Re: [R] generalized linear models
I think I need to restate the problem. If the test data is only a vector, then I am predicting one test sample. But the output from the predict result has the same length as the training set. And there is a warning message about this. Annie On Sat, Aug 8, 2009 at 2:52 PM, annie Zhang annie.zhang2...@gmail.comwrote: Hi, Milton, Thank you for the reply. I tried, but it seems the problem is the column name of the test data is not the same as the column name of the training data. I didn't give the column name, the system seemed do. How to chang here? Annie On Fri, Aug 7, 2009 at 7:52 PM, milton ruser milton.ru...@gmail.comwrote: Hi Annie, create a new data.frame with input variables having all predictors variables on it. after give a look at ?predict best wishes milton On Fri, Aug 7, 2009 at 8:19 PM, annie Zhang annie.zhang2...@gmail.comwrote: Hi, R users, I am trying to use glm to do logistic regression. I know generally when I have two covariates, say x1 and x2, then I do fit - glm(y~x1+x2,famliy='binomial') But now my covariates form a n*p matrix, say x, so actually each column is a covariate. So I think I should do fit - glm(y~x,family='binomial') Then I need to predict new data. How should I write the newdata? I tried several thing, all failed. The x in the fit is a matrix, but is a vector for the new data. Thank you, Annie [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmlhttp://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] linear model: Test difference between coefficients and given values (t.test?)
Thanks to somebody I got the hint to use offset for the purpose of validating if there's a difference between the intercept and slope of a model and some provided values for the coefficients intercept and slope. I read ?model.offset and I'm still struggling to use it for my purpose. If I understood the concepts correctly, offset can be used to define a known coefficient of a model, so therefore I could create two models based on the same data like my original one with an additional offset term (one model with intercept specified and one with the slope specified)? Sorry for troubling you: I struggling with the data analysis of my bachelor thesis and just want to compare the coefficients of my linear regression to published ones... a method often used I guess, but still I cannot find any appropriate documentations. Thanks, Katharina On Aug 8, 2009, Katharina May may.kathar...@googlemail.com wrote: Hi there, I've got a question which is really trivial for sure but still I have to ask as I'm not making any progress solving it by myself (please be patient with an undergraduate student): I've got a linear model (lm and lmer fitted with method=ML). Now I want to compare the coefficients (slope, intercept, not the random effects) of both models with a given value (e.g. intercept=0.5, slope=2) to see if the values estimated with the models are significantly different from the given values. I heard about t.test, but I'm sorry to say that I'm not quite understanding what I have to provide as arguments. I would be more than happy if somebody can point out an example similar to the comparison I have to do... Thanks, Katharina __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] linear model: Test difference between coefficients and given values (t.test?)
On Sat, 8 Aug 2009, Katharina May wrote: Thanks to somebody I got the hint to use offset for the purpose of validating if there's a difference between the intercept and slope of a model and some provided values for the coefficients intercept and slope. You could also use a Wald test for a linear hypothesis which does not require refitting of the data under the null hypothesis. Suppose you've got the regression fm - lm(dist ~ speed, data = cars) and then want to test the null hypothesis that (Intercept) = -10 speed = 4 Then you can do library(car) linear.hypothesis(fm, c((Intercept) = -10, speed = 4)) which will give you an ANOVA-like output. Conceptually, this approach should also be possible for models with random effects but I don't think that linear.hypothesis() works out of the box for this. Z I read ?model.offset and I'm still struggling to use it for my purpose. If I understood the concepts correctly, offset can be used to define a known coefficient of a model, so therefore I could create two models based on the same data like my original one with an additional offset term (one model with intercept specified and one with the slope specified)? Sorry for troubling you: I struggling with the data analysis of my bachelor thesis and just want to compare the coefficients of my linear regression to published ones... a method often used I guess, but still I cannot find any appropriate documentations. Thanks, Katharina On Aug 8, 2009, Katharina May may.kathar...@googlemail.com wrote: Hi there, I've got a question which is really trivial for sure but still I have to ask as I'm not making any progress solving it by myself (please be patient with an undergraduate student): I've got a linear model (lm and lmer fitted with method=ML). Now I want to compare the coefficients (slope, intercept, not the random effects) of both models with a given value (e.g. intercept=0.5, slope=2) to see if the values estimated with the models are significantly different from the given values. I heard about t.test, but I'm sorry to say that I'm not quite understanding what I have to provide as arguments. I would be more than happy if somebody can point out an example similar to the comparison I have to do... Thanks, Katharina __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] generalized linear models
annie Zhang wrote: Hi, Milton, Thank you for the reply. I tried, but it seems the problem is the column name of the test data is not the same as the column name of the training data. I didn't give the column name, the system seemed do. How to chang here? Annie On Fri, Aug 7, 2009 at 7:52 PM, milton ruser milton.ru...@gmail.com wrote: Hi Annie, create a new data.frame with input variables having all predictors variables on it. after give a look at ?predict best wishes milton On Fri, Aug 7, 2009 at 8:19 PM, annie Zhang annie.zhang2...@gmail.comwrote: Hi, R users, I am trying to use glm to do logistic regression. I know generally when I have two covariates, say x1 and x2, then I do fit - glm(y~x1+x2,famliy='binomial') But now my covariates form a n*p matrix, say x, so actually each column is a covariate. So I think I should do fit - glm(y~x,family='binomial') Then I need to predict new data. How should I write the newdata? I tried several thing, all failed. The x in the fit is a matrix, but is a vector for the new data. Thank you, Annie [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmlhttp://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. See: ?colnames Alain - Dr. Alain F. Zuur First author of: 1. Analysing Ecological Data (2007). Zuur, AF, Ieno, EN and Smith, GM. Springer. 680 p. 2. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. (2009). Zuur, AF, Ieno, EN, Walker, N, Saveliev, AA, and Smith, GM. Springer. 3. A Beginner's Guide to R (2009). Zuur, AF, Ieno, EN, Meesters, EHWG. Springer Statistical consultancy, courses, data analysis and software Highland Statistics Ltd. 6 Laverock road UK - AB41 6FN Newburgh Email: highs...@highstat.com URL: www.highstat.com -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/generalized-linear-models-tp24873759p24885065.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] binary operators that implement row and column sweeps of matrices by vectors
Submitted for perusal, comment, improvements, and/or critique.
The presentation is in 3 sections: motivation, code, and comment.
Motivation:
As a new-comer to R from matrix oriented Gauss and Mata, I miss the
tools for using a vector (and operator) to sweep across a matrix.
Here is how these work. If M is I rows by J columns, then one entry
corresponding to each row of M is provided any 1 by I (row) vector, R. This
can be swept down the columns with a result that is I rows, J columns with
entries {M[i,j] op R[i]) } where op can be any atomic binary operator including
comparisons, such as !=, or arithmetic operators, such as ^.
A J by 1 column vector can be applied analogously to sweep
through the rows.
It is natural to implement these as R op M and M op C where R, M,
and C conform as for matrix multiplication.
Following Gauss, an arguably analogous outer product is returned
when 2 vectors are equal length are submitted. Scalars are allowed. And so are
matrices with identical numbers of rows and numberrs of columns.
