[R] Identifying columns with specific character
Hello, I have a data frame with 400 columns and wanted to filter character columns with "$" in it.For example: > x <- c("$5", "$89", "$10", "$34") > y <- c(1:4)> My.Data <- data.frame (x,y)> My.Data x y1 $5 12 $89 23 $10 34 $34 4 I want to detect the columns with $ and remove the $ from the selected columns.I have tried apply(My.Data, 2, function (x) any(grepl("$", x))) but it's not really working.Or: apply(My.Data, 2, function(x){x<-gsub("\\$", "", x)}) works but it turns all the columns to a factor. Thanks. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Fw: passing different sample sizes
Hi, I have the below function which returns confidence intervals. I wanted to pass different sample sizes through the function, but for some reason it's not working. n <- seq(from=40, to=300, by=2o) I was also wondering how I can return a plot for different sample sizes. plot(m~d, main="n(i)") Any help or suggestion is appreciated. f<-function(n){ m = runif(n,50,200) d = rnorm(n,0,1) ci.u<-mean(d)+1.96*sd(d) ci.l<-mean(d)-1.96*sd(d) ci.w<-ci.u-ci.l se=sd(d)/sqrt(n) w.ci.uu<-ci.u+(qt(.975, df=n-1))*1.71*se w.ci.ul<-ci.u-(qt(.975, df=n-1))*1.71*se w.ci.upper<-w.ci.uu- w.ci.ul w.ci.lu<-ci.l+(qt(.975, df=n-1))*1.71*se w.ci.ll<-ci.l-(qt(.975, df=n-1))*1.71*se w.ci.lower<-w.ci.lu- w.ci.ll res<-as.data.frame(cbind(n, ci.u, ci.l, ci.w, w.ci.upper, w.ci.lower)) return(res)} Best,Nooshi [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Different date formats in one column
Thanks Jeff. This is a nice way of solving this problem. What about the cases with 0015-02-21?Many thanks. Best,Farnoosh On Wednesday, June 28, 2017 10:49 PM, Jeff Newmiller wrote: I doubt your actual file looks like the mess that made it to my email software (below) because you posted HTML-format email. Read the Posting Guide, and in particular figure out how to send plain text email. You might try the "anytime" contributed package, though I suspect it too will choke on your mess. Otherwise, that will pretty much leave only a brute-force series of regular expression tests to recognize which date format patterns you have, and even that may not be able to get them all right unless you know something that limits the range of possible formats. Below is an example of how this can be done. There are many tutorials on the internet that describe regular expressions... they are not unique to R. #- dta <- read.table( text= "DtStr 020917 2/22/17 May-2-2015 May-12-15 ", header=TRUE, as.is=TRUE ) dta$Dt <- as.Date( NA ) idx <- grepl( "^(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)-[0-9]+-[0-9]{4}$", dta$DtStr, perl=TRUE, ignore.case = TRUE ) dta$Dt[ idx ] <- as.Date( dta$DtStr[ idx ], format="%B-%d-%Y" ) idx <- grepl( "^(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)-[0-9]+-[0-9]{2}$", dta$DtStr, perl=TRUE, ignore.case = TRUE ) dta$Dt[ idx ] <- as.Date( dta$DtStr[ idx ], format="%B-%d-%y" ) idx <- grepl( "^(0[1-9]|1[0-2])[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}$", dta$DtStr, perl=TRUE ) dta$Dt[ idx ] <- as.Date( dta$DtStr[ idx ], format="%m%d%y" ) idx <- grepl( "^([1-9]|1[0-2])/[0-9]{1,2}/[0-9]{2}$", dta$DtStr, perl=TRUE ) dta$Dt[ idx ] <- as.Date( dta$DtStr[ idx ], format="%m/%d/%y" ) On Wed, 28 Jun 2017, Farnoosh Sheikhi via R-help wrote: > Hi, > I have a data set with various date formats in one column and not sure how to > unify it.Here is a few formats: > 02091702/22/170221201703/17/160015-08-239/2/1500170806May-2-201522-March-2014 > I tried parse_date_time from lubridate library but it failed.Thanks so much. > Best,Farnoosh > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. --- Jeff Newmiller The . . Go Live... DCN: Basics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go... Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing Research Engineer (Solar/Batteries O.O#. #.O#. with /Software/Embedded Controllers) .OO#. .OO#. rocks...1k --- [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Different date formats in one column
Hi Christoph, There is "," between dates.Many thanks. Best,Farnoosh On Wednesday, June 28, 2017 9:05 PM, Christoph Puschmann wrote: Hey, Are all the dates connected? So no comma or space btw? Regards, Christoph > On 29 Jun 2017, at 2:02 pm, Farnoosh Sheikhi via R-help > wrote: > > Hi, > I have a data set with various date formats in one column and not sure how to > unify it.Here is a few formats: > 02091702/22/170221201703/17/160015-08-239/2/1500170806May-2-201522-March-2014 > I tried parse_date_time from lubridate library but it failed.Thanks so much. > Best,Farnoosh > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Different date formats in one column
