Re: [Rd] Simplify and By Convert Factors To Numeric Values
On Fri, 16 Jun 2017, Dario Strbenac wrote: Good day, It's not described anywhere in the help page, but tapply and by functions will, by default, convert factors into numeric values. Perhaps this needs to be documented or the behaviour changed. It *is* described in the help page. This returns a list of objects and each object class has "factor" tapply(rep(1:2,2), rep(1:2,2), function(x) factor(LETTERS[x], levels = LETTERS)) and this tapply(1:3, 1:3, function(x) factor(LETTERS[x], levels = LETTERS)) 1 2 3 1 2 3 returns a vector object with no class. The documentation states "... tapply returns a multi-way array containing the values ..." but doesn't mention anything about converting factors into integers. I'd expect the values to be of the same type. and also states "If FUN returns a single atomic value for each such cell ... and when simplify is TRUE ... if the return value has a class (e.g., an object of class "Date") the class is discarded." which is what just happened in your example. Maybe you want: unlist(tapply(1:3, 1:3, function(x) factor(LETTERS[x], levels = LETTERS),simplify=FALSE)) Trying to preserve class worked here in a way you might have hoped/expected, but might lead to difficulties in other uses. HTH, Chuck __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] A trap for young players with the lapply() function.
On Mon, 27 Mar 2017, Rolf Turner wrote:
From time to time I get myself into a state of bewilderment when using
apply() by calling it with FUN equal to a function which has an "optional"
argument named "X".
E.g.
xxx <- lapply(y,function(x,X){cos(x*X)},X=2*pi)
which produces the error message
Error in get(as.character(FUN), mode = "function", envir = envir) :
object 'y' of mode 'function' was not found
This of course happens because the name of the first argument of lapply() is
"X" and so it takes the value of this first argument to be the supplied X
(2*pi in the foregoing example) and then expects what the user has denoted by
"y" to be the value of FUN, and (obviously!) it isn't.
The lapply help page addresses this issue in `Details' :
"it is good practice to name the first two arguments X and FUN if ... is
passed through: this both avoids partial matching to FUN and ensures that
a sensible error message is given if arguments named X or FUN are passed
through ..."
So that advice suggests something like:
xxx <- lapply( X=y, FUN=function(X,x){cos(X*x)}, x=2*pi )
Best,
Chuck
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Re: [Rd] How do I reliably and efficiently hash a function?
On Thu, 10 Dec 2015, Konrad Rudolph wrote:
I’ve got the following scenario: I need to store information about an
R function, and retrieve it at a later point. In other programming
languages I’d implement this using a dictionary with the functions as
keys. In R, I’d usually use `attr(f, 'some-name')`. However, for my
purposes I do not want to use `attr` because the information that I
want to store is an implementation detail that should be hidden from
the user of the function (and, just as importantly, it shouldn’t
clutter the display when the function is printed on the console).
`comment` would be almost perfect since it’s hidden from the output
when printing a function — unfortunately, the information I’m storing
is not a character string (it’s in fact an environment), so I cannot
use `comment`.
How can this be achieved?
See
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-intro.html#Scope
For example, these commands:
foo <- function() {info <- "abc";function(x) x+1}
func <- foo()
find("func")
func(1)
ls(envir=environment(func))
get("info",environment(func))
func
Yield these printed results:
: [1] ".GlobalEnv"
: [1] 2
: [1] "info"
: [1] "abc"
: function (x)
: x + 1
:
The environment of the function gets printed, but 'info' and other
objects that might exist in that environment do not get printed unless
you explicitly call for them.
HTH,
Chuck
p.s. 'environment(func)$info' also works.
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Re: [Rd] R CMD build failure
On Thu, 9 Jul 2015, Therneau, Terry M., Ph.D. wrote: I have a local library 'dart' that imports "httr". [snip `R CMD build' can't find dart] Any ideas? There is no mention in the Writing R Extentions manual that it ignores the Rprofile file. Terry, From WRE: 1.3 Checking and building packages ... Note: R CMD check and R CMD build run R processes with --vanilla in which none of the user’s startup files are read. If you need R_LIBS set (to find packages in a non-standard library) you can set it in the environment: also you can use the check and build environment files (as specified by the environment variables R_CHECK_ENVIRON and R_BUILD_ENVIRON; if unset, files33 ~/.R/check.Renviron and ~/.R/build.Renviron are used) to set environment variables when using these utilities. And from ?Startup The command-line option --vanilla implies --no-site-file, --no-init-file, --no-environ and (except for R CMD) --no-restore HTH, Chuck __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Different behavior of model.matrix between R 3.2 and R3.1.1
On Tue, 16 Jun 2015, Frank Harrell wrote:
Terry Therneau has been very helpful on r-help but we can't figure out what
change in R in the past months made extra columns appear in model.matrix when
the terms object is subsetted to remove stratification factors in a Cox
model. Terry has changed his logic in the survival package to avoid this
issue but he requires generating a larger design matrix then dropping
columns.
A simple example is below.
strat <- function(x) x
d <- expand.grid(a=c('a1','a2'), b=c('b1','b2'))
d$y <- c(1,3,2,4)
f <- y ~ a * strat(b)
m <- model.frame(f, data=d)
Terms <- drop.terms(terms(f, data=d), 2)
model.matrix(Terms, m)
(Intercept) aa2 aa1:strat(b)b2 aa2:strat(b)b2
1 1 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 0
3 1 0 1 0
4 1 1 0 1
. . .
The column corresponding to a='a1' b='b2' should not be there
(aa1:strat(b)b2).
This does seem to be a change in R. Any help appreciated.
I get the same results with "Trick or Treat" == R 2.15.2, so the change
must be before late 2012.
HTH,
Chuck
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[Rd] Bug in parseNamespaceFile or switch( , ... ) ?
parseNamespaceFile() doesn't seem to detect misspelled directives. Looking
at its code I see
switch(as.character(e[[1L]]),
,
stop(gettextf("unknown namespace directive: %s",
deparse(e)), call. = FALSE, domain = NA))
but this doesn't seem to function as I expect, viz. to stop with an error
if I type a wrong directive.
Details:
# create dummy NAMESPACE file with two bad / one good directives
cat("blah( nada )\nblee( nil )\nexport( outDS )\n",file="NAMESPACE")
readLines("NAMESPACE")
[1] "blah( nada )""blee( nil )" "export( outDS )"
parseNamespaceFile("",".") # now parse it
$imports
list()
$exports
[1] "outDS"
$exportPatterns
character(0)
$importClasses
list()
$importMethods
list()
$exportClasses
character(0)
$exportMethods
character(0)
$exportClassPatterns
character(0)
$dynlibs
character(0)
$nativeRoutines
list()
$S3methods
[,1] [,2] [,3]
So, it picked up 'export' and ignored the other two lines.
Chuck
p.s.
sessionInfo()
R version 2.12.0 (2010-10-15)
Platform: i386-apple-darwin9.8.0/i386 (32-bit)
locale:
[1] C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
Charles C. BerryDept of Family/Preventive Medicine
cbe...@tajo.ucsd.eduUC San Diego
http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901
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Re: [Rd] Request: kronecker to get a sep= argument
On Thu, 25 Nov 2010, Charles C. Berry wrote:
On Thu, 25 Nov 2010, Michael Friendly wrote:
kronecker, with make.dimnames=TRUE uses a hardwired sep=":" in the line
tmp <- outer(dnx[[i]], dny[[i]], FUN = "paste", sep = ":")
For an application in which dimnames arise from an n-way array, where
different dimensions have
different roles, and I would like to be able to use kronecker in the form
kronecker(A, B, make.dimnames=TRUE, sep='/')
All this requires is to change the following two lines:
kronecker <- function (X, Y, FUN = "*", make.dimnames = FALSE, sep=":"
...)
{
...
tmp <- outer(dnx[[i]], dny[[i]], FUN = "paste", sep = sep)
}
Otherwise, I have to reproduce the logic inside kronecker() in my
application function.
