RE: Using the MSI installer on Windows: Setting PATH and Setuptools
cyt...@m.allo.ws wrote: Hello All, I really hate Windows, and I have only intermittent access to Windows machines right now. When I install Python 2.7 on Windows using the MSI installer, it definitely does not modify the PATH variable. So I modify the PATH variable myself as follows: setx PATH %PATH%;C:\Python27\ Question 1: The command above requires a reboot in order to take effect, at least on Windows 8. How do I make it take effect immediately? Maybe if I repeat the same command again with 'set' instead of 'setx'? Does 'set' affect the whole machine, or only the current CMD.EXE session? Set affects current session only. Setx provides the only command-line or programmatic way to directly and permanently set system environment values. System environment variables are manually configurable through Control Panel or through a registry editor. The set command, which is internal to the command interpreter (Cmd.exe), sets user environment variables for the current console window only. ~ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx Setx should not require a reboot, but might require user to log out and back in (or restart CMD). Also, note that it modifies local environment by default and not system environment. [snip] Question 3: Does the Windows MSI installer from Python.org include Setuptools? python-guide.org implies that it does not include Setuptools, but I have never needed to manually install Setuptools, I am always able to use easy_install right away. Is my memory warped, or perhaps tainted by old Python installs on the same machine? ActiveState's ActivePython MSI does include pip. FAQ says it also includes distribute which you could remove (I am guessing) but it will stop PyPM from working. I believe they also setup the PATH for you. I think ActivePython might be a slightly better installer for Windows users--at least that is what some people have recommended. I have not tried it myself, but it might be worth taking a look. Question 4: If the Windows MSI installer indeed lacks Setuptools, what is the best way to install it from the command line in a future-proof manner (on Windows)? I am imagining something like this: wget https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py python ez_setup.py However, (1) wget is not a Windows command. What is the Windows command? And (2) is that URL the best possible URL? Or will that URL only download an old version, and there is a better URL for new versions? The pip documentation uses the URL https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py pip documentation: https://pip.readthedocs.org/en/latest/installing.html Thank you, Zak ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Help please, why doesn't it show the next input?
William Bryant wrote:
Sent: Wednesday, September 11, 2013 2:32 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Help please, why doesn't it show the next input?
@Dave Angel
What is .lower() ?
Thanks for bottom posting and trimming, but you should
leave some content quoted for context. Otherwise
people will not what you are referring to.
You can find answers to questions like this in the API.
http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.lower
I would recommend taking time to get familiar with the
Athena interpreter. It can also answer questions like
this (but with less detail than the web API).
You can use dir() to find the attributes on any object.
help() will give you docstring for the attribute/class.
'A'.lower()
'a'
help(''.lower)
Help on built-in function lower:
lower(...)
S.lower() - string
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
help(dir)
Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:
dir(...)
dir([object]) - list of strings
If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.
Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the
attributes
of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.
If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise
the default dir() logic is used and returns:
for a module object: the module's attributes.
for a class object: its attributes, and recursively the attributes
of its bases.
for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and
recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.
dir('')
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__',
'__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem_\
_', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__',
'__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__\
', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__',
'__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclass\
hook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize',
'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expan\
dtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower',
'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lo\
wer', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust',
'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'starts\
with', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
If you want to see all the relevant information you can use help()
on the class [e.g. help(str)]. I think help(class) will not show
functions that start with _ unless they are python magic dunder
functions (e.g. __str__).
~Ramit
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RE: Language design
Mark Janssen wrote: 1) It tried to make Object the parent of every class. No one's close enough to God to make that work. 2) It didn't make dicts inherit from sets when they were added to Python. 3) It used the set literal for dict, so that there's no obvious way to do it. This didn't get changed in Py3k. 4?) It allowed [reference] variables to be used as dict keys. This creates a parsing difficulty for me, mentally. Keys should be direct, hashable values, not hidden in a variable name. What do you mean by 4? Do you mean that keys should only be hardcoded? I am going to assume you meant something different, as that sounds like a terrible idea to me... A few of the top of the head Mark This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: sax.handler.Contenthandler.__init__
Neil Cerutti wrote:
This code is from The Python Cookbook, 2nd edition, 12.2 Counting
Tags in a Document:
from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
import xml.sax
class countHandler(ContentHandler):
def __init__(self):
self.tags={}
def startElement(self, name, attr):
self.tags[name] = 1 + self.tags.get(name, 0)
Isn't overriding __init__ a risky thing to do? The docs don't
mention it as a method I should override, and also don't define
what's in there or if I'd need to call the base class __init__.
Moreover, startDocument is provided for parser setup.
As it happens, ContentHandler.__init__ isn't empty, so the above
code could fail if the parser isn't prepared for _locator to be
undefined.
Is the above code is an acceptable idiom?
--
Neil Cerutti
--
I think this is a bad idea unless you want to avoid the parent
class __init__ specifically (in which case a comment stating
why is mandatory). I do not like that this recipe shows behavior
that might be fine in this instance, but is not a good general
practice.
def __init__(self):
super(ContentHandler, self).__init__()
#OR ContentHandler.__init__(self)
self.tags={}
I personally think the super() line is better of the two options.
~Ramit
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RE: subprocess.Popen instance hangs
Tim Johnson using Python 2.7.1 on OS X 10.7.5 I'm managing a process of drush using an instance of subprocess.Popen The process has a '--verbose' option. When that option is passed as part of the initializer `args' argument, the process will hang. It should be no surprise as drush output with the --verbose option can be _extremely_ verbose, and I can do without it, but I would like to learn how to handle it. I've googled this topic, but my poor little brain is yet to sort out all of the content found. ## my relevant code follows : p = subprocess.Popen(args,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,stdout=subprocess.PIPE) ## wait() is 'forever' if '--verbose' used exit_status = p.wait() output = p.stdout.read() ## done I 'suspect' that using a tempfile may be the solution, if so, I could use some examples. thanks -- Tim tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com http://www.akwebsoft.com -- I think the documentation covers your issue. Popen.wait() Wait for child process to terminate. Set and return returncode attribute. Warning: will deadlock when using stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE and the child process generates enough output to a pipe such that it blocks waiting for the OS pipe buffer to accept more data. Use [Popen.]communicate() to avoid that. From http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen.wait Does switching to `p.communicate()` solve your problem? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: [error] [client 178.59.111.223] (2)No such file or directory: exec of
Ferrous Cranus wrote: Yes Uli, the script metrits.py is being invoked by Apache Web Server which in turn runs under user Nobody. So, that mean that? user 'nobody' has no write permission to /home/nikos folder? Yes. You should make it group writable with nobody as the group. Use chmod and chown to change permissions and owners (i.e. groups). As a last resort (for testing purposes only!) you can set the directory world writable, but then *anyone* with access to that host can write/delete/destroy the contents of that directory. This is obviously very insecure and not a good idea. But if you are only trying to get a quick error message then it might work for you. Normally I would have thought you would have a public_html or www directory in your home folder that would be readable/writable to the web server (and where you should write). ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Can a child access parent attributes if that child added post-hoc as an attribute to the parent?
Ian Kelly wrote:
On Thu, Aug 22, 2013 at 3:26 PM, Prasad, Ramit
ramit.pra...@jpmorgan.com.dmarc.invalid wrote:
Bitswapper wrote:
So I have a parent and child class:
class Map(object):
def __init__(self, name=''):
self.mapName = name
self.rules = {}
class Rule(Map):
def __init__(self, number):
Map.__init__(self)
self.number = number
This means that rules will never have a name. I think you need
def __init__(self, name='', number=None):
Map.__init__(self, name)
self.number = number
No, that's still wrong. The OP talks abut maps having names, not
rules having names. Unless a Rule is-a Map, which sounds unlikely,
Rule should not be inheriting from Map in the first place.
Good point. Composition definitely makes more sense as I was
confused by how the inheritance was supposed to work anyway. :)
~Ramit
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RE: Can a child access parent attributes if that child added post-hoc as an attribute to the parent?
Bitswapper wrote:
So I have a parent and child class:
class Map(object):
def __init__(self, name=''):
self.mapName = name
self.rules = {}
class Rule(Map):
def __init__(self, number):
Map.__init__(self)
self.number = number
This means that rules will never have a name. I think you need
def __init__(self, name='', number=None):
Map.__init__(self, name)
self.number = number
def __repr__(self):
return Map + self.mapName + rule number + str(self.number)
if __name__ == __main__:
map = Map(thismap)
rule = Rule(1)
map.rules[rule.number] = rule
with the above:
$ python -i inherit.py
map
__main__.Map object at 0xb7e889ec
map.rules
{1: Map rule number 1}
map.rules[1]
Map rule number 1
I have tried adding:
map.rules[2] = Rule(2)
but that still gets:
$ python -i inherit.py
map.rules
{1: Map rule number 1, 2: Map rule number 2}
and:
map.rule = Rule(3)
which also doesn't really get me what I'm looking for:
map.rules
{1: Map rule number 1, 2: Map rule number 2}
map.rule
Map rule number 3
It seems to me what I'm trying to do is link an arbitrary child instance to
an arbitrary instance of a
parent class, which in this case would be handy Because I'd like to populate
a map with rules and
print the rules including the parent map name for each rule. I'm just not
sure how I would go about
doing this in python.
Any thoughts are welcome, and thanks in advance
I not sure what you mean by the above. Can you provide an example of what you
want
to occur and the output for it?
~Ramit
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RE: Unpickling data with classes from dynamic modules
Fredrik Tolf wrote: Dear list, I have a system in which I load modules dynamically every now and then (that is, creating a module with types.ModuleType, compiling the code for the module and then executing it in the module with exec()), and where I would wish to be able to have classes in those modules containing classes that could pickled, and then unpickled again. The problem with that, currently, is of course two-fold: The dynamically loaded module may not be loaded at the time when the unpickling takes place, but even if it were, it isn't registered in sys.modules, so the unpickler can't find it either way. And, of course, that is detected already when pickling. Is there any way to fix this, at all? I considered trying to create subclasses of the pickler and unpickler that pickle a reference to a module loader and data for the particular module along with a class that comes from such a module, by overriding Pickler.save_global and Unpickler.load_global. Unfortunately, however, those functions aren't part of the public interface and can't be overridden when the C-pickle module is used instead (which, obviously, is what normally happens). Is there any way around this without having to modify the pickle module itself? -- Fredrik Tolf -- I believe rather than subclassing the pickler, you are expected to change the behavior from within the class via __getstate__ and __setstate__. http://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html#object.__getstate__ Although, for your use case (loading unknown classes) the section on pickle and extension types may be more appropriate. http://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html#pickling-and-unpickling-extension-types Maybe all you need to add is implementation for obj.__reduce__ ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: utcoffset v. _utcoffset
Skip Montanaro wrote: Consider this little Python script: import dateutil.parser import pytz x = dateutil.parser.parse(2013-08-16 23:00:00+01:00) localtz = pytz.timezone(America/Chicago) y = localtz.normalize(x) When I execute it (Python 2.7.2, dateutil 1.5, pytz 2011h), I get this traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File /home/skipm/tmp/localtzex.py, line 8, in module y = localtz.normalize(x) File /opt/TWWfsw/python27p/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytz/tzinfo.py, line 233, in normalize offset = dt.tzinfo._utcoffset AttributeError: 'tzoffset' object has no attribute '_utcoffset' Looking at the tzinfo attribute, I see that it has utcoffset, but not _utcoffset. I realize those are the latest, most up-to-datest versions of all three elements. I'm having trouble updating dateutil and pytz on my Mac at home (stuck on even older versions). Can someone with newer versions of dateutil and pytz see if this problem is still present? Thx, Skip -- Using Python 2.6, dateutil 1.5, pytz 2013b Snipped from the documentation of pytz via help(localtz.normalize) ''' Correct the timezone information on the given datetime If date arithmetic crosses DST boundaries, the tzinfo is not magically adjusted. This method normalizes the tzinfo to the correct one. ''' Going from +1 to +6 will not cross the DST boundary. The documentation for localtz.normalize (in pytz 2013b) has a sample of what to do if it does cross DST which seems to boil down to using datetime.astimezone() and then localtz.normalize() if your date arithmetic crosses DST. import dateutil.parser import pytz x = dateutil.parser.parse(2013-08-16 23:00:00+01:00) localtz = pytz.timezone(America/Chicago) x.astimezone( localtz ) datetime.datetime(2013, 8, 16, 17, 0, tzinfo=DstTzInfo 'America/Chicago' CDT-1 day, 19:00:00 DST) ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: refresing the edited python function
alex23
On 19/08/2013 10:55 AM, Sudheer Joseph wrote:
I have been using ipython and ipython with qtconsole and working on a
code with functions. Each time I make a modification in function
I have to quit IPTHON console (in both with and with out qt console )
and reload the function freshly. If I need to see the changed I made in
the function. I tried below options
del function name
import the module again by issuing from xxx.py import yy
This doesn't re-import the module if xxx has already been imported. It
simply rebinds xxx.yy to yy.
import xxx.py
This also doesn't re-import the module if it has already been imported.
When you import a module, or a function from a module, a module object
is created and stored in sys.modules. Any subsequent 'import module'
calls will return a reference to that module object, and won't reload
from file at all.
You can easily verify this by creating a test module 'foo' with a single
line of `print('loading foo')` and then trying this from the console:
In [1]: import foo
loading foo
In [2]: del foo
In [3]: import foo
In [4]:
Note that you only see 'loading foo' the first time you import the
module. In order to have the module loaded again rather than returning
the existing reference, you would use `reload(foo)`:
In [5]: reload(foo)
loading foo
So: in order to be able to use functions from a re-loaded module, you
should always refer to them via the module object, and not import them
directly:
import xxx
xxx.yy() # original code
# ...modify function `yy` in your source file
reload(xxx)
xxx.yy() # new code
Or: you can reload the module and then rebind the functions:
from xxx import yy
yy() # original code
# ...modify function `yy` in your source file
reload(xxx)
from xxx import yy
yy() # new code
Hope this helps.
--
In Python 3 the reload built-in was moved to the imp module.
So use imp.reload(module) instead.