Code:
dop-function(ml,mr,op) {# inspired by Gauss dot op, more plainly
order sensitive
if (!is.matrix(ml))
print(Warning: in dop(), Left
arg will be coerced to matrix)
if (!is.matrix(mr))
print(Warning: in dop(), Right
arg will be coerced to matrix)
if (is.vector(ml) !
is.matrix(ml))ml-matrix(ml,nrow=1,ncol=length(ml))
#risky business, force
conversion of Left-hand vector
m.L-as.matrix(ml);m.R-as.matrix(mr);
#conserve old Left and Right objects for debug
I=nrow(m.L);J=ncol(m.L);K=nrow(m.R);L=ncol(m.R)
if ( I == K J==L) # standard element-wise
conformity for binary op
{return(mapply(op,m.L,m.R)); } else
# the elses are just for show since the ifs form a partition. Unless my
testing was mistaken, of course
if (!( I==1 | J==1 |K==1|L==1)) # reject if
no vector and not same size
{print( DOT op requires same
shapes or vector argument)
return(NA); }
else
if ( (I==1 J==1) | (K==1 L==1)) # at least
one arg is scalar, mapply works
{return(mapply(op,m.L,m.R));}
else
if (I==1 L==1 J==K)
#this and next mimic Gauss convention(s)
{return((matrix(outer(m.R,m.L,op),nrow=J,ncol=J )));} else # r1.*r2'
# n.b outer returns matrix but matrix() left in for clarity
if (J==1 K==1 I==L )
{return(matrix(outer(m.L,m.R,op),nrow=I,ncol=I ));}else # r1'.*r2
if (I==1 J==K) # m.L is row vec, hence sweep
columns
{return( (matrix(mapply(op,t(m.L),m.R),nrow=nrow(m.R),ncol=ncol(m.R;}else
if (J==K L==1) # m.R is col vec, hence sweep
rows
{
return(t(matrix(qq1-mapply(op,t(m.L),m.R),nrow=ncol(m.L),ncol=nrow(m.L;}else
print(c( conformity failure with I,J,K,L=
,paste(I,J,K,L)));return(NA)
}
#a further step is to implement the various binary operators using the %text%
convention.
# some construction tools
#set.of.ops-c(getGroupMembers(Compare),getGroupMembers(Arith))
#names.for.ops-as.array(c(
eq,gt,lt,ne,ge,le,plus,minus,x,exp,mod,dmod,div))
`%eq%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op= ==)
`%gt%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=)
`%lt%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=)
`%ne%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=!=)
`%ge%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op==)
`%le%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op==)
`%plus%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=+)
`%minus%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=-)
`%x%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=*)
`%exp%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=^)
`%mod%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=%%)
`%dmod%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=%/%)
`%div%`-function(x,y) dop(x,y,op=/)
Comments:
I have found these constructs very helpful in the past. One
illustration is using logical comparison for a vector of standards applied to
some set of variables.
There are many different ways to try to achieve these results in R.
I would love to hear if I have
Re: [R] binary operators that implement row and column sweeps of matrices by vectors
Steven Rytina wrote: Submitted for perusal, comment, improvements, and/or critique. The presentation is in 3 sections: motivation, code, and comment. Motivation: As a new-comer to R from matrix oriented Gauss and Mata, I miss the tools for using a vector (and operator) to ‘sweep’ across a matrix. And you have checked that this is not possible using sweep()?? -- O__ Peter Dalgaard Øster Farimagsgade 5, Entr.B c/ /'_ --- Dept. of Biostatistics PO Box 2099, 1014 Cph. K (*) \(*) -- University of Copenhagen Denmark Ph: (+45) 35327918 ~~ - (p.dalga...@biostat.ku.dk) FAX: (+45) 35327907 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] binary operators that implement row and column sweeps of matrices by vectors
- Original Message - From: Peter Dalgaard p.dalga...@biostat.ku.dk To: Steven Rytina, Prof. steven.ryt...@mcgill.ca Cc: r-help@r-project.org Sent: Sunday, August 09, 2009 6:35 AM Subject: Re: [R] binary operators that implement row and column sweeps of matrices by vectors Steven Rytina wrote: Submitted for perusal, comment, improvements, and/or critique. The presentation is in 3 sections: motivation, code, and comment. Motivation: As a new-comer to R from matrix oriented Gauss and Mata, I miss the tools for using a vector (and operator) to ‘sweep’ across a matrix. And you have checked that this is not possible using sweep()?? That was an initial possibility, to be sure. But what was left open was how to implement imposing an arbitrary vector of suitable length and how to implement strict conformability. My take is that once one has a 'wrapper' like mine that classifies the possibilities, there is no great difference in using mapply() as I did versus, say, sweep(). But perhaps that is in error?? On the other hand, it seems plausible that using sweep() might lead to insight into generalizations, like M dimensions swept by K. And while that would be cool it doesn't serve any practical purpose I know about. -- O__ Peter Dalgaard Øster Farimagsgade 5, Entr.B c/ /'_ --- Dept. of Biostatistics PO Box 2099, 1014 Cph. K (*) \(*) -- University of Copenhagen Denmark Ph: (+45) 35327918 ~~ - (p.dalga...@biostat.ku.dk) FAX: (+45) 35327907 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Select subset with specific distribution parameters.
Could you provide a reproducible example? On Thu, Aug 6, 2009 at 10:59 AM, sedm1000gdo...@mit.edu wrote: This may be a simple problem, but I am looking to select a subset of rows from a dataframe that will have the same parameters as all the rows in another dataframe. e.g. I have a 500 row dataframe with 20 columns. I want to select a subset of rows from a larger dataframe that match the distribution of values for one or more of the columns within the 500 row dataframe (i.e. within same range, but also having same mean/median and overall shape). By basic subsetting I can get a set with a similar approximate distribution to the 500 row dataset, but not highly similar, and this might be a problem for the analysis. Any help would be much appreciated, thanks. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Select-subset-with-specific-distribution-parameters.-tp24848201p24848201.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Stephen Sefick Let's not spend our time and resources thinking about things that are so little or so large that all they really do for us is puff us up and make us feel like gods. We are mammals, and have not exhausted the annoying little problems of being mammals. -K. Mullis __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] xtable, sweave and resizebox
Duncan,
Thanks a lot! it sorted out the problem. I was too worried about learning
how to use sweave that forgot to try other things :-)
Teysseyre, I saw this doc but my table was large in width like almost not
fitting the paper size..
Its better now but I wonder how to make better tables using xtable like for
example how to use a similar thing to \multirow..does anyone maybe have had
to do that before?
Thanks!
regards,
Welma.
2009/8/7 Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au
Hi Welma
Have you thought about working with latex commands rather than Sweave
1 reduce the space between the columns the default is 7
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
2 I frequently have wide tables so before the chunk
\begin{small}
Sweave commands
@
\end{small}
Its very late here ... and so to bed
Regards
Duncan Mackay
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
University of New England
ARMIDALE NSW 2351
At 21:03 7/08/2009, you wrote:
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-length: 686
does anyone know to rezize a table produzed by xtable? The size of my
table
is too big and I would like to resize it like using resizebox but it gives
an erros when I try using it
using it its fine
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='Número de transacções dos artigos frequentes e
infrequentes',label='tab:INEStats')
@
but the size is too big
so I try
echo=False,results=hide=
load('stats.Rdata')
library(xtable)
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='text',label='tab:Stats')
@
}
and it doesn t work anymore
any hints?