Hi, I have a data set with various date formats in one column and not sure how to unify it.Here is a few formats: 02091702/22/170221201703/17/160015-08-239/2/1500170806May-2-201522-March-2014 I tried parse_date_time from lubridate library but it failed.Thanks so much. Best,Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] unique dates per ID
Hi, I have a data set like below: Subject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", "5")dates<-c("2011-01-01", "2011-01-01", "2011-01-03" ,"2011-01-04", "2011-01-05", "2011-01-06" ,"2011-01-07", "2011-01-07", "2011-01-09" ,"2011-01-10" ,"2011-01-11" ,"2011-01-11")deps<-c("A", "B", "CC", "C", "CC", "A", "F", "DD", "A", "F", "FF", "D")df <- data.frame(Subject, dates, deps); df I want to choose unique dates per ID in a way there are not duplicate dates per ID. I don't mind what department to pick. I really appreciate any help. Best,Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Extracting dates to create a new variable
blockquote, div.yahoo_quoted { margin-left: 0 !important; border-left:1px #715FFA solid !important; padding-left:1ex !important; background-color:white !important; } Hi I have a data set like below and wanted to create a new date variable by extracting the dates for specific departments.I want to extract the dates for departments CC, DD, FF, put it in a new column and repeat it for other unique IDs. Subject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", "5")dates<-seq(as.Date('2011-01-01'),as.Date('2011-01-12'),by = 1) deps<-c("A", "B", "CC", "C", "CC", "A", "F", "DD", "A", "F", "FF", "D")df <- data.frame(Subject, dates, deps)df The final data set should look like this:newdate<-c(" 2011-01-03", "2011-01-03", "2011-01-03", "2011-01-05", "2011-01-05", "2011-01-05" , "2011-01-08", "2011-01-08", "2011-01-08", "2011-01-11", "2011-01-11", "2011-01-11")final<-data.frame(Subject, dates, deps, newdate)final I really appreciate any help. Best,Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Extracting dates to create a new variable
Hi there, I have a data set like below and wanted to create a new date variable by extracting the dates for specific departments.I want to extract the dates for departments CC, DD, FF, put it in a new column and repeat it for other unique IDs. Subject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", "5")dates<-seq(as.Date('2011-01-01'),as.Date('2011-01-12'),by = 1) deps<-c("A", "B", "CC", "C", "CC", "A", "F", "DD", "A", "F", "FF", "D")df <- data.frame(Subject, dates, deps)df The final data set should look like this:newdate<-c(" 2011-01-03", "2011-01-03", "2011-01-03", "2011-01-05", "2011-01-05", "2011-01-05" , "2011-01-08", "2011-01-08", "2011-01-08", "2011-01-11", "2011-01-11", "2011-01-11")final<-data.frame(Subject, dates, deps, newdate)final I really appreciate any help. Best,Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Merging Issue
Hi all, I have two data sets similar like below and wanted to merge them with variable "deps". As this is a sample data with small sample size, I don't have any problem using command merge. However, the actual data set has ~60,000 observations with a lot of repeated measures. For example, for a given ID I have 100 different dates and groups. Thee problem is using "merge" command gives me a lot of duplicates that I can't even track. I was wondering if there is any other way to merge such a data.Any help is appreciated. Thanks. ## Data ASubject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", "5")dates<-seq(as.Date('2011-01-01'),as.Date('2011-01-12'),by = 1) deps<-c("A", "B", "C", "C", "D", "A", "F", "G", "A", "F", "A", "D")df <- data.frame(Subject, dates, deps) ## Data Bloc<-c("CA","NY", "CA", "NY", "WA", "WA")grp<-c("DE", "OC", "DE", "OT", "DE", "OC")deps<-c("A","B","C", "D", "F","G")df2<-data.frame(loc, grp, deps ) dat<-merge(df, df2, by="deps") [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Filtering based on the occurrence