~Ramit
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RE: PEP 450 Adding a statistics module to Python
CM wrote: On Friday, August 9, 2013 9:10:18 PM UTC-4, Steven D'Aprano wrote: I am seeking comments on PEP 450, Adding a statistics module to Python's standard library: I think it's a very good idea. Good PEP points, too. I hope it happens. +1 especially for non-Cpython versions of Python. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Verifying Variable value
chandan kumar wrote: Hi , Is there a way to validate variable values while debugging any python code.Run below example in debugging mode and i would like to know the value of c (I know print is an option) with any other option other than printing. In C# or some other tools we can verify each statement and values. Is there way to check each statement in python code like in c#. Ex: def method() a = 20 b =30 c = a + b Best Regards, Chanadn In addition to pdb, I would imagine most Python IDEs would support debugging in this manner. pydev: http://pydev.org/manual_adv_debugger.html Wing: http://wingware.com/wingide/debugger Pycharm: http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/webhelp/running-and-debugging.html This actually has a nice table of some IDEs for Python. See which ones have a 'Y' under the PD column. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/81584/what-ide-to-use-for-python ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Could you verify this, Oh Great Unicode Experts of the Python-List?
Michael Torrie wrote: On 08/11/2013 11:54 PM, Gregory Ewing wrote: Michael Torrie wrote: I've always wondered if the 160 character limit or whatever it is is a hard limit in their system, or if it's just a variable they could tweak if they felt like it. Isn't it for compatibility with SMS? Twitter could probably change it, but persuading all the cell phone networks to change at the same time might be rather difficult. Yes I think you're correct about it being limited for SMS. However I know of no phone or network that won't let you use longer messages; multiple SMS packets are used and most phone paste them back together. So no there's nothing that anyone needs to change to use longer messages if they so chose. It's now just an arbitrary limit, part of the twitter culture. True, but order of delivery is not guaranteed. I still sometimes get out of order text message when multiple messages are sent at once. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Python3 Multiprocessing
Devyn Collier Johnson On 08/09/2013 03:44 PM, MRAB wrote: On 09/08/2013 20:30, Devyn Collier Johnson wrote: [snip] jobs1.join() jobs2.join() Thanks MRAB! That is easy. I always (incorrectly) thought the join() command got two threads and made them one. I did not know it made the script wait for the threads. It does join two threads, just not the threads you think! It joins a child thread with the parent thread and not two children thread. Mahalo, devyncjohn...@gmail.com -- ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Newbie: static typing?
Rui Maciel wrote: Chris Angelico wrote: On Tue, Aug 6, 2013 at 10:01 AM, Rui Maciel rui.mac...@gmail.com wrote: It would be nice if some functions threw an error if they were passed a type they don't support or weren't designed to handle. That would avoid having to deal with some bugs which otherwise would never happen. To avoid this sort of error, I've been testing arguments passed to some functions based on their type, and raising TypeError when necessariy, but surely there must be a better, more pythonic way to handle this issue. def add_three_values(x,y,z): return x+y+z Do you want to test these values for compatibility? Remember, you could take a mixture of types, as most of the numeric types can safely be added. You can also add strings, or lists, but you can't mix them. And look! It already raises TypeError if it's given something unsuitable: If the type problems aren't caught right away when the invalid types are passed to a function then the problem may only manifest itself in some far away point in the code, making this bug needlessly harder to spot and fix, and making the whole ordeal needlessly too time consuming. Rui Maciel This can be true, but in personal experience does not happen often. I will say that dynamic typing ends up usually being more future proof as I can later create a similar object (but not in the same inheritance hierarchy) that will work with older functions because the functions don't look for certain types but rather just rely on duck typing. I find this especially useful when testing or mocking. I can create a test object and attach methods/attributes to the test object to duck type as I desire to test the my desired code. I think the following reads are very interesting for people new to Python from other languages (not just Java). http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html (and the flip side) http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/java-is-not-python-either.html ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: PEP8 79 char max
Grant Edwards wrote: On 2013-07-31, Neil Cerutti ne...@norwich.edu wrote: Besides, after studying The Pragmatic Programmer I removed nearly all the tables from my code and reference them (usually with csv module) instead. I don't understand. That just moves them to a different file -- doesn't it? You've still got to deal with editing a large table of data (for example when I want to add instructions to your assembler). -- Grant Edwards grant.b.edwardsYow! Spreading peanut at butter reminds me of gmail.comopera!! I wonder why? -- True, but a CSV file is easy to edit in something like a spreadsheet application (LibreOffice/MS Office); alignment becomes automatic then. Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Using system python vs. updated/current version
memilanuk wrote: Hello there, What would be considered the correct/best way to run a current release of python locally vs. the installed system version? On openSUSE 12.3, the repos currently have 2.7.3 and 3.3.0. As far as I know, I'm not really hitting any limitations with the existing versions - my skills just aren't that far along - so its not a burning 'need' but I'm still curious/interested in the topic. You should be able to install both Python 2 and 3 in most modern Linux distributions (at the same time). I would not change the system Python version. If you are not blocked from running Python 3 by some necessary dependency then you should use it. Otherwise, use the most recent Python version you can. Also... in some places in the 'Net I see references to installing everything 'locally' via pip, etc. in virtualenvs and not touching the system installed version of python... yet most linux distros seem to have many/most such packages available in their package repos, which seems like it'd be easier to install via the package manager and let it keep things updated. Could someone touch on what they feel the pros and cons would be either way? Virtual envs are great if you work on multiple projects and want to keep each project's dependencies separate and manageable. This will let you change dependencies to a newer version based on project rather than having to change the dependency for all projects. Not to mention this also allows you to install packages on hosts that you do not have access to install them to the system packages directory. On a personal machine, I would install some things like pip/virtualenv (/numpy maybe) to system packages directory but keep most packages in a project specific directory (i.e. virtualenv). Thanks, Monte This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: pcurl and network connection's problem
sam319 wrote: I am having problems with pycurl in my threads , when i run it , it does correctly but some times the connection has been established but nothing will be downloaded and the threads stay alive without doing any thing (especially when the network's speed is slow and has aborted status) . i can't use TIMEOUT because i don't have the max time for downloading how can i solve this problem in python So you want to wait hours/days/years for a failed download? You should always set a timeout that is sane. If you anticipate network slowness, then set your timeout to something larger like 2-3 minutes. IIRC, the timeout only affects connection establishment so that will not help out your use case but I want to emphasize that you always want a timeout to be set. Pycurl has an option for LOW_SPEED_LIMIT/LOW_SPEED_TIME which should allow you to set a minimum transfer speed which will abort the transfer. This should solve your problem where the connection is created but nothing is being downloaded. See: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4960021/handle-pycurl-hang-on-twitter-streaming-api Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Creating a Simple User Interface for a Function
CTSB01 wrote: On Thursday, July 25, 2013 3:19:27 PM UTC-4, Dave Angel wrote: On 07/25/2013 12:03 PM, CTSB01 wrote: I have the following code that runs perfectly: def psi_j(x, j): rtn = [] for n2 in range(0, len(x) * j - 2): n = n2 / j r = n2 - n * j rtn.append(j * x[n] + r * (x[n + 1] - x[n])) print 'n2 =', n2, ': n =', n, ' r =' , r, ' rtn =', rtn return rtn No it doesn't run perfectly. It'll get a syntax error on the print function call. That's assuming you're still using Python 3.3. You really need to start by specifying your environment, without making us look back through previous threads from you. This code takes a string x = [0,1,1,1,2] for example That's not a string. A string would be like xx = psi_j(0abcd1234) Perhaps you mean list? And is it a list of integers, or of arbitrary numbers? Are there any constraints on the sizes or signs of those numbers? (it must always begin with 0) and a parameter j, say 2, and outputs a string (x = [0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3] in this example). It does this in two steps: First it decomposes some number m into a multiple of j and a remainder. Only if you replace the / with //. Or just use the function divmod(): n, r = divmod(n2, m) Then it runs this decomposition through a function on the rtn.append line. Notice that this has cj - 1 terms where c is the number of terms in the input string and j is the parameter. Normally, we would like it to be able to calculate cj terms. This is an issue with the function that I am more than happy to put aside for the moment. My key interest is to be able to make this program So far you have a function, not a program. If you put it in a text file and run it from python, it'll do nothing but display a syntax error message. And when you fix that, it'll just run without doing anything. usable for someone who has no knowledge of programming. In particular, I need some kind of user interface that prompts the user to input a string (ideally just by putting in numbers in the form 011123334 for example) and a parameter, and then displays the output sequence. This is essentially what the program already does but the idea is to make it usable for even the most technologically disinclined. Ideally it would do this without needing to run Python at all. Then why are you asking on the Python forum? Or perhaps you mean without him knowing he's running Python? In that case, use a shebang line at the beginning, which will tell Linux to automatically invoke the specified program (or programming language in this case). If anyone is able to make this happen in Python I would be eternally grateful. If we assume you're running Python 3.3 on Linux, and the user is willing to us the terminal, then how about parsing the string from the command line he types? You can access it as011123334 a string from sys.argv, and convert it to separate numbers. Of course as it stands now, you cannot tell whether the user wanted 0,1,1,1,2,3,3,3,4 or 0, 111, 23, 3, 3, 4 or something else. DaveA Sorry Dave, to answer each part of your response: 1) I decided to use Python 2.7, and I will be sure to specify this in all future threads. 2) It is a list of positive integers. In fact, it is always going to be a list of positive increasing integers. 3) You're right. What I meant was that if after running that bit of code I enter x = [0,1,2,3,4,5] psi_j(x,2) I will get output that matches my requirements. 4) Yes, sorry that's what I meant (if I understood correctly). I was told elsewhere that I might want to try using tkinter. Essentially I'm trying to create a user interface that allows the user to just type in a string 01112345 for example, and choose a parameter (say j=2) and then click a button to run the function. I'd like to be able to run send a .exe file that the user can just open up and use with no further setup. Any UI will work whether graphical or command line. TK is a good choice if you assume that the user has Python installed. If you are planning to create an exe (Windows) then you can probably bundle any GUI library (wx/gtk/qt) but you might be limited by the support of the exe creating tool. I have never created an executable like this, so I am not sure. So on top of the user interface I would also it looks like need to determine how to make Python change a string 01112345 into a list so that it does that automatically when the user clicks 'run'. This really does not make sense to me. Does that mean 0, 1, 11, 23, 45 or 0, 111, 2345 or 0,11, 2345 or something else entirely? If you are doing this on the shell I would have the
RE: Python Script Hashplings
Devyn Collier Johnson wrote: Thanks Matthew Lefavor! But specifically, why use #!/usr/bin/env python3 instead of #!/usr/bin/python3? Mahalo, DCJ I believe this will work on Windows for Python 3.3+ and also with virtualenv. https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv Virtualenv is highly recommended as it lets you create isolated Python environments on a per project basis. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: dump a multi dimensional dictionary
cerr wrote:
Hi,
Can I somehow use pickle.dump() to store a dictionary of lists to a file?
I tried this:
import pickle
mylist = []
mydict = {}
mylist = '1','2'
mydict['3'] = mylist
fhg = open (test, 'w')
pickle.dump(fhg,mydict)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File /usr/lib/python2.7/pickle.py, line 1370, in dump
Pickler(file, protocol).dump(obj)
File /usr/lib/python2.7/pickle.py, line 203, in __init__
self.write = file.write
AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'write'
print mydict
{'3': ('1', '2')}
or should I just write my own dump function that can hanle thiS?
Please advise!
Thanks,
Ron
I think you have the parameters for dump backwards.
According to API http://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html#pickle.dump
the format is: pickle.dump(obj, file, protocol=None)
Which means you need to use: pickle.dump(mydict, fhg)
Ramit
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RE: Python 3: dict dict.keys()
Terry Reedy wrote: On 7/24/2013 4:34 PM, Prasad, Ramit wrote: I am still not clear on the advantage of views vs. iterators. A1: Views are iterables that can be iterated more than once. Therefore, they can be passed to a function that re-iterates its inputs, or to multiple functions. They support 'x in view' as efficiently as possible. Think about how you would write the non-view equivalent of '(0,None) in somedict.views())'. When set-like, views support some set operations. For .keys, which are always set-like, these operations are easy to implement as dicts are based on a hashed array of keys. Hmm, that is a change that makes some sense to me. Does the view get updated when dictionary changes or is a new view needed? I assume the latter. Q2: What is the advantage of views vs. lists? A2: They do not take up space that is not needed. They can be converted to lists, to get all the features of lists, but not vice versa. What makes d.viewkeys() better than d.iterkeys()? Why did they decide not to rename d.iterkeys() to d.keys() and instead use d.viewkeys()? This is historically the wrong way to phrase the question. The 2.7 .viewxyz methods were *not* used to make the 3.x .xyz methods. It was the other way around. 3.0 came out with view methods replacing both list and iter methods just after 2.6, after a couple of years of design, and a year and a half before 2.7. The view methods were backported from 3.1 to 2.7, with 'view' added to the name to avoid name conflicts, to make it easier to write code that would either run on both 2.7 and 3.x or be converted with 2to3. A better question is: 'When 3.0 was designed, why were views invented for the .xyz methods rather than just renaming the .iterxyz methods. The advantages given above are the answer. View methods replace both list and iterator methods and are more flexible than either and directly or indirectly have all the advantages of both. My question is why some people are fussing so much because Python developers gave them one thing that is better than either of the two things it replaces? I personally am not fussing as existing functionality was preserved (and improved). I just was not clear on the difference. Thanks for all the detail and context. The mis-phrased question above illustrates why people new to Python should use the latest 3.x and ignore 2.x unless they must use 2.x libraries. 2.7 has all the old stuff, for back compatibility, and as much of the new stuff in 3.1 as seemed sensible, for forward compatibility. Thus it has lots of confusing duplication, and in this case, triplication I work with 2.6 so no choice there... :) -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: RE Module Performance
Chris Angelico wrote:
On Fri, Jul 26, 2013 at 5:07 AM, wxjmfa...@gmail.com wrote:
Let start with a simple string \textemdash or \texttendash
sys.getsizeof('-')
40
sys.getsizeof('a')
26
Most of the cost is in those two apostrophes, look:
sys.getsizeof('a')
26
sys.getsizeof(a)
8
Okay, that's slightly unfair (bonus points: figure out what I did to
make this work; there are at least two right answers) but still, look
at what an empty string costs:
I like bonus points. :)
a = None
sys.getsizeof(a)
8
Not sure what the other right answer is...booleans take 12 bytes (on 2.6)
sys.getsizeof('')
25
Or look at the difference between one of these characters and two:
sys.getsizeof('aa')-sys.getsizeof('a')
1
sys.getsizeof('--')-sys.getsizeof('-')
2
That's what the characters really cost. The overhead is fixed. It is,
in fact, almost completely insignificant. The storage requirement for
a non-ASCII, BMP-only string converges to two bytes per character.