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] xtable, sweave and resizebox
latex() in the Hmisc package can group rows using rgroup= and n.group=
arguments.
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 9:08 AM, Welma Pereirawelma.pere...@gmail.com wrote:
Duncan,
Thanks a lot! it sorted out the problem. I was too worried about learning
how to use sweave that forgot to try other things :-)
Teysseyre, I saw this doc but my table was large in width like almost not
fitting the paper size..
Its better now but I wonder how to make better tables using xtable like for
example how to use a similar thing to \multirow..does anyone maybe have had
to do that before?
Thanks!
regards,
Welma.
2009/8/7 Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au
Hi Welma
Have you thought about working with latex commands rather than Sweave
1 reduce the space between the columns the default is 7
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
2 I frequently have wide tables so before the chunk
\begin{small}
Sweave commands
@
\end{small}
Its very late here ... and so to bed
Regards
Duncan Mackay
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
University of New England
ARMIDALE NSW 2351
At 21:03 7/08/2009, you wrote:
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-length: 686
does anyone know to rezize a table produzed by xtable? The size of my
table
is too big and I would like to resize it like using resizebox but it gives
an erros when I try using it
using it its fine
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='Número de transacções dos artigos frequentes e
infrequentes',label='tab:INEStats')
@
but the size is too big
so I try
echo=False,results=hide=
load('stats.Rdata')
library(xtable)
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='text',label='tab:Stats')
@
}
and it doesn t work anymore
any hints?
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] xtable, sweave and resizebox
Hi again,
one last annoying thing: how to deal with %, always when I use sweave to get
a latex document the % comes as a comment and I cannot have % in my tables,
how to sort out this annoying detail?
thanks!
Regards
Welma
2009/8/9 Gabor Grothendieck ggrothendi...@gmail.com
latex() in the Hmisc package can group rows using rgroup= and n.group=
arguments.
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 9:08 AM, Welma Pereirawelma.pere...@gmail.com
wrote:
Duncan,
Thanks a lot! it sorted out the problem. I was too worried about learning
how to use sweave that forgot to try other things :-)
Teysseyre, I saw this doc but my table was large in width like almost not
fitting the paper size..
Its better now but I wonder how to make better tables using xtable like
for
example how to use a similar thing to \multirow..does anyone maybe have
had
to do that before?
Thanks!
regards,
Welma.
2009/8/7 Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au
Hi Welma
Have you thought about working with latex commands rather than Sweave
1 reduce the space between the columns the default is 7
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
2 I frequently have wide tables so before the chunk
\begin{small}
Sweave commands
@
\end{small}
Its very late here ... and so to bed
Regards
Duncan Mackay
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
University of New England
ARMIDALE NSW 2351
At 21:03 7/08/2009, you wrote:
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-length: 686
does anyone know to rezize a table produzed by xtable? The size of my
table
is too big and I would like to resize it like using resizebox but it
gives
an erros when I try using it
using it its fine
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='Número de transacções dos artigos frequentes e
infrequentes',label='tab:INEStats')
@
but the size is too big
so I try
echo=False,results=hide=
load('stats.Rdata')
library(xtable)
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='text',label='tab:Stats')
@
}
and it doesn t work anymore
any hints?
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] xtable, sweave and resizebox
See the sanitize.* arguments to print.xtable.
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 10:16 AM, Welma Pereirawelma.pere...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi again,
one last annoying thing: how to deal with %, always when I use sweave to get
a latex document the % comes as a comment and I cannot have % in my tables,
how to sort out this annoying detail?
thanks!
Regards
Welma
2009/8/9 Gabor Grothendieck ggrothendi...@gmail.com
latex() in the Hmisc package can group rows using rgroup= and n.group=
arguments.
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 9:08 AM, Welma Pereirawelma.pere...@gmail.com
wrote:
Duncan,
Thanks a lot! it sorted out the problem. I was too worried about
learning
how to use sweave that forgot to try other things :-)
Teysseyre, I saw this doc but my table was large in width like almost
not
fitting the paper size..
Its better now but I wonder how to make better tables using xtable like
for
example how to use a similar thing to \multirow..does anyone maybe have
had
to do that before?
Thanks!
regards,
Welma.
2009/8/7 Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au
Hi Welma
Have you thought about working with latex commands rather than Sweave
1 reduce the space between the columns the default is 7
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
2 I frequently have wide tables so before the chunk
\begin{small}
Sweave commands
@
\end{small}
Its very late here ... and so to bed
Regards
Duncan Mackay
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
University of New England
ARMIDALE NSW 2351
At 21:03 7/08/2009, you wrote:
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-length: 686
does anyone know to rezize a table produzed by xtable? The size of my
table
is too big and I would like to resize it like using resizebox but it
gives
an erros when I try using it
using it its fine
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='Número de transacções dos artigos frequentes e
infrequentes',label='tab:INEStats')
@
but the size is too big
so I try
echo=False,results=hide=
load('stats.Rdata')
library(xtable)
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\SweaveOpts{echo=false}
results=tex=
xtable(stats0,caption='text',label='tab:Stats')
@
}
and it doesn t work anymore
any hints?
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] How do I plot a line followed by two forecast points?
Thank you but just fyi, the lines() and points() approach proposed by Jean earlier solved the problem. Thanks all once again. On Sat, Aug 8, 2009 at 7:49 PM, Felipe Carrillomazatlanmex...@yahoo.com wrote: Try this, it plots two points ahead based on the existing data of a month apart. # Sample dates xValues - seq.Date(as.Date(1990-01-31), to=as.Date(1992-12-31), by=month) # Sample y value yValues - seq(0.1, length=length(xValues)) mydf - data.frame(xValues,yValues);mydf mydf[,1] library(forecast) yValues - as.numeric(yValues) Ypredict - forecast(yValues,h=2,level=95) Xpredict - forecast(xValues,h=2,level=95);Xpredict yValues - as.numeric(Ypredict$mean) upper - as.numeric(Ypredict$upper) lower - as.numeric(Ypredict$lower) xValues - as.Date(Xpredict$mean) forecast - data.frame(yValues,upper,lower,xValues) forecast[1,4] - '1993-01-31';forecast[2,4] - '1993-02-28' forecast mydf$upper - mydf$yValues mydf$lower - mydf$yValues PredictedValues - rbind(mydf, forecast) library(ggplot2) predict2 - ggplot(PredictedValues,aes(xValues, yValues)) + geom_line(colour=red,size=2)# + geom_point(colour=pink) predict2 - predict2 + geom_smooth(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper),stat = identity,colour = pink, fill = lightgoldenrod) + geom_point(colour=goldenrod,size=3) predict2 - predict2 + geom_text(data=forecast,label=round(forecast$yValues,1),hjust=1.2,colour=blue,size=3) + geom_line(data=forecast,colour=green) + geom_point(data=forecast,colour=green,size=3.5) + opts(panel.background = theme_rect(fill = white)) + opts(panel.grid.minor = theme_blank()) + opts(panel.grid.major = theme_line(linetype = dotted,colour=grey89)) print(predict2) Felipe D. Carrillo Supervisory Fishery Biologist Department of the Interior US Fish Wildlife Service California, USA --- On Fri, 8/7/09, Clint Bowman cl...