosts issue: http://bytes.com/forum/thread645776.html As for the firewall, you'll have to check Windows Firewall and / or your own firewall, if you use ZoneAlarm or Norton 360 or some such. Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [1,2,3] exactly same as [1,2,3,] ?
Terry Reedy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Yes, so you can write something like either your second example or
l = [
kjasldfjs,
kjsalfj,
ksjdflasj,
]
and insert items without worrying about leaving out the comma (less of a
problem with 'horizontal' list), or delete the last line and not have to
worry about deleting the comma on the line before.
Exactly. This is one of those little pieces of syntactic sugar which makes
python so nice to work with. The alternative is (in C, for example)
abominations like this:
const char* l[] = {foo
, bar
, baz
};
and even those are not quite as good because you still have to special-case
the first entry.
--
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Re: importing from .pyd
On Jul 14, 9:11 pm, Kay Schluehr [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 14 Jul., 06:03, moijes12 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [snip] Error i get is ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. Notice that the message clearly indicates that Python found the module but failed to load it i.e. performing a LoadLibrary() which yielded a NULL pointer. The specified module could not be found clearly indicates that Python found the module??? I suggest a more descriptive and (Monty) Pythonic error message: I found a foo.pyd which looks like a DLL but it contains no 'initfoo' entrypoint therefore I throw an ImportError and a bucketful of pig slops in your general direction. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: eval() == evil? --- How to use it safely?
Fett a écrit : On Aug 28, 7:57 pm, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So long story short: if I am expecting a dictionary of strings, I should make a parser that only accepts a dictionary of strings then. or use an existing parser for an existing and documented format, as many posters (including myself) already suggested. There is no safe way to use an existing construct. Nothing coming from the outside world is safe. That is what I was afraid of. I know I will have to deal with the possibility of bad data, but considering my use (an acronym legend for a database), and the fact that the site I plan to use should be secure, these issues should be minimal. If you feel like opening the door to any script-kiddie, then please proceed. It's *your* computer, anyway... Else, use a known format with a known working parser (xml, json, yaml, csv, etc...), and possibly https if your data are to be protected. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Identifying the start of good data in a list
On 27 Aug 2008 15:50:14 GMT, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 26 Aug 2008 17:04:19 -0700, tdmj wrote: On Aug 26, 5:49 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a list that starts with zeros, has sporadic data, and then has good data. I define the point at which the data turns good to be the first index with a non-zero entry that is followed by at least 4 consecutive non-zero data items (i.e. a week's worth of non-zero data). For example, if my list is [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], I would define the point at which data turns good to be 4 (1 followed by 2, 3, 4, 5). ... With regular expressions: Good grief. If you're suggesting that as a serious proposal, and not just to prove it can be done, that's surely an example of when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail thinking. Maybe I'm stumbling into a REs are evil flamewar here. Anyway: He has a point though: this *can* be seen as a regex problem. Only a solution which builds a string first is only good for laughs or (possibly) quick hacks. What's missing is an RE library for lists of objects, rather than just strings and Unicode strings. Not sure such a library would be worth implementing -- problems like this one are rare, I think. /Jorgen -- // Jorgen Grahn grahn@Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu \X/ snipabacken.se R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [1,2,3] exactly same as [1,2,3,] ?
On 2008-08-29, Roy Smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Exactly. This is one of those little pieces of syntactic
sugar which makes python so nice to work with. The
alternative is (in C, for example) abominations like this:
const char* l[] = {foo
, bar
, baz
};
and even those are not quite as good because you still have to
special-case the first entry.
It's probably a spec violation, but I've never seen a C
compiler that objected to a comma after the last item in an
initializer list. (At least not at the warning levels I use,
which tend to be on the picky side.)
--
Grant Edwards grante Yow! There's enough money
at here to buy 5000 cans of
visi.comNoodle-Roni!
--
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Re: eval() == evil? --- How to use it safely?
On Fri, 29 Aug 2008 05:42:46 -0700, Fett wrote: On Aug 28, 7:57 pm, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So long story short: if I am expecting a dictionary of strings, I should make a parser that only accepts a dictionary of strings then. There is no safe way to use an existing construct. You may find the code here useful: http://effbot.org/zone/simple-iterator-parser.htm -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python graphics question:pixel scrolling
To learn python, I've been trying to write a simple graphics program
which displays a 1D cellular automaton's evolution. The last time I
wrote this program, it was in C for a CGA adaptor (!) in which the
display was mapped to two interlaced blocks of memory, and scrolling
up two lines of pixels was very simple and very smooth. The code
below works, and uses pygame for the graphics. But the scrolling is
quite flickery when using large windows. I'm sure that the code
contains various neophyte python errors, and I'd appreciate any
comments on that, but my main question is how I ought to have coded it
in order to have the scrolling be smooth. I did see a comment on a
pygame site saying that pygrame should not be used for side-scrollers,
to which this is similar. Is there a better way with python?
p.s. It can be run without any args and will select an interesting
rule. To change resolution to see the flickering get worse, change
HEIGHT and WIDTH.