ChrisA
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Ramit
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RE: Python 3: dict dict.keys()
Stefan Behnel wrote: Ethan Furman, 24.07.2013 20:31: On 07/24/2013 10:23 AM, Stefan Behnel wrote: Peter Otten, 24.07.2013 08:23: Ethan Furman wrote: So, my question boils down to: in Python 3 how is dict.keys() different from dict? What are the use cases? To me it looks like views are a solution waiting for a problem. They reduce the API overhead. Previously, you needed values() and itervalues(), with values() being not more than a special case of what itervalues() provides anyway. Now it's just one method that gives you everything. It simply has corrected the tradeoff from two special purpose APIs to one general purpose API, that's all. I started this thread for two reasons: 1) Increase awareness that using `list(dict)` is a cross-version replacement for `dict.keys()` 2) Hopefully learn something about when a view is useful. So far #2 is pretty much a failure. I think the question is: how else would you implement an interface that doesn't restrict itself to returning a list? I mean, previously, the following was totally inefficient in terms of memory: value in d.values() It now avoids creating an intermediate list copy of the values, thus running with no additional memory overhead (well, a constant, ok, but definitely not linear) and keeps users from resorting to the much more unfriendly for v in d.itervalues(): if v == value: return True else: return False in order to achieve the same thing. You can now even efficiently do this for items, i.e. (key, value) in d.items() That's equivalent to d[key] == value, but uses a different protocol, meaning that you don't have to make a copy of the dict items in order to pass it into something that works on a set or iterable of 2-tuples (which is a way more generic interface than requiring a dict as input). These things chain much more cleanly now, without first having to explain the difference between items() and iteritems() and when to use which. It's all about replacing the old copy-to-list interface by something that is efficiently processable step by step. All of this started back when iterators became a part of the language, then generators, and now dict views. They may not be the hugest feature ever, but they definitely fit into the language much better and much more cleanly than the old copy-to-list way. Ask yourself, if they had been there in Python 1.x, would you even have thought about making the iter*() methods a part of the language? Would you really have wanted a shorter way to create a list of dict values than list(d.values())? Stefan I am still not clear on the advantage of views vs. iterators. What makes d.viewkeys() better than d.iterkeys()? Why did they decide not to rename d.iterkeys() to d.keys() and instead use d.viewkeys()? Is the iteration over a set operation on keys really that common a use case? Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: im.py: a python communications tool
Mark Janssen wrote: It doesn't have to say so, if it's not charging any money -- there's no expectation that you're getting anything at all! Of course there is. If Oprah Winfrey stands up and publicly says that she's giving you a car, FOR FREE, no strings attached, and then gives you a piece of old bubblegum, you have standing to sue for breach of promise. If she gives you the car, but puts it down as a *prize* rather than a gift, then there is a big, hefty string attached: income tax. But you see, there's the critical difference. First of all you're making two errors in your comparison. Firstly, a *person* is saying that she's going to *do something for you*. She's making a promise. If I put a piece of software online -- you're taking it! That's #1 (!) Theoretically isn't putting a piece of software online akin to publishing it? Following that logic, then there is the possibility of arguing an implicit promise that the software does what it is supposed to. Any bugs would be the responsibility of the developer. On a separate note, even if the judgment supports your view and the developer is never responsible for damages, will you still not be responsible for any court/lawyer fees? And getting those fees paid by suitor will likely be another court case. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: newbie question about confusing exception handling in urllib
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
try:
main()
except Exception as err:
log(err)
print(Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred.)
print(Please contact support for assistance.)
sys.exit(-1)
I like the traceback[0] module for logging last exception thrown.
See traceback.format_exc() or traceback.print_exc().
trace = traceback.format_exc()
log.error('I was trying to do action, but unexpected
error.\n{0}'.format(trace))
[0] http://docs.python.org/2/library/traceback.html
~Ramit
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RE: extract HTML table in a structured format
Jabba Laci Hi, I wonder if there is a nice way to extract a whole HTML table and have the result in a nice structured format. What I want is to have the lifetime table at the bottom of this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases (then figure out with a script until when my Ubuntu release is supported). I could do it with BeautifulSoup or lxml but is there a better way? There should be :) I know you already answered your question, but thought this might be helpful in the future. Wikipedia has an API for programmatic access. http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: im.py: a python communications tool
Neil Cerutti wrote: On 2013-04-12, Mark Janssen dreamingforw...@gmail.com wrote: Possibily, but don't accept this view of the legal system. Judges can be quite reasonable. They don't want more time taken for bullshit cases and would much prefer for things to be settled (that is what their duty is -- to settle matters, not to make lawyers wealthy). Wishful thinking is the wrong way to approach any legal matter. He is not completely wishful (for USA). http://www.macrumors.com/2013/04/11/u-s-judge-expresses-frustration-at-apples-and-googles-use-of-litigation-as-business-strategy/ Of course, not sure if the frustration will actually lead to an action or is just idle talk. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: amazing scope?
andrea crotti
I wrote a script, refactored it and then introducing a bug as below:
def record_things():
out.write(Hello world)
if __name__ == '__main__':
with open('output', 'w') as out:
record_things()
but the shocking thing is that it didn't actually stopped working, it
still works perfectly!
What my explanation might be is that the out is declared at module
level somehow,
but that's not really intuitive and looks wrong, and works both on
Python 2.7 and 3.2..
Makes sense to me. `out` is declared in an if statement. If statements
have no scope and it is not in a function so it gets added to the
module's namespace.
~Ramit
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RE: pyHook and time libraries
Doron wrote: Hey, I'm tring to create a software that records the keyboard/mouse and sends email of the log every predetermined period. I've manage to make the recorder and the auto-email sender, but I still can't make both of them work simultaneously. Can someone help me with this please? I thought about threading but again... It just sends blank mails without the logs. Thanks alot ahead! I am not sure how to even begin helping you. I do not even know what is wrong other than can't make both of them work simultaneously. What version of Python and OS? Are you using any 3rd party modules? What is the code you use? What happens and what do you expect? How are you getting the logs for email? Are they being passed in or are you using a log file? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: please help me to debud my local chat network program
Minh Dang wrote: can anyone help me? Chris Angelico has given you some good comments which should give you a direction to investigate. This list is a global list and you seem a tad impatient. It is normal to hear back from a few hours to a day or two. Even if I wanted to help, without context in this email I might not know what you need help with. I could probably look it up in an archive of the list, but it is unlikely I will. Help yourself by keeping relevant text in the email and respond inline (or below) the quoted text. That being said, did Chris's suggestion work? If not what happened? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: re.search when used within an if/else fails
Ramit Prasad wrote: Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: Unless there has been a major change in the parser... (I still don't have Python 3.x installed) I believe tab is expanded to 8-spaces -- NOT TO NEXT MULTIPLE OF 8... A tab is *one* character. Your *editor* may show tabs visually expanded or convert them to spaces. This is entirely editor dependent. My current (python) editor, does expands tabs to the next *multiple* of 4. It helps keep code aligned, and I have no need for 4 hard spaced tabs without regards to alignment (yet). I have had editors that did 4 hard spaced tabs, so it might be a developer/application preference. with open(r'c:\ramit\mix_tab_space.txt')as f: ... d = f.read() ... print repr(d) '\tblah\ntest\n\t' print d[0] + 'goo' goo print repr(d[0] + 'goo') '\tgoo' Apologies, I missed that it was talking about the parser and not editor/file. Please disregard my previous post. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Imaging libraries in active development?
Christian Heimes wrote: Am 28.11.2012 19:14, schrieb Michael Torrie: I'm curious. What features do you need that pil doesn't have? Other than updating pil to fix bugs, support new image types or new versions of Python, what kind of active development do you think it needs to have? Maybe pil has all the features the original author wanted and is pretty stable. To judge a package on how fast it's changing seems a bit odd to me. Obviously you want to know that bugs can get fixed of course. Perhaps none have been reported recently. PIL is missing a bunch of features like proper TIFF support (no multipage, g3/g4 compression and more), JPEG 2000, RAW and HDR image formats, tone mapping, proper ICC support, PEP 3128 buffer support ... PIL is also rather slow. My smc.freeimage library can write JPEGs about six times faster, because it uses libjpeg-turbo. Only some Linux distributions have replaced libjpeg with the turbo implementation. Have you tried libtiff? I believe the author may read this list. (He posted here for at least one release). http://code.google.com/p/pylibtiff/ Hope that helps, Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: re.search when used within an if/else fails
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: Unless there has been a major change in the parser... (I still don't have Python 3.x installed) I believe tab is expanded to 8-spaces -- NOT TO NEXT MULTIPLE OF 8... A tab is *one* character. Your *editor* may show tabs visually expanded or convert them to spaces. This is entirely editor dependent. My current (python) editor, does expands tabs to the next *multiple* of 4. It helps keep code aligned, and I have no need for 4 hard spaced tabs without regards to alignment (yet). I have had editors that did 4 hard spaced tabs, so it might be a developer/application preference. with open(r'c:\ramit\mix_tab_space.txt')as f: ... d = f.read() ... print repr(d) '\tblah\ntest\n\t' print d[0] + 'goo' goo print repr(d[0] + 'goo') '\tgoo' So the first is 8+4 = 12 spaces, the second is 2+8+4 = 14 spaces. Does 2 + tab + 2 vs 4 + tab vs tab + 4 succeed? That would confirm the treatment. The main concern with mixed tab and spaces, as I recall, was due to having /editors/ and /terminals/ configured to show tab as a four space (or anything other than an eight space) increment; so visually four spaces and one tab might look the same... One user might have the editor showing 4-space indents on tab but entering text using 4 spaces on input -- which now is mis-aligned if the source file HAD tab in it. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Compare list entry from csv files
Anatoli Hristov wrote:
Hello,
Tried to document a little bit the script, but I'm not that good in that too
:)
The only problem I have is that I cant compare other field than the
first one in
for ex_phone in phones:
telstr = ex_phone[0].lower()
When I use telstr = ex_phone[0].lower() it says out of range and the
strange think is that the range is 6 I can't figure that out. So when
I edit the csv I modify the look of the file and then I start the
script and it works, but I wanted to use more than one condition and I
can't :(
Can you print ex_phone first. You are opening the files in text mode
so I wonder if the line endings are causing you to read and extra
line in between. Can you try reading the csv as rb instead of
rt?
import csv
# Open the file with the names and addresses
origf = open('c:/Working/vpharma.csv', 'rt')
# Open the file with the phone numbers
secfile = open('c:/Working/navori.csv', 'rt')
# Creates the empty list with the names
namelist = []
# Creates the empty list with the phone numbers
PHONELIST = []
# Reads the file with the names
# Format Name,Phone
names = csv.reader(origf, delimiter=';')
# Reads the file with the phone numbers
# Format First name,Lastname,Address,City,Country,Phone
phones = csv.reader(secfile, delimiter=';')
# Creates a list with phone numbers
#for tel in phones:
#PHONELIST.append(tel)
def finder(Compare_Name,rows):
'''
Compare the names from the namelist with the names from the phonelist.
If the name match - then the phone number is added to the specified field
'''
for ex_phone in phones:
telstr = ex_phone[0].lower()
print telstr
if telstr.find(Compare_Name) = 0:
print \nName found: %s % Compare_Name
namelist[rows][-1] = ex_phone[-1].lower()
else:
print Not found %s % Compare_Name
pass
return
def name_find():
rows = 0
for row in names:
namelist.append(row)
Compare_Name = row[1].lower()
finder(Compare_Name,rows)
rows = rows+1
if __name__ == '__main__':
name_find()
# Writes the list to a file
wfile = open('c:/Working/ttest.csv', wb)
writer = csv.writer(wfile, delimiter=';')
for insert in namelist:
writer.writerow(insert)
wfile.close()
~Ramit
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RE: os.popen and the subprocess module
Andrew wrote: Hello world, I'm working on a script that will run an executable obtaine the output from the executable and do some analysis on the output. Essentially the script runs the executable analyses the data. I'm looking into os.popen and the subprocess module, implementing os.popen is easy but i hear it is depreciating however I'm finding the implemantation of subprocess daunting can anyone help Have you read the documentation? http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#replacing-older-functions-with-the-subprocess-module (specifically 17.1.4.5) This may help as well. http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/subprocess/#capturing-output Note, use of shell=True is usually discouraged as it can be unsafe. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: How to sort list of String without considering Special characters and with case insensitive
san wrote: Please let me know how to sort the list of String in either ascending / descending order without considering special characters and case. ex: list1=['test1_two','testOne','testTwo','test_one'] Applying the list.sort /sorted method results in sorted list ['test1_two', 'testOne', 'testTwo', 'test_one'] but the without considering the special characters and case it should be ['testOne','test_one', 'test1_two','testTwo'] OR ['test_one','testOne','testTwo', 'test1_two' ] list.sort /sorted method sorts based on the ascii value of the characters but Please let me knwo how do i achieve my expected one You can pass a key function into list.sort() and sorted(). This allows you to customize the sorting. In the below examples I use lambda but you can use a non-lambda function (if you need more complexity). Case insensitive searches are often done by converting the strings being compared into the same case. Here I turned them all uppercase. lst = ['test1_two', 'testOne', 'testTwo', 'test_one'] lst.sort(key=lambda x: x.upper()) This will filter non-alphanumeric characters. You may be able to create and use a translation table instead. lst.sort( key=lambda x: ''.join( c.upper() for c in x if c in string.letters+string.digits ) ) ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Getting a seeded value from a list
Chris Angelico wrote: On Sat, Nov 24, 2012 at 3:27 AM, Prasad, Ramit ramit.pra...@jpmorgan.com wrote: Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Wed, 21 Nov 2012 14:41:24 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote: However, this still means that the player will see the exact same level regenerated every time, absolutely fresh. As previously stated in this thread, that's not usually a good thing for encounters, treasure, etc. Once some nasty critter has been killed, he should STAY killed! :) Why? That isn't true in real life, why should it be true for games? It is not true in all games. I have seen games where treasures regenerate in the same location except for key items. Same goes for enemies (where only bosses do not regenerate). It really just depends on the type of game you are playing--designing in this case. Perhaps they regenerate, but do they regenerate from the exact same random seed? For instance, in Murkon's Refuge, the maps are handcrafted and thus constant every time you enter a particular level - but go downstairs and upstairs, and the monsters and treasure regenerate, different from last time. Of course, if the idea is that you're rewinding time, then it makes good sense for you to see the exact same pattern of enemies. Hmm. I guess most of the games where I remember regenerating enemies are a bit older. Chrono Trigger had enemies that would regenerate if you left a map screen and came back, but then again it seems more likely that the enemies were hard coded and not generated at all. Either that or they [games] are like Diablo/Castlevania where monsters are constantly generated. I still hold the opinion that the seeding behavior depends on the game. I wonder what Nethack does? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Getting a seeded value from a list
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Wed, 21 Nov 2012 14:41:24 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote: However, this still means that the player will see the exact same level regenerated every time, absolutely fresh. As previously stated in this thread, that's not usually a good thing for encounters, treasure, etc. Once some nasty critter has been killed, he should STAY killed! :) Why? That isn't true in real life, why should it be true for games? It is not true in all games. I have seen games where treasures regenerate in the same location except for key items. Same goes for enemies (where only bosses do not regenerate). It really just depends on the type of game you are playing--designing in this case. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Problem with subprocess.call and windows schtasks
Dave Angel wrote: On 11/20/2012 06:41 PM, Tom Borkin wrote: (Please don't top-post. Now we lose all the context) Using shlex, I now have this: #!\Python27\python import os, subprocess path = os.path.join(C:\\, Program Files, Apache Group, Apache2, htdocs, ccc, run_alert.py) #subprocess.call(['SchTasks', '/Create', '/SC', 'ONCE', '/TN', 'test', '/TR', path, '/ST', '23:50']) subprocess.call(['SchTasks', '/Create', '/SC', 'ONCE', '/TN', 'test', '/TR', 'run_alert.py', '/ST', '23:50']) Both of the above commands throw the same error: ERROR: The filename, directory name or volume label syntax is incorrect. I don't use Windows, but doesn't a Windows program usually have an .exe extension? So why would you expect it to find SchTasks ? Adding extensions is a shell feature, and you're not using the shell. Also, you should take a look at the value path. On Linux, it shows up as: C:\\/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs/ccc/run_alert.py It'll be different under Windows, but probably still wrong. Windows 7 + Python 2.6 os.path.join(C:\\, Program Files, Apache Group, Apache2, ... htdocs, ccc, run_alert.py) 'C:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache2\\htdocs\\ccc\\run_alert.py' ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Index Error
Can you please post in plain text and stop top-posting? Thanks.