@ecy.wa.gov wrote: From: Clint Bowman cl...@ecy.wa.gov Subject: Re: [R] How do I plot a line followed by two forecast points? To: Jorgy Porgee jorgy.por...@gmail.com Cc: Jean V Adams jvad...@usgs.gov, r-help@r-project.org Date: Friday, August 7, 2009, 1:33 PM Because you know a priori the dates associated with your forecast points you could use the col= in the plot function to change colors for the last two points (may require some mathmatical gymnastics to specify the colors desired--I've set up a vector and created an index from either the x or y values to obtain the desired effect). Clint Bowman INTERNET: cl...@ecy.wa.gov Air Dispersion Modeler INTERNET: cl...@math.utah.edu Air Quality Program VOICE: (360) 407-6815 Department of Ecology FAX: (360) 407-7534 USPS: PO Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Parcels: 300 Desmond Drive, Lacey, WA 98503-1274 On Fri, 7 Aug 2009, Jorgy Porgee wrote: Hi Jean, Thank you for the reply. I do have the forecast points before I plot, the example below was just for illustration purposes..If I am to add the forecast points to one y-series data plot however, is there a way of highlighting them? This is essentially what I'm trying to do below by plotting 3 separate series on the same graph... Any help would be much appreciated.. Regards, George. In addition, I can't add the forecasts to the original series because I need On Fri, Aug 7, 2009 at 8:36 PM, Jean V Adamsjvad...@usgs.gov wrote: Just wait until after you have the forecasts before you create the plot. # Sample dates xValues - seq.Date(as.Date(1990-01-31), to=as.Date(1992-12-31), by=month) # Sample y value yValues - seq(0.1, length=length(xValues)) # Sample forecast one year from xValue's end point fcastDate - seq.Date(from=as.Date(xValues[length(xValues)]), length=2, by=year)[2] fcast - 20 # The second forecast fcastDate2 - seq.Date(from=as.Date(fcastDate), length=2, by=year)[2] fcast2 - 15 plot(xValues, yValues, type=n, xlim=range(c(xValues, fcastDate, fcastDate2)), ylim=range(c(yValues, fcast, fcast2))) lines(xValues, yValues) points(fcastDate, fcast, col=red) points(fcastDate2, fcast2, col=blue) Jean - From: Jorgy Porgee jorgy.porgee at gmail.com Subject: How do I plot a line followed by two forecast points? Newsgroups: gmane.comp.lang.r.general Date: 2009-08-07 15:17:52 GMT (2 hours and 55 minutes ago) Good day all, I'm trying to plot a continuous line plot, which is followed by two forecast points eg. one forecast point is 12 months out, and another 24 months out from the last date of the line plot. In my attempts so far, the second plot (the forecast points) is scaled against a new axis scale, thus the two plots are not directly comparable (I need the forecast points to be scaled according to the existing y axis). An example is pasted below. Any ideas on how to achieve this would be much appreciated.
[R] How '.' is used?
Hi, I know '.' is not a separator in R as in C++. I am wondering where it discusses the detailed usage of '.' in R. Can somebody point me a webpage, a manual or a book that discuss this? Regards, Peng __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How '.' is used?
On 09-Aug-09 16:06:52, Peng Yu wrote: Hi, I know '.' is not a separator in R as in C++. I am wondering where it discusses the detailed usage of '.' in R. Can somebody point me a webpage, a manual or a book that discuss this? Regards, Peng To the best of my knowledge, apart from its specific use as a separator between the integer and fractional parts of a number, . has no specific use in R, and you can, for instance, use it just as you would use an alphanumeric character in a name. For instance, you could do . - 1.2345 . # [1] 1.2345 . - function(x) x^2 .(12) # [1] 144 So, unless there is something I don't know about, there is hardly anything to discuss about the detailed usage of '.' in R! Ted. E-Mail: (Ted Harding) ted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk Fax-to-email: +44 (0)870 094 0861 Date: 09-Aug-09 Time: 17:32:54 -- XFMail -- __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How '.' is used?
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 11:32 AM, Ted Hardingted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk wrote: On 09-Aug-09 16:06:52, Peng Yu wrote: Hi, I know '.' is not a separator in R as in C++. I am wondering where it discusses the detailed usage of '.' in R. Can somebody point me a webpage, a manual or a book that discuss this? Regards, Peng To the best of my knowledge, apart from its specific use as a separator between the integer and fractional parts of a number, . has no specific use in R, and you can, for instance, use it just as you would use an alphanumeric character in a name. For instance, you could do . - 1.2345 . # [1] 1.2345 . - function(x) x^2 .(12) # [1] 144 So, unless there is something I don't know about, there is hardly anything to discuss about the detailed usage of '.' in R! The ',' character is one of the characters allowed in names, hence it can be used as you have suggested. There are (at least) two special usages of the '.' in names. Following the time-honoured Unix convention, names that begin with '.' are considered hidden names and not listed by ls() or objects() unless you set all.names = TRUE in the call. Because of this convention it is inadvisable to use names starting with '.' except when you wish to avoid potential name conflicts. The second special use of '.' in a name is in the construction of the names of S3 method functions. The method for generic function foo applied to class bar is named foo.bar. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] howto get the number of columns and column names of multiply data frames
Hi,
I' ve read in several files with measurements into R data frames(works
flawlessly). Each dataframe is named by the location of measurement and
contains hundreds of rows and about 50 columns like this
dataframe1.
date measurment_1 mesurement_n
1
2
3
..
..
..
n
For further processing I need to check whether or not ncol and colnames are
the same for all dataframes.
Also I need to add a new column to each dataframe with contain the name of the
dataframe, so that this column can be treated as factor in later processing
(after merging some seleted dataframes to one)
I tried out
for (i in 1:length(ls()){
print(ncol(ls()[i])
}
but this does not work because r returns a character for i and therefore
NULL as result.
Reading the output of ls() into a list also does not work.
How can I accomplish this task??
Best regards and thanks
Frank
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Re: [R] howto get the number of columns and column names of multiply data frames
Hi,
On Aug 9, 2009, at 11:29 AM, Frank Schäffer wrote:
Hi,
I' ve read in several files with measurements into R data frames(works
flawlessly). Each dataframe is named by the location of measurement
and
contains hundreds of rows and about 50 columns like this
dataframe1.
date measurment_1 mesurement_n
1
2
3
..
..
..
n
Just as an aside, it's somehow considered more R-idiomatic to store
all of these tables in a list (of tables) and access them as
mydata[[1]], mydata[[2]], ..., mydata[[n]]. Assuming the datafiles are
'filename.1.txt', 'filename.2.txt', etc. You might do this like so:
mydata - lapply(paste('filename', 1:n, 'txt', sep='.'), read.table,
header=TRUE, sep=...)
To test that all colnames are the same, you could do something like.
names1 - colnames(mydata[[1]])
all(sapply(2:n, function(dat) length(intersect(names1,
colnames(mydata[[n]]))) == length(names1)))
For further processing I need to check whether or not ncol and
colnames are
the same for all dataframes.
Also I need to add a new column to each dataframe with contain the
name of the
dataframe, so that this column can be treated as factor in later
processing
(after merging some seleted dataframes to one)
I tried out
for (i in 1:length(ls()){
print(ncol(ls()[i])
}
but this does not work because r returns a character for i and
therefore
NULL as result.
Reading the output of ls() into a list also does not work.
How can I accomplish this task??