# Simple 1D Cellular Automaton
#
# The world is a line of cells in which each cell has a state of 0 - 3
# The states change according to a rule that specifies a new state as
a function
# of the sum of a cell's state and those of its nearest neighbors
# Since the sum can be between 0 = 0+0+0 and 9 = 3+3+3, the rule can
be represented
# by an array of 10 integers, each between 0 and 3.
#
# To represent this graphically, each state will correspond to a color
on a row
# of window.
#
# The first generation is initialized to have a single 1 in the middle
of the bottom row
# When a new generation is computed, the preceding generations will be
scrolled up and the
# new generation displayed on the bottom line.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import numpy
import sys
#import pdb
WIDTH = 300 #width of screen
HEIGHT = 300 #height of screen
MIDDLE = WIDTH/2
COLORS = [ 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00FF00, 0xFF ]
COLORNUM = {}
for i in range(len(COLORS)):
COLORNUM[ COLORS[i]] = i
#pdb.set_trace()
pygame.surfarray.use_arraytype ('numpy')
def main():
# Default to an interesting rule if none is given
if len(sys.argv) 2:
rule_string = 0322301013
else:
rule_string = sys.argv[1] # assume it's there
rule = [ COLORS[int(d)] for d in rule_string ]
pygame.display.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT),DOUBLEBUF)
pixels = pygame.surfarray.pixels2d(screen)
max_width = len(pixels)-1
max_height = len(pixels[0])-1
pixels[MIDDLE,-1] = COLORS[1]
trpix = numpy.transpose( pixels )
old = trpix[-1]
while True:
new = numpy.zeros( max_width + 1)
# Note wrap-around allows us to avoid having 0 be a special
case
for i in range(0, max_width):
new[i] = rule [COLORNUM[ old[i-1] ] + COLORNUM[ old[i] ] +
COLORNUM[ old[i+1] ]]
new[max_width] = rule[COLORNUM[ old[max_width-1] ] +
COLORNUM[ old[max_width] ] + COLORNUM[ old[0] ]]
# Exit if 'q' is pressed
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == KEYDOWN:
if e.key == K_q:
exit(0)
# Scroll and update the bottom row. Note that we don't have to
assign
# pixels to be transpose(trpix).
trpix[0:-1] = trpix[1:]
trpix[-1] = new
pygame.display.update()
main()
--
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Python - ubuntu
Hy folks A friend of mine told me something about Guido and google developing an Ubuntu distribution based and totaly oriented for the Python appliction development. I googled for it with no results. Is it possible that My Buddy is trying to foole me or is it possible that someone knows something about that. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [1,2,3] exactly same as [1,2,3,] ?
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 16:28:03 -0700, Paul McNett wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
x=[1,2,3]
and
x=[1,2,3,]
are exactly the same, right?
When confronted with this type of question, I ask the interpreter:
{{{
mac:~ pmcnett$ python
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Feb 22 2008, 07:57:53) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple
Computer, Inc. build 5363)] on darwin Type help, copyright,
credits or license for more information.
[1,2,3] == [1,2,3,]
True
}}}
Putting on my pedantic hat...
In this case you're right about the two lists being the same, and I'm a
great believer in checking things in the interactive interpreter, but you
need to take care. Just because two objects compare as equal doesn't
*necessarily* mean they are the same:
1.0 == 1
True
1.0 == decimal.Decimal('1.0')
False
1.0 == float(decimal.Decimal('1.0'))
True
collections.defaultdict(999) == {}
True
--
Steven
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [1,2,3] exactly same as [1,2,3,] ?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
Grant Edwards [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On 2008-08-29, Roy Smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Exactly. This is one of those little pieces of syntactic
sugar which makes python so nice to work with. The
alternative is (in C, for example) abominations like this:
const char* l[] = {foo
, bar
, baz
};
and even those are not quite as good because you still have to
special-case the first entry.
It's probably a spec violation, but I've never seen a C
compiler that objected to a comma after the last item in an
initializer list. (At least not at the warning levels I use,
which tend to be on the picky side.)
Yowza, you're right (at least for the one case I tried). This must be a
new development (where new development is defined as, It wasn't legal in
the original KR C I learned when I was a pup).
Still, I have seem people do that in code.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[no subject]
Hi.
I'm using mechanize to parse a page/site that uses the meta http-equiv tag
in order to perform a refresh/redirect of the page. I've tried a number of
settings, and read different posts on various threads, but seem to be
missing something.
the test.html page is the page that the url returns, however, i was
expecting the test.py app to go ahead and perform the redirect/refresh
automatically.
does the page (test.html) need to be completely valid html?
Any thoughts on what's screwed up here??
thanks
test.py
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
from mechanize import Browser
import mechanize
#import tidy
import os.path
import cookielib
from libxml2dom import Node
from libxml2dom import NodeList
import subprocess
import time
#
# Parse pricegrabber.com
cj = p
COOKIEFILE = 'cookies.lwp'
#cookielib = 1
urlopen = urllib2.urlopen
#cj = urllib2.cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
Request = urllib2.Request
br = Browser()
br2 = Browser()
if cj != None:
print sss
#install the CookieJar for the default CookieProcessor
if os.path.isfile(COOKIEFILE):
cj.load(COOKIEFILE)
print foo\n
if cookielib:
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
print foo2\n
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values1 = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
'location' : 'Northampton',
'language' : 'Python' }
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
url=http://schedule.psu.edu/;
#===
if __name__ == __main__:
# main app
txdata = None
#
##br.set_cookiejar(cj)
br.set_handle_redirect(True)
br.set_handle_referer(True)
br.set_handle_robots(False)
br.set_handle_refresh(True)
br.addheaders = [('User-Agent', 'Firefox')]
#url=str(url)+str(act_main_search.cfm)+?
