Re: [R] aov and Error function
On 01/02/15 02:17, John Sorkin wrote: I am trying to understand the Error function and its use in ANOVA. In particular I want to understand the difference between two models that differ only with respect to the Error statement: aovsubj - aov(value~group+time+Error(subject),data=dataRMANOVA) and aovsubjgroup - aov(value~group+time+Error(subject/group),data=dataRMANOVA) You will note that in my data I have two subject identifiers, subject and subject2. I am also trying to trying to understand how I should identify subjects, within group (i.e. intervention vs. control) or within time (0=baseline, 1=post) Since no-one else seems to have answered you let me point out that your first formulation treats subject 1 in the int group as being the same as subject 1 in the cont group, and similarly for subject 2 and so on. The second formulation (subject nested within group) treats subject 1 in the int group as being *different* from subject 1 in the cont group. If you were using subject2 instead of subject there would (I *think*) be no difference between the two formulations. HTH cheers, Rolf Turner -- Rolf Turner Technical Editor ANZJS Department of Statistics University of Auckland Phone: +64-9-373-7599 ext. 88276 Home phone: +64-9-480-4619 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Melt and Rbind/Rbindlist
Hello Mr. Holtman,
Thank you very much for your reply and suggestion. This is what each Year's
data looks like;
tmp1 - structure(list(FIPS = c(1001L, 1003L, 1005L), X2026.01.01.1 =
c(285.5533142,
285.5533142, 286.2481079), X2026.01.01.2 = c(283.4977112, 283.4977112,
285.0860291), X2026.01.01.3 = c(281.9733887, 281.9733887, 284.1548767
), X2026.01.01.4 = c(280.0234985, 280.0234985, 282.6075745),
X2026.01.01.5 = c(278.7125854, 278.7125854, 281.2553711),
X2026.01.01.6 = c(278.5204773, 278.5204773, 280.6148071)), .Names =
c(FIPS,
X2026.01.01.1, X2026.01.01.2, X2026.01.01.3, X2026.01.01.4,
X2026.01.01.5, X2026.01.01.6), class = data.frame, row.names =
c(NA,
-3L))
The data is in 3-hour blocks for every day by US FIPS code from 2026-2045,
each year's data is in a difference csv. My goal is to to compute max, min,
and mean by week and month. I used the following code to assign week
numbers to the observations;
nweek - function(x, format=%Y-%m-%d, origin){
if(missing(origin)){
as.integer(format(strptime(x, format=format), %W))
}else{
x - as.Date(x, format=format)
o - as.Date(origin, format=format)
w - as.integer(format(strptime(x, format=format), %w))
2 + as.integer(x - o - w) %/% 7
}
}
Then the following;
for (i in filelist) {
nweek(tmp2$date)
}
for (i in filelist) {
nweek(dates, origin=2026-01-01)
}
for (i in filelist) {
wkn-nweek(tmp2$date)
}
Is this efficient? Thank you so much again. I really appreciate it.
Sincerely,
Shouro
On Sun, Feb 1, 2015 at 1:22 AM, jim holtman jholt...@gmail.com wrote:
It would have been nice if you had at least supplied a subset (~10 lines)
from a couple of files so we could see what the data looks like and test
out any solution. Since you are using 'data.table', you should probably
also use 'fread' for reading in the data. Here is a possible approach of
reading the data into a list and then creating a single, large data.table:
---
myDTs - lapply(filelist, function(.file) {
tmp1 - fread(.file, sep=,)
tmp2 - melt(tmp1, id=FIPS)
tmp2$year - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,2,5))
tmp2$month - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,7,8))
tmp2$day - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,10,11))
tmp2 # return value
})
bigDT - rbindlist(myDTs) # rbind all the data.tables together
# then you should be able to do:
mean.temp - bigDT[, list(temp.mean=lapply(.SD, mean),
by=c(FIPS,year,month), .SDcols=c(temp)]
Jim Holtman
Data Munger Guru
What is the problem that you are trying to solve?
Tell me what you want to do, not how you want to do it.