If you still want to do it this way, see: ?get
for example:
for (varName in paste('dataframe', 1:n, sep='')) {
cat(colnames(get(varName)))
}
HTH,
-steve
--
Steve Lianoglou
Graduate Student: Computational Systems Biology
| Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
| Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Contact Info: http://cbio.mskcc.org/~lianos/contact
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Linking in R package documentation
I have two straightforward questions about linking in the man pages for R
packages:
First, is it possible to link from within parts of the documentation that are
not the \seealso section? For example, I would like to have something like:
\arguments{
\item{correlation}{an optional \code{corStruct} object describing the
within-group correlation structure; the available classes are given in
\link{\code{corClasses}}}
}
When the package is compiled, the word corClasses is blue and underlines, but
nothing happens when you click on it.
Second, how do I link to a function of the same name in another package? I
thought I could use something like:
\seealso{\code{\link[nlme]{ranef}}}
but that gives a Page Not Found.
Thank you in advance!
Rebecca
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How '.' is used?
On 09-Aug-09 16:53:32, Douglas Bates wrote: On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 11:32 AM, Ted Hardingted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk wrote: On 09-Aug-09 16:06:52, Peng Yu wrote: Hi, I know '.' is not a separator in R as in C++. I am wondering where it discusses the detailed usage of '.' in R. Can somebody point me a webpage, a manual or a book that discuss this? Regards, Peng To the best of my knowledge, apart from its specific use as a separator between the integer and fractional parts of a number, . has no specific use in R, and you can, for instance, use it just as you would use an alphanumeric character in a name. For instance, you could do _. - 1.2345 _. _# [1] 1.2345 _. - function(x) x^2 _.(12) _# [1] 144 So, unless there is something I don't know about, there is hardly anything to discuss about the detailed usage of '.' in R! The ',' character is one of the characters allowed in names, hence it can be used as you have suggested. There are (at least) two special usages of the '.' in names. Following the time-honoured Unix convention, names that begin with '.' are considered hidden names and not listed by ls() or objects() unless you set all.names = TRUE in the call. Because of this convention it is inadvisable to use names starting with '.' except when you wish to avoid potential name conflicts. The second special use of '.' in a name is in the construction of the names of S3 method functions. The method for generic function foo applied to class bar is named foo.bar. As in summary.glm, I suppose! However, this prompts a question. In the first place, the construction of summary.glm from summary and glm is, in the first instance, simply using . in its basic role as a permissible character in a name. Correct? Next -- and this is the real question -- how does R parse the name summary.glm? In my naivety, I simply suppose that it looks for an available function whose name is summary.glm in just the same way as it looks for stopifnot, or for that matter data.matrix which is not (as far as I know) a compound of a generic function data applied to a class matrix. Then . would not have a special (parseable) role in the name -- it is simply another letter. But when you do have such a function, like summary.glm, does R in fact parse it as summary then glm (i.e. look out for the generic function summary and then specialise it to handle glm). As I say, I suppose not. And, if not, then the special use of the character . is simply a programmer's convention for the construction of the name, and once the name exists the . does not have a special (parseable) significance for R. Just seeking clarification ... ! Thanks, Ted. E-Mail: (Ted Harding) ted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk Fax-to-email: +44 (0)870 094 0861 Date: 09-Aug-09 Time: 19:58:32 -- XFMail -- __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How '.' is used?
(Ted Harding) wrote: On 09-Aug-09 16:53:32, Douglas Bates wrote: On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 11:32 AM, Ted Hardingted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk wrote: On 09-Aug-09 16:06:52, Peng Yu wrote: Hi, I know '.' is not a separator in R as in C++. I am wondering where it discusses the detailed usage of '.' in R. Can somebody point me a webpage, a manual or a book that discuss this? Regards, Peng To the best of my knowledge, apart from its specific use as a separator between the integer and fractional parts of a number, . has no specific use in R, and you can, for instance, use it just as you would use an alphanumeric character in a name. For instance, you could do _. - 1.2345 _. _# [1] 1.2345 _. - function(x) x^2 _.(12) _# [1] 144 So, unless there is something I don't know about, there is hardly anything to discuss about the detailed usage of '.' in R! The ',' character is one of the characters allowed in names, hence it can be used as you have suggested. There are (at least) two special usages of the '.' in names. Following the time-honoured Unix convention, names that begin with '.' are considered hidden names and not listed by ls() or objects() unless you set all.names = TRUE in the call. Because of this convention it is inadvisable to use names starting with '.' except when you wish to avoid potential name conflicts. The second special use of '.' in a name is in the construction of the names of S3 method functions. The method for generic function foo applied to class bar is named foo.bar. As in summary.glm, I suppose! However, this prompts a question. In the first place, the construction of summary.glm from summary and glm is, in the first instance, simply using . in its basic role as a permissible character in a name. Correct? Correct. Next -- and this is the real question -- how does R parse the name summary.glm? In my naivety, I simply suppose that it looks for an available function whose name is summary.glm in just the same way as it looks for stopifnot, or for that matter data.matrix which is not (as far as I know) a compound of a generic function data applied to a class matrix. Then . would not have a special (parseable) role in the name -- it is simply another letter. It doesn't do anything special when parsing. The special sauce comes when the generic summary() function executes UseMethod(summary). At that point, we know the class of the object, and we know the name of the generic, so it goes looking for a summary.glm method. There are some subtleties to how it does that lookup (see the discussion in Writing R Extensions about NAMESPACES), but if you had a generic function calling UseMethod(data) and it was passed an object of class matrix, data.matrix() would be called, even though that doesn't make sense. This is a flaw in the S3 system, and one of the motivations for the development of the S4 system. Duncan Murdoch But when you do have such a function, like summary.glm, does R in fact parse it as summary then glm (i.e. look out for the generic function summary and then specialise it to handle glm). As I say, I suppose not. And, if not, then the special use of the character . is simply a programmer's convention for the construction of the name, and once the name exists the . does not have a special (parseable) significance for R. Just seeking clarification ... ! Thanks, Ted. E-Mail: (Ted Harding) ted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk Fax-to-email: +44 (0)870 094 0861 Date: 09-Aug-09 Time: 19:58:32 -- XFMail -- __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Linking in R package documentation
Rebecca Sela wrote:
I have two straightforward questions about linking in the man pages for R
packages:
First, is it possible to link from within parts of the documentation that are
not the \seealso section? For example, I would like to have something like:
\arguments{
\item{correlation}{an optional \code{corStruct} object describing the
within-group correlation structure; the available classes are given in
\link{\code{corClasses}}}
}
Yes, you can put \link anywhere. But you should put things in the other
order: \code{\link{corClasses}}, or the link won't work.
When the package is compiled, the word corClasses is blue and underlines, but nothing happens when you click on it.
Second, how do I link to a function of the same name in another package? I
thought I could use something like:
\seealso{\code{\link[nlme]{ranef}}}
but that gives a Page Not Found.
That's close. The trouble is that linking is slightly inconsistent in
how it goes across packages: you can't link to an alias ranef the way
you normally do, you need to link to the filename of the Rd file
containing that topic (in this case random.effects). The reason for
this is that in current R versions, all the links are built when the
package is installed, and it may be that the package you refer to will
be installed later: so R can't look up the alias yet. Hopefully we'll
be able to relax this and allow alias links in a near future version of
R, maybe even 2.10.0, because there are major changes happening to the
implementation of the help system. In at least HTML help, for example,
it's likely that the alias ranef will be resolved at the time you
click on the link. At that point R can determine if you have nlme
installed (which you almost certainly do), and look up the alias, to
find the help page to display.