inshu chauhan wrote:
def distance(c, p):
dist = sqrt(
((c[0]-p[0])**2) +
((c[1]-p[1])**2) +
((c[2]-p[2])**2)
)
return dist
def GenerateRing(x,y, N): Generates square rings around a point in data which
has 300 columns(x) and 3000
rows(y)
indices = []
for i in xrange(-N, N):
indices.append((x+i, y-N))
indices.append((x+N, y+i))
indices.append((x-i, y+N))
indices.append((x-N, y-i))
return indices
No, this creates a one dimensional list with 2N elements of where each element
is a two item tuple.
def ComputeClasses(data):
radius = .5
points = []
for cy in xrange(0, data.height):
for cx in xrange(0, data.width):
if data[cy,cx] == (0.0,0.0,0.0):
continue
else :
centre = data[cy, cx]
points.append(centre)
change = True
while change:
for ring_number in xrange(1, 100):
change = False
new_indices = GenerateRing(cx, cy, ring_number)
print new_indices
for idx in new_indices:
I need help in this part as I am
unable to device a method in which if the points are out of index,it should
stop and
if idx[0] = 300 and idx[1] = 3000: go to
next centre and start generating
rings from there.. and again if the index is out of range .. this should
repeat
continue
else :
point = data[idx[0], idx[1]]
You can use a few different methods. This is just one example.
for idx, temp_point in enumerate(new_indices):
try:
temp_point[0]
temp_point[1]
except Exception: #Should be IndexError I think.
print 'idx: {0}\ntemp_point:{1}'.format(idx, temp_point)
# Possibly add a break or exit so you do not have to
# keep going once you hit a failure.
point = data[temp_point[0], temp_point[1]]
What is `data`? I have not seen any built-in structure that takes
a tuple in this manner...unless it is a dictionary. Or from numpy.
Given my lack of knowledge of what `data`, it could be the
problem is there. That is one reason I accessed `temp_point[0]` and
`temp_point[1]` separately.
if point == (0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ):
print point
continue
else:
dist = distance(centre, point)
print dist
if dist radius : and rings
should be added only when this
condition is satisfied
print point
points.append(point)
change = True
print change
break
print points
ERROR now :
data loaded
[(296, 403), (298, 403), (298, 405), (296, 405), (297, 403), (298, 404),
(297, 405), (296, 404)] ... I am
printing Indices to know what index it dies out..
Traceback (most recent call last):
File Z:/modules/Classify.py, line 73, in module
ComputeClasses(data)
File Z:/modules/Classify.py, line 49, in ComputeClasses
point = data[idx[0], idx[1]]
error: index is out of range
Is that the actual error? If so, then the problem is not `idx` or
`temp_point` but instead `data`. If it is not the exact error, please
copy and paste the error message *exactly* as given.
[1][2]
IndexError: list index out of range
(1,2)[3]
IndexError: tuple index out of range
~Ramit
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RE: Problem with list.remove() method
Alvaro Combo wrote: Hi All, I'm relatively new to Python... but I have found something I cannot explain... and I'm sure you can help me. I have the following function that serves for removing the duplicates from a list... It's a simple and (almost) trivial task. I'm using WingIDE as editor/debugger and have Python 2.7.3. When running this I have an error when trying to remove cpy_lst[4]... and ONLY THAT!!! Even in interactive mode!!! Any suggestion is MOST welcome. Best Regards ACombo ...And the code: def remove_dup_5_10(): Remove the duplicates of a given list. The original list MUST be kept. # Set the original list lst = ['a', 1, 10.0, 2, 'd', 'b', 'b', 'b', 1, 2, 'b' ] # NEED to create a copy... See dicussion on Problem 5.6 and issue #2 cpy_lst = list(lst) # Perform an infinite loop... explained later i=0 # initialize the index while i != len(cpy_lst): if cpy_lst.count(cpy_lst[i]) != 1: cpy_lst.remove(i) else: i += 1 print The original List: , lst print List with NO duplicates: , cpy_lst return True -- Remove looks for the *value* not the *index* of the value. help([].remove) Help on built-in function remove: remove(...) L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. Change ` cpy_lst.remove(i)` to `cpy_lst.remove(cpy_lst[i])`. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: 10 sec poll - please reply!
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Tue, 20 Nov 2012 07:18:42 -0800, Michael Herrmann wrote: Thanks again for your further replies. So far, it's 4 votes for 'send_keys' and 1 vote for 'type'. Regarding 'send_keys': To me personally it makes sense to send keys _to_ something. However, in our API, send_keys would not be called on an object or with a parameter indicating the target. It would just be send_keys(ENTER) send_keys(Hello World!) send_keys(CTRL + 'a') send_keys is wrong, because you aren't sending keys. You're sending strings, except you aren't actually sending strings either, because send does not make sense without a target. You're automating the typing of strings, including control characters. simulate_keypress simulate_key(s)_down send_kb_press fake_typing send_char(s) I believe that your initial instinct for the name of this function was correct. It automates typing, so you should call it type or (for those paranoid about shadowing the built-in, type_str. I can too easily see somebody doing from module import * OR from module import type. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Choosing Source Address to Bind Socket to in IMAP Client
brint...@controlledthinking.com wrote: Hello: I have a multihomed machine that I would like to run the Python imaplib's IMAP4 client on. I would like to be able to specify which interface the underlying socket will bind to as its source address. How could I best do this? One assumes by programming. Thanks for any help... You are quite welcome. :) On a less flippant note, maybe some links would help you get started. http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/imaplib/ http://yuji.wordpress.com/2011/06/22/python-imaplib-imap-example-with-gmail/ http://docs.python.org/2/library/imaplib.html ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Choosing Source Address to Bind Socket to in IMAP Client
brint...@controlledthinking.com wrote: I have a multihomed machine that I would like to run the Python imaplib's IMAP4 client on. I would like to be able to specify which interface the underlying socket will bind to as its source address. How could I best do this? [snip] While I appreciate your attempt at humor, this is not information which helps me. Perhaps you are not familiar with the basics of socket programming. This is all fine and dandy, and it is good to know what you don't know. If you're interested, look at the third argument to create_connection: http://docs.python.org/2/library/socket.html Apologies, I misread your question. According to the imaplib docs, you can subclass IMAP4 and override `IMAP4.open` to create the socket and bind it to the desired interface. You could also connect using IMAP4 and then close/reopen the socket inside the IMAP4 connection object. I hope that is more help, Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Choosing Source Address to Bind Socket to in IMAP Client
brint...@controlledthinking.com wrote: On Tuesday, November 20, 2012 2:41:58 PM UTC-8, Prasad, Ramit wrote: brintoul at controlledthinking.com wrote: Apologies, I misread your question. According to the imaplib docs, you can subclass IMAP4 and override `IMAP4.open` to create the socket and bind it to the desired interface. You could also connect using IMAP4 and then close/reopen the socket inside the IMAP4 connection object. I hope that is more help, Ramit Thanks, yes, that helps! Just out of curiosity, can you give me a quick link to the docs you are looking at? I'm not seeing anything which gets very specific in the docs for Python 2.7 at docs.python.org ... It is not very specific or helpful but here is the text in question. ''' IMAP4.open(host, port) Opens socket to port at host. This method is implicitly called by the IMAP4 constructor. The connection objects established by this method will be used in the read, readline, send, and shutdown methods. You may override this method. ''' http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4.open ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: xml data or other?
Artie Ziff wrote:
On 11/9/12 5:50 AM, rusi wrote:
On Nov 9, 5:54 pm, Artie Ziff artie.z...@gmail.com wrote:
# submit correctedinput to etree
I was very grateful to get the leg up on getting started down that
right path with my coding. Many thanks to you, rusi. I took your
excellent advices and have this working.
class Converter():
PREFIX = ?xml version=1.0?
data
POSTFIX = /data
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.writeXML()
def writeXML(self):
pattern = re.compile('testname=(.*)')
replaceStr = r'testname name=\1'
xmlData = re.sub(pattern, replaceStr, self.data)
self.dataXML = self.PREFIX + xmlData.replace(\\, /) +
self.POSTFIX
### main
# input to script is directory:
# sanitize trailing slash
testPkgDir = sys.argv[1].rstrip('/')
# Within each test package directory is doc/testcase
tcDocDir = doc/testcases
# set input dir, containing broken files
tcTxtDir = os.path.join(testPkgDir, tcDocDir)
# set output dir, to write proper XML files
tcXmlDir = os.path.join(testPkgDir, tcDocDir + _XML)
if not os.path.exists(tcXmlDir):
os.makedirs(tcXmlDir)
# iterate through files in input dir
for filename in os.listdir(tcTxtDir):
# set filepaths
filepathTXT = os.path.join(tcTxtDir, filename)
base = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
fileXML = base + .xml
filepathXML = os.path.join(tcXmlDir, fileXML)
# read broken file, convert to proper XML
with open(filepathTXT) as f:
c = Converter(f.read())
xmlFO = open(filepathXML, 'w') # xmlFileObject
xmlFO.write(c.dataXML)
xmlFO.close()
###
Writing XML files so to see whats happening. My plan is to
keep xml data in memory and parse with xml.etree.ElementTree.
Unfortunately, xml parsing fails due to angle brackets inside
description tags. In particular, xml.etree.ElementTree.parse()
aborts on '' inside xml data such as the following:
testname name=cron_test.sh
description
This testcase tests if crontab filename installs the cronjob
and cron schedules the job correctly.
\description
##
What is right way to handle the extra angle brackets?
Substitute on line-by-line basis, if that works?
Or learn to write a simple stack-style parser, or
recursive descent, it may be called?
I think your description text should be in a CDATA section.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDATA#CDATA_sections_in_XML
~Ramit
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RE: Python Interview Questions
Roy Smith wrote:
OK, I've just read back over the whole thread. I'm really struggling to
understand what point you're trying to make. I started out by saying:
Use a list when you need an ordered collection which is mutable (i.e.
can be altered after being created). Use a tuple when you need an
immutable list (such as for a dictionary key).
To which you obviously objected. So now you write:
I think a tuple is an immutable sequence of items, and a list is a
mutable sequence of items.
So how is that different from what I said? Is this whole argument
boiling down to your use of immutable sequence vs. my use of
immutable list?
'''
Roy:
Use a list when you need an ordered collection which is mutable (i.e.
can be altered after being created). Use a tuple when you need an
immutable list (such as for a dictionary key).
Steven:
I keep hearing about this last one, but I wonder... who *actually* does
this? I've created many, many lists over the years -- lists of names,
lists of phone numbers, lists of directory search paths, all sorts of
things. I've never needed to use one as a dictionary key.
'''
To me this is more of a question than an argument. Now moving
on to your specific example.
'''
def extract_stack(lines):
in traceback_helper module
header = lines[0]
stack = []
for line in lines:
m = frame_pattern.match(line)
if not m:
continue
frame = (m.group('path'), m.group('function'))
stack.append(frame)
# [Convert to tuple and return after finished building stack.]
return (header, stack)
[...]
def main(args):
crashes = {}
[...]
for line in open(log_file):
if does_not_look_like_a_stack_dump(line):
continue
lines = traceback_helper.unfold(line)
header, stack = traceback_helper.extract_stack(lines)
signature = tuple(stack)
if signature in crashes:
count, header = crashes[signature]
crashes[signature] = (count + 1, header)
else:
crashes[signature] = (1, header)
'''
Seems to me that Steven is suggesting that stack (after being built)
should converted to a tuple before being returned, because a stack
for any unique exception should be unique and immutable. You do this
anyway; you just do it before putting it into a dictionary rather
than before returning it.
Same net effect (as long as you do not modify `stack` later), so no
real argument.
~Ramit
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RE: Writing game-state data...
Graham Fielding wrote:
Hey, folks, me again!
I've been puzzling over this for a while now:
I'm trying to write data to a file to save the state of my game using the
following function:
def save_game():
#open a new empty shelve (possibly overwriting an old one) to write the
game data
file_object = open('savegame.sav', 'wb')
file['map'] = map
file['objects'] = objects
file['player_index'] = objects.index(player) #index of player in objects
list
file['inventory'] = inventory
file['game_msgs'] = game_msgs
file['game_state'] = game_state
file['stairs_index'] = objects.index(stairs)
file['dungeon_level'] = dungeon_level
file.close()
However, while 'savegame.sav' is created in the directory I specify, the
function dies on file['map'] = map.