On Sat, Jan 31, 2015 at 5:57 PM, Shouro Dasgupta sho...@gmail.com wrote:
I have climate data for 20 years for US counties (FIPS) in csv format,
each
file represents one year of data. I have extracted the data and reshaped
the yearly data files using melt();
for (i in filelist) {
tmp1 - as.data.table(read.csv(i,header=T, sep=,))
tmp2 - melt(tmp1, id=FIPS)
tmp2$year - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,2,5))
tmp2$month - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,7,8))
tmp2$day - as.numeric(substr(tmp2$variable,10,11))
}
Should I *rbind *in the loop here as I have the memory?
So, the file (i) tmp2 looks like this:
FIPS temp year month date
1001 276.7936 2045 1 1/1/2045
1003 276.7936 2045 1 1/1/2045
1005 279.6452 2045 1 1/1/2045
1007 276.7936 2045 1 1/1/2045
1009 272.3748 2045 1 1/1/2045
1011 279.6452 2045 1 1/1/2045
My goal is calculate the mean by FIPS code by month/week, however, when I
use the following code, I get a NULL value.
mean.temp- for (i in filelist) {tmp2[, list(temp.mean=lapply(.SD, mean),
by=c(FIPS,year,month), .SDcols=c(temp)]}
This works fine for individual years but with *for (i in filelist)*. What
am I doing wrong? Can include a rbind/bindlist in the loop to make a big
data.frame? Any suggestions will be highly appreciated. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Shouro
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[R] Regression Overdispersion?
I am trying to use Poisson regression to model count data with four explanatory variables: ratio, ordinal, nominal and dichotomous – x1, x2, x3 and x4. After playing around with the input for a bit, I have formed – what I believe is – a series of badly fitting models probably due to overdispersion [1] - e.g. model=glm(y ~ x1 + x2,family=poisson(link=log),data=data1) - and I was looking for some general guidance/direction/help/approach to correcting this in R. [1] – I believe this as a. it’s, as I’m sure you’re aware, a possible reason for poor model fits; b.the following: tapply(data1$y,data$x2,function(x)c(mean=mean(x),variance=var(x))) seems to suggest that, whilst variance does appear to be some function of the mean, there is a consistently large difference between the two -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Regression-Overdispersion-tp4702611.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] How to enable https for R 3.1.2 on windows 8.1
I run the code below successfully on Mac and Ubuntu successfully. When I run on Windows, I get the results shown. How do I get the code to work on Windows? I've googled extensively with no success. Thanks in advance. require(twitteR) Loading required package: twitteR Loading required package: ROAuth Loading required package: RCurl Loading required package: bitops Loading required package: rjson cred - OAuthFactory $ new( consumerKey = my.key, consumerSecret = my.secret, requestURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ request_token', accessURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ access_token', authURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ authorize') cred$handshake(cainfo = C:/users/john/documents/twitter/cacert.pem) Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) : Protocol https not supported or disabled in libcurl [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to enable https for R 3.1.2 on windows 8.1
Honestly? Did you try rcurl https windows (without the quotes)? --- Jeff NewmillerThe . . Go Live... DCN:jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.usBasics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go... Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing Research Engineer (Solar/BatteriesO.O#. #.O#. with /Software/Embedded Controllers) .OO#. .OO#. rocks...1k --- Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity. On February 1, 2015 8:56:00 AM PST, John Kalb john.k...@gmail.com wrote: I run the code below successfully on Mac and Ubuntu successfully. When I run on Windows, I get the results shown. How do I get the code to work on Windows? I've googled extensively with no success. Thanks in advance. require(twitteR) Loading required package: twitteR Loading required package: ROAuth Loading required package: RCurl Loading required package: bitops Loading required package: rjson cred - OAuthFactory $ new( consumerKey = my.key, consumerSecret = my.secret, requestURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ request_token', accessURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ access_token', authURL =' https:// api.twitter.com/ oauth/ authorize') cred$handshake(cainfo = C:/users/john/documents/twitter/cacert.pem) Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) : Protocol https not supported or disabled in libcurl [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Is there a way to map data from Binary format to Numerical numbers?