#url=url+Semester=FALL%202008%20%20%20
#url=url+CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20Campus
#url=url+CECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Campus
#url=url+CourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=Search=View+schedule
#url=http://schedule.psu.edu/act_main_search.cfm?Semester=FALL%202008%20%20
%20%20CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20CampusCECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Cam
pusCourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=
url=http://schedule.psu.edu/act_main_search.cfm?Semester=FALL%202008%20%20%
20%20CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20CampusCECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Camp
usCourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=CFID=543143CFTOKEN=71842529
print url =,url
br.open(url)
#cj.save(COOKIEFILE)# resave cookies
res = br.response() # this is a copy of response
s = res.read()
print slen=,len(s)
print s
=
test.html
html
head
TITLE/TITLE
/head
BODY BGCOLOR=#FF
TD NOWRAP WIDTH=45 VALIGN=topA
HREF=javascript:openAWindow('http://www.registrar.psu.edu/faculty_staff/enr
oll_services/clsrooms.html#C','Intent',625,425,1)FONT FACE=Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif SIZE=2strongTech Type/strong/FONT/A/TD
META HTTP-EQUIV=Refresh CONTENT=0;url=/soc/fall/Alloz/a-c/acctg.html#
-
sys.exit()
--
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python/mechanize - redirect/refresh question
Hi.
I'm using mechanize to parse a page/site that uses the meta http-equiv tag
in order to perform a refresh/redirect of the page. I've tried a number of
settings, and read different posts on various threads, but seem to be
missing something.
the test.html page is the page that the url returns, however, i was
expecting the test.py app to go ahead and perform the redirect/refresh
automatically.
does the page (test.html) need to be completely valid html?
Any thoughts on what's screwed up here??
thanks
test.py
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
from mechanize import Browser
import mechanize
#import tidy
import os.path
import cookielib
from libxml2dom import Node
from libxml2dom import NodeList
import subprocess
import time
#
# Parse pricegrabber.com
cj = p
COOKIEFILE = 'cookies.lwp'
#cookielib = 1
urlopen = urllib2.urlopen
#cj = urllib2.cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
Request = urllib2.Request
br = Browser()
br2 = Browser()
if cj != None:
print sss
#install the CookieJar for the default CookieProcessor
if os.path.isfile(COOKIEFILE):
cj.load(COOKIEFILE)
print foo\n
if cookielib:
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
print foo2\n
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values1 = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
'location' : 'Northampton',
'language' : 'Python' }
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
url=http://schedule.psu.edu/;
#===
if __name__ == __main__:
# main app
txdata = None
#
##br.set_cookiejar(cj)
br.set_handle_redirect(True)
br.set_handle_referer(True)
br.set_handle_robots(False)
br.set_handle_refresh(True)
br.addheaders = [('User-Agent', 'Firefox')]
#url=str(url)+str(act_main_search.cfm)+?
#url=url+Semester=FALL%202008%20%20%20
#url=url+CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20Campus
#url=url+CECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Campus
#url=url+CourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=Search=View+schedule
#url=http://schedule.psu.edu/act_main_search.cfm?Semester=FALL%202008%20%20
%20%20CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20CampusCECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Cam
pusCourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=
url=http://schedule.psu.edu/act_main_search.cfm?Semester=FALL%202008%20%20%
20%20CrseLoc=OZ%3A%3AAbington%20CampusCECrseLoc=AllOZ%3A%3AAbington%20Camp
usCourseAbbrev=ACCTGCourseNum=CrseAlpha=CFID=543143CFTOKEN=71842529
print url =,url
br.open(url)
#cj.save(COOKIEFILE)# resave cookies
res = br.response() # this is a copy of response
s = res.read()
print slen=,len(s)
print s
=
test.html
html
head
TITLE/TITLE
/head
BODY BGCOLOR=#FF
TD NOWRAP WIDTH=45 VALIGN=topA
HREF=javascript:openAWindow('http://www.registrar.psu.edu/faculty_staff/enr
oll_services/clsrooms.html#C','Intent',625,425,1)FONT FACE=Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif SIZE=2strongTech Type/strong/FONT/A/TD
META HTTP-EQUIV=Refresh CONTENT=0;url=/soc/fall/Alloz/a-c/acctg.html#
-
sys.exit()
--
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Module __file__ attribute in Python 3
On the python-dev mailing list, a question has be raised about a change to module.__file__ in Python 3. http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/dev/674923#674923 In Python 2.x, m.__file__ is the name of the file that the module was imported from. That file might end with .py, .pyc, .pyo, or even more exotic extensions if Python's import mechanism has been customized. For reasons explained here: http://bugs.python.org/issue1762972 Python 3.0 will introduce a patch that makes m.__file__ always specify the source file (.py) if it exists, and only if that file doesn't exist will it specify the actual file used (.pyc or .pyo). That will mean that there will be no (easy?) way to determine after the import whether the module was imported from a source file or a compiled file. I've suggested that the original justification for the patch no longer applies, and that the secondary purpose of the patch is better solved by leaving __file__ as it is in Python 2.x, and introducing a new attribute __source__. What do people think? There seems to be a little interest on the python- dev list from a couple of people, but not enough to actually lead to any action. Does anyone care what m.__file__ is? Does anyone else feel that this issue is worth pursuing? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python graphics question:pixel scrolling