This is the end of the stack trace:
File C:\Python Project\Roguelike.py, line 966, in save_game
file['map'] = map
TypeError: 'type' object does not support item assignment
`file` is the built-in for file objects. I would say you need
to use file_object[] instead, but it is a file object
and is not meant for this usage. You can write directly
to a file but it is easier to use sqllite or shelve/pickle
libraries. I will use shelve in my example since your code
is already doing something similar. Do not forget to
import shelve in your own code.
def save():
shelf = shelve.open('savegame.sav', protocol=2)
# Change pickle protocol if you use Python 2.3
shelf['map'] = map
shelf['objects'] = objects
shelf['player_index'] = objects.index(player)
shelf['inventory'] = inventory
shelf['game_msgs'] = game_msgs
shelf['game_state'] = game_state
shelf['stairs_index'] = objects.index(stairs)
shelf['dungeon_level'] = dungeon_level
shelf.close()
Now, the map is randomly generated -- could that be an issue?
Both file and map are built-in keywords and using those
names for you own variables is called shadowing a built-in.
Shadowing a built-in can be interesting and useful but should
be avoided. Also, it seems like save() is not in a class nor
having anything passed in; are all the game states variables
stored at the module level or something?
Should I just scrap the current system and use pickle?
You are almost there, so I would not bother. Normally I would
use pickle over shelve; I have not needed any of the advantages
of shelve and why use a library on top of pickle when I only
need pickle? Of course, YMMV.
~Ramit
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RE: duck typing assert
Andriy Kornatskyy wrote: Thank you for all comments. It makes very good sense to say: duckmatch(IFoo).compare(Foo) Since we do duck match of IFoo... but there is no `duck match`, there is `duck test`. I believe instead of `compare` is more readable with `equals`. Than it is more from mathematics - precise answer... that you can not guarantee at all in dynamic programming language. So it false to use such wording to reflect this check. We can only make an assumption that one looks like the other (similar)... with some limitation of cause... understanding what is `duck test`. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_test The intent is to make such language `construct` so it reads as English sentence that make sense, and not mandatory `pythonic` way (readability counts, java smokes aside). is_similar(Foo).to(IFoo) # = but we lost `duck test` sense here? Words `looks` and `like` are coming from duck test and point also direction: # 1 looks(Foo).like(IFoo, notice=['__len__'], ignore_funcs=['foo'], ignore_argspec['bar']) English sentence equivalent: if functions in Foo looks like one in IFoo than, probably, IFoo can be replaced with Foo; notice to check __len__, it is safe to ignore function `foo` and arguments passed to `bar`. # 2 looks(Foo, notice=['__len__'], ignore_funcs=['foo'], ignore_argspec['bar']).like(IFoo) English sentence equivalent: while looking at Foo notice to check `__len__`, it is safe to ignore function `foo` and arguments passed to `bar`, than probably it like IFoo. What about? duck(Foo).equivalent_to(IFoo, kwargs) duck(Foo).matches(IFoo, kwargs) This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Python3.3 str() bug?
Chris Angelico wrote: What you really should be doing is not transforming the whole structure, but explicitly transforming each part inside it. I recommend you stop fighting the language and start thinking about your data as either *bytes* or *characters* and using the appropriate data types (bytes or str) everywhere. You'll then find that it makes perfect sense to explicitly translate (en/decode) from one to another, but it doesn't make sense to encode a list in UTF-8 or decode a dictionary from Latin-1. [snip] You may be able to do some kind of recursive cast that, in one sweep of your data structure, encodes all str objects into bytes using a given encoding (or the reverse thereof). But I don't think this is the best way to do things. I would think the best way is to convert as you load the data. That way everything is in the correct format as you manipulate and generate new data. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Multi-dimensional list initialization
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: On Fri, 9 Nov 2012 17:07:09 +1100, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com declaimed the following in gmane.comp.python.general: On Fri, Nov 9, 2012 at 12:39 PM, Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.uk wrote: On 07/11/2012 01:55, Steven D'Aprano wrote: Who knows? Who cares? Nobody does: n -= n But I've seen this scattered through code: x := x - x - x Can you enlighten us as to how this is better than either: x := -x or x := 0 - x Of course, if one has a language that, for some reason, evaluates right-to-left (APL, anyone), then x := x - x - x becomes x := x - 0 Is that not the same as x:=-x? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: problem with module PyVisa
Jean Dubois wrote: On 9 nov, 17:40, Rodrick Brown rodrick.br...@gmail.com wrote: It seems pretty obvious from the error. Try installing the missing lib packages. OSError: /usr/local/vxipnp/linux/bin/libvisa.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Sent from my iPhone On Nov 9, 2012, at 11:22 AM, Jean Dubois jeandubois...@gmail.com wrote: OSError: /usr/local/vxipnp/linux/bin/libvisa.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory The error may be obvious but finding this file and how to install it is not unfortunately. It seems I have to install it from the National Instruments site but Debian Linux doesn't seem to be supported... and I doubt whether just copying this file will be sufficient to make PyVisa work. I wonder whether there might be another way to communicate via USB with a Keithley programmable power supply using Python. Here are some reference links that might help. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8140248/linux-implementation-of-visa-api https://decibel.ni.com/content/message/37590 Hope that helps, Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: How to print python commands automatically?
Peng Yu wrote: Is this what you want? http://docs.python.org/2/library/trace.html I'm not able to get the mixing of the python command screen output on stdout. Is there a combination of options for this purpose? ~/linux/test/python/man/library/trace$ cat main1.py #!/usr/bin/env python def f(): print Hello World! f() ~/linux/test/python/man/library/trace$ cat main.sh #!/usr/bin/env bash python -m trace --count -C . main1.py -t ~/linux/test/python/man/library/trace$ ./main.sh Hello World! ~/linux/test/python/man/library/trace$ cat main1.cover #!/usr/bin/env python 1: def f(): 1: print Hello World! 1: f() Try with just --trace? C:\ramitpython.exe -m trace test.py C:\ramit\Python27\lib\trace.py: must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, --listfuncs, or --trackcalls C:\ramitpython -m trace --trace test.py --- modulename: test, funcname: module test.py(2): def f(): test.py(5): f() --- modulename: test, funcname: f test.py(3): print Hello World! Hello World! --- modulename: trace, funcname: _unsettrace trace.py(80): sys.settrace(None) ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Printing characters outside of the ASCII range
danielk wrote:
The database I'm using stores information as a 3-dimensional array. The
delimiters between elements are
chr(252), chr(253) and chr(254). So a record can look like this (example only
uses one of the delimiters for
simplicity):
name + chr(254) + address + chr(254) + city + chr(254) + st + chr(254) + zip
The other delimiters can be embedded within each field. For example, if there
were multiple addresses for 'name'
then the 'address' field would look like this:
addr1 + chr(253) + addr2 + chr(253) + addr3 + etc ...
I use Python to connect to the database using subprocess.Popen to run a
server process. Python requests
'actions' like 'read' and 'write' to the server process, whereby the server
process performs the actions. Some
actions require that the server send back information in the form of records
that contain those delimiters.
I have __str__ and __repr__ methods in the classes but Python is choking on
those characters. Surely, I could
convert those characters on the server before sending them to Python and that
is what I'm probably going to do,
so guess I've answered my own question. On Python 2, it just printed the
'extended' ASCII representation.
I guess the question I have is: How do you tell Python to use a specific
encoding for 'print' statements when I
know there will be characters outside of the ASCII range of 0-127?
You just need to change the string to one that is not
trying to use the ASCII codec when printing.
print(chr(253).decode('latin1')) # change latin1 to your
# chosen encoding.
ý
~Ramit
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RE: Right solution to unicode error?
wxjmfa...@gmail.com wrote:
Le jeudi 8 novembre 2012 19:49:24 UTC+1, Ian a écrit :
On Thu, Nov 8, 2012 at 11:32 AM, Oscar Benjamin
oscar.j.benja...@gmail.com wrote:
If I want the other characters to work I need to change the code page:
O:\chcp 65001
Active code page: 65001
O:\Q:\tools\Python33\python -c import sys;
sys.stdout.buffer.write('\u03b1\n'.encode('utf-8'))
α
O:\Q:\tools\Python33\python -c import sys;
sys.stdout.buffer.write('\u03b1\n'.encode(sys.stdout.en
coding))
α
I find that I also need to change the font. With the default font,
printing '\u2013' gives me:
–
The only alternative font option I have in Windows XP is Lucida
Console, which at least works correctly, although it seems to be
lacking a lot of glyphs.
Font has nothing to do here.
You are simply wrongly encoding your unicode.
Why would font not matter? Unicode is the abstract definition
of all characters right? From that we map the abstract
character to a code page/set, which gives real values for an
abstract character. From that code page we then visually display
the real value based on the font. If that font does
not have a glyph for a specific character page (or a different
glyph) then that is a problem and not related encoding.
Unicode-code page-font
'\u2013'
'–'
'\u2013'.encode('utf-8')
b'\xe2\x80\x93'
'\u2013'.encode('utf-8').decode('cp1252')
'–'
This is a mismatched translation between code pages; not
font related but is instead one abstraction level up.
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RE: Multi-dimensional list initialization
Gregory Ewing wrote: Roy Smith wrote: Call by social network? The called function likes the object. Depending on how it feels, it can also comment on some of the object's attributes. And then finds that it has inadvertently shared all its private data with other functions accessing the object. And this is where Dihedral (or whatever the bot is called) tells you that Python has no private variables. :) ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Right solution to unicode error?
Anders wrote: I've run into a Unicode error, and despite doing some googling, I can't figure out the right way to fix it. I have a Python 2.6 script that reads my Outlook 2010 task list. I'm able to read the tasks from Outlook and store them as a list of objects without a hitch. But when I try to print the tasks' subjects, one of the tasks is generating an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File outlook_tasks.py, line 66, in module my_tasks.dump_today_tasks() File C:\Users\Anders\code\Task List\tasks.py, line 29, in dump_today_tasks print task.subject UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2013' in position 42: ordinal not in range(128) (where task.subject was previously assigned the value of task.Subject, aka the Subject property of an Outlook 2010 TaskItem) From what I understand from reading online, the error is telling me that the subject line contains an en dash and that Python is trying to convert to ascii and failing (as it should). Here's where I'm getting stuck. In the code above I was just printing the subject so I can see whether the script is working properly. Ultimately what I want to do is parse the tasks I'm interested in and then create an HTML file containing those tasks. Given that, what's the best way to fix this problem? BTW, if there's a clear description of the best solution for this particular problem - i.e., where I want to ultimately display the results as HTML - please feel free to refer me to the link. I tried reading a number of docs on the web but still feel pretty lost. You can always encode in a non-ASCII codec. `print task.subject.encode(encoding)` where encoding is something that supports the characters you want e.g. latin1. The list of built in codecs can be found: http://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Obnoxious postings from Google Groups
Grant Edwards wrote: On 2012-11-05, Roy Smith r...@panix.com wrote: In article mailman.3269.1352097585.27098.python-l...@python.org, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: It's nothing to do with operating system. File names are names, and spaces in them are seldom worth the hassle unless you manipulate those files solely using a GUI. That's a very ascii-esqe attitude. In a fully unicode world, I could easily see using U+00A0 (NO-BREAK SPACE) in file names, and still have space-delimited CLI work just fine. No, it wouldn't work just fine. You'd never know when looking at names whether it was a regular space or a no-break space, and names would be visually ambiguous. Visually ambiguous names are horrible. Not to mention that in the GUI I (usually) want the space to be a break space. But, yeah, in the world we live in today, I try to avoid spaces in filenames. But, instead of turning My File Name into MyFileName, I'll usually do it as My-File-Name or My_File_Name. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Obnoxious postings from Google Groups
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Mon, 05 Nov 2012 14:47:47 -0500, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: [snip] Nevertheless, I do tend to prefer underscores to spaces, simply because I often use naive tools that treat spaces as separators. That is, command line shells. I visually prefer spaces but it is easier to work with underscores. Thankfully there are plenty of command line utilities for pattern renaming that let me shift to and from spaces as necessary. For what it's worth, you can enter any control character in Unix/Linux systems with readline in bash using the C-q key combination. Newline needs a bit of special treatment: you need to wrap the name in single quotes to stop the newline from being interpreted as the end of the command. [steve@ando temp]$ touch 'foo bar' To enter the newline, I typed Ctrl-Q to tell bash to treat the next character as a literal, and then typed Ctrl-J to get a newline. That sounds complicated, my version of bash lets me type 'fooenterbar'enter for the same effect. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Multi-dimensional list initialization
Ian Kelly wrote: On Tue, Nov 6, 2012 at 1:21 AM, Andrew Robinson [snip] See if you can find *any* python program where people desired the multiplication to have the die effect that changing an object in one of the sub lists -- changes all the objects in the other sub lists. I'm sure you're not going to find it -- and even if you do, it's going to be 1 program in 1000's. Per the last thread where we discussed extremely rare scenarios, shouldn't you be rounding 1 in 1000s up to 20%? ;-) Actually, I would be surprised if it was even 1 in 1000. Of course, consistency makes it easier to learn and *remember*. I value that far more than a minor quirk that is unlikely to bother me now that I know of it. Well, at least not as long as I do not forget my morning coffee/tea :) ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Logging output to be redirected to a particular folder
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: On Tue, 06 Nov 2012 13:26:11 +0100, Peter Otten __pete...@web.de declaimed the following in gmane.comp.python.general: anuradha.raghupathy2...@gmail.com wrote: [snip] def main(): logging.basicConfig(Filename='c://myapp.log', level=logging.ERROR) Python is case-sensitive. Try: logging.basicConfig(filename='c://myapp.log', level=logging.ERROR) The double forward slashes might also be confusing... At the least, unneeded... import os.path print os.path.normpath(c://somefile.log) c:\somefile.log print os.path.normpath(c:\\somefile.log) c:\somefile.log print os.path.normpath(c:\\tryfile.log) c:\tryfile.log print os.path.normpath(c:\tryfile.log) c:ryfile.log print os.path.normpath(c:/tryfile.log) c:\tryfile.log Doubling back-slashes is needed to avoid the problem of literal escapes corrupting the intent... Or use the raw literal form rc:\tryfile.log. I know several people that prefer to use forward slashes as it works in both Windows and *nix. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: who can give me some practical tutorials on django 1.4 or 1.5?