Try indx - which(!!mat, arr.ind=TRUE) v1 -unname(sapply(split(indx[,2], indx[,1]),toString)) cat(paste(v1, collapse=\n), sep=\n) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 1, 8 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 1, 3, 5, 9 A.K. Hi, Is there a way to map data from Binary format to Numerical numbers? example: I have text files, where each record consists of several items (9 items) 1, means item appear 0, means item absent 1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1 1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1 1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1 1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1 I want transform my data to numerical numbers in ascending order, such that when items is absent, i didn't print it, but keep increase the counter. for example, the above binary format will be: , 1,2,3,6,7,8,9 1,2,3,6,8,9 1,3,4,6,7,8,9 1,8, 1,3,6,7,8,9 1,3,4,5,7,8 1,3,5,9 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Transform a list of multiple to a data.frame which I want
Dear all: I have a list like that,which is a standard str_locate_all() function (stringr package) output: $K start end $GSEGTCSCSSK start end [1,] 6 6 [2,] 8 8 $GFSTTCPAHVDDLTPEQVLDGDVNELMDVVLHHVPEAK start end [1,] 6 6 $LVECIGQELIFLLPNK start end [1,] 4 4 $NFK start end $HR start end $AYASLFR start end I want to transform this list like that: ID start.1 start.2 K NA NA GSEGTCSCSSK 6 8 GFSTTCPAHVDDLTPEQVLDGDVNELMDVVLHHVPEAK 6 NA LVECIGQELIFLLPNK 4 NA NFK NA NA HR NA NA AYASLFR NA NA I have already tried to use t() , lapply() but I think it is hard to handle the NA value and different rows in every matrix Thanks in advance __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Regression Overdispersion?
There are two straightforward ways of modelling overdispersion: 1) Use glm as in your example but specify family=quasipoisson. 2) Use glm.nb in the MASS package, which fits a negative binomial model. On 1 February 2015 at 16:26, JvanDyne e283...@trbvm.com wrote: I am trying to use Poisson regression to model count data with four explanatory variables: ratio, ordinal, nominal and dichotomous – x1, x2, x3 and x4. After playing around with the input for a bit, I have formed – what I believe is – a series of badly fitting models probably due to overdispersion [1] - e.g. model=glm(y ~ x1 + x2,family=poisson(link=log),data=data1) - and I was looking for some general guidance/direction/help/approach to correcting this in R. [1] – I believe this as a. it’s, as I’m sure you’re aware, a possible reason for poor model fits; b.the following: tapply(data1$y,data$x2,function(x)c(mean=mean(x),variance=var(x))) seems to suggest that, whilst variance does appear to be some function of the mean, there is a consistently large difference between the two -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Regression-Overdispersion-tp4702611.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] save program results and graphs to one file
Dear group, I have many plots and numeric results in my R program, kindly how can I save them all sequently on one file. thanks in advance RAI [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Regression Overdispersion?