On 29 Aug, 16:57, Raymond Luxury-Yacht [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The code below works, and uses pygame for the graphics. But the scrolling is quite flickery when using large windows. I'm sure that the code contains various neophyte python errors, and I'd appreciate any comments on that, but my main question is how I ought to have coded it in order to have the scrolling be smooth. I did see a comment on a pygame site saying that pygrame should not be used for side-scrollers, to which this is similar. Is there a better way with python? There are side-scrollers written in Python including impressive games like these: http://www.pygame.org/project/406/ http://www.pygame.org/project/381/ I see that you're using the surfarray module, which is probably what you want to do if you're accessing the screen at a pixel level (as opposed to blitting sprites). My experiences with Numeric/numpy and Pygame are limited to recolouring bitmaps, but it's certainly possible to refresh a reasonable size of surface at a decent rate on reasonably fast hardware. One important hint whose relevance I'm not sure about here is that you should attempt to avoid frequent format and bit depth conversions; for sprites and images this usually involves converting them to the same format as the display surface, but I can imagine that there may be implications for surfarrays, too. I hope this gives you some ideas, anyway. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python - ubuntu
azrael wrote: A friend of mine told me something about Guido and google developing an Ubuntu distribution based and totaly oriented for the Python appliction development. not sure about a version tuned for python, but wikipedia claims that there's a custom packaging used internally: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goobuntu maybe he's mixing that one up with this one: http://code.google.com/appengine/ /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Module __file__ attribute in Python 3
On 29 Aug 2008 15:21:53 GMT, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On the python-dev mailing list, a question has be raised about a change to module.__file__ in Python 3. http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/dev/674923#674923 In Python 2.x, m.__file__ is the name of the file that the module was imported from. That file might end with .py, .pyc, .pyo, or even more exotic extensions if Python's import mechanism has been customized. For reasons explained here: http://bugs.python.org/issue1762972 Python 3.0 will introduce a patch that makes m.__file__ always specify the source file (.py) if it exists, and only if that file doesn't exist will it specify the actual file used (.pyc or .pyo). This seems particularly pointless. If __file__ were changed to make it easier to handle by making the value have a more consistent meaning, then it might be useful. It sounds like the change is just making the failure case more obscure and less likely to be noticed during testing, though. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter tkMessageBox problem - message box is displayed with an additional window
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 3:54 PM, Guilherme Polo [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 10:29 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I'm working on Windows Platform I'm facing some problem with the tkMessageBox. My code is as below: import tkMessageBox import Tix from Tkinter import * if len(installedLibPath) != len(listOfLibraries): if tkMessageBox.askyesno(Question, \ type='yesno', icon='warning', \ message=Some of the libraries are not installed. Do you wish to continue with the remaining?): myRoot = Tix.Tk() myAppGUIObject = myAppGUI(myRoot)#Class for my GUI myRoot.mainloop() else: sys.exit(0) It is good to post a short code sample that demonstrates the problem, but it has to run by itself at least. The Message Box is called before the Tix.Tk mainloop(). The problems are as under : 1. Since the message box is displayed before the mainloop() is started, the message box is displayed with another window that is blank. This should not be displayed. 2. As a results of this messagebox (called before the mainloop) the original Gui started by mainloop doesnot work as desired. Some of the checkbuttons are displayed as unset (i.e un-ticked). These checkbuttons used to be set at initialization before I stared using this messagebox. tkMessageBox blocks till you finish it, maybe that is what is causing your problem but it is hard to tell what you are doing wrong in that myAppGui without seeing it (preferably reduced code demonstrating the problem). Now.. an attempt to solve your problem. Tk always has a root window going on, so that another window is inevitable, but you can hide and show it again when needed. You could do something like this: import tkMessageBox import Tkinter class App(object): def __init__(self, master): self.master = master print tkMessageBox is gone now root = Tkinter.Tk() root.withdraw() tkMessageBox.askyesno(Question, message=Do you use Python?, type='yesno', icon='warning', master=root) root.deiconify() app = App(root) root.mainloop() Please help. Thanks and regards, Rajat -- Regrads, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- -- Guilherme H. Polo Goncalves Thanks Guilherme, your suggestion helped solve the problem. -- Regards, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to check is something is a list or a dictionary or a string?
Hi, How to check if something is a list or a dictionary or just a string? Eg: for item in self.__libVerDict.itervalues(): self.cbAnalysisLibVersion(END, item) where __libVerDict is a dictionary that holds values as strings or lists. So now, when I iterate this dictionary I want to check whether the item is a list or just a string? Thanks, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: eval() == evil? --- How to use it safely?