Duncan Murdoch
Thank you in advance!
Rebecca
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Re: [R] How '.' is used?
On 09-Aug-09 19:31:47, Duncan Murdoch wrote: (Ted Harding) wrote: [...] Next -- and this is the real question -- how does R parse the name summary.glm? In my naivety, I simply suppose that it looks for an available function whose name is summary.glm in just the same way as it looks for stopifnot, or for that matter data.matrix which is not (as far as I know) a compound of a generic function data applied to a class matrix. Then . would not have a special (parseable) role in the name -- it is simply another letter. It doesn't do anything special when parsing. The special sauce comes when the generic summary() function executes UseMethod(summary). At that point, we know the class of the object, and we know the name of the generic, so it goes looking for a summary.glm method. There are some subtleties to how it does that lookup (see the discussion in Writing R Extensions about NAMESPACES), but if you had a generic function calling UseMethod(data) and it was passed an object of class matrix, data.matrix() would be called, even though that doesn't make sense. This is a flaw in the S3 system, and one of the motivations for the development of the S4 system. Many thanks, Duncan. I think that makes it clear! You've prompted me to read ?UseMethod': When a function calling 'UseMethod(fun)' is applied to an object with class attribute 'c(first, second)', the system searches for a function called 'fun.first' and, if it finds it, applies it to the object. If no such function is found a function called 'fun.second' is tried. If no class name produces a suitable function, the function 'fun.default' is used, if it exists, or an error results. which is pretty explicit that the role of the . is simply to construct a name for the system to look for. One learns ... Thanks. Ted. E-Mail: (Ted Harding) ted.hard...@manchester.ac.uk Fax-to-email: +44 (0)870 094 0861 Date: 09-Aug-09 Time: 21:22:23 -- XFMail -- __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] howto get the number of columns and column names of multiply data frames
## You can use get()
for ( i in 1:n) {
nm - paste('dataframe',i,sep='')
cat( ncol( get(nm)), 'columns in',nm,'\n') )
}
## or
nms - ls(pattern='dataframe')
for (nm in nms) cat( ncol(get(nm)) , 'columns in',nm,'\n') )
}
(Assuming I have balanced parantheses, that is --
my email software doesn't check that like Emacs
does!)
Storing the dataframes as elements of a list, as
Steve Lianoglou suggested, lets you avoid using
the get() function.
You could also use the count.fields() function to
check whether the files have the correct number
of columns even before you read the data it. Or
make a pass through the files reading in only the
first line as data, and comparing those as data
rather than as a names attribute of a dataframe.
-Don
At 5:29 PM +0200 8/9/09, Frank Schäffer wrote:
Hi,
I' ve read in several files with measurements into R data frames(works
flawlessly). Each dataframe is named by the location of measurement and
contains hundreds of rows and about 50 columns like this
dataframe1.
date measurment_1 mesurement_n
1
2
3
..
..
..
n
For further processing I need to check whether or not ncol and colnames are
the same for all dataframes.
Also I need to add a new column to each dataframe with contain the name of the
dataframe, so that this column can be treated as factor in later processing
(after merging some seleted dataframes to one)
I tried out
for (i in 1:length(ls()){
print(ncol(ls()[i])
}
but this does not work because r returns a character for i and therefore
NULL as result.
Reading the output of ls() into a list also does not work.
How can I accomplish this task??
Best regards and thanks
Frank
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://*stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://*www.*R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
--
--
Don MacQueen
Environmental Protection Department
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA, USA
925-423-1062
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] problem adding columns to matrix
Hi all, i purchased a copy of the book Morphometrics with R by Springer. at the end of each chapter there are exercises to train what you just read and (hope) learned... so i have this problem: Define a hypothetical data frame containing five measurments normally distributed(size,head,pectoral,area,weight) for four individuals (named ind1, ind2, etc). ADD A COLUMN corresponding to the factor sex with individual 1 2 being Males and 3 $ being Females. HERE IS HOW I PROCEDED, getting 2 problems 1) what are those warning messages i got when i generate the m matrix (the italian text stand for the numerical expression has 5 elements: just the first is used) 2) why when i use cbind to add the s factor wit M,M,F,F, (sexes) to the m matrix i get numerical values 1 2 instead of character values M F? -- procedure follows: a- rnorm(5, 20, 7) a [1] 27.32586 34.07330 21.11710 25.85710 22.68296 a [1] 27.32586 34.07330 21.11710 25.85710 22.68296 b- rnorm(5, 20, 7) d- rnorm(5, 20, 7) e- rnorm(5, 20, 7) m-matrix(a:e, 4,5) Warning messages: 1: In a:e : l'espressione numerica ha 5 elementi: solo il primo è utilizzato 2: In a:e : l'espressione numerica ha 5 elementi: solo il primo è utilizzato 3: In matrix(a:e, 4, 5) : data length [3] is not a sub-multiple or multiple of the number of rows [4] m [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [1,] 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 [2,] 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 [3,] 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 [4,] 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 m-as.data.frame(m) m V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 mode(m) [1] list colnames(m)-c(size,head,pectoral,area,weight) mode(m) [1] list m size head pectoral area weight 1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 rownames(m)-paste(ind, 1:4, sep=) m size head pectoral area weight ind1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 ind2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 ind3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 ind4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 s-factor(c(m,m,f,f)) s [1] m m f f Levels: f m cbind(m,s) size head pectoral area weight s ind1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 ind2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 2 ind3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 1 ind4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 1 -- Thanks in advance Fabio Murtas fabio.mur...@gmail.com Nothing in biology make sense if not in Evolution light __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] nearest neighbors
Hi, All, I am wondering if there is any package which can give the index of the k nearest neighbors. Thank you, Cindy [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] wget parameters
Hi,
Following an example I've received from Phil Spector, I am trying to get
a remote file by using download file.
The concerned remote server doesn't username and password passed with
the URL, thus this line fails...
download.file('http://username:passw...@xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02','RG02',method='wget')
I can get a free access file without any problem
download.file('http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample01?xpage=plain','RG01',method='wget')
But, of course, access to a protected one fails...
download.file('http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02?xpage=plain','RG02',method='wget')
*Wget does the trick *when executed from the comman line with the
following parameters...
wget --http-user=DummyDummy --http-password=dummy --auth-no-challenge
http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02?xpage=plain
Please, is it possible to pass these parameters to the method wget in
download.file?
Thank you for your help,
Ricardo
--
Ricardo Rodríguez
Your XEN ICT Team
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] wget parameters
Please, accept my apologies for keeping posting in HTML format! Solved!
Greetings,
Ricardo
[Ricardo Rodriguez] Your XEN ICT Team wrote:
Hi,
Following an example I've received from Phil Spector, I am trying to get
a remote file by using download file.
The concerned remote server doesn't username and password passed with
the URL, thus this line fails...
download.file('http://username:passw...@xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02','RG02',method='wget')
I can get a free access file without any problem
download.file('http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample01?xpage=plain','RG01',method='wget')
But, of course, access to a protected one fails...
download.file('http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02?xpage=plain','RG02',method='wget')
*Wget does the trick *when executed from the comman line with the
following parameters...
wget --http-user=DummyDummy --http-password=dummy --auth-no-challenge
http://xepecnet.environmentalchange.net/xwiki/bin/view/ICT/RGraphicSample02?xpage=plain
Please, is it possible to pass these parameters to the method wget in
download.file?