Hi Jim, Thank you tons for your help. The code worked perfectly :) Best,Farnoosh On Wednesday, March 30, 2016 1:13 AM, Jim Lemon wrote: Hi Farnoosh, Despite my deep suspicion that this answer will solve a useless problem, try this: last_subject<-0 keep_deps<-c("B","D","F") keep_rows<-NULL for(rowindex in 1:dim(df)[1]) { if(df[rowindex,"Subject"] != last_subject) { last_subject<-df[rowindex,"Subject"] start_keeping<-0 } if(df[rowindex,"deps"] %in% keep_deps) start_keeping<-1 if(start_keeping) keep_rows<-c(keep_rows,rowindex) } final<-matrix(unlist(lapply(df[keep_rows,],as.character)),ncol=3) I find it terribly hard to ignore puzzles. Jim On Wed, Mar 30, 2016 at 10:52 AM, Farnoosh Sheikhi via R-help wrote: > Hello, > I have a data set similar to below and I wanted to keep the observations > after the first occurrence of these department: "B", "D", "F".For example for > ID=2, the observation with deps=B and anything after will be kept in the > data. For ID=3, observations with deps=D and anything after will be included. > Subject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", > "5")dates<-seq(as.Date('2011-01-01'),as.Date('2011-01-12'),by = 1) > deps<-c("A", "B", "C", "C", "D", "A", "F", "G", "A", "F", "A", "D")df <- > data.frame(Subject, dates, deps)df > The final data should look like this:final<-c("2 2011-01-02 B","2 > 2011-01-03 C","3 2011-01-05 D","3 2011-01-06 A","4 2011-01-07 > F","4 2011-01-08 G","5 2011-01-10 F","5 2011-01-11 A","5 2011-01-12 > D") Thank you tons for your help. > Farnoosh > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Filtering based on the occurrence
Hello, I have a data set similar to below and I wanted to keep the observations after the first occurrence of these department: "B", "D", "F".For example for ID=2, the observation with deps=B and anything after will be kept in the data. For ID=3, observations with deps=D and anything after will be included. Subject<- c("2", "2", "2", "3", "3", "3", "4", "4", "5", "5", "5", "5")dates<-seq(as.Date('2011-01-01'),as.Date('2011-01-12'),by = 1) deps<-c("A", "B", "C", "C", "D", "A", "F", "G", "A", "F", "A", "D")df <- data.frame(Subject, dates, deps)df The final data should look like this:final<-c("2 2011-01-02 B","2 2011-01-03 C","3 2011-01-05 D","3 2011-01-06 A","4 2011-01-07 F","4 2011-01-08 G","5 2011-01-10 F","5 2011-01-11 A","5 2011-01-12 D") Thank you tons for your help. Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Distance in miles btw Zipcodes
Hello, I'm trying to get the distances between two Zipcode variables, but for some reason I get this error: "matching was not perfect, returning what was found.Error: no such index at level 1" Here is my code: library(ggmap)mapdist(data$Zip.A, data$Zip.B, mode = "driving") The Zip codes are all in 5 digits format.I really appreciate any help or suggestion.Thanks. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Mixed Date Formats
Thank you all for your help.I came to this conclusion that data needs to be verified by its source. Thanks again. On Thursday, July 30, 2015 7:07 AM, John Kane wrote: That's what I get for reading without a cup of tea beside me. I looked at 5 and my eye just slide over the last entries. I change my assessment : this looks bad. (Tea at hand). So, presumably Farnoosh may not be able to guarantee the formats for 3 & 4 either unless they are unambiguously dated. John Kane Kingston ON Canada > -Original Message- > From: sarah.gos...@gmail.com > Sent: Thu, 30 Jul 2015 09:19:55 -0400 > To: jrkrid...@inbox.com > Subject: Re: [R] Mixed Date Formats > > On Thu, Jul 30, 2015 at 9:14 AM, John Kane wrote: >> This does not look good. But not too bad >> >> Can we assume that the original data is in D-M-Y in all cases. The >> values at 3 & 4 in the sample data are ambigous, in that someone may be >> using the American dating system of M-D-Y. Given the rest of the data >> it seems unlikely but possible. > > Take a look at 5 and 7: >> 5 1375 31/12/2011 # dd/mm/ >> 7 3423 01/22/2011 # mm/dd/ > > They're unambiguously different. > >> Otherwise it looks possible, but probably not for me since I'm lousy at >> things like grep, to sort the data set into three parts based on the >> last three characters in the Year part of the date, convert and >> recombine. > > It would be easy if month and day were consistent, regardless of year > format. > > >> SampleData >> id value date >> 1 5813 19-Dec-11 >> 2 8706 07-Dec-11 >> 3 4049 06/05/11 >> 4 5877 05/12/11 >> 5 1375 31/12/2011 >> 6 2223 10/19/2011 >> 7 3423 01/22/2011 >> >> John Kane >> Kingston ON Canada >> >> >>> -Original Message- >>> From: r-help@r-project.org >>> Sent: Wed, 29 Jul 2015 21:15:45 + (UTC) >>> To: sarah.gos...