Or add one line of code:
res <- kronecker(m1,m3,make.dimnames=T)
dimnames(res) <-
lapply( dimnames(res), sub, pattern=":", replacement="/" )
HTH,
Chuck
p.s. your suggestion could break code that others may have written like
kronecker( letters[1:3], diag(LETTERS[1:2]), paste, sep='*' )
make that
kronecker( letters[1:3], diag(LETTERS[1:2]), paste )
-Michael
--
Michael Friendly Email: friendly AT yorku DOT ca
Professor, Psychology Dept.
York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814
4700 Keele StreetWeb: http://www.datavis.ca
Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA
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Re: [Rd] Request: kronecker to get a sep= argument
On Thu, 25 Nov 2010, Michael Friendly wrote:
kronecker, with make.dimnames=TRUE uses a hardwired sep=":" in the line
tmp <- outer(dnx[[i]], dny[[i]], FUN = "paste", sep = ":")
For an application in which dimnames arise from an n-way array, where
different dimensions have
different roles, and I would like to be able to use kronecker in the form
kronecker(A, B, make.dimnames=TRUE, sep='/')
All this requires is to change the following two lines:
kronecker <- function (X, Y, FUN = "*", make.dimnames = FALSE, sep=":" ...)
{
...
tmp <- outer(dnx[[i]], dny[[i]], FUN = "paste", sep = sep)
}
Otherwise, I have to reproduce the logic inside kronecker() in my application
function.
Or add one line of code:
res <- kronecker(m1,m3,make.dimnames=T)
dimnames(res) <-
lapply( dimnames(res), sub, pattern=":", replacement="/" )
HTH,
Chuck
p.s. your suggestion could break code that others may have written like
kronecker( letters[1:3], diag(LETTERS[1:2]), paste, sep='*' )
-Michael
--
Michael Friendly Email: friendly AT yorku DOT ca
Professor, Psychology Dept.
York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814
4700 Keele StreetWeb: http://www.datavis.ca
Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA
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Re: [Rd] Bug in agrep computing edit distance?
On Wed, 17 Nov 2010, Dickison, Daniel wrote:
I downloaded and compiled the standalone TRE agrep command line program,
and I think I have a slightly better idea of what's going on. Basically
R's agrep, like the command line tool, is matching all strings that
*contain* the pattern. So, essentially, insertions before and after the
pattern is "free".
As far as I can tell, there isn't an option to require full-string matches
using the TRE library. It should be possible to not use REG_LITERAL and
surround the pattern with ^ and $, but that would require escaping all
special characters in the original pattern.
Is this something worth pursuing? (For my immediate needs I'll probably
create a separate function that passes the regex directly to TRE without
REG_LITERAL).
I am joining this thread late, but I wonder if reversing agrep's 'pattern'
and 'x' args serves the OP's need.
viz.
sapply( c("x","xy","xyz","xyza"),
+ function(y) any( agrep( y, "x", max=list(all=1
xxy xyz xyza
TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE
HTH,
Chuck
Daniel
On 11/17/10 11:47 AM, "Joris Meys" wrote:
It might have to do something with spaces and the interpretation of
insertions, as far as I understand the following examples :
agrep("x",c("x","xy","xyz","xyza"),max=list(all=1))
[1] 1 2 3 4
agrep("x",c("x","xy ","xyz ","xyza"),max=list(all=1))
[1] 1
agrep("xx",c("xx","xyx","xyzx","xyzax",max=list(all=1)))
[1] 1 2 3 4
agrep("xx",c("xx","xyx","xyzx","xyzax",max=list(ins=1)))
[1] 1 2 3 4
agrep("xx ",c("xx ","xyx ","xyzx ","xyzax",max=list(all=2)))
[1] 1
agrep("xx ",c("xx ","xyx ","xyzx ","xyzax",max=list(all=3)))
[1] 1
If the sequences are made the same length in spaces, this function
gives the expected result in the second example, but it definitely
doesn't do that any more when you start playing around with
insertions. If not a bug, it definitely behaves pretty weird...
Cheers
Joris
On Wed, Nov 17, 2010 at 4:49 PM, Dickison, Daniel
wrote:
I posted this yesterday to r-help and Ben Bolker suggested reposting it
here...
Dickison, Daniel carnegielearning.com> writes:
The documentation for agrep says it uses the Levenshtein edit distance,
but it seems to get this wrong in certain cases when there is a
combination of deletions and substitutions. For example:
agrep("abcd", "abcxyz", max.distance=1)
[1] 1
That should've been a no-match. The edit distance between those
strings
is 3 (1 substitution, 2 deletions), but agrep matches with max.distance
=
1.
I didn't find anything in the bug database, so I was wondering if
somehow
I'm misinterpreting how agrep works. If not, should I file this in
Bugzilla?
Could you re-post this on r-devel? It definitely sounds like
this is worth following up. Based on a little bit of playing around,
it's quite clear that I don't understand what's going on. The examples
show things like
agrep("lasy","lazy",max=list(sub=0))
which makes sense, but
agrep("lasy","lazybc",max=1)
agrep("lasy","lazybc",max=0.001)
agrep("lasy","layt",max=list(all=1))
and
agrep("x",c("x","xy","xyz","xyza"),max=list(insertions=2))
agrep("x",c("x","xy","xyz","xyza"),max=list(deletions=2))
agrep("x",c("x","xy","xyz","xyza"),max=list(all=2))
all give "1 2 3 4" ??
this makes it clear that I really don't understand what's going on
based on the documentation. I tried to trace into the C code
(which calls functions from the TRE regexp library) but that didn't
help much ...
Daniel Dickison
Research Programmer
ddicki...@carnegielearning.com
Toll Free: (888) 851-7094 x103
FAX: (412) 690-2444
Revolutionary Math Curricula. Revolutionary Results.
Carnegie Learning, Inc. | 437 Grant St. 20th Floor | Pittsburgh, PA
15219
www.carnegielearning.com
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tel : +32 9 264 59 87
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Re: [Rd] unloading compiled code.
On Tue, 16 Nov 2010, Andrew Redd wrote:
so should I use reg.finalizer or overwrite .Last()?
.Last
Error: object '.Last' not found
You create your own .Last - there is nothing to overwrite.
Chuck
If I use
reg.finalizer, what should be the environment that I specify? The
straight forward solution would be to have a hook .onExit that a
package could specify to make sure that the code was unloaded before
the program terminates, that way I don't overwrite .Last if if has
another purpose.
-Andrew
On Tue, Nov 16, 2010 at 11:27 AM, Charles C. Berry wrote:
On Tue, 16 Nov 2010, Andrew Redd wrote:
Just found in the documentation for getHook that packages are not
unloaded on quit. How should I force a package to unload on quit?
See
?q
HTH,
Chuck
-Andrew
On Tue, Nov 16, 2010 at 10:25 AM, Andrew Redd wrote:
Are packages unloaded on quit so that the .Last.lib or .onUnload are
called for packages?
-Andrew
On Fri, Nov 12, 2010 at 3:52 PM, Andrew Redd wrote:
Perhaps you could help me make some sense of this. Here is a printout
of my sessions.
---
toys$R -q
library(test2)
gpualloctest()
testing allocation on gpu
C Finished
Collecting Garbage
done.
q()
Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n
*** caught segfault ***
address 0x7f12ec1add50, cause 'memory not mapped'
Possible actions:
1: abort (with core dump, if enabled)
2: normal R exit
3: exit R without saving workspace
4: exit R saving workspace
Selection: 1
aborting ...
Segmentation fault
toys$R -q
library(test2)
gpualloctest()
testing allocation on gpu
C Finished
Collecting Garbage
done.
library.dynam.unload('test2',system.file(package='test2'))
q()
Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n
toys$
---
I have a in the test2/R/zzz.R file
---
.onUnload <- function(libpath)
library.dynam.unload("test2", libpath)
---
so the code should be unloaded. But it appears that it is not from
errors when I explicitly unload the test2.so it does not through a
segfault. Why would this be happening? and how do I circumvent it.
thanks,
Andrew
On Fri, Nov 12, 2010 at 3:32 PM, Prof Brian Ripley
wrote:
On Fri, 12 Nov 2010, Andrew Redd wrote:
I have a package that I'm developing that I need to unload the
library. Long story short I figured out that the leaving the compiled
code loaded lead to a segmentation fault, but unloading the code will
fix it. I've read the documentation and it appears that there are
several ways to do this? What is the popper accepted current standard
for unloading compiled code?