Thank you for your help,
Ricardo
__
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
--
Ricardo Rodríguez
Your XEN ICT Team
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] help with a loop (coefficients with lmList)
Hi R-helpers.
#I start with the reproducible example:
firm-c(rep(1,10),rep(2,10),rep(3,10),rep(4,10),rep(5,10))
year-c(rep(1998:2007,5))
industry-c(rep(1,20),rep(5,10),rep(7,10),rep(9,10))
X1-rnorm(50)
X2-rnorm(50,mean=0.5,sd=0.1)
Y-rnorm(50,mean=0,sd=0.5)
data-data.frame(firm, industry,year,X1,X2,Y)
data
#I need to calculate for all the industries the following
#coefficients and store it (lmList is from nlme package)
b1 - lmList(Y~X1+X2| year, na.action=na.omit, data,
subset=industry==1)
b2-summary(b1)
b3-as.data.frame(b2$coefficients)
b4-round(b3,3)
b4
#Instead of changing the industry in the subset I want to
do it at once, so Ive thinking in doing a loop. Before I
created an array to store my coefficients:
years-c(1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007)
industry-sort(unique(data$industry))
coef-c(Estimate.(Intercept),Std. Error.(Intercept),t
value.(Intercept), Pr(|t|).(Intercept), Estimate.X1,
Std. Error.X1,t value.X1, Pr(|t|).X1,
Estimate.X2, Std. Error.X2, t value.X2,
Pr(|t|).X2)
coefs-array(NaN,dim=c(10,12,4),dimnames=list(years,coef,industry))
coefs
#The loop that Ive tried was:
for (k in industry){
b1 - lmList(Y~X1+X2| year,
na.action=na.omit,data,subset=industry==k)
b2-summary(b1)
b3-as.data.frame(b2$coefficients)
b4-round(b3,3)
coefs[ , , k]-b4[ , ]
}
This doesn't work. The data in the reproducible example as
many NaN but I think this is not the problem. The problem
is the R language. Could anyone help me?
Thanks in advance,
Cecília (Universidade de Aveiro Portugal)
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Re: [R] nearest neighbors
Hi cindy, depends on your data type. It it is points, give a look at spatstat package. bests milton On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 5:03 PM, cindy Guo cindy.g...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, All, I am wondering if there is any package which can give the index of the k nearest neighbors. Thank you, Cindy [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmlhttp://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] help with a loop (coefficients with lmList)
Your data has 2 points per regression for each year in industry 1 and
only one point per regression for the other industries so one would
expect many NAs:
table(data[c(industry, year)])
year
industry 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
12222222222
51111111111
71111111111
91111111111
On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 6:45 PM, Cecilia Carmocecilia.ca...@ua.pt wrote:
Hi R-helpers.
#I start with the reproducible example:
firm-c(rep(1,10),rep(2,10),rep(3,10),rep(4,10),rep(5,10))
year-c(rep(1998:2007,5))
industry-c(rep(1,20),rep(5,10),rep(7,10),rep(9,10))
X1-rnorm(50)
X2-rnorm(50,mean=0.5,sd=0.1)
Y-rnorm(50,mean=0,sd=0.5)
data-data.frame(firm, industry,year,X1,X2,Y)
data
#I need to calculate for all the industries the following #coefficients and
store it (lmList is from nlme package)
b1 - lmList(Y~X1+X2| year, na.action=na.omit, data, subset=industry==1)
b2-summary(b1)
b3-as.data.frame(b2$coefficients)
b4-round(b3,3)
b4
#Instead of changing the industry in the subset I want to do it at once, so
I’ve thinking in doing a loop. Before I created an array to store my
coefficients:
years-c(1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007)
industry-sort(unique(data$industry))
coef-c(Estimate.(Intercept),Std. Error.(Intercept),t
value.(Intercept), Pr(|t|).(Intercept), Estimate.X1, Std.
Error.X1,t value.X1, Pr(|t|).X1, Estimate.X2, Std. Error.X2, t
value.X2, Pr(|t|).X2)
coefs-array(NaN,dim=c(10,12,4),dimnames=list(years,coef,industry))
coefs
#The loop that I’ve tried was:
for (k in industry){
b1 - lmList(Y~X1+X2| year,
na.action=na.omit,data,subset=industry==k)
b2-summary(b1)
b3-as.data.frame(b2$coefficients)
b4-round(b3,3)
coefs[ , , k]-b4[ , ]
}
This doesn't work. The data in the reproducible example as many NaN but I
think this is not the problem. The problem is the R language. Could anyone
help me?
Thanks in advance,
Cecília (Universidade de Aveiro – Portugal)
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Re: [R] Using system fonts in MacOS
Hi I don't have a Mac, but looking at the source, it seems that Times-Roman is the default serif family, so something like ... quartz(family=serif) ... might get you what you want(?) Paul Daniel J Farrell wrote: Dear r-help, I am using R for MacOS (R 2.9.1 GUI 1.28 Tiger build 32-bit (5444)) and would like to be able to use MacOS system fonts for the labels on my plots. So far I have been unsuccessful, to get this to work. Reading the help I found the quartz() and quartzFonts() commands. In an attempt to set the font family I have tried this, quartz(family=Times-Roman), and also this, quartz.options(family=Times-Roman). This opens a new Quartz window, but the labels are still in the default font, when I make a new plot. I have two question: (1) Why doesn't the quartz(family=Times-Roman) make the fonts change? (2) Is it possible to use any MacOS system fonts with R and the Quartz device window? Best regards, Daniel Farrell __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Dr Paul Murrell Department of Statistics The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand 64 9 3737599 x85392 p...@stat.auckland.ac.nz http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~paul/ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] problem adding columns to matrix
-Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Fabio Murtas Sent: Sunday, August 09, 2009 1:51 PM To: R-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] problem adding columns to matrix Hi all, i purchased a copy of the book Morphometrics with R by Springer. at the end of each chapter there are exercises to train what you just read and (hope) learned... so i have this problem: Define a hypothetical data frame containing five measurments normally distributed(size,head,pectoral,area,weight) for four individuals (named ind1, ind2, etc). ADD A COLUMN corresponding to the factor sex with individual 1 2 being Males and 3 $ being Females. HERE IS HOW I PROCEDED, getting 2 problems 1) what are those warning messages i got when i generate the m matrix (the italian text stand for the numerical expression has 5 elements: just the first is used) 2) why when i use cbind to add the s factor wit M,M,F,F, (sexes) to the m matrix i get numerical values 1 2 instead of character values M F? -- procedure follows: a- rnorm(5, 20, 7) a [1] 27.32586 34.07330 21.11710 25.85710 22.68296 a [1] 27.32586 34.07330 21.11710 25.85710 22.68296 b- rnorm(5, 20, 7) d- rnorm(5, 20, 7) e- rnorm(5, 20, 7) m-matrix(a:e, 4,5) Warning messages: 1: In a:e : l'espressione numerica ha 5 elementi: solo il primo è utilizzato 2: In a:e : l'espressione numerica ha 5 elementi: solo il primo è utilizzato 3: In matrix(a:e, 4, 5) : data length [3] is not a sub-multiple or multiple of the number of rows [4] m [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [1,] 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 [2,] 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 [3,] 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 [4,] 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 m-as.data.frame(m) m V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 mode(m) [1] list colnames(m)-c(size,head,pectoral,area,weight) mode(m) [1] list m size head pectoral area weight 1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 rownames(m)-paste(ind, 1:4, sep=) m size head pectoral area weight ind1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 