On Aug 29, 8:14 pm, Fett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Aug 29, 7:42 am, Fett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Aug 28, 7:57 pm, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So long story short: if I am expecting a dictionary of strings, I should make a parser that only accepts a dictionary of strings then. There is no safe way to use an existing construct. That is what I was afraid of. I know I will have to deal with the possibility of bad data, but considering my use (an acronym legend for a database), and the fact that the site I plan to use should be secure, these issues should be minimal. The users should be able to spot any obvious false data, and restoring it should be simple. Many thanks to all of you for your alarmist remarks. I certainly don't want to, in any way, put my clients computers at risk by providing unsafe code. On a related note, what if I encrypted and signed the data, then only ran eval() on the string after it was decrypted and the signature verified? It has occurred to me that posting this data on a site might not be the best idea unless I can be sure that it is not read by anyone that it shouldn't be. So I figure an encrypting is needed, and as long as I can sign it as well, then only people with my private signing key could pass bad data, much less harmful strings. Your way of thinking is similar to Microsoft's. Encrypting and Signing is a kludge, a real fix should fix the underlying cause. Anyway using data parsers isn't that much harder than using eval/exec. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tough Guy Competition
alex23 wrote: On Aug 29, 3:45 pm, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Something to do on your weekends. [non-related link clipped] Another thing to do with your weekends would be to -not spam-. Sorry, misdirected. -- W. Watson (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Date Comparison and Manipulation Functions?
I just tried the following code, and got an unexpected result. from pyfdate import * t = Time() ts = Time(2008, 8, 29,15,20,7) tnew = ts.plus(months=6) print new date: , tnew Result: new date: 2009-02-28 15:20:07 I believe that should be April 1, 2009. If I use months = 1 and day =31, I get Sept. 30, 2008 and not Oct. 1, 2008. Is there a way to get around this? -- W. Watson (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Lining Up and PaddingTwo Similar Lists
castironpi wrote: ... I don't think that's guaranteed by anything. I realized that 'dat.sort()' and 'txt.sort()' weren't necessary, since their contents are moved to a dictionary, which isn't sorted. Actually, I'm getting the file names from listdir, and they appear to be sorted low to high. I tried it on a folder with lots of dissimilar files. both= set( datD.keys() ) set( txtD.keys() ) This will get you the keys (prefixes) that are in both. Then for every prefix if it's not in 'both', you can report it. Lastly, since you suggest you're guaranteed that 'txt' will all share the same extension, you can do away with the dictionary and use sets entirely. Only if you can depend on that assumption. Each dat file contains an image, and its description and related parameters are in the corresponding txt file. I took a look at this. It's probably more what you had in mind, and the dictionaries are overkill. ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sending e-mail
On Aug 28, 3:23 pm, gordyt [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Peter here is an example. I just tried it and it works fine. from smtplib import SMTP HOST = smtp.gmail.com PORT = 587 ACCOUNT = # put your gmail email account name here PASSWORD = # put your gmail email account password here def send_email(to_addrs, subject, msg): server = SMTP(HOST,PORT) server.set_debuglevel(1)# you don't need this server.ehlo() server.starttls() server.ehlo() server.login(ACCOUNT, PASSWORD) server.sendmail(ACCOUNT, to_addrs, From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n%s\r\n.\r\n % ( ACCOUNT, ,.join(to_addrs), subject, msg ) ) server.quit() if __name__ == __main__: send_email( ['[EMAIL PROTECTED]'], 'this is just a test', hello world! ) Thanks to everyone who's replied. gordyt, I didn't dare dream anyone would hand me fully functional source code, so thank you very much for that. Unfortunately, it doesn't work for me, likely because of some complication from my company's firewall. All things considered, going through Gmail is an unnecessary step if I can run a server on my own PC. Is there any hope of this working? Can it be done easily? Is there anything I should know about the SMTPServer object, and are there any other modules I'd need? Thanks again for all the help. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Identifying the start of good data in a list
On Aug 29, 9:43 am, Jorgen Grahn [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 27 Aug 2008 15:50:14 GMT, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 26 Aug 2008 17:04:19 -0700, tdmj wrote: On Aug 26, 5:49 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a list that starts with zeros, has sporadic data, and then has good data. I define the point at which the data turns good to be the first index with a non-zero entry that is followed by at least 4 consecutive non-zero data items (i.e. a week's worth of non-zero data). For example, if my list is [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], I would define the point at which data turns good to be 4 (1 followed by 2, 3, 4, 5). He has a point though: this *can* be seen as a regex problem. Only a solution which builds a string first is only good for laughs or (possibly) quick hacks. What's missing is an RE library for lists of objects, rather than just strings and Unicode strings. Not sure such a library would be worth implementing -- problems like this one are rare, I think. Every now and then, you see a proposal or a package for a finite state machine--- how would you encode comparing of values into a string, if you're not comparing a string? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to check is something is a list or a dictionary or a string?
On Aug 29, 9:16 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi,
How to check if something is a list or a dictionary or just a string?
Eg:
for item in self.__libVerDict.itervalues():
self.cbAnalysisLibVersion(END, item)
where __libVerDict is a dictionary that holds values as strings or
lists. So now, when I iterate this dictionary I want to check whether
the item is a list or just a string?
Thanks,
Rajat
type() and probably you want to import the types library as well.