Depends how you loaded it: you basically reverse the process.
The options as I understand them are:
1. dyn.unload
2. library.dynam.unload
used with either
A. .Last.lib
B. .onUnload
If it makes a difference my package does use a NAMESPACE so the
package is loaded through useDynLib.
So you need an .onUnload action calling library.dynam.unload.
Slightly longer version: you need the DLL loaded whilst the namepace is
in
use, so it has to be in .onUnload, and useDynLib calls library.dynam so
you
need library.dynam.unload to do the housekeeping around dyn.unload
which
matches what library.dynam does around dyn.load.
There are quite a lot of examples to look at, including in R itself.
MASS is
one example I've just checked.
Having said all that, my experience is that unloading the DLL often
does not
help if you need to load it again (and that is why e.g. tcltk does not
unload its DLL).
Thanks,
Andrew Redd
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University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self)
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Re: [Rd] unloading compiled code.
On Tue, 16 Nov 2010, Andrew Redd wrote:
Just found in the documentation for getHook that packages are not
unloaded on quit. How should I force a package to unload on quit?
See
?q
HTH,
Chuck
-Andrew
On Tue, Nov 16, 2010 at 10:25 AM, Andrew Redd wrote:
Are packages unloaded on quit so that the .Last.lib or .onUnload are
called for packages?
-Andrew
On Fri, Nov 12, 2010 at 3:52 PM, Andrew Redd wrote:
Perhaps you could help me make some sense of this. Here is a printout
of my sessions.
---
toys$R -q
library(test2)
gpualloctest()
testing allocation on gpu
C Finished
Collecting Garbage
done.
q()
Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n
*** caught segfault ***
address 0x7f12ec1add50, cause 'memory not mapped'
Possible actions:
1: abort (with core dump, if enabled)
2: normal R exit
3: exit R without saving workspace
4: exit R saving workspace
Selection: 1
aborting ...
Segmentation fault
toys$R -q
library(test2)
gpualloctest()
testing allocation on gpu
C Finished
Collecting Garbage
done.
library.dynam.unload('test2',system.file(package='test2'))
q()
Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n
toys$
---
I have a in the test2/R/zzz.R file
---
.onUnload <- function(libpath)
library.dynam.unload("test2", libpath)
---
so the code should be unloaded. But it appears that it is not from
errors when I explicitly unload the test2.so it does not through a
segfault. Why would this be happening? and how do I circumvent it.
thanks,
Andrew
On Fri, Nov 12, 2010 at 3:32 PM, Prof Brian Ripley
wrote:
On Fri, 12 Nov 2010, Andrew Redd wrote:
I have a package that I'm developing that I need to unload the
library. Long story short I figured out that the leaving the compiled
code loaded lead to a segmentation fault, but unloading the code will
fix it. I've read the documentation and it appears that there are
several ways to do this? What is the popper accepted current standard
for unloading compiled code?
Depends how you loaded it: you basically reverse the process.
The options as I understand them are:
1. dyn.unload
2. library.dynam.unload
used with either
A. .Last.lib
B. .onUnload
If it makes a difference my package does use a NAMESPACE so the
package is loaded through useDynLib.
So you need an .onUnload action calling library.dynam.unload.
Slightly longer version: you need the DLL loaded whilst the namepace is in
use, so it has to be in .onUnload, and useDynLib calls library.dynam so you
need library.dynam.unload to do the housekeeping around dyn.unload which
matches what library.dynam does around dyn.load.
There are quite a lot of examples to look at, including in R itself. MASS is
one example I've just checked.
Having said all that, my experience is that unloading the DLL often does not
help if you need to load it again (and that is why e.g. tcltk does not
unload its DLL).
Thanks,
Andrew Redd
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University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self)
1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA)
Oxford OX1 3TG, UK Fax: +44 1865 272595
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Re: [Rd] Bug in read.table?
12 37.82753 -1.207808 001º12'28.10772"W 037º49'39.11641"N 368.866 317.927 25/10/2010 17:00:15 13 37.82753 -1.207808 001º12'28.10711"W 037º49'39.11703"N 368.859 317.920 25/10/2010 17:00:30 14 37.82753 -1.207808 001º12'28.10702"W 037º49'39.11711"N 368.861 317.922 25/10/2010 17:00:45 15 37.82753 -1.207808 001º12'28.10733"W 037º49'39.11651"N 368.853 317.914 25/10/2010 17:01:00 16 37.82753 -1.207808 001º12'28.10767"W 037º49'39.11744"N 368.857 317.918 25/10/2010 17:01:15 Thanks, Javier --- __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. BerryDept of Family/Preventive Medicine cbe...@tajo.ucsd.eduUC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] What do you call the value that represents a missing argument?
On Fri, 8 Oct 2010, Hadley Wickham wrote:
Hi all,
What's the official name for the value that represents a missing argument?
e.g.
formals(plot)$x
See ?list
It is a 'dotted pair list'
Are you looking for 'alist'?
"alist handles its arguments as if they described function arguments. So
the values are not evaluated, and tagged arguments with no value are
allowed whereas list simply ignores them. alist is most often used in
conjunction with formals."
alist(x=)$x==formals(plot)$x
[1] TRUE
HTH,
Chuck
str(formals(plot)$x)
deparse(formals(plot)$x)
is.symbol(formals(plot)$x)
What's the correct way to create an object like this? (for example if
you are manipulating the formals of a function to add an argument with
no default value, as in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3892580/).
as.symbol("") returns an error. Both substitute() and bquote() return
that object, but it's not obvious if this is on purpose.
Hadley
--
Assistant Professor / Dobelman Family Junior Chair
Department of Statistics / Rice University
http://had.co.nz/
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Re: [Rd] Does anyone use Sweave (RweaveLatex) option "expand=FALSE"?
having them lost in pages and pages of > code. > > Couldn't you achieve the same amount of abstraction using function calls, rather than embedded code chunks? The reader can then see real code, rather than non-code, or meta-code, or whatever. Alternatively, represent the code chunks as R expressions, then evaluate the expressions at the appropriate points. -Matt > So I vote strongly for retaining "expand=FALSE". > > Best, > Kevin > > Duncan Murdoch wrote: > > > On 19/08/2010 4:29 PM, Claudia Beleites wrote: > > > > > I never used it. > > > > > > I got curious, though. What would be a situation that benefits of > > > this option? > > > > > > > > When I put it in, I thought it would be for people who were writing > > about Sweave. > > > > Duncan Murdoch > > > > > > > Maybe a use case could be found by "brute force" (grep all .Rnw > > > files on CRAN for the option? > > > > > > Claudia > > > > > > > > > > > __ > > R-devel@r-project.org mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > > > __ > R-devel@r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:cbe...@tajo.ucsd.edu UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Should as.complex(NaN) -> NA?