Levi Nie wrote: Who can give me some practical tutorials on django 1.4 or 1.5? Thank you. Maybe this will help: http://gettingstartedwithdjango.com/resources/ ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Obnoxious postings from Google Groups
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Tue, 06 Nov 2012 17:16:44 +, Prasad, Ramit wrote: To enter the newline, I typed Ctrl-Q to tell bash to treat the next character as a literal, and then typed Ctrl-J to get a newline. That sounds complicated, my version of bash lets me type 'fooenterbar'enter for the same effect. Well, I learned something new about bash. On the other hand, the Ctrl-Q next-char-is-literal trick works for entering control characters that otherwise don't have a key on the keyboard. Would you mind elaborating on how this works? I know it's not a bash list, but I do not understand how ctrl-J is considered a literal. Obviously, I must have a different definition of literal. Where can I find a list of other literals? My Google-fu is being weak today. :( ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Multi-dimensional list initialization
Andrew Robinson wrote:
On 11/06/2012 01:04 AM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Mon, 05 Nov 2012 21:51:24 -0800, Andrew Robinson wrote:
[snip]
Q: What about other mutable objects like sets or dicts?
A: No, the elements are never copied.
They aren't list multiplication compatible in any event! It's a total
nonsense objection.
If these are inconsistent in my idea -- OBVIOUSLY -- they are
inconsistent in Python's present implementation. You can't even
reference duplicate them NOW.
{ 1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c' } * 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'dict' and 'int'
z = [ {'a':1} ]*10
z[0]['b'] = 4
z
[{'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4},{'a': 1, 'b': 4},
{'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4},
{'a': 1, 'b': 4}, {'a': 1, 'b': 4}]
Should that copy the dictionary? According to logical reasoning
it should copy the dictionary as well. How do you draw the line of
what should be copied and what should not?
Q: How about on Tuesdays? I bet they're copied on Tuesdays.
A: No, the elements are never copied.
That's really a stupid objection, and everyone knows it.
Agreed. [snip]
Q: How about if I use delegation to proxy a list?
A: Oh no, they definitely won't be copied.
Give an example usage of why someone would want to do this. Then we can
discuss it.
IIRC, someone wanted to do something very similar for dictionaries to
prevent editing of global variables.
Q: What about other mutable objects like sets or dicts?
A: No, definitely not. Unless people complain enough.
now you're just repeating yourself to make your contrived list longer --
but there's no new objections...
This is my main objection and one of the flaws of your argument.
You want to handle one type of mutable objects completely separately
than other mutable objects. Why is list any different than dictionary
in this respect? The only reason I can imagine is because lists
end up being used for 2d (or higher) matrices.
Losing consistency in favour of saving a few characters for something as
uncommon as list multiplication is a poor tradeoff. That's why this
proposal has been rejected again and again and again every time it has
been suggested.
Please link to the objection being proposed to the developers, and their
reasoning for rejecting it.
I think you are exaggerating.
I reject (as a developer) it because it forces me to remember a very
specific quirk versus a simple (logical) rule that applies to all objects. Not
to mention that the quirk is not even that useful except for beginners.
List multiplication [x]*n is conceptually equivalent to:
snip
This is nice and simple and efficient.
No it isn't efficient. It's *slow* when done as in your example.
Copying other objects is slow and inefficient. Keeping list
multiplication consistent, and fast, is MUCH more important than making
it work as expected for the rare case of 2D arrays:
I don't think so -- again, look at range(); it was made to work
inconsistent for a common case.
Besides, 2D arrays are *not* rare and people *have* to copy internals of
them very often.
The copy speed will be the same or *faster*, and the typing less -- and
the psychological mistakes *less*, the elegance more.
It's hardly going to confuse anyone to say that lists are copied with
list multiplication, but the elements are not.
Every time someone passes a list to a function, they *know* that the
list is passed by value -- and the elements are passed by reference.
People in Python are USED to lists being the way to weird behavior
that other languages don't do.
I think you just lost 90% of your credibility (with me). When did lists
get passed by value? Python uses call by sharing[0].
Terminology aside, lists are handled exactly the same way as all
other objects; the rules regarding their mutability in the callee
are the same as dictionaries, sets, or any mutable type (including
non-builtins).
Copying those elements does not come for free.
It is true that list multiplication can be much faster than a list comp.
But that's because the list multiply doesn't have to inspect the
elements, copy them, or engage the iteration machinery. Avoiding copying
gives you a big saving:
[steve@ando ~]$ python3.3 -m timeit -s x = range(1000)
[x for _ in range(100)] # not copied
10 loops, best of 3: 11.9 usec per loop
[steve@ando utilities]$ python3.3 -m timeit -s x = range(1000)
[x[:] for _ in range(100)] # copied
1 loops, best of 3: 103 usec per loop
So there's a factor of ten difference right there. If list multiplication
had to make copies, it would lose much of its speed advantage.
And when multiplication doesn't make copies of *lists*, it's going
nowhere fast, because people don't want the results that gives.
So what difference
RE: How to only get a list of the names of the non-directory files in current directory ('.')?
iMath wrote: how to get a list of names of everything in the current directory ? http://lmgtfy.com/?q=python+get+files+in+directory ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: date and time comparison how to
Gary Herron wrote: On 10/29/2012 04:13 PM, noydb wrote: All, I need help with a date and time comparison. Say a user enters a date-n-time and a file on disk. I want to compare the date and time of the file to the entered date-n-time; if the file is newer than the entered date-n-time, add the file to a list to process. How best to do? I have looked at the datetime module, tried a few things, no luck. Is os.stat a part of it? Tried, not sure of the output, the st_mtime/st_ctime doesnt jive with the file's correct date and time. ?? Any help would be appreciated! Use the datetime module (distributed with Python) to compare date/times. You can turn a filesystem time into a datetime with something like the following: import datetime, os, stat mtime = os.lstat(filename)[stat.ST_MTIME] // the files modification time dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime) You could also write that as: datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp( os.path.getmtime( path ) ) Ramit P This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: how to change os.popen4 to subprocess
Replying to skyworld because I could not find the original message from MRAB. skyworld wrote: On Oct 27, 11:02 am, MRAB pyt...@mrabarnett.plus.com wrote: On 2012-10-27 03:28, skyworld wrote: Hi, I'm new to python and I'm trying to porting some scripts from v0.96 to v2.0.1. A piece of code is like this: cmd_h = os.popen4(env['SYSCMDLINE'])[1] the system indicates the popen4 is deprecated and suggest to use subprocess. Can anybody tell me how to use subprocess in this case? and what does [1] here means? os.popen4 returns a tuple of (child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr). The [1] gets the child_stdout_and_stderr member. Using the subprocess module: # Untested! cmd_h = subprocess.Popen(env['SYSCMDLINE'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True).stdout Explanation: The command line: env['SYSCMDLINE'] Return stdout: stdout=subprocess.PIPE stderr should be combined with stdout: stderr=subprocess.STDOUT Let the shell parse the command line: shell=True thanks -- I thought the usage of shell=True is usually discouraged? The subprocess documentation[0] should be helpful to figure it out. Warning: Invoking the system shell with shell=True can be a security hazard if combined with untrusted input. See the warning under Frequently Used Arguments for details. [0] http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: better way for ' '.join(args) + '\n'?
Thomas Rachel wrote:
Am 26.10.2012 09:49 schrieb Ulrich Eckhardt:
Hi!
General advise when assembling strings is to not concatenate them
repeatedly but instead use string's join() function, because it avoids
repeated reallocations and is at least as expressive as any alternative.
What I have now is a case where I'm assembling lines of text for driving
a program with a commandline interface.
Stop.
In this case, you think too complicated.
Just do
subprocess.Popen(['prog', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
- is the most safest thing for this use case.
If it should not be possible for any reason, you should be aware of any
traps you could catch - e.g., if you want to feed your string to a
Bourne shell, you should escape the strings properly.
In such cases, I use
def shellquote(*strs):
rInput: file names, output: ''-enclosed strings where every ' is
replaced with '\''. Intended for usage with the shell.
# just take over everything except ';
# replace ' with '\''
# The shell sees ''' as ''\'''\'''\'''. Ugly, but works.
return .join([
'+st.replace(','\\'')+'
for st in strs
])
so I can use
shellquote('program name', 'argument 1', '$arg 2',
even args containing a ' are ok)
For Windows, you'll have to modify this somehow.
The subprocess module suggests using pipes.quote for escaping.
a
('program name', 'argument 1', '$arg 2', even args containing a ' are ok)
import pipes
map(pipes.quote, a)
['program name', '\'argument 1\'', '$arg 2', '\'even args containing a
\'\'\' are ok\'']
' '.join(a)
'\'program name\' \'argument 1\' \'$arg 2\' \'even args containing a \'\\\'\'
are ok\''
Ramit Prasad
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RE: Appending a list using list obtained from a class
Demian Brecht wrote: On 2012-10-24, at 8:00 AM, inshu chauhan insidesh...@gmail.com wrote: Yes, a Class method returns a list. I am trying to append this in main() to make another list. But the list i am getting after appending i showing addresses like this '__main__.Point object at 0x0254FAB0' but if i print the same in the same loop its showing me numbers which i want. Why I dont know ?? If you can, please post the relevant blocks of code. That'll be a tremendous help in figuring out your problem. I would like to re-iterate that posting the relevant code is very helpful and the best way for us to help you. Everything below is an educated guess based on the information you provided. Based on the text '__main__.Point object at 0x0254FAB0', it seems like the object being returned is most likely NOT a list but instead a Point class that is iterable. Either that or it is a list of Point objects. To find out exactly, try something like this: lst = # whatever your class is returning. print 'LIST - type : ', type(lst) '\trepr: ', repr(lst), '\tstr :', str(lst) for p in lst[-1:]: print 'POINT - type: ', type(p) '\trepr: ', repr(p), '\tstr :', str(p) My suspicion is that when you print the list containing points/addresses it prints the repr version. When you print the points/addresses themselves it prints the str version. class t(object): ... def __str__(self): ... return 'str' ... def __repr__(self): ... return 'repr' ... a = t() print [a] [repr] print a str print a.__class__.__base__.__repr__(a) __pieshell__.t object at 0x11B28F10 Hope that helps you to understand what is going on. Ramit Prasad P.S. Usually it is best to specify, Python version, OS version, expected input/output, and the smallest code sample you can provide that shows the problem (that any reader of your message can run). This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: resume execution after catching with an excepthook?
andrea crotti wrote: 2012/10/25 Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info: On Wed, 24 Oct 2012 13:51:30 +0100, andrea crotti wrote: [snip] Without a try...except block, execution will cease after an exception is caught, even when using sys.excepthook. I don't believe that there is any way to jump back to the line of code that just failed (and why would you, it will just fail again) or the next line (which will likely fail because the previous line failed). I think the only way you can do this is to write your own execution loop: while True: try: run(next_command()) except KeyboardInterrupt: if confirm_quit(): break Of course you need to make run() atomic, or use transactions that can be reverted or backed out of. How plausible this is depends on what you are trying to do -- Python's Ctrl-C is not really designed to be ignored. Perhaps a better approach would be to treat Ctrl-C as an unconditional exit, and periodically poll the keyboard for another key press to use as a conditional exit. Here's a snippet of platform-specific code to get a key press: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577977 Note however that it blocks if there is no key press waiting. I suspect that you may need a proper event loop, as provided by GUI frameworks, or curses. Ok thanks, but here the point is not to resume something that is going to fail again, just to avoid accidental kill of processes that take a long time. Probably needed only by me in debugging mode, but anyway I can do the simple try/except then, thanks.. On the other hand, if you store state externally (pickle?) maybe you can just restart at the last check point. That way even if the program dies you can recover on the next run. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: turn list of letters into an array of integers
David Hutto wrote:
On Wed, Oct 24, 2012 at 1:23 AM, seektime michael.j.kra...@gmail.com wrote:
Here's some example code. The input is a list which is a matrix of
letters:
a b a
b b a
and I'd like to turn this into a Python array:
1 2 1
2 2 1
so 1 replaces a, and 2 replaces b. Here's the code I have so far:
L=['a b a\n','b b a\n']
s=' '.join(L)
seq1=('a','b')
seq2=('1','2')
d = dict(zip(seq1,seq2))
# Define method to replace letters according to dictionary (got this from
http://gommeitputor.wordpress.com/2008/09/27/search-replace-multiple-words-or-characters-with-python/).
... def replace_all(text, dic):
... for i, j in dic.iteritems():
... text = text.replace(i, j)
... return text
...
seq = replace_all(s,d)
print seq
1 2 1
2 2 1
seq
'1 2 1\n 2 2 1\n'
I'd suggest, if this is what you're referring to:
x = seq.split('\n ')
array_list = [ ]
next_3_d_array = []
range_of_seq = len(seq)
for num in range(0,range_of_seq):
if num % 3 != 0:
next_3_d_array.append(num)
if num % 3 == 0:
array_list.append(next_3_d_array)
next_3_d_array = [ ]
Wow, that looks complicated. Why hardcode to 3 instead of where ever
the newline is?
[ int(x.strip()) for subseq in seq.split('\n') for x in subseq.split() ]
[1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1]
lst = []
# OR
for subseq in seq.split('\n'):
... for x in subseq.split():
... lst.append( int(x.strip()))
...
Ramit Prasad
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RE: regex function driving me nuts
MartinD wrote:
Hi,
I'm new to Python.
Does someone has an idea what's wrong. I tried everything. The only regex
that is tested is the last one in a
whole list of regex in keywords.txt
Thanks!
Martin
def checkKeywords( str, lstKeywords ):
for regex in lstKeywords:
match = re.search(regex, str,re.IGNORECASE)
# If-statement after search() tests if it succeeded
if match:
print match.group() ##just debugging
return match.group() ## 'found!
return
#
keywords1 = [line for line in open('keywords1.txt')]
resultKeywords1 = checkKeywords(string_to_test,keywords1)
print resultKeywords1
Hi Martin,
It is always helpful to provide python version, operating system version, full
error message,
and input/expected output for the code. Now I can tell you are using Python 2.x
but
without having any clue what is in keywords1.txt it is impossible to figure out
what the problem might be. Other than using regular expressions that is. :)
Ramit Prasad
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RE: SQLAlchemy: How to do Table Reflection and MySQL?