A third, and often preferable, way is to add an observation-level random effect: library(lme4) data1$obs - factor(seq_len(nrow(data1))) model - glmer(y ~ x1 + x2 + (1 | obs), family=poisson(link=log), data=data1) See http://glmm.wikidot.com/faq and search for individual-level random effects. Cheers, Rune On 1 February 2015 at 19:55, David Barron dnbar...@gmail.com wrote: There are two straightforward ways of modelling overdispersion: 1) Use glm as in your example but specify family=quasipoisson. 2) Use glm.nb in the MASS package, which fits a negative binomial model. On 1 February 2015 at 16:26, JvanDyne e283...@trbvm.com wrote: I am trying to use Poisson regression to model count data with four explanatory variables: ratio, ordinal, nominal and dichotomous – x1, x2, x3 and x4. After playing around with the input for a bit, I have formed – what I believe is – a series of badly fitting models probably due to overdispersion [1] - e.g. model=glm(y ~ x1 + x2,family=poisson(link=log),data=data1) - and I was looking for some general guidance/direction/help/approach to correcting this in R. [1] – I believe this as a. it’s, as I’m sure you’re aware, a possible reason for poor model fits; b.the following: tapply(data1$y,data$x2,function(x)c(mean=mean(x),variance=var(x))) seems to suggest that, whilst variance does appear to be some function of the mean, there is a consistently large difference between the two -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Regression-Overdispersion-tp4702611.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] save program results and graphs to one file
But in addition to what Jeff noted, see ?save and ?save.image (noting that that the resulting .Rdata file can only be read by R). Cheers, Bert Bert Gunter Genentech Nonclinical Biostatistics (650) 467-7374 Data is not information. Information is not knowledge. And knowledge is certainly not wisdom. Clifford Stoll On Sun, Feb 1, 2015 at 12:26 PM, Jeff Newmiller jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.us wrote: In general this depends what you plan to do with those results. I suspect you are looking for something like knitr with rmarkdown (.Rmd files to create HTML or Word) or LaTeX (.Rnw files to create PDF). --- Jeff NewmillerThe . . Go Live... DCN:jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.usBasics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go... Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing Research Engineer (Solar/BatteriesO.O#. #.O#. with /Software/Embedded Controllers) .OO#. .OO#. rocks...1k --- Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity. On February 1, 2015 12:05:47 PM PST, Ragia Ibrahim ragi...@hotmail.com wrote: Dear group, I have many plots and numeric results in my R program, kindly how can I save them all sequently on one file. thanks in advance RAI [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] save program results and graphs to one file
If you're happy with outputting to a multi-page PDF, then you can just set the default graphics device to pdf(), i.e. options(device=pdf) and the start plotting: plot(1:10, col=0) plot(10:1, col=1) plot((1:10)^2, col=2) plot((10:1)^2, col=3) and at the end make sure to close the device: dev.off() (The PDF device was automatically opened with the first plot call - all other figures are appended to this one.) This is what happens implicitly when you run a script in a non-interactive session, e.g. Rscript -f myscript.R That is, in that case you don't have to set the 'device' options (it's done for you by default) and you don't have to close it at the end, because that is also done for you by default. /Henrik On Sun, Feb 1, 2015 at 2:53 PM, Bert Gunter gunter.ber...@gene.com wrote: But in addition to what Jeff noted, see ?save and ?save.image (noting that that the resulting .Rdata file can only be read by R). Cheers, Bert Bert Gunter Genentech Nonclinical Biostatistics (650) 467-7374 Data is not information. Information is not knowledge. And knowledge is certainly not wisdom. Clifford Stoll On Sun, Feb 1, 2015 at 12:26 PM, Jeff Newmiller jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.us wrote: In general this depends what you plan to do with those results. I suspect you are looking for something like knitr with rmarkdown (.Rmd files to create HTML or Word) or LaTeX (.Rnw files to create PDF). --- Jeff NewmillerThe . . Go Live... DCN:jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.usBasics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go... Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing Research Engineer (Solar/BatteriesO.O#. #.O#. with /Software/Embedded Controllers) .OO#. .OO#. rocks...1k --- Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity. On February 1, 2015 12:05:47 PM PST, Ragia Ibrahim ragi...@hotmail.com wrote: Dear group, I have many plots and numeric results in my R program, kindly how can I save them all sequently on one file. thanks in advance RAI [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] save program results and graphs to one file
In general this depends what you plan to do with those results. I suspect you are looking for something like knitr with rmarkdown (.Rmd files to create HTML or Word) or LaTeX (.Rnw files to create PDF). --- Jeff NewmillerThe . . Go Live... DCN:jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.usBasics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go... Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing Research Engineer (Solar/BatteriesO.O#. #.O#. with /Software/Embedded Controllers) .OO#. .OO#. rocks...1k --- Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity. On February 1, 2015 12:05:47 PM PST, Ragia Ibrahim ragi...@hotmail.com wrote: Dear group, I have many plots and numeric results in my R program, kindly how can I save them all sequently on one file. thanks in advance RAI [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Regression Overdispersion?