On Wed, 31 Mar 2010, William Dunlap wrote: I'm having trouble grokking complex NaN's. This first set examples using complex(re=NaN,im=NaN) give what I expect > Re(complex(re=NaN, im=NaN)) [1] NaN > Im(complex(re=NaN, im=NaN)) [1] NaN > Arg(complex(re=NaN, im=NaN)) [1] NaN > Mod(complex(re=NaN, im=NaN)) [1] NaN > abs(complex(re=NaN, im=NaN)) [1] NaN and so do the following > Re(complex(re=1, im=NaN)) [1] 1 > Im(complex(re=1, im=NaN)) [1] NaN > Re(complex(re=NaN, im=1)) [1] NaN > Im(complex(re=NaN, im=1)) [1] 1 but I don't have a good mental model that explains why the following produce NA instead of NaN. Just a guess here: as.complex(sqrt(as.complex(-1))) [1] 0+1i as.complex(sqrt(-1)) [1] NA Warning message: In sqrt(-1) : NaNs produced It protects from assuming that the latter truly is not a number. Chuck > as.complex(NaN) [1] NA > Im(complex(modulus=NaN, argument=NaN)) [1] NA > Re(complex(modulus=NaN, argument=NaN)) [1] NA > Re(1i * NaN) [1] NA > Im(1i * NaN) [1] NA > Re(NaN + 1i) [1] NA > Im(NaN + 1i) [1] NA It may be that if as.complex(NaN), and its C equivalent, were changed to return complex(re=NaN,im=NaN) then the arithmetic examples would return NaN. Is there a better way for me to model how NaN's in complex numbers should work or is this a bug? While I was looking into this I noticed a bug in str(): > str(NA_complex_) Error in FUN(X[[1L]], ...) : subscript out of bounds Bill Dunlap Spotfire, TIBCO Software wdunlap tibco.com __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:cbe...@tajo.ucsd.edu UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] New version weighted mean differs from the old one (PR#14142)
This was PR#14032. Fixed in R.10.1. On Mon, 14 Dec 2009, huh...@dreamwiz.com wrote: Full_Name: Myung-Hoe Huh Version: 2.10 OS: Windows Submission from: (NULL) (116.120.84.194) New Version (2.10.0) weighted mean produces unreasonable result: see below. wt <- c(5, 5, 4, 1)/15 x <- c(3.7,3.3,3.5,2.8) x[4] <- NA (xm <- weighted.mean(x,wt,na.rm=T)) Outcome is (xm <- weighted.mean(x,wt,na.rm=T)) [1] 3.27 The number is obtained by treating x[4] <- 0 I think the old version(2.8.0)'s weighte mean is more reasonable. The old output was (xm <- weighted.mean(x,wt,na.rm=T)) [1] 3.5 The number si obtained ignoring the x[4], which is NA. __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:cbe...@tajo.ucsd.edu UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] split() is slow on data.frame (PR#14123)
On Wed, 9 Dec 2009, William Dunlap wrote:
Here are some differences between the current and proposed
split.data.frame.
Adding 'drop=FALSE' fixes this case. See in line correction below.
Chuck
d<-data.frame(Matrix=I(matrix(1:10, ncol=2)),
Named=c(one=1,two=2,three=3,four=4,five=5),
row.names=as.character(1001:1005))
group<-c("A","B","A","A","B")
split.data.frame(d,group)
$A
Matrix.1 Matrix.2 Named
100116 1
100338 3
100449 4
$B
Matrix.1 Matrix.2 Named
100227 2
10055 10 5
mysplit.data.frame(d,group) # lost row.names and 2nd column of Matrix
[1] "processing data.frame"
$A
Matrix Named
[1,] 1 1
[2,] 3 3
[3,] 4 4
$B
Matrix Named
[1,] 2 2
[2,] 5 5
Bill Dunlap
Spotfire, TIBCO Software
wdunlap tibco.com
-Original Message-
From: r-devel-boun...@r-project.org
[mailto:r-devel-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of
pengyu...@gmail.com
Sent: Wednesday, December 09, 2009 2:10 PM
To: r-de...@stat.math.ethz.ch
Cc: r-b...@r-project.org
Subject: [Rd] split() is slow on data.frame (PR#14123)
Please see the following code for the runtime comparison between
split() and mysplit.data.frame() (they do the same thing
semantically). mysplit.data.frame() is a fix of split() in term of
performance. Could somebody include this fix (with possible checking
for corner cases) in future version of R and let me know the inclusion
of the fix?
m=30
n=6
k=3
set.seed(0)
x=replicate(n,rnorm(m))
f=sample(1:k, size=m, replace=T)
mysplit.data.frame<-function(x,f) {
print('processing data.frame')
v=lapply(
1:dim(x)[[2]]
, function(i) {
split(x[,i],f)
Change to:
split(x[,i,drop=FALSE],f)
}
)
w=lapply(
seq(along=v[[1]])
, function(i) {
result=do.call(
cbind
, lapply(v,
function(vj) {
vj[[i]]
}
)
)
colnames(result)=colnames(x)
return(result)
}
)
names(w)=names(v[[1]])
return(w)
}
system.time(split(as.data.frame(x),f))
system.time(mysplit.data.frame(as.data.frame(x),f))
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Re: [Rd] R Usage Statistics
On Thu, 19 Nov 2009, Kevin R. Coombes wrote: Hi, I got the following comment from the reviewer of a paper (describing an algorithm implemented in R) that I submitted to BMC Bioinformatics: "Finally, which useful for exploratory work and some prototyping, neither R nor S-Plus are appropriate environments for deploying user applications that would receive much use." The reviewer needs to get out more... "Intel Capital has placed the number of R users at 1 million, and Revolution kicks the estimate all the way up to 2 million." from the New York Times Business Innovation Technology Blog http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/08/r-you-ready-for-r/ which follows up on this article http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/technology/business-computing/07program.html in their printed paper. Did the reviewer notice where that article said: "Companies as diverse as Google, Pfizer, Merck, Bank of America, the InterContinental Hotels Group and Shell use it." ??? Yeah, Google and those other companies just don't have much ken for muscular computing. ;-) Maybe you should retool in Visual Basic. HTH, Chuck I can certainly respond by pointing out that CRAN contains more than 2000 packages and Bioconductor contains more than 350. However, does anyone have statistics on how often R (and possibly some R packages) are downloaded, or on how many people actually use R? Thanks, Kevin __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:cbe...@tajo.ucsd.edu UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] 'is.integer' (PR#13671)
On Wed, 22 Apr 2009, hzambran.newsgro...@gmail.com wrote: Full_Name: Mauricio Version: 2.9.0 (2009-04-17) OS: i486-pc-linux-gnu Submission from: (NULL) (193.205.203.3) This is a very simple function that seems not to be working, according to the definition given by '?is.integer'. I checked in the Bug Tracking page at http://bugs.R-project.org/, but I didn't find any related message. The possible problem is: is.integer(1) [1] FALSE and 1 is obviously an integer value. Obvious? You must know something I do not, as the protagonist of Zen and the Art of Motorcylce Maintenance would have pointed out. And if you do then it is not really obvious. is.double(1) [1] TRUE 1L _is_ an integer. is.integer(1L) [1] TRUE So this is not a bug. Please see the FAQ for advise on not posting non-bugs. Chuck I would really appreciate if you could clarify if this is really a bug or not. Thanks in advance, Mauricio version _ platform i486-pc-linux-gnu arch i486 os linux-gnu system i486, linux-gnu status major 2 minor 9.0 year 2009 month 04 day17 svn rev48333 language R version.string R version 2.9.0 (2009-04-17) __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:cbe...@tajo.ucsd.edu UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] further notes on model.frame issue
On Mon, 19 Jan 2009, Terry Therneau wrote:
This is a follow-up on my note of Saturday. Let me start with two important
clarifications
- I think this would be a nice addition, but I've had exactly one use for it
in the 15+ years of developing the survival package.
- I have a work around for the current case.
Prioritize accordingly.
The ideal would be to change survexp as follows:
fit <- survexp( ~ gender, data=mydata, ratetable=survexp.us,
ratevar=list(sex=gender, year=enroll.dt, age=age*365.25))
The model statement says that I want separate curves by gender, and is similar
to other model statements.
The ratevar option gives the mapping between my variable names and the dimnames
of the survexp.us rate table. It wants age in days, enrollment date to be some
sort of date object, and sex to be a factor. Then the heading of the R code
would be
m <- match.call()
m <- m[c(1, match(names(m), c('data','formula','na.action', 'subset',
'weights', 'ratevar'), nomatch=0)
m[[1]] <- as.name('model.frame')
m <- eval.parent(m)
Maybe I am missing something. Why not do something like this?
ratetable <- cbind ## for illustration purposes
foo <- function(formula,ratevars,data,...){
m <- match.call()
mfun <- m$ratevars
mfun[[1]] <- as.name('ratetable')
m$ratevars <- NULL
frm <- eval(m$formula)
frm <- update(frm,as.formula( paste("~.+",deparse(substitute(mfun)
m$formula <- frm
m[[1]] <- as.name('model.frame')
m <- eval(m,parent.frame())
m ## to show that model frame obeys
}
dat <- data.frame(diag(4))
foo(~X1+X2,list(sex=X3,year=X4),dat)
HTH,
Chuck
That is, the variables enroll.dat and age are searched for in the data= arg.