Nick Sabalausky wrote: On Mon, 22 Oct 2012 14:35:23 -0700 (PDT) darnold darnold992...@yahoo.com wrote: i'm not brave enough to dig too deeply into SQLAlchemy, but maybe this will help? : http://kashififtikhar.blogspot.com/2010/07/using-sqlalchemy-reflection-with-pylons.html that came up from googling sqlalchemy table reflection tutorial. Thanks, your view of Google seems to be far better tailored for Python than mine is, that doesn't come up for me anywhere on the first five pages of results for that query. Unfortunately the info on that page doesn't seem to work for me: -- from sqlalchemy import * from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker engine = create_engine(my connection string) meta = MetaData() meta.bind = engine meta.reflect() Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() res = session.query(user).filter(user.name==bert).first() print res.name -- That just gives me: NameError: name 'user' is not defined (And yes, the code given on that page to print out the table info *does* indicate a table named 'user' was found.) This does not seem to be a SQLAlchemy problem. Instead it seems there is not a variable called `name`. If you define the appropriate user it does it work? (From that page it seems like user should be a blank class like the following). class user(object): pass I also tried this which also fails: res = session.query(meta.tables[user]).filter(meta.tables[user].name==bert).first() sqlalchemy.exc.ArgumentError: filter() argument must be of type sqlalchemy.sql.ClauseElement or string The page you linked to appears to get around the matter by manually setting up tables filled with the reflected info, but that seems to defeat much of the point for me. I may as well just set up the tables manually without the reflection, which is what I'll probably do. Maybe I just misunderstood what was meant in the SQLAlchemy docs here?: but note that SA can also “import” whole sets of Table objects automatically from an existing database (this process is called table reflection). -- http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_7/core/tutorial.html It said that but then didn't say how and didn't link to any info on how. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: A desperate lunge for on-topic-ness
Roy Smith wrote: Pet peeve of the day... Why do you have to write: global foo foo = 4 when global foo = 4 would have been so much easier? To make it more annoying for people who use globals, duh. :) Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Python does not take up available physical memory
Emile van Sebille wrote: On 10/19/2012 10:08 AM, Pradipto Banerjee wrote: Hi, I am trying to read a file into memory. The size of the file is around 1 GB. I have a 3GB memory PC and the Windows Task Manager shows 2.3 GB available physical memory when I was trying to read the file. I tried to read the file as follows: fdata = open(filename, 'r').read() I got a MemoryError. I was watching the Windows Task Manager while I run the python command, and it appears that python **perhaps** never even attempted to use more memory but gave me this error. Is there any reason why python can't read a 1GB file in memory even when a 2.3 GB physical memory is available? The real issue is likely that there is more than one copy of the file in memory somewhere. I had a similar issue years back that I resolved by using numeric (now numpy?) as it had a more efficient method of importing content from disk. Also realize that windows may not allow the full memory to user space. I'm not sure what exactly the restrictions are, but a 4Gb windows box doesn't always get you 4Gb of memory. Windows (by default) limits user space of a 32 bit machine to 2 GB. This is a bit old but I think still applies to pre-Win7. (scroll down to 32-bit Client Effective Memory Limits ) http://blogs.technet.com/b/markrussinovich/archive/2008/07/21/3092070.aspx Offhand, I am not sure how this works in Win7, but for 32-bit clients I doubt it has changed much. This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Python does not take up available physical memory
Chris Angelico wrote: On Sat, Oct 20, 2012 at 4:08 AM, Pradipto Banerjee pradipto.baner...@adainvestments.com wrote: I am trying to read a file into memory. The size of the file is around 1 GB. I have a 3GB memory PC and the Windows Task Manager shows 2.3 GB available physical memory when I was trying to read the file. I tried to read the file as follows: fdata = open(filename, 'r').read() Is this Python 2 or Python 3? Just throwing a random possibility out there, could it be that reading it in and converting it to Unicode text requires more memory than you have? My recommendation: Unless you actually need to search the whole file as a single string, iterate over the file instead: for line in open(filename): # do something with line If you (OP) are in Python 2.5+ I would do the following instead. with open(filename) as f: for line in f: # do something with line This will automatically close the file when it is done. I doubt it will help with memory issues, but closing files after you are done with them is a Good practice. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Python does not take up available physical memory
Pradipto Banerjee wrote: Thanks, I tried that. Still got MemoryError, but at least this time python tried to use the physical memory. What I noticed is that before it gave me the error it used up to 1.5GB (of the 2.23 GB originally showed as available) - so in general, python takes up more memory than the size of the file itself. Of course it will. Python has to keep its own code in memory and load the file. Not to mention that the file is converted from data into a Python object with its own overhead. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Is there a way to programmatically turn on remote registry?
Kevin Holleran wrote: Hi, I have written a script to poll some registry values but remote registry is turned off through GPO on the network I need to run it against. The account running the script is an admin on these boxes. Is there a way for me to turn on remote registry for the duration of the script's runtime? Thanks for your help. Kevin No personal experience but the web says you need to enable the remote registry service[1]. You can start and stop services in Python using win32serviceutil[2]. [1] http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754820.aspx [2] http://fuzzytolerance.info/using-python-to-manage-windows-services/ Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Tkinter Create/Destory Button
bbbenrothsch...@gmail.com wrote: I am trying to create a button in Tkinter and then when it is pressed delete it/have it disappear. Does anyone know the simplest script to do that with. Thanks for your help. Try http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/python/118851 . If you just want to disable/enable the button while leaving it visible maybe try setting the config state as shown here: http://www.daniweb.com/software-development/python/threads/69669/tkinter-button-disable-# . Hope that helps, Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: A desperate lunge for on-topic-ness
Den wrote: On Wednesday, October 17, 2012 11:06:43 PM UTC-7, Zero Piraeus wrote: : What are people's preferred strategies for dealing with lines that go over 79 characters? A few I can think of off the bat: I personally just keep typing until my statement is finished. This is my program, not PEP's. But I have to say I'm amused by the whole question, and others related to PEP8. A quick aside, the width of our roads all go back to the width of a two horse rig. The suggested maximum of 80 characters goes back to teletype machines, and IBM cards, and character based terminals Should that really be the basis for a suggested style now? Den Unlike IBM cards and the teletype, character based terminals are still widely used (at least in the developer communities). They often default to 80 characters, but handle various sizes. So that comparison is not quite fair. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: A desperate lunge for on-topic-ness
Chris Angelico wrote: On Fri, Oct 19, 2012 at 3:13 AM, Neil Cerutti ne...@norwich.edu wrote: Though technology has moved along swiftly, keeping your code accessible to the guy using a crummy old console xterm might still be worthwhile, and it makes printouts easy to create. And keeping your interface accessible to someone who can't use the Home and End keys allows it to be used by someone who's using PuTTY on Windows to SSH to a gateway and then SSH from there to a firewalled computer that's running your application. And yes, I do exactly that, and yes, for some reason Home/End don't always work. One day I'll probably figure out what the issue is, but for now, I'm just glad there are baseline text editors that don't need such keys... Technology moves on, but not everywhere. ChrisA -- Home and end do not bother me much as I can usually use ctrl+a/ctrl+e for the same purpose. I do wish I found a better way to page up/down. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: OT Questions
David Hutto wrote: On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 7:12 PM, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Wed, 17 Oct 2012 18:05:12 -0400, Dwight Hutto wrote: this was just a confidence statement that I'm intelligent as well, so don't get uppity with me. Please tone down the aggression. It's email, things get misinterpreted sometimes. True, which is why we should all take a little extra care in what we write to avoid misinterpretation, especially in terms of offensiveness. Besides, what you write here is public and can be seen by anyone with access to the Internet and a search engine. That includes prospective clients/employers! I know there is an increasing trend for employers to search the Internet to learn about potential employees. I do the same before I hire a company for many things (e.g. house/car repair, translator, etc). Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: OT Questions
David Hutto wrote: On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 12:38 PM, Prasad, Ramit ramit.pra...@jpmorgan.com wrote: David Hutto wrote: On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 2:06 AM, Demian Brecht demianbre...@gmail.com wrote: [snip] The question is whose opinion matters. Yours? Mine? Others? Personally, I heartily second the recommendation to get professional advice on site design. Your site reminds me of something I would create in the '90s with FrontPage (do people even use that anymore?) as an amateur or hobbyist; not something I would create as a professional attempting to market my services. I'm moving toward the smaller devices, but I'm a desktop guy, and so are a lot of others. And what site doesn't have a frontpage? Just to clarify Microsoft FrontPage was a late 90s/early-2000's application for creating web pages with a WYSIWYG front end. The precursor to Adobe's Dreamweaver and sort of the web design equivalent of Microsoft Word. [snip] Out of curiosity, is there a reason you did not pick Python (seeing as this is a Python mailing list) for this task? Or conversely, is there a reason you picked PHP? Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: A desperate lunge for on-topic-ness
Hans Mulder wrote:
On 18/10/12 08:31:51, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Thu, 18 Oct 2012 02:06:19 -0400, Zero Piraeus wrote:
3. Say well, at least it's not a backslash and break the line using
parentheses.
I mostly do this. Since most lines include a bracket of some sort, I
rarely need to add outer parentheses just for the purpose of line
continuation.
some_variable = spam('x') + ham(
some_longer_variables, here_and_here,
and_here_also)
I would spell that as:
some_variable = spam('x') + ham(
some_longer_variables,
here_and_here,
and_here_also,
)
I know PEP 8 says I should drop the final round bracket to the next line,
but I don't normally like that.
I normally put the final bracket on the next line, where it is
very visible. Compare:
if looks_like_it_might_be_spam(
some_longer_variables,
here_and_here, and_here_also):
logger.notice(might be spam)
move_to_spam_folder(some_longer_variables)
update_spam_statistics(here_and_here)
vs.
if looks_like_it_might_be_spam(
some_longer_variables,
here_and_here,
and_here_also,
):
logger.notice(might be spam)
move_to_spam_folder(some_longer_variables)
update_spam_statistics(here_and_here)
Which one would you say is more readable?
For the first example, I would probably indent the arguments more
to differentiate a continuing line. That way the ): does not
look like it was un-indented to be part of a different block.
if looks_like_it_might_be_spam(
some_longer_variables,
here_and_here, and_here_also):
logger.notice(might be spam)
move_to_spam_folder(some_longer_variables)
update_spam_statistics(here_and_here)
Ramit Prasad
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RE: len() on mutables vs. immutables
Terry Reedy wrote: On 10/18/2012 1:23 PM, Demian Brecht wrote: When len() is called passing an immutable built-in type (such as a string), I'd assume that the overhead in doing so is simply a function call and there are no on-call calculations done. Is that correct? See below. I'd also assume that mutable built-in types (such as a bytearray) would cache their size internally as a side effect of mutation operations. Is Or the length could be the difference of two pointers -- address of the first empty slot minus address of first item. that correct? If so, is it safe to assume that at least all built-in types observe this behavior, str, bytes, bytearrays, arrays, sets, frozensets, dicts, dictviews, and ranges should all return len in O(1) time. That includes the possibility of a subtraction as indicated above. Why does pointer arithmetic work for dicts? I would think the position of a value would be based on the hash of the key and thus random for the context of this conversation. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: len() on mutables vs. immutables
Ian Kelly wrote: Sent: Thursday, October 18, 2012 2:39 PM To: Python Subject: Re: len() on mutables vs. immutables On Thu, Oct 18, 2012 at 1:18 PM, Prasad, Ramit ramit.pra...@jpmorgan.com wrote: Why does pointer arithmetic work for dicts? I would think the position of a value would be based on the hash of the key and thus random for the context of this conversation. It doesn't. len() on CPython dicts is O(1) because the dict keeps track of how many items it contains. It needs to do this anyway so that it can determine when to grow the internal hash table. That is what I was thinking should happen. Thanks for the clarification Ian. Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: pip fails to install packages on moutain loin (Mac OS 10.8.2)
Peng Yu wrote Hi, I installed Python using python-2.7.3-macosx10.6.dmg on my Mac OS 10.8.2. When try to use pip to install packages, I get the following message. Then the installation fails. gcc-4.2 not found, using clang instead I then create a link from /usr/bin/gcc to gcc-4.2. Then I run pip again, I get the following error message. Does anybody have a solution to install python on Mac OS 10.8.2 so that packages can be installed with pip? /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/exception: 42:28: error: bits/c++config.h: No such file or directory In file included from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/c+ +/4.2.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:70, from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/c+ +/4.2.1/bits/char_traits.h:46, from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/c+ +/4.2.1/string:47, from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/c+ +/4.2.1/stdexcept:44, Regards, Peng I would install python+virtualenv+pip from MacPorts to keep it separate from the OS X system Python. MacPorts will take care of everything for you as long as you have Xcode installed. `sudo ports install py27-pip` Ramit Prasad This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: OT Questions
David Hutto wrote: On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 2:06 AM, Demian Brecht demianbre...@gmail.com wrote: * Your strength is not design. Using bevel and emboss (and a pattern here and there) does not constitute good design. It's simplicity within a symbolism, and now that I need money for medical reasons, the work I've done isn't perfect, but it's on par. I know when I see something aesthetically pleasing, and if I like what I have, I'm using the same mindset. If you're showcasing logo work, I hope you're ready to supply variations that can be used cross-medium. These are all portfolio sites of my own, and I'm slowly revising them, just like any other rough draft, and as you can tell I'm asking other people to critique it. Aesthetics and web design are relative to the eye of the beholder. The question is whose opinion matters. Yours? Mine? Others? Personally, I heartily second the recommendation to get professional advice on site design. Your site reminds me of something I would create in the '90s with FrontPage (do people even use that anymore?) as an amateur or hobbyist; not something I would create as a professional attempting to market my services. Now I do not say this in order to be mean, but to provide constructive criticism. Not because I do not like the site; but because I think *other* people will not like the site layout and ultimately my opinion does not matter; it matters what your prospective clients think. That is unless you can afford to turn away business by sticking to your design principles. Several top level links did not work and that is a bad sign for a portfolio. At the very least, take a few minutes to setup a blank page so the visitor does not get a 404 error. The background of your logo page should match the color scheme of the rest of the website. Oh, and your logo for your main page is incomprehensible to me. I am not sure if it is a artistic design or some text, but it is too hard to make out. It is hard to say much more since the site is so bare. I will reiterate what others have said regarding background sounds (especially ones that start by default). If you take a look at some famous websites and you will notice that they rarely have sound and for good reason. Another thing to note is wasted space. Network bandwidth is a commodity. You pay for it and your visitor pays for it. You pay for it in terms of hosting or internet service while the visitor pays for it in internet service and possibly even in their data cap. I cannot imagine loading your website from a phone (nor would I ever try to). You want to be as efficient as possible. Have you ever taken a look at Google's home page source? Now they are an extreme example of keeping a site lean, but maybe that will give you an idea of how important it is. An overly giant GIF and sound files are poor choices. It should be easy to compress the GIF to a *much* smaller file size while keeping the animation. You can probably use a midi file for the same effect with regards to sounds. I hope that helps, Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Aggressive language on python-list
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Tue, 16 Oct 2012 09:27:48 -0700, rurpy wrote about trolls and dicks: The best advise is to ignore such posts and encourage others to do the same. If you ignore such posts, how will the poster know they are unacceptable? How should somebody distinguish between I am being shunned for acting like a dick, and I have not received any responses because nobody has anything to add? If I believe that your behaviour (giving lousy advice) is causing great harm to this community, and *I don't say anything*, how will you know to change your behaviour? How will others know that I do not agree with your advice? I agree completely. I was about to say that I was fine with meeting known trolls with silence, but what happens when new or infrequent readers see the troll's writing with no one objecting? Are they to ignore the troll or assume that the list condones the troll's words? ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: system tray or notification area in python
Daniel Fetchinson wrote: Hi folks, I'm using a stand alone window manager without gnome or kde or any other de. But I still would like to have a system tray or notification area and so far used stalonetray for this. Stalonetray is written in C and is a GTK application, works all right but sometimes it doesn't. For instance if it is killed and restarted icons don't come back, etc, etc, there are some quirks. So I thought I would write a brand new stand alone system tray or notification area in python. I guess I need to use gtk bindings or some such but don't really know what my options are. Where would I start something like this? Any pointers would be greatly appreciated! Why not look at the source code of the current app your using to get an idea how that application accomplishes said task? I actually did that already it's using the C bindings of gtk. You might ask you I'm not modifying the code in order to achieve what I want, well, the answer is that I'd much rather prototype something like this in python than work immediately with gtk from C. But I have zero experience with gui programming in python. So any pointers would be much appreciated how to implement a system tray in python. Gtk is I guess just one option, one could use other stuff from python but I wouldn't know what the simplest approach is. I have used wxpython and thought it was powerful and reasonably easy to use. I have no experience with other Python frameworks but I know wxpython is a popular choice and I would guess it has an active community. That is my two cents (or lowest denomination currency for your locale). You could always use raw X11 libs but leveraging something like Gtk or Qt/KDE would probably be much easier. ~Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Tkinter how to access the widget by name
? wrote:
I'm a little teapot ... himself the question: if I want to appeal to the
widget, knowing his name... ?