ind2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 ind3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 ind4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 s-factor(c(m,m,f,f)) s [1] m m f f Levels: f m cbind(m,s) size head pectoral area weight s ind1 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 2 ind2 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 2 ind3 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 1 ind4 27.32586 28.32586 29.32586 27.32586 28.32586 1 -- Thanks in advance Fabio, For question 1, the warning message is telling you that m-matrix(a:e, 4,5) Is not doing what you think it is. The syntax a:e creates a sequence, but it is expecting a to be a single number, not a vector. So, it is telling you that it is only going to use the first value from vector a. Likewise, it will only use the first value of vector e for the end value. So effectively, you statement gets interpreted as m-matrix(a[1]:e[1], 4,5) Based on the random numbers you generated this created a sequence of length=3. You matrix was then created using just those 3 numbers (the first 3 numbers in the first column of your matrix) and recycled them as needed to fill out the matrix. You probably should have create the data frame directly, something like df - data.frame(rbind(a,b,d,e)) As for question 2, I don't know why you got the values 1,2 in your data frame. When I ran your R code, the data frame I ended up with had the values 'm', 'f'. The values 1,2 are the underlying numeric values of the factror you created, but why they showed up, I don't know. It could have to do with different versions of R, and or operating systems, etc., which you told us nothing about. I am using R-2.9.1 on Win XP Pro. Hope this is helpful, Dan Daniel Nordlund Bothell, WA USA __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] index of intersect()
Hi all, Is there a way to get the index of elements in intersect(x,y) where x and y are vectors with few common elements. Appreciate your response. Praveen Surendran. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] index of intersect()
Is this what you want: set.seed(1) x - sample(letters,15) y - sample(letters,15) z - intersect(x,y) # find index in x match(z, x) [1] 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 15 # index in y match(z,y) [1] 11 10 7 1 14 9 5 3 z [1] g u e m l c y x x [1] g j n u e s w m l b d c y v x y [1] m r x i y t e z c u g a f l q On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 8:04 PM, Praveen Surendranpraveen.surend...@ucd.ie wrote: Hi all, Is there a way to get the index of elements in intersect(x,y) where x and y are vectors with few common elements. Appreciate your response. Praveen Surendran. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Jim Holtman Cincinnati, OH +1 513 646 9390 What is the problem that you are trying to solve? __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Hmisc get.mdb on mac os x 10.5.7 problems
I have installed the Hmisc package and the mdb-tools package from
fink. It is in my it is installed in the /sw/bin as to fink. I have
looked at the code for get.mdb and called
system('mdb-tables /Users/sefick/Desktop/FTBragg_GeoDataBase_AuburnUNV.mdb')
and got this message
/bin/sh: mdb-tables: command not found
I can run mdb-tables from the command line- why can't I run it from
within R? This is probably a path issue, and I am not the brightest
star in this area.
thanks,
--
Stephen Sefick
Let's not spend our time and resources thinking about things that are
so little or so large that all they really do for us is puff us up and
make us feel like gods. We are mammals, and have not exhausted the
annoying little problems of being mammals.
-K. Mullis
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Re: [R] lattice: simultaneously control aspect outer whitespace
On 8/7/09, Jacob Wegelin jacob.wege...@gmail.com wrote: Suppose we wish to achieve the following three aims: (1) Control the aspect ratio of our plot (i.e., tweak this till it looks great) (2) Save the plot as a PDF with zero or minimal white space outside it. (3) Preserve this in code, so that in the future the exact same plot can be reproduced by simply sourcing the code. I can almost achieve (1) and (2) on my MacBook Pro by pointing and clicking, as follows: • Start with graphics.off(). • Generate the plot on the computer screen; then the outer margins are pretty thin by default. • Use the mouse to adjust the aspect ratio until it looks right. The fact that I pointed and clicked precludes (3). Once you have resized to a suitable size, use par(din) to find the current dimensions, and then use these as 'width' and 'height' arguments to pdf(). -Deepayan __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] multiple lty on same panel in xyplot
On 8/7/09, Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au wrote: Hi RUsers I like to keep the plots self contained and avoid changing the current device parameters by using the par.settings. To see what I could achieve by using par settings I tried the following and several variants but could not get black points. xyplot(yM + yF ~ x, panel = panel.superpose, type = c(l, p), distribute.type = TRUE, par.settings = list(superpose.line = list(lty = c(1,2), col = c(black,black)), superpose.points = list(pch = c(1,1), col = c(black,black)), 'superpose.points' should be 'superpose.symbol'. A convenient shortcut is par.settings = simpleTheme(col = black, lty = c(1, 2), pch = 1) Try str(simpleTheme(col = black, lty = c(1, 2), pch = 1)) to see what that does. -Deepayan plot.symbol = list(pch = c(1,1), col = c(black,black)) ), key = list(text = list(c(male, female)), lines = Rows(pset$superpose.line, 1:2), pch = 1, type = c(l, p))) What am I missing? Does the points reference refer to Grid settings? Regards __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] label X-Axis by abother variable in R plot
Hi, I would like to plot b, c in one plot, and use a as x-aix. How could I do that? Thanks a, b, c, 20, 2, 3 21, 4, 5 22, 1, 2 24, 3, 5 50, 3, 6 [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] multiple lty on same panel in xyplot
Hi Deepayan Thank you very much for pointing out my mistake. I had another go now with superpose.symbol and with several other combinations to see what could be done. All went well. Regards Duncan Mackay At 13:19 10/08/2009, you wrote: On 8/7/09, Duncan Mackay mac...@northnet.com.au wrote: Hi RUsers I like to keep the plots self contained and avoid changing the current device parameters by using the par.settings. To see what I could achieve by using par settings I tried the following and several variants but could not get black points. xyplot(yM + yF ~ x, panel = panel.superpose, type = c(l, p), distribute.type = TRUE, par.settings = list(superpose.line = list(lty = c(1,2), col = c(black,black)), superpose.points = list(pch = c(1,1), col = c(black,black)), 'superpose.points' should be 'superpose.symbol'. A convenient shortcut is par.settings = simpleTheme(col = black, lty = c(1, 2), pch = 1) Try str(simpleTheme(col = black, lty = c(1, 2), pch = 1)) to see what that does. -Deepayan plot.symbol = list(pch = c(1,1), col = c(black,black)) ), key = list(text = list(c(male, female)), lines = Rows(pset$superpose.line, 1:2), pch = 1, type = c(l, p))) What am I missing? Does the points reference refer to Grid settings? Regards __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] label X-Axis by abother variable in R plot
plot(b, c, xaxt=n) axis(1, at=b, labels=as.character(a)) On Sun, Aug 9, 2009 at 9:33 PM, Frank Zhangfrankyuzh...@yahoo.com wrote: Hi, I would like to plot b, c in one plot, and use a as x-aix. How could I do that? Thanks a, b, c, 20, 2, 3 21, 4, 5 22, 1, 2 24, 3, 5 50, 3, 6 [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