This is like the start opion in glm, but a more complex result than a vector.
The model.frame function can't handle this. (Splus fails too, same spot, less
useful error message).
-
The current code uses
fit <- survexp(~ gender + ratetable(sex=gender, year=enroll.dt,
age=age*365.25),
data=mydata, ratetable=survexp.us)
The ratetable function creates a matrix with extra attributes. The matrix
contains as.numeric of the factors with the levels remembered as an extra
attribute, and also looks out for dates. So the result is like ns() in the eyes
of model.frame, and it works. But having to write gender twice on the rhs is
confusing to users.
Thanks in advance for any comments.
Terry Therneau
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Re: [Rd] issue with [[<-Call
On Thu, 25 Dec 2008, Terry Therneau wrote:
The following code works in Splus but not in R
coxph <- function(formula, data, weights, subset, na.action,
init, control, method= c("efron", "breslow", "exact"),
singular.ok =TRUE, robust=FALSE,
model=FALSE, x=FALSE, y=TRUE, ...) {
method <- match.arg(method)
Call <- match.call()
# create a call to model.frame() that contains the formula (required)
# and any other of the relevant optional arguments
# then evaluate it in the proper frame
temp <- call('model.frame', formula=formula)
for (i in c("data", "weights", "subset", "na.action")) #add optional args
if (!is.null(Call[[i]])) temp[[i]] <- Call[[i]]
if (is.R()) m <- eval(temp, parent.frame())
elsem <- eval(temp, sys.parent())
-
The problem is that the names ('data', 'weights', etc) do no propogate over
to temp, the new call object. It looks like an oversight in the replacement
method.
if (!is.null(Call[[i]])) temp[ i ] <- Call[[i]]
should do it in R at least.
HTH,
Chuck
Priority: low. I have other code forms that work in both dialets.
I created this when teaching an internal class on S programming; the goal
was to make what was happening as transparent as possible. If anyone has
something that they think is even better from a teaching point of view I'd
be delighted to see it.
Terry T.
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Re: [Rd] Bug in Version 2.80? (PR#13243)
On Mon, 3 Nov 2008, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi When I have a plot under Windows and want to save it as a ps or jpg using right click, the window for choosing the directory opens. But if I want to choose a directory R freezes. This happens on my XP notebook as well on my P x64 machine. Works OK for me: plot(1:10) ## right click on plot - navigate and save plot as eps ## or use file menu and do the same sessionInfo() R version 2.8.0 (2008-10-20) i386-pc-mingw32 locale: LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base This is on Windows Xp Home Edition SP 3, AMD Athlon 64 HTH, Chuck Renger ___ Renger van Nieuwkoop=20 Ecoplan - Thunstrasse 22=20 3005 Bern Switzerland=20 Tel. +41 31 356 61 61 Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] unlist change the ordered type
On Fri, 24 Oct 2008, Christophe Genolini wrote:
Hi the list,
unlist respect the all the atomic type except orderd (it change of ordered
into factor) :
### integer
class(unlist(list(1:5,1:3)))
#[1] "integer"
### numeric
class(unlist(list(1.2,3.5)))
#[1] "numeric"
### character
class(unlist(list("e","e")))
#[1] "character"
### factor
class(unlist(list(factor("e"),factor("e"
#[1] "factor"
### ordered
class(unlist(list(ordered("e"),ordered("e"
#[1] "factor"
Consider
unlist(list(ordered(1:2),ordered(letters[1:4])))
Since one cannot deduce what ordering should apply, the best that can be
done is to demote all arguments to factors.
This is the general case. Only in the special case in which all list
elements are of class 'ordered' and the levels attributes are the same
would this be sensible.
HTH,
Chuck
Christophe
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Re: [Rd] matching predictors and dummies
On Fri, 11 Jul 2008, Jeroen Ooms wrote: I am trying to make a little web interface for the lm() function. It calculates both anova F-tests and parameters and returns it in a nice table. However, I have a problem with matching the Anova predictors with the regression coefficients: For numeric predictors there is no problem: the coefficients have the same names as the predictors. However, when a factor IV is specified, lm() automatically converts this factor to dummy variables, which (of course) have different names than the orriginal predictor. The lm model that is returned contains a seperate parameter for every dummy variable. Then when you use anova(lm.model) the function seems to know which of the parameters are dummies of one and the same factor, and takes these together in the anova-test. The anova() function returns the variance explained by the orriginal factor, which are all dummies. It does not show the seperate dummy variables anymore. Of course, this is exactly what you want in an analysis of variance. My question is: where in the lm or glm object is stored which of the parameters are dummies of the same factor? The only thing i could think of was using lm.model$xlevels, however manipulating these names in the lm-model did not confuse anova() at all, so I guess there is a better way. See ?terms ?terms.object and run example( terms.object ) or something like terms( lm( Ozone ~ Temp + factor(Month), airquality ) ) An additional question is if it is possible to specify the names of the dummy variables that lm/glm creates when a factor is specified as IV? -- I'm guessing a custom contrast function would do this. Have a look at ?contrasts page( contr.treatment, 'print' ) Or just hack the names attribute of the relevant pieces in the object returned by lm/glm. You do know to use str(), right? HTH, Chuck View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/matching-predictors-and-dummies-tp18405023p18405023.html Sent from the R devel mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Suggestion: 20% speed up of which() with two-character mod
On Thu, 10 Jul 2008, Henrik Bengtsson wrote:
Hi,
by replacing 'll' with 'wh' in the source code for base::which() one
gets ~20% speed up for *named logical vectors*.
The amount of speedup depends on how sparse the TRUE values are.
When the proportion of TRUEs gets small the speedup is more than twofold
on my macbook. For high proportions of TRUE, the speedup is more like the
20% you cite.
HTH,
Chuck
CURRENT CODE:
which <- function(x, arr.ind = FALSE)
{
if(!is.logical(x))
stop("argument to 'which' is not logical")
wh <- seq_along(x)[ll <- x & !is.na(x)]
m <- length(wh)
dl <- dim(x)
if (is.null(dl) || !arr.ind) {
names(wh) <- names(x)[ll]
}
...
wh;
}
SUGGESTED CODE: (Remove 'll' and use 'wh')
which2 <- function(x, arr.ind = FALSE)
{
if(!is.logical(x))
stop("argument to 'which' is not logical")
wh <- seq_along(x)[x & !is.na(x)]
m <- length(wh)
dl <- dim(x)
if (is.null(dl) || !arr.ind) {
names(wh) <- names(x)[wh]
}
...
wh;
}
That's all.
BENCHMARKING:
# To measure both in same environment
which1 <- base::which;
environment(which1) <- globalenv(); # Needed?
N <- 1e6;
set.seed(0xbeef);
x <- sample(c(TRUE, FALSE), size=N, replace=TRUE);
names(x) <- seq_along(x);
B <- 10;
t1 <- system.time({ for (bb in 1:B) idxs1 <- which1(x); });
t2 <- system.time({ for (bb in 1:B) idxs2 <- which2(x); });
stopifnot(identical(idxs1, idxs2));
print(t1/t2);
# Fair benchmarking
t2 <- system.time({ for (bb in 1:B) idxs2 <- which2(x); });
t1 <- system.time({ for (bb in 1:B) idxs1 <- which1(x); });
print(t1/t2);
## usersystem elapsed
## 1.283186 1.052632 1.25
You get similar results if you put for loop outside the system.time()
call (and sum up the timings).