# appropriated the name of the widget
label = Label(frame, width = 40, text='text', name = 'name')
...
name_='name'
configure(name_)
...
def configure(name_)
#And how can that be?
# At least let the text you want to change
I beg you ..
--
I am unfamiliar with Tkinter, so this might not be very helpful.
Usually with the GUI I have created before I uses classes and store
the widgets inside the classes. That makes it easier to use
`self.widgetname` or `getattr(self, widgetname)`. If that is not
something you can instead store the attributes in a list/dictionary.
In both cases make sure not to have multiple widgets created with
the same name.
Note the following is all untested and should be considered pseudo-code.
widgets = {}
label = Label(frame, width = 40, text='text', name = 'name')
widgets['name'] = label
def configure(name_):
widget = widgets[name_]
OR
widgets = []
label = Label(frame, width = 40, text='text', name = 'name')
widgets.append( label )
def configure(name_):
found = False
for w in widgets:
if w.name == name_: # No idea how to get name from Tk widget
found = True
break
if found:
# configure here
Ramit Prasad
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RE: for-loop on cmd-line
Chris Angelico wrote:
On Fri, Oct 12, 2012 at 3:49 AM, Gisle Vanem gva...@broadpark.no wrote:
wxjmfa...@gmail.com wrote in comp.lang.python
(my ISP no longer updates this group. Last message is from 8. April.
Does the postings to the python mailing-list automatically get reposted to
comp.lang.python?)
Yes, c.l.p and python-list mirror each other.
C:\Windows\system32\python32.zip
c:\python32\DLLs
I see a similar result:
f:\Windows\system32\python27.zip
Where is it determined that python27.zip should be in sys.path?
I have no such file anywhere. I'm using ActivePython 2.7.2.
It's in sys.path in the three Windows Pythons I have here:
C:\Documents and Settings\Mpython -c import sys; print(sys.version);
print('\n
'.join(sys.path))
2.4.5 (#1, Jul 22 2011, 02:01:04)
[GCC 4.1.1]
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python24.zip
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python2.4
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python2.4\plat-mingw32
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python2.4\lib-tk
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python2.4\lib-dynload
C:\Program Files\LilyPond\usr\lib\python2.4\site-packages
C:\Documents and Settings\M\python26\python -c import sys;
print(sys.version);
print('\n'.join(sys.path))
2.6.5 (r265:79096, Mar 19 2010, 21:48:26) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)]
C:\WINDOWS\system32\python26.zip
C:\python26\DLLs
C:\python26\lib
C:\python26\lib\plat-win
C:\python26\lib\lib-tk
C:\python26
C:\python26\lib\site-packages
C:\Documents and Settings\M\python32\python -c import sys;
print(sys.version);
print('\n'.join(sys.path))
3.2 (r32:88445, Feb 20 2011, 21:29:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)]
C:\WINDOWS\system32\python32.zip
C:\python32\DLLs
C:\python32\lib
C:\python32
C:\python32\lib\site-packages
C:\python32\lib\site-packages\win32
C:\python32\lib\site-packages\win32\lib
C:\python32\lib\site-packages\Pythonwin
C:\Documents and Settings\M
Presumably it's so that I can zip up my entire Python library and toss
it into a convenient file. I don't think it costs much to stat a file
and find it's not there before moving on, so it's not a problem to
leave it there.
ChrisA
Interesting, my results are slightly different. Here is what I
get from (one of) my Python installs.
2.7.1 (r271:86832, Nov 27 2010, 18:30:46) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)]
C:\ramit\Python27\python27.zip
C:\ramit\Python27\DLLs
C:\ramit\Python27\lib
C:\ramit\Python27\lib\plat-win
C:\ramit\Python27\lib\lib-tk
C:\ramit\Python27
C:\ramit\Python27\lib\site-packages
Ramit
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RE: RE: Unpaking Tuple
Bob Martin wrote in 682592 20121008 232126 Prasad, Ramit ramit.pra...@jpmorgan.com wrote: Thomas Bach wrote:=0D=0A Hi there,=0D=0A =0D=0A On Sat, Oct 06, 2012 at = 03:08:38PM +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:=0D=0A =0D=0A my_tuple =3D my_= tuple[:4]=0D=0A a,b,c,d =3D my_tuple if len(my_tuple) =3D=3D 4 else (my_= tuple + (None,)*4)[:4]=0D=0A =0D=0A =0D=0A Are you sure this works as y= ou expect? I just stumbled over the following:=0D=0A =0D=0A $ python=0D= =0A Python 3=2E2=2E3 (default, Jun 25 2012, 23:10:56)=0D=0A [GCC 4=2E7=2E= 1] on linux2=0D=0A Type help, copyright, credits or license for mo= re information=2E=0D=0A split =3D ['foo', 'bar']=0D=0A head, tail= =3D split if len(split) =3D=3D 2 else split[0], None=0D=0A head=0D=0A= ['foo', 'bar']=0D=0A tail=0D=0A =0D=0A =0D=0A I don't get it! = Could someone help me, please? Why is head not 'foo'=0D=0A and tail not 'b= ar'?=0D=0A =0D=0A Regards,=0D=0A Thomas=0D=0A --=0D=0A=0D=0AI think yo= u just need to wrap the else in parenthesis so the=0D=0Aelse clause is trea= ted as a tuple=2E Without the parenthesis =0D=0AI believe it is grouping th= e code like this=2E=0D=0A=0D=0Ahead, tail =3D (split if len(split) =3D=3D 2= else split[0] ), None=0D=0A=0D=0AYou want:=0D=0Ahead, tail =3D split if le= n(split) =3D=3D 2 else (split[0], None )=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0ARamit=0D=0AThis e= mail is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and=0D=0Aconditio= ns including on offers for the purchase or sale of=0D=0Asecurities, accurac= y and completeness of information, viruses,=0D=0Aconfidentiality, legal pri= vilege, and legal entity disclaimers,=0D=0Aavailable at http://www=2Ejpmorg= an=2Ecom/pages/disclosures/email=2E How does one unpack this post? ;-) -- Hmm, I am not sure why that happened. For reference: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2012-October/632603.html This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Insert item before each element of a list
Agon Hajdari wrote:
Sent: Monday, October 08, 2012 3:12 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Insert item before each element of a list
On 10/08/2012 09:45 PM, Chris Kaynor wrote:
[('insertme', i) for i in x]
This is not enough, you have to merge it afterwards.
Why do you say that? It seems to work just fine for me.
x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[('insertme', i) for i in x]
[('insertme', 0), ('insertme', 1), ('insertme', 2), ('insertme', 3),
('insertme', 4)]
y = [item for tup in y for item in tup]
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RE: Insert item before each element of a list
Agon Hajdari wrote:
On 10/08/2012 11:15 PM, Prasad, Ramit wrote:
Agon Hajdari wrote:
On 10/08/2012 09:45 PM, Chris Kaynor wrote:
[('insertme', i) for i in x]
This is not enough, you have to merge it afterwards.
Why do you say that? It seems to work just fine for me.
x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[('insertme', i) for i in x]
[('insertme', 0), ('insertme', 1), ('insertme', 2), ('insertme', 3),
('insertme', 4)]
y = [item for tup in y for item in tup]
I think he wanted to have a 'plain' list
a = [0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3]
and not
a = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3)]
You are absolutely correct. I missed that when I tried it.
Instead of the nested list comprehension, I might have used
map instead.
y = [('insertme', i) for i in x]
z = []
_ = map( z.extend, y )
z
['insertme', 0, 'insertme', 1, 'insertme', 2, 'insertme', 3, 'insertme', 4]
I am not sure which is more Pythonic, but to me map + list.extend tells
me more explicitly that I am dealing with an iterable of iterables.
It might make more sense to only to me though.
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RE: Unpaking Tuple
Thomas Bach wrote: Hi there, On Sat, Oct 06, 2012 at 03:08:38PM +, Steven D'Aprano wrote: my_tuple = my_tuple[:4] a,b,c,d = my_tuple if len(my_tuple) == 4 else (my_tuple + (None,)*4)[:4] Are you sure this works as you expect? I just stumbled over the following: $ python Python 3.2.3 (default, Jun 25 2012, 23:10:56) [GCC 4.7.1] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. split = ['foo', 'bar'] head, tail = split if len(split) == 2 else split[0], None head ['foo', 'bar'] tail I don't get it! Could someone help me, please? Why is head not 'foo' and tail not 'bar'? Regards, Thomas -- I think you just need to wrap the else in parenthesis so the else clause is treated as a tuple. Without the parenthesis I believe it is grouping the code like this. head, tail = (split if len(split) == 2 else split[0] ), None You want: head, tail = split if len(split) == 2 else (split[0], None ) Ramit This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: notmm is dead!
Steven D'Aprano wrote: Sent: Thursday, October 04, 2012 7:22 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: notmm is dead! On Thu, 04 Oct 2012 14:10:46 -0400, Etienne Robillard wrote: Dear list, Due to lack of energy and resources i'm really sad to announce the removal of notmm from pypi and bitbucket. Well that's just rude. Even if you don't intend to maintain the software any more, why are you removing it from pypi? Since you say you are a fan of Open Source software, just flag it as unmaintained and leave it for somebody else to pick up. If you are going to abandon the project, release it on PyPI with a dual MIT and GPL licence, and let it be taken over by somebody else. If you were looking for sympathy here, starting off by removing your project from free hosting, then complaining that you can't pay for the non-free hosting, was NOT the right way to do so. I might be misunderstanding, but I think Etienne wants money in exchange for letting someone else take over. By the way, the latest version of notmm (0.4.4) has an empty licence file. No licence means that everyone using it is unlicenced and therefore infringing your copyright. This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and conditions including on offers for the purchase or sale of securities, accuracy and completeness of information, viruses, confidentiality, legal privilege, and legal entity disclaimers, available at http://www.jpmorgan.com/pages/disclosures/email. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Experimental Python-based shell
(A little quoting manipulation to make it easier to read with
appropriate context.)
On Wed, Oct 3, 2012 at 11:25 AM, Amirouche Boubekki
amirouche.boube...@gmail.com wrote:
2012/10/3 Jonathan Hayward jonathan.hayw...@pobox.com
The chief benefit besides the searching, so far, is that you can use Py3k
mixed with shell commands as the
scripting language--so script in Python instead of bash.
When using Python for scripting, Python lines are indented by an extra
tab (or four spaces) while shell-like
commands are not indented. So:
cjsh for index in range(10):
echo %(index)d
0
1
2
[snip]
Echo could (and maybe should) be a built-in, but it isn't. The output is
os.system()'ed to bash, which echoes
based on a command that includes the value of a Python variable. The
implementation is a bit crude, but it is
reasonably powerful.
I have other things on the agenda, like making it able to run scripts and
doing fuzzy matching, but for now
those are the main two attractions.
Is it possible to drop completly the bash syntax and use some python
library (I saw it on github) that wraps
bash commands with python functions or the other around making it possible
to call python functions with a bash-
like syntax. The syntax you are talking about seems strange.
Regards,
Amirouche
Jonathan Hayward wrote:
I am open to suggestions and patches. I don't think the syntax strange,
though: it offers a clear and distinct
way to differentiate Python and shell commands, and shell commands can access
Python variables when specified.
And it is a simple rule, without footnotes needed.
I need more footnotes. :) Does every shell command not have indentation?
How can you tell if the shell command is supposed to be in the loop or after
the loop?
for index in range(10):
# do something
echo %(index)d
Is the above equivalent to Python pseudo-code solution A or B?
Solution A,
for index in range(10):
#do something
Popen('echo', file_path)
Solution B,
for index in range(10):
#do something
Popen('echo', file_path)
How do I make achieve the other solution?
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