@gmail.com >>> Subject: Re: [R] Mixed Date Formats >>> >>> Hi Sarah, >>> Thanks for getting back to me.Here is an example of my data:SampleData >>> <- >>> structure(list(id = 1:7, value = c(5813L, 8706L, 4049L, 5877L, >>> 1375L, 2223L, 3423L), date = structure(c(4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 7L, >>> 6L, 5L), .Label = c("05/12/11", "06/05/11", "07-Dec-11", >>> "19-Dec-11", "01/22/2011", "10/19/2011", "31/12/2011" >>> ), class = "factor")), .Names = c("id", "value", "date"), row.names = >>> c(NA, >>> -7L), class = "data.frame")SampleData >>> Thanks for your help:). >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> On Wednesday, July 29, 2015 1:50 PM, Sarah Goslee >>> wrote: >>> >>> >>> On Wed, Jul 29, 2015 at 2:45 PM, farnoosh sheikhi via R-help >>> wrote: >>>> Hi Arun, >>>> Hope all is well with you. I have a data with a column for date.The >>>> date >>>> format is mixed. There are date values with Month/Day/Year format and >>>> values with Day/Month/Year format.I don't know how to unify it.I >>>> really >>>> appreciate your help.Thanks. >>> >>> You sent this to the R-help list, not just to Arun, so I'm assuming >>> this is an R question. The best way to get help is to provide a sample >>> of your data using dput() and to clearly specify what you would like >>> as the result - "unify" is a bit vague. paste(x, collapse="") could be >>> considered unification, after all. >>> >>> Sarah >>> >>> -- >>> Sarah Goslee >>> http://www.functionaldiversity.org >>> >>> >> > > > > -- > Sarah Goslee > http://www.functionaldiversity.org FREE ONLINE PHOTOSHARING - Share your photos online with your friends and family! [[elided Yahoo spam]] [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Mixed Date Formats
Hi Sarah, Thanks for getting back to me.Here is an example of my data:SampleData <- structure(list(id = 1:7, value = c(5813L, 8706L, 4049L, 5877L, 1375L, 2223L, 3423L), date = structure(c(4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 6L, 5L), .Label = c("05/12/11", "06/05/11", "07-Dec-11", "19-Dec-11", "01/22/2011", "10/19/2011", "31/12/2011" ), class = "factor")), .Names = c("id", "value", "date"), row.names = c(NA, -7L), class = "data.frame")SampleData Thanks for your help:). On Wednesday, July 29, 2015 1:50 PM, Sarah Goslee wrote: On Wed, Jul 29, 2015 at 2:45 PM, farnoosh sheikhi via R-help wrote: > Hi Arun, > Hope all is well with you. I have a data with a column for date.The date > format is mixed. There are date values with Month/Day/Year format and values > with Day/Month/Year format.I don't know how to unify it.I really appreciate > your help.Thanks. You sent this to the R-help list, not just to Arun, so I'm assuming this is an R question. The best way to get help is to provide a sample of your data using dput() and to clearly specify what you would like as the result - "unify" is a bit vague. paste(x, collapse="") could be considered unification, after all. Sarah -- Sarah Goslee http://www.functionaldiversity.org [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Mixed Date Formats
Hi Arun, Hope all is well with you. I have a data with a column for date.The date format is mixed. There are date values with Month/Day/Year format and values with Day/Month/Year format.I don't know how to unify it.I really appreciate your help.Thanks. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Difference in dates for unique ID
That's exactly what I was thinking. Thanks tons. Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android From:"arun" Date:Sun, Feb 15, 2015 at 2:47 AM Subject:Re: Difference in dates for unique ID HI Farnoosh, Not sure I understand the expected output.� The difference between the first 2 days is "136 days" May be this helps � library(data.table) � � � dcast.data.table(setDT(df)[, list(Visit=.N, Diff= as.numeric(abs(diff(as.Date(Date, format='%d-%b-%y') , � � � � by = ID], ID+Visit~ Diff, value.var='Diff', length) � � ID Visit 136 255 857 � � 1:� 1� � 2� 1� 0� 0 � � 2:� 2� � 3� 0� 1� 1 On Wednesday, February 11, 2015 5:47 PM, farnoosh sheikhi wrote: Hi Arun, I have a data set that look s like below. I wanted to get a difference in dates for each unique ID and record it as a new X and have binary input for each one. ID� Date 1� � � � 06-Sep-13 1� � � � 20-Jan-14 2� � � � 06-Mar-12 2� � � � 25-Jun-11 2� � � � 29-Oct-13 For example for the first two date for ID=1 ( 20-Jan-14 - 06-Sep-13 ~ 121) and I want the data to be like follow: ID� Visit� 121 1� � � 2� � � � 1 2� � � 3� � � � 0 I really appreciate if you can help me with this. I know I need to write some kind of loop, but I don't know how to think of the logic behind it. Thanks a lot. Farnoosh [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.