On Feb 1, 2015, at 8:26 AM, JvanDyne wrote: I am trying to use Poisson regression to model count data with four explanatory variables: ratio, ordinal, nominal and dichotomous – x1, x2, x3 and x4. After playing around with the input for a bit, I have formed – what I believe is – a series of badly fitting models probably due to overdispersion [1] - e.g. model=glm(y ~ x1 + x2,family=poisson(link=log),data=data1) - and I was looking for some general guidance/direction/help/approach to correcting this in R. [1] – I believe this as a. it’s, as I’m sure you’re aware, a possible reason for poor model fits; b.the following: tapply(data1$y,data$x2,function(x)c(mean=mean(x),variance=var(x))) seems to suggest that, whilst variance does appear to be some function of the mean, there is a consistently large difference between the two This is possibly an interesting question, but at the moment it is both off-topic on R and probably deserving of a book chapter as an answer. There are simply no specifics. One place where it would be on-topic and if tightened up with a specific example might prompt interesting and useful answers from a knowledgeable audience would be http://CrossValidated.com . Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. The Nabble archive of R-help is neither an archive of any sort since they arbitraily delte postings and not is most certainly not the Rhelp archive. Maybe if I unquote this four line message, then Nabble users will see it, although usually it get s trimmed: R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- David Winsemius Alameda, CA, USA __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] the less-than-minus gotcha
I've got to remember to use more spaces. Here's the basic problem: These are the same: v 1 v1 But these are extremely different: v -1 v-1 This mistake can get you even inside of a function call like this: v - -2:2 which( v1 ) [1] 1 2 3 which( v-1 ) # oops, I meant v -1 not v-1 a HUGE mistake! Error in which(v - 1) : argument to 'which' is not logical v [1] 1 It throws an error but not because I just destroyed my data. R has no way of knowing that I didn't intend to overwrite the vector. This was how it got me: which( frame$var4 ) # no problem which( frame$var-4 ) # huge problem: frame$var is destroyed Too late now: The data in frame$var were all overwritten with 4s. So the data are lost and might not be recoverable. Maybe the tactic that will save me in the future is to remember to always use plenty of spaces: which( frame$var 4 ) which( frame$var -4 ) That also makes the code easier to read. In a script, I probably would have done that, but in an interactive session I can be lazy. It seems that there are a lot of R gotcha pages on the web but quite a few of the examples show R behaving exactly like I would want and expect (e.g., of course NA + 5 returns NA)... https://github.com/mikelove/r-gotchas/blob/master/README.md http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1535021/whats-the-biggest-r-gotcha-youve-run-across http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/Main/LinuxWorkshopRProgramingTipsAndGotchas http://tim-smith.us/arrgh/ I didn't happen to see my example on any list, but I didn't read them thoroughly, so it's probably there. Mike __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] the less-than-minus gotcha
Using = has it's problems too. For example, print(fit - lm(...)) Assigns the result of the lm call to fit and prints the results. This is quite a useful trick actually. print(fit = lm(...)) Throws an error. Moral of story, computers do what you tell them, not what you meant. Kevin On 02/01/2015 08:26 PM, Steve Taylor wrote: All the more reason to use = instead of - -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Ben Bolker Sent: Monday, 2 February 2015 2:07p To: r-h...@stat.math.ethz.ch Subject: Re: [R] the less-than-minus gotcha Mike Miller mbmiller+l at gmail.com writes: I've got to remember to use more spaces. Here's the basic problem: These are the same: v 1 v1 But these are extremely different: v -1 v-1 This is indeed documented, in passing, in one of the pages you listed: http://tim-smith.us/arrgh/syntax.html Whitespace is meaningless, unless it isn't. Some parsing ambiguities are resolved by considering whitespace around operators. See and despair: x-y (assignment) is parsed differently than x -y (comparison)! -- Kevin E. Thorpe Head of Biostatistics, Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Assistant Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto email: kevin.tho...@utoronto.ca Tel: 416.864.5776 Fax: 416.864.3016 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] the less-than-minus gotcha