Cheers
Henrik
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Re: [Rd] zero variance in part of a glm (PR#11355)
e Pr(>|t|)=20=20=20= =20 (Intercept) -2.901e+00 5.251e-01-5.526 7.44e-06 *** antibiobcock 5.035e-01 6.737e-01 0.7470.461=20=20=20= =20 antibiocamp -4.058e-18 7.426e-01 -5.47e-181.000=20=20=20= =20 toxinCry1Ab 2.818e+00 5.747e-01 4.904 3.94e-05 *** toxinVip3A3.840e+00 5.857e-01 6.556 4.96e-07 *** antibiobcock:toxinCry1Ab 4.134e+00 1.352e+00 3.0570.005 **=20 antibiocamp:toxinCry1Ab -4.721e-01 8.153e-01-0.5790.567=20=20=20= =20 antibiobcock:toxinVip3A -2.868e-01 7.720e-01-0.3720.713=20=20=20= =20 antibiocamp:toxinVip3A2.748e-01 8.341e-01 0.3290.744=20=20=20= =20 --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1=20 =20 (Dispersion parameter for quasibinomial family taken to be 1.306703) =20 Null deviance: 506.602 on 35 degrees of freedom Residual deviance: 37.851 on 27 degrees of freedom AIC: NA =20 Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5 =20 # Now the standard errors are all well-behaved =20 =20 [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Great tool
On Sun, 20 Jan 2008, Gabor Grothendieck wrote: > I agree. Its incredibly useful. OK gentlemen, you have piqued my curiosity. Can you give an example or two of situations you encountered in which a codetools function was so helpful? Chuck > > On Jan 20, 2008 11:02 PM, Henrik Bengtsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Hi, >> >> I just have drop a note to say that the 'codetools' (and the part of R >> CMD check that use it) is a pleasure to use and saves me from hours of >> troubleshooting. Each time it finds something I am amazed how >> accurate it is. Thanks to Luke T. and everyone else involved in >> creating it. >> >> Cheers, >> >> Henrik >> >> __ >> R-devel@r-project.org mailing list >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel >> > > __________ > R-devel@r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] setdiff for data frames
On Mon, 10 Dec 2007, G. Jay Kerns wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I have been interested in setdiff() for data frames that operates
> row-wise. I looked in the documentation, mailing lists, etc., and
> didn't find exactly the right thing. Given data frames A, B with the
> same columns, the goal is to extract the rows that are in A, but not
> in B. Of course, one can usually do setdiff(rownames(A), rownames(B))
> but that is cheating. :-)
>
> I played around a little bit and came up with
>
> setdiff.data.frame = function(A, B){
> g <- function( y, B){
> any( apply(B, 1, FUN = function(x)
> identical(all.equal(x, y), TRUE) ) ) }
> unique( A[ !apply(A, 1, FUN = function(t) g(t, B) ), ] )
> }
>
> I am sure that somebody can do this a better/faster way... any ideas?
setdiff.data.frame <-
function(A,B) A[ !duplicated( rbind(B,A) )[ -seq_len(nrow(B))] , ]
This ignores rownames(A) which may not be what is wanted in every case.
HTH,
Chuck
> Any chance we could get a data.frame method for set.diff in future R
> versions? (The notion of "set" is somewhat ambiguous with respect to
> rows, columns, and entries in the data frame case.)
>
>
> Jay
>
>
> P.S. You can see what I'm looking for with
>
> A <- expand.grid( 1:3, 1:3 )
> B <- A[ 2:5, ]
> setdiff.data.frame(A,B)
>
>
>
>
>
> ***
> G. Jay Kerns, Ph.D.
> Assistant Professor / Statistics Coordinator
> Department of Mathematics & Statistics
> Youngstown State University
> Youngstown, OH 44555-0002 USA
> Office: 1035 Cushwa Hall
> Phone: (330) 941-3310 Office (voice mail)
> -3302 Department
> -3170 FAX
> E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> http://www.cc.ysu.edu/~gjkerns/
>
> __
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> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
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E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
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Re: [Rd] pt inaccurate when x is close to 0 (PR#9945)
> > Duncan Murdoch > > > > This happens for all values close to 0 where the cdf is >> evaluated. >> >> I am working on Windows XP, and I installed a precompiled binary version of >> R. >> The following information might also be useful: >> >> --- >>> sessionInfo() >> R version 2.5.1 (2007-06-27) >> i386-pc-mingw32 >> >> locale: >> LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United >> States.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United >> States.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 >> >> attached base packages: >> [1] "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods" >> "base" >> >>> version >> platform i386-pc-mingw32 >> arch i386 >> os mingw32 >> system i386, mingw32 >> status >> major 2 >> minor 5.1 >> year 2007 >> month 06 >> day27 >> svn rev42083 >> language R >> version.string R version 2.5.1 (2007-06-27) >> --- >> >> Is there a reason for this loss of accuracy, or am I missing something here? >> Thanks. >> >> __ >> R-devel@r-project.org mailing list >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > > __ > R-devel@r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Reciprocal Mill's Ratio
On Fri, 14 Sep 2007, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I believe that this may be more appropriate here in r-devel than in r-help. The normal hazard function, or reciprocal Mill's Ratio, may be obtained in R as dnorm(z)/(1 - pnorm(z)) or, better, as dnorm(z)/pnorm(-z) for small values of z. The latter formula breaks dowm numerically for me (running R 2.4.1 under Windows XP 5.1 SP 2) for values of z near 37.4 or greater. OK, mr <- function(z )dnorm( z )/ ( pnorm(z,lower=FALSE) ) mr.2 <- function(z) exp(dnorm( z, log=TRUE ) - (pnorm(z, lower=FALSE, log=TRUE ))) mr(seq(10,100,by=10)) # breaks before 40 [1] 10.09809 20.04975 30.03326 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN mr.2(seq(10,100,by=10)) #seems robust [1] 10.09809 20.04975 30.03326 40.02497 50.01998 60.01666 70.01428 80.01250 90.0 100.01000 mr.2(1e4) [1] 1 mr.2(1e5) [1] 9.97 mr.2(1e6) [1] 80.2 mr.2(1e7) [1] 9990923 mr.2(1e8) # Oh well! [1] 65659969 I guess you get large than 1e4, you should just use the asymptotic result. HTH, Chuck Looking at the pnorm documentation I see that it is based on Cody (1993) and thence, going one step further back, on Cody (1969). Consulting Cody (1969) I see that the algorithm for pnorm(z) [or actually erf(z)] is actually based on rational function approximations for the reciprocal Mill's ratio itself, as I rather expected. I wonder if anyone has dug out a function for the reciprocal Mill's ratio out of the pnorm() code? Anticipating the obvious response I don't believe that this would be one of the things I might be good at! Murray Jorgensen References Cody, W. D. (1993) Algorithm 715: SPECFUN A portable FORTRAN package of special function routines and test drivers. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 19, 2232. Cody, W. D. (1969) Rational Chebyshev Approximations for the Error Function Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 23, No. 107. (Jul., 1969), pp. 631-637. __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] installing packages (PR#9907)
On Wed, 12 Sep 2007, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Full_Name: Alexander Jerneck
> Version: 2.4.0 (2006-10-03)
> OS: Gentoo (2.6.17-custom kernel)
> Submission from: (NULL) (130.91.92.78)
>
>
> I had trouble installing R packages, either from inside R or from the
> commandline, with R complaining about not finding /usr/bin/pwd
> I have pwd in /bin/ so I created a symlink from /usr/bin/pwd to /bin/pwd and
> now
> I can install packages. I do not know where the original problem is however.
This is NOT A BUG.
Likely, you do not have /bin on your path. Check
Sys.getenv("PATH")
install.packages() works fine on all my Gentoo boxes with R installed as
per the instructions in
$R_HOME/doc/manual/R-admin.html
>
> __
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>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901
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Re: [Rd] [OT] How many useRs?
Ahem!
RSiteSearch("user base")
On Mon, 27 Aug 2007, Andy Bunn wrote:
> I figured the devel list would have people on it who might know the
> answer to this
>
>
>
> Is there a reliable (for some definition of reliable) estimate of how
> many people use R or have downloaded it? Say an order of magnitude
> estimate? I would like to mention this in the introduction to a paper
> I'm writing where I encourage R's use.