In [1]: import types
In [2]: a = {1: {}, False: [], 'yes': False, None: 'HELLO'}
In [3]: a.values()
Out[3]: [[], {}, False, 'HELLO']
In [4]: [type(item) for item in a.itervalues()]
Out[4]: [type 'list', type 'dict', type 'bool', type 'str']
In [6]: for item in a.itervalues():
...: if type(item) is types.BooleanType:
...: print Boolean, item
...: elif type(item) is types.ListType:
...: print List, item
...: elif type(item) is types.StringType:
...: print String, item
...: else:
...: print Some other type, type(item), ':', item
...:
...:
List []
Some other type type 'dict' : {}
Boolean False
String HELLO
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python graphics question:pixel scrolling
Raymond Luxury-Yacht wrote: To learn python, I've been trying to write a simple graphics program which displays a 1D cellular automaton's evolution. The last time I wrote this program, it was in C for a CGA adaptor (!) in which the display was mapped to two interlaced blocks of memory, and scrolling up two lines of pixels was very simple and very smooth. The code below works, and uses pygame for the graphics. But the scrolling is quite flickery when using large windows. I'm sure that the code contains various neophyte python errors, and I'd appreciate any comments on that, but my main question is how I ought to have coded it in order to have the scrolling be smooth. I did see a comment on a pygame site saying that pygrame should not be used for side-scrollers, to which this is similar. Is there a better way with python? You need to to double-buffering. Just as in the old days... http://www.pygame.org/docs/tut/intro/intro.html Look for pygame.display.flip() Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with packages and path
On Aug 28, 2:28 am, Marco Bizzarri [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 6:44 PM, Daniel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I'm writing some unit tests for my python software which uses packages. Here is the basic structure: mypackage __init__.py module1 __init__.py mod1.py module2 __init__.py mod2.py unittests __init__.py alltests.py test1.py test2.py within alltests.py I would expect to be able to import mypackage.unittests.test1. In fact within PyScripter this works as expected. However, when I execute the code from the command line, I get the following error: ImportError: No module named mypackage.unittests.test1 1) What is the command you're using to run the alltest.py module? 2) what is the result of: - python -c import mypackage - python -c import mypackage.unittests Regards Marco -- Marco Bizzarrihttp://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ I have tried running both commands above from the mypackage directory and unittests directory. I get the following response universtally. C:\mypackagedir Volume in drive C is Default Directory of C:\mypackage 08/29/2008 11:04 AMDIR . 08/29/2008 11:04 AMDIR .. 08/29/2008 11:05 AMDIR module1 08/29/2008 11:05 AMDIR module2 08/29/2008 11:06 AMDIR unittests 08/29/2008 11:04 AM 0 __init__.py 1 File(s) 0 bytes 5 Dir(s) 55,402,070,016 bytes free C:\mypackagedir unittests Volume in drive C is Default Directory of C:\mypackage\unittests 08/29/2008 11:06 AMDIR . 08/29/2008 11:06 AMDIR .. 08/29/2008 11:05 AM 0 alltests.py 08/29/2008 11:05 AM 0 test1.py 08/29/2008 11:05 AM 0 test2.py 08/29/2008 11:04 AM 0 __init__.py 4 File(s) 0 bytes 2 Dir(s) 55,401,988,096 bytes free C:\mypackagepython -c import mypackage Traceback (most recent call last): File string, line 1, in module ImportError: No module named mypackage C:\mypackagepython -c import mypackage.unittests Traceback (most recent call last): File string, line 1, in module ImportError: No module named mypackage.unittests -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Module __file__ attribute in Python 3
That will mean that there will be no (easy?) way to determine after the import whether the module was imported from a source file or a compiled file. I've suggested that the original justification for the patch no longer applies, and that the secondary purpose of the patch is better solved by leaving __file__ as it is in Python 2.x, and introducing a new attribute __source__. What do people think? There seems to be a little interest on the python- dev list from a couple of people, but not enough to actually lead to any action. Does anyone care what m.__file__ is? Does anyone else feel that this issue is worth pursuing? I'm +1 on this. Introducing __source__ shouldn't break anything, and is a minor change as the mapping of loaded file to defining file is already done. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Command lime code
On Fri, 29 Aug 2008 17:20:37 +0100, London wrote: I am new to python. I did find a page which listed some code - IE chdir type code but can not find it again. Can you supply an address? http://www.google.com is a good address to use. Seriously, did you think we've hacked your computer and are spying on your web browsing? How would we know what web page you have visited? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Lining Up and PaddingTwo Similar Lists
On Aug 29, 1:29 am, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It looks like I have a few new features to learn about in Python. In particular, dictionaries. In Python it's hard to think of many non-trivial problems that you *don't* have to know about dictionaries. George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter event loop question
On Aug 29, 4:45 am, Russell E. Owen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: your Controller object should not create root nor should it call mainloop to start the event loop. guys thanks for the helpful replies..I rewrote the code as you advised. It creates a controller object and a gui object from main script.However i had to chain some method calls in my code.i am wondering if that can be avoided in some way. this is the sequence 1.user enters some value in the textfield,and clicks OKbutton 2.on OKbuttonclick ,the gui takes userinput value and quits eventloop.It then calls controller and pass the userinputvalue. 3.controller does some calculation(i shd have an external program to do calculation,but for simplicity i just wrote a method inside controller) with the given value,obtains the result and calls gui's updateDisplay(), passing the result value. 