Mike Miller mbmiller+l at gmail.com writes: I've got to remember to use more spaces. Here's the basic problem: These are the same: v 1 v1 But these are extremely different: v -1 v-1 This is indeed documented, in passing, in one of the pages you listed: http://tim-smith.us/arrgh/syntax.html Whitespace is meaningless, unless it isn't. Some parsing ambiguities are resolved by considering whitespace around operators. See and despair: x-y (assignment) is parsed differently than x -y (comparison)! __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] the less-than-minus gotcha
All the more reason to use = instead of - -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Ben Bolker Sent: Monday, 2 February 2015 2:07p To: r-h...@stat.math.ethz.ch Subject: Re: [R] the less-than-minus gotcha Mike Miller mbmiller+l at gmail.com writes: I've got to remember to use more spaces. Here's the basic problem: These are the same: v 1 v1 But these are extremely different: v -1 v-1 This is indeed documented, in passing, in one of the pages you listed: http://tim-smith.us/arrgh/syntax.html Whitespace is meaningless, unless it isn't. Some parsing ambiguities are resolved by considering whitespace around operators. See and despair: x-y (assignment) is parsed differently than x -y (comparison)! __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Boundaries and deldir
Just what is meant by dummy points as referred to by the help for the deldir() function? I understood they indicated the boundary beyond which triangulation would cease. I thought I would need the x/y elements (as described in the help file at the end of the description of the use of the dpl argument) to describe ad hoc dummy points as way to define a polygon or two as a boundary. However, it gives this error: Error in xd[-drop] : only 0's may be mixed with negative subscripts Something internal is doing the negative subscripting. I tried ndx/ndy instead of x/y but it evidently refers only to a rectangle so not what I need. Am I barking up the wrong tree altogether? Is the boundary defined somewhere else entirely? I need to get that clear before I am able to provide useful example code. TIA Patrick __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Repeat elements of character vector
Hi Just a warning. Do you intend it for naming some objects. If yes do not do it, use list instead. If not, just discard my comment. Cheers Petr -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Knut Hansen Sent: Friday, January 30, 2015 2:34 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Repeat elements of character vector I have a vector of several character elements: v1 - c(a, b, c) I want each of these elements to be repeated n times and the number of the repetition added as part of the element text, hence rep() will not work. For n=3 the result would be: v2 - c(a_1, a_2, a_3, b_1, b_2, b_3, c_1, c_2, c_3) Knut Hansen knut.han...@uit.no __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. Tento e-mail a jakékoliv k němu připojené dokumenty jsou důvěrné a jsou určeny pouze jeho adresátům. Jestliže jste obdržel(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskavě neprodleně jeho odesílatele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s přílohami a jeho kopie vymažte ze svého systému. Nejste-li zamýšleným adresátem tohoto emailu, nejste oprávněni tento email jakkoliv užívat, rozšiřovat, kopírovat či zveřejňovat. Odesílatel e-mailu neodpovídá za eventuální škodu způsobenou modifikacemi či zpožděním přenosu e-mailu. V případě, že je tento e-mail součástí obchodního jednání: - vyhrazuje si odesílatel právo ukončit kdykoliv jednání o uzavření smlouvy, a to z jakéhokoliv důvodu i bez uvedení důvodu. - a obsahuje-li nabídku, je adresát oprávněn nabídku bezodkladně přijmout; Odesílatel tohoto e-mailu (nabídky) vylučuje přijetí nabídky ze strany příjemce s dodatkem či odchylkou. - trvá odesílatel na tom, že příslušná smlouva je uzavřena teprve výslovným dosažením shody na všech jejích náležitostech. - odesílatel tohoto emailu informuje, že není oprávněn uzavírat za společnost žádné smlouvy s výjimkou případů, kdy k tomu byl písemně zmocněn nebo písemně pověřen a takové pověření nebo plná moc byly adresátovi tohoto emailu případně osobě, kterou adresát zastupuje, předloženy nebo jejich existence je adresátovi či osobě jím zastoupené známá. This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are intended only for its intended recipients. If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its copies from your system. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the email. In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any amendment or variation. - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