>
>
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
>
>
> -Andy
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
> ______
> R-devel@r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
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Re: [Rd] C vs. C++ as learning and development tool for R
On Sat, 20 Jan 2007, Roger Bivand wrote: > On Fri, 19 Jan 2007, Kimpel, Mark William wrote: > >> Thanks to all for your excellent suggestions. I think will I proceed [snip] Commenting on writing R packages with portable C/C++ code: > > [F]ollowing the guides to the letter gets you there like > marked stones across a marsh. Leaving the path usually gets you at best > neck deep in the mire, alternatively just bubbles. Fortune! [snip] Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Wish list
On Mon, 1 Jan 2007, Duncan Murdoch wrote: > A few comments thrown in, and some general comments at the bottom. > > On 1/1/2007 1:28 AM, Gabor Grothendieck wrote: >> This is my 2007 New Year wishlist for R features: >> >> 1. [deleted thru 12] >> 13. Make upper/lower case of simplify/SIMPLIFY consistent on all >> apply commands and add a simplify= arg to by. > > It would have been good not to introduce the inconsistency years ago, > but it's too late to change now. > Really? The consistency issue only concerns mapply, I think. How 'bout changing the formals of mapply to $FUN $... $MoreArgs NULL $SIMPLIFY simplify $USE.NAMES [1] TRUE $simplify [1] TRUE i.e. add simplify = TRUE and change SIMPLIFY's default to 'simplify' Then the default behavior is retained, specifying a value for either SIMPLIFY or simplify gives the desired behavior and SIMPLIFY takes precedence over simplify if both are given values. Not pretty, perhaps, but it does the job. I suppose this could get one into trouble if one of the ... args is named 'simplify', but I do not imagine that is a big deal. >> 14. [rest deleted] Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Fwd: [R] axis and times() problem
On Thu, 28 Dec 2006, Gabor Grothendieck wrote: > The axes do not intersect with this command. Is it a bug? > > plot(c(.51, .6), bty = "n", xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i") > > If I remove the bty = "n" then they do intersect. box() is making it look like the axes are different. Axis()/axis() is behaving the same way in both cases. > par(mfrow=c(1,2)) > plot(c(.51, .6), bty = "n", xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i") > box(lty=2) > plot(c(.51, .6), xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i") > axis(4,col=2) [...] Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] as.missing
On Tue, 24 Oct 2006, Duncan Murdoch wrote:
> On 10/24/2006 12:58 PM, Paul Gilbert wrote:
>> (I'm not sure if this is a request for a feature, or another instance
>> where a feature has eluded me for many years.)
>>
>> Often I have a function which calls other functions, and may often use
>> the default arguments to those functions, but needs the capability to
>> pass along non-default choices. I usually do this with some variation on
>>
>> foo <- function(x, foo2Args=NULL or a list(foo2defaults),
>> foo3Args=NULL or a list(foo3defaults))
>>
>> and then have logic to check for NULL, or use the list in combination
>> with do.call. It is also possible to do this with ..., but it always
>> seems a bit dangerous passing all the unnamed arguments along to all the
>> functions being called, especially when I always seem to be calling
>> functions that have similar arguments (maxit, eps, start, frequency, etc).
>>
>> It is a situation I have learned to live with, but one of my
>> co-maintainers just pointed out to me that there should be a good way to
>> do this in R. Perhaps there is something else I have missed all these
>> years? Is there a way to do this cleanly? It would be nice to have
>> something like
>>
>> foo <- function(x, foo2Args=as.missing(), foo3Args=as.missing())
>>
>> then the call to foo2 and foo3 could specify foo2Args and foo3Args, but
>> these would get treated as if they were missing, unless they are given
>> other values.
>
> I was going to say I couldn't see the difference between this and just
> declaring
>
> foo <- function(x, foo2Args, foo3Args)
>
> with no defaults. However, this little demo illustrates the point, I think:
>
> > g <- function(gnodef, gdef=1) {
> +if (missing(gnodef)) cat('gnodef is missing\n')
> +if (missing(gdef)) cat('gdef is missing\n')
> +cat('gdef is ',gdef,'\n')
> + }
> >
> > f <- function(fnodef, fdef) {
> +g(fnodef, fdef)
> + }
> >
> > g()
> gnodef is missing
> gdef is missing
> gdef is 1
> > f()
> gnodef is missing
> gdef is missing
> Error in cat("gdef is ", gdef, "\n") : argument "fdef" is missing, with
> no default
>
>
> What would be nice to be able to do is to have a simple way for f() to
> act just like g() does.
Is this what you want?
> f <- function(fnodef, fdef=NULL) {
+ g()}
> f()
gnodef is missing
gdef is missing
gdef is 1
>
>
> Duncan Murdoch
>
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>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717
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Re: [Rd] Changing function arguments
See
?body
?parse
?deparse
?gsub
> foo <- function(x) x+.1
> bar <- function(y) y+foo(x=1) + foo(x=2)
> bar(1)
[1] 4.2
> body(bar)
y + foo(x = 1) + foo(x = 2)
> body(bar) <- parse(text=gsub("x[ ]*=[ ]*([0-9])","x = 1 +
> \\1",deparse(body(bar
> bar(1)
[1] 6.2
> body(bar)
y + foo(x = 1 + 1) + foo(x = 1 + 2)
>
There are many, many ways to skin this cat.
The 'parse( text = ... )' is but one.
Operating on parsed objects without deparsing them is often
preferred.
On Sun, 22 Oct 2006, McGehee, Robert wrote:
> R-Developers,
> I'm looking for some help computing on the R language.
>
> I'm hoping to write a function that parses a language or expression
> object and returns another expression with all instances of certain
> argument of a given function altered. For instance, say I would like my
> function, myFun to take an expression and whenever the argument 'x'
> appears within the function FUN inside that expression, return an
> altered expression in which 'x' is incremented by one.
>
> Thus,
>> x <- expression(FUN(x = 0) + log(FUN(x = 3)))
>> myFun(x)
> [1] expression(FUN(x = 1) + log(FUN(x = 4)))
>
> Conceptually, it looks like I want to recursively break a language
> object into its component functions, search for FUN and increment one of
> its arguments ('x'), then reassemble and return the resulting
> expression. However, I haven't been able to come up with a clean way to
> do this. Suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks in advance,
> Robert
>
> Robert McGehee
> Quantitative Analyst
> Geode Capital Management, LLC
> 53 State Street, 5th Floor | Boston, MA | 02109
> Tel: 617/392-8396Fax:617/476-6389
> mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>
>
> This e-mail, and any attachments hereto, are intended for us...{{dropped}}
>
> __
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>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
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Re: [Rd] Extreme slowdown with named vectors. A bug?
Another example: > avec <- 1:55000 > names(avec) <- as.character(avec) > system.time(avec[names(avec)[1:39045]]) [1] 0.06 0.00 0.07 NA NA > system.time(avec[names(avec)[1:39046]]) [1] 23.89 0.00 23.94NANA > version _ platform i386-pc-mingw32 arch i386 os mingw32 system i386, mingw32 status major 2 minor 4.0 year 2006 month 10 day03 svn rev39566 language R version.string R version 2.4.0 (2006-10-03) FWIW, this example shows similar behavior on R-2.2.0 Linux. On Fri, 6 Oct 2006, Henrik Bengtsson wrote: > Tried the following with R --vanilla on the Rv2.4.0 release (see > details at the end). I think the script and its comments speaks for > itself, but the outcome is certainly not wanted. > [snip] Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] Wish: keep names in mapply() result
Gregor:
Works for me on 2.3.0:
> mapply(function(x,y,z) paste(y,z), letters,as.list(LETTERS),as.list(1:26))[
> 1:5 ]
a b c d e
"A 1" "B 2" "C 3" "D 4" "E 5"
> mapply(function(x,y,z) paste(x,y,z), letters,as.list(LETTERS),as.list(1:26))[
> 1:5 ]
a b c d e
"a A 1" "b B 2" "c C 3" "d D 4" "e E 5"
>
but this does not yield names:
> mapply(function(x,y,z) paste(x,y,z),
> as.list(letters),as.list(LETTERS),as.list(1:26))[ 1:5 ]
[1] "a A 1" "b B 2" "c C 3" "d D 4" "e E 5"
Perhaps the help page would be clearer if it said:
USE.NAMES: If the first ... argument is a character ***vector*** and the result
doesn't already have names, use it as the names
Chuck
On Thu, 31 Aug 2006, Gregor Gorjanc wrote:
> Hello!