4.the gui creates the result as text on a canvas.then the mainloop() is called to resume event loop again user enters some value in the textfield,and clicks OKbutton ... I exit the application by clicking quitButton that calls destroy() on top level window. I tried my application by entering some value on text field and then clicking OKbutton ,the calculated result is displayed on canvas .I do this process say 3 times ..Then i click the Quit button and the window closes. I have put a print statement inside the gui's updateDisplay()method right after the resuming of event loop by parent.mainloop().This print statement gets printed as many times as i had clicked the OK button(here in this case 3 times).Is this due to clearing of the stack ? I feel that it was not a good design ..I would be grateful if someone would tell me how i could improve it..can those chaining of method calls be avoided? this is how i restructured the code moduleA.py --- import moduleB from Tkinter import Tk class MyController(object): def __init__(self): print controller() def validateSelection(self,userinputVal): if(userinputVal 50 or userinputVal==0): userinputVal=50 self.doSomeCalculation(userinputVal) def doSomeCalculation(self,userinputVal): resultvalue=2*userinputVal +10 self.updateResults(resultvalue) def updateResults(self,resultvalue): self.myapp.updateDisplay(resultvalue); if __name__ == __main__: controller=MyController() root = Tk() root.wm_title(MyUIApp) controller.myapp =moduleB.MyUI(root,controller) root.mainloop() moduleB.py --- from Tkinter import * class MyUI(object): def __init__(self, parent,controller): self.myParent = parent self.mainframe = Frame(parent,background=grey) self.mainframe.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=YES) self.controller=controller added a canvas and OK,QUIT buttons def okBtnClick(self): print okBtnClicked self.okButton.configure(state=DISABLED) userinputvalue = self.getUserInputValue() self.myParent.quit() #quits event loop self.controller.validateSelection(userinputvalue) def quitBtnClick(self): print Quit Btn clicked self.myParent.destroy() def updateDisplay(self,resultValue): message='result is='+str(resultValue) self.canvresult.delete(ALL) self.canvresult.create_text(1, 40, anchor=W, text=message, width=280) self.okButton.configure(state=NORMAL) self.myParent.mainloop() # resumes event loop print 'in updateDisplay():called mainloop' thanks gordon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
When to use try and except?
If I get zero division error it is obv a poor solution to do try and except since it can be solved with an if-clause. However if a program runs out of memory I should just let it crash right? Because if not then I'd have to write exceptions everywhere to prevent that right? So when would I actually use try-except? If there can be several exceptions and I just want to catch 1 or 2? Like try: blahaba except SomeError: do something -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to check is something is a list or a dictionary or a string?
On Aug 29, 12:16 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, How to check if something is a list or a dictionary or just a string? Eg: for item in self.__libVerDict.itervalues(): self.cbAnalysisLibVersion(END, item) where __libVerDict is a dictionary that holds values as strings or lists. So now, when I iterate this dictionary I want to check whether the item is a list or just a string? if isinstance(item,basestring): # it's a string ... else: # it should be a list # typically you don't have to check it explicitly; # even if it's not a list, it will raise an exception later anyway if you call a list-specific method HTH, George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Memory Leek, critique me. Thanks!!!
# I posted a few days ago about a memory leak that I think i'm having with my first Tkinter program. # I've had trouble pinpointing what is wrong so i thought i would submit the code and see if anyone would # like to critique it. # I have one more problem that i can't figure out either. There are a bunch of Entry widgets that require number values. # My problem is if someone inputs a letter or space the program will have error that makes part of the # Program nonfunctional. # Description Of The Program: I made this program to help me with common calculations that i do on a day-to-day # basis. I'm a outside sales rep and this program figures out Gross profit and price increase. Oh, and where it # said to enter COG that stands for Cost of Goods. I know it doesn't really matter but figure i would let you guys # in on the use of the program. # Thank you, # Kevin McKinley from Tkinter import * class MyApp: def __tini__(self, parent): self.myParent = parent self.myFunctionContainer = Frame(parent) self.myFunctionContainer.grid(row=0, column=0) self.COG1 = DoubleVar() self.COG2 = DoubleVar() self.COG3 = DoubleVar() self.COG4 = DoubleVar() self.GP = DoubleVar() self.increase = DoubleVar() self.markup = DoubleVar() self.gpRange(1) # This Function is for the Markup Tab for a range of GP% def gpRange(self, event): self.clearScreen() self.gpRangeTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, relief=FLAT, text=Multi-Markup) self.gpRangeTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpRange) self.gpRangeTab.grid(row=0, column=0) self.gpExactTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Single Markup) self.gpExactTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpExact) self.gpExactTab.grid(row=0, column=1) self.priceIncreaseTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Product Increase) self.priceIncreaseTab.bind(Button-1, self.priceIncrease) self.priceIncreaseTab.grid(row=0, column=2) self.gpFinderTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Calculate GP) self.gpFinderTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpFinder) self.gpFinderTab.grid(row=0, column=3) self.markup1(1) self.myContainer2 = Frame(self.myFunctionContainer, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE) self.myContainer2.grid(padx=0, pady=2, row=4, column=0, columnspan=4, sticky=W+E) self.title1 = Label(self.myFunctionContainer, font=bold, relief=GROOVE, text=Multi-Markup Calculator) self.title1.grid(padx=0, pady=2, row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, sticky=W+E) self.entry1 = Entry(self.myFunctionContainer, textvariable=self.COG1) self.entry1.select_range(0, END) self.entry1.bind(Return, self.markup1) self.entry1.focus_force() self.entry1.grid(padx=2, pady=2, row=2, column=2, columnspan=2, sticky=W) self.entryTitle = Label(self.myFunctionContainer, text=Enter COG:) self.entryTitle.grid(padx=2, pady=2, row=2, column=1, sticky=E) self.title2 = Label(self.myContainer2, text=Gross Profit %) self.title2.grid(padx=2, pady=2, row=1, column=1, sticky=W) self.title3 = Label(self.myContainer2, text= Markup Price) self.title3.grid(padx=2, pady=2, row=1, column=2, sticky=E) self.button1 = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, text=Calculate) self.button1.bind(Button-1, self.markup1) self.button1.grid(padx=2, pady=2, row=3, column=1, columnspan=2, sticky=W+E) def gpExact(self, event): self.clearScreen() self.gpRangeTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Multi-Markup) self.gpRangeTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpRange) self.gpRangeTab.grid(row=0, column=0) self.gpExactTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, relief=FLAT, text=Single Markup) self.gpExactTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpExact) self.gpExactTab.grid(row=0, column=1) self.priceIncreaseTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Product Increase) self.priceIncreaseTab.bind(Button-1, self.priceIncrease) self.priceIncreaseTab.grid(row=0, column=2) self.gpFinderTab = Button(self.myFunctionContainer, width=14, bg=dark grey, relief=SUNKEN, text=Calculate GP) self.gpFinderTab.bind(Button-1, self.gpFinder) self.gpFinderTab.grid(row=0, column=3) self.markup2(1) self.title1 = Label(self.myFunctionContainer, font=bold, relief=GROOVE, text=Single Markup Calculator) self.title1.grid(padx=0, pady=2, row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, sticky=W+E) self.entry1 = Entry(self.myFunctionContainer, textvariable=self.COG2)
Multipart - Counting the amount of Values for One key
hello, I am trying to find the amount of values there are pertaining to one key. For example: - To find the average of the values pertaining to the key. - Use the amount of values to calculate a histogram Also, how do reference a specific value for a key in a multipart? Thanks, Ron -- FYI, my email address is changing. My rogers account will be deactivated shortly. From now on please use: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When to use try and except?
On Aug 29, 11:23 am, cnb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If I get zero division error it is obv a poor solution to do try and except since it can be solved with an if-clause. However if a program runs out of memory I should just let it crash right? Because if not then I'd have to write exceptions everywhere to prevent that right? So when would I actually use try-except? If there can be several exceptions and I just want to catch 1 or 2? Like try: blahaba except SomeError: do something I'm not sure whay you're trying to do, but I think catching a ZeroDivisionError exception is a good use of try-except. I'm also not sure that I would say you just let a program crash if it runs out of memory. I would think that from the user perspective, you would want to check memory conditions and come up with an exception indicating that some memory threshold has been reached. When that exception is raised you should indicate that to the user and exit gracefully. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When to use try and except?
On Aug 29, 1:23 pm, cnb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If I get zero division error it is obv a poor solution to do try and except since it can be solved with an if-clause. However if a program runs out of memory I should just let it crash right? Because if not then I'd have to write exceptions everywhere to prevent that right? So when would I actually use try-except? Whenever you can do something *meaningful* in the except block to handle the exception (e.g. recover). Is there any meaningful action you can take when you run out of memory ? If yes (e.g. write current data to the disk and open a popup window that informs ths user), then use try/except, otherwise don't. IOW code like the following try: ... except MemoryError: print You ran out of memory! is typically useless; better let the exception propagate to the top level with a full traceback. HTH, George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter event loop question
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], gordon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Aug 29, 4:45 am, Russell E. Owen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: your Controller object should not create root nor should it call mainloop to start the event loop. guys thanks for the helpful replies..I rewrote the code as you advised. It creates a controller object and a gui object from main script.However i had to chain some method calls in my code.i am wondering if that can be avoided in some way. this is the sequence 1.user enters some value in the textfield,and clicks OKbutton 2.on OKbuttonclick ,the gui takes userinput value and quits eventloop.It then calls controller and pass the userinputvalue. 3.controller does some calculation(i shd have an external program to do calculation,but for simplicity i just wrote a method inside controller) with the given value,obtains the result and calls gui's updateDisplay(), passing the result value. 4.the gui creates the result as text on a canvas.then the mainloop() is called to resume event loop again user enters some value in the textfield,and clicks OKbutton ... I exit the application by clicking quitButton that calls destroy() on top level window. I tried my application by entering some value on text field and then clicking OKbutton ,the calculated result is displayed on canvas .I do this process say 3 times ..Then i click the Quit button and the window closes. I have put a print statement inside the gui's updateDisplay()method right after the resuming of event loop by parent.mainloop().This print statement gets printed as many times as i had clicked the OK button(here in this case 3 times).Is this due to clearing of the stack ? I feel that it was not a good design ..I would be grateful if someone would tell me how i could improve it..can those chaining of method calls be avoided? this is how i restructured the code Why do you quite the event loop? Just leave it running. On pressing the button you validate the input, perform the computation and display the result, all without leaving the event loop. If your computation is very slow then you have other issues to deal with (in particular background threads cannot safely talk to Tkinter, but you can safely compute stuff with a background thread and display it from the main thread). But cross that bridge later. -- Russell -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