>
> I have noticed that mapply() drops names in R 2.3.1 as well as in
> r-devel. Here is a simple example:
>
> l <- list(a=1, b=2)
> k <- list(1)
> mapply(FUN="+", l, k)
> [1] 2 3
> mapply(FUN="+", l, k, SIMPLIFY=FALSE)
> [[1]]
> [1] 2
>
> [[2]]
> [1] 3
>
> Help page does not indicate that this should happen. Argument USE.NAMES
> does not have any effect here as it used only in a bit special
> situation: "If the first ... argument is character and the result does
> not already have names, use it as the names." But result is always
> without names as shown above. Did I miss any peculiarities?
>
> This is not consistent with lapply, which keeps names i.e.
>
> lapply(l, "+", 1)
> $a
> [1] 2
>
> $b
> [1] 3
>
> I have attached and copied (at the end) patch proposal against SVN that
> adds names back to the result if x had it (only R as my C is ...). This
> way it would also be consistent with lapply. make check-all seems to be
> happy with changes. Now we get:
>
> mapply(FUN="+", l, k)
> a b
> 2 3
>
> mapply(FUN="+", l, k, SIMPLIFY=FALSE)
> $a
> [1] 2
>
> $b
> [1] 3
>
> And if we had "character" (with some variations) for first ... then:
>
> l <- list(a="1", b="2")
> mapply(FUN="paste", l, k)
>a b
> "1 1" "2 1"
>
> l <- list("1", "2")
> mapply(FUN="paste", l, k)
> [1] "1 1" "2 1"
>
> l <- c("1", "2")
> mapply(FUN="paste", l, k)
>1 2
> "1 1" "2 1"
>
> Index: src/library/base/R/mapply.R
> ===
> --- src/library/base/R/mapply.R (revision 39024)
> +++ src/library/base/R/mapply.R (working copy)
> @@ -3,8 +3,16 @@
> FUN <- match.fun(FUN)
> dots <- list(...)
>
> +if(!is.null(names(dots[[1]]))) {
> +isNamed <- TRUE
> +namesX <- names(dots[[1]])
> +} else {
> +isNamed <- FALSE
> +}
> +
> answer<-.Call("do_mapply", FUN, dots, MoreArgs, environment(),
> PACKAGE="base")
> +if(isNamed) names(answer) <- namesX
>
> if (USE.NAMES && length(dots) && is.character(dots[[1]]) &&
> is.null(names(answer))) names(answer) <- dots[[1]]
> @@ -47,4 +55,4 @@
> }
> formals(FUNV) <- formals(FUN)
> FUNV
> -}
> \ No newline at end of file
> +}
>
> --
> Lep pozdrav / With regards,
>Gregor Gorjanc
>
> --
> University of Ljubljana PhD student
> Biotechnical Faculty
> Zootechnical Department URI: http://www.bfro.uni-lj.si/MR/ggorjan
> Groblje 3 mail: gregor.gorjanc bfro.uni-lj.si
>
> SI-1230 Domzale tel: +386 (0)1 72 17 861
> Slovenia, Europefax: +386 (0)1 72 17 888
>
> --
> "One must learn by doing the thing; for though you think you know it,
> you have no certainty until you try." Sophocles ~ 450 B.C.
> --
>
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717
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Re: [Rd] Patch to allow negative argument in head() and tail()
On Wed, 19 Jul 2006, Martin Maechler wrote:
[most discussion of unix tail behavior deleted]
>
> I know that there is some "good" reason for the behavior of
> 'tail' in "Unix"
> { tail -3 === tail -n 3 and
>tail -3 === tail -n -3 }
>
> but of course, we can't be compatible here, because in S
> (and most reasonable languages :-)
> "3 == +3" and "3 != -3" !
>
Ahhh. But in R
quote( foo( +n ) ) != quote( foo( n ) )
so if one was determined to emulate GNU Coreutils tail's behavior it
***could*** be done by using match.call to recover the explicit '+' or
'-'.
But I shudder to think of the confusion that this approach might cause
when n is an expression whose value is negative.
Chuck
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717
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Re: [Rd] Undocumented features of 'browser' (and possible changes)
On Fri, 24 Mar 2006, Kevin Wright wrote:
> I often use browser() when debugging a function. After entering
> browser, I would find it very useful to be able to cut-and-paste a
> chunk of R code to the browser (or use ess-eval-region in Emacs). An
> inconvenience, however, is that both blank lines and comment lines
> will exit the browser.
Kevin,
This trick may help:
Browse[1]> { ### blank lines will be ignored
+
+
+
+ x+1
+ }
[1] 2
Browse[1]>
Maybe you want to write 'ess-eval-region-in-braces'.
[rest deleted]
Chuck
Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098
Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego
http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717
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Re: [Rd] unexpected '[<-.data.frame' result
On Wed, 26 Oct 2005, Peter Dalgaard wrote: > "Charles C. Berry" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > >> Is this a bug? >> >> If not, I am curious to know why '[<-.data.frame' was designed to yield >> a.frame$y != a.frame$z rather than refusing to carry out the operation at >> all. >> >>> a.frame <- data.frame( x=letters[1:5] ) >>> a.frame[ 2:5, "y" ] <- letters[2:5] >>> a.frame[[ "z" ]][ 2:5 ] <- letters[2:5] >>> a.frame >>xyz >> 1 ab >> 2 bcb >> 3 cdc >> 4 ded >> 5 e e > > It sure looks like a bug, and we're not even prototype-compatible: > [stuff deleted] > > Why would you expect the operation to be refused? > I was having trouble deciding if the use of "whole" in the Extract.data.frame help page was a warning against creating columns with only some entries present: "The replacement methods can be used to add whole column(s)..." [rest deleted] Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
[Rd] unexpected '[<-.data.frame' result
Is this a bug? If not, I am curious to know why '[<-.data.frame' was designed to yield a.frame$y != a.frame$z rather than refusing to carry out the operation at all. > a.frame <- data.frame( x=letters[1:5] ) > a.frame[ 2:5, "y" ] <- letters[2:5] > a.frame[[ "z" ]][ 2:5 ] <- letters[2:5] > a.frame xyz 1 ab 2 bcb 3 c d c 4 ded 5 e e Chuck Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
[Rd] md5sum for R-2.2.0-win32.exe ??
I get c1279b77fcccf40379f59a83523a440e *R-2.2.0-win32.exe but I see e8bdf765fe8013129045314c8e2605fd *rw2011.exe on several USA mirrors. I hope the latter is merely in need of a replacement and not an indication of a problem with the web sites. Chuck Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
Re: [Rd] calling fortran from C
Lapack.c is loaded with examples. Try $ cd $ grep "F77_CALL" ./src/modules/lapack/Lapack.c Did you see 5.6 Calling C from FORTRAN and vice versa in 'Writing R Extensions' ?? On Thu, 20 Oct 2005, James Bullard wrote: > > Hello, I had a question about calling some of R's fortran routines from C. > Specifically, I would like to call: dqrfit from some C code which will be > bundled as an R package. I was hoping someone knew of an example in some > of R's code which does something like this (any fortran call from R's C > would probably be a sufficient guide). So far I can only find locations > where R calls the Fortran directly, but this is not an option for me. > > Also, I am trying to gauge the overhead of making this call, does anyone > have any knowledge of whether there might be some non-trivial constant > time penalty on making such a call. > > Thanks in advance, Jim > > __ > R-devel@r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > Charles C. Berry(858) 534-2098 Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine E mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] UC San Diego http://biostat.ucsd.edu/~cberry/ La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0717 __ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
