Re: [R] trouble double looping to generate data for a meta-analysis
You might look at the package Wakefield For data generation -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Marietta Suarez Sent: Friday, July 01, 2016 1:28 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] trouble double looping to generate data for a meta-analysis i'm trying to generate data for a meta analysis. 1- generate data following a normal distribution, 2- generate data following a skewed distribution, 3- generate data following a logistic distribution. i need to loop this because the # of studies in each meta will be either 10 or 15. k or total number of studies in the meta will be 5. i need to loop twice to repeat this process 10 times. database should be 3 columns (distributions) by 65 rows x 10 reps here's my code, not sure what's not working: library(fGarch) #n reps =10 rep=10 #begin function here, need to vary n and k, when k=2 n=10, when k3 n=15 fun=function(n, k){ #prepare to store data data=matrix(0,nrow=10*k, ncol=3) db=matrix(0,nrow=650, ncol=3) for (j in 1:rep) { for (i in 1:k) { #generate data under normal, skewed, and logistic distributions here data[,1]=rnorm(n, 100, 15) data[,2]=rsnorm(n, 100, 15, 1) data[,3]=rlogis(n, 100, 15) } [j]=db } } save=fun(10,2) Please help!!! [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Importing data from a text file with no separator
?read.fwf There is a data import/export document on cran.r-project.org -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Paolo Letizia Sent: Wednesday, June 08, 2016 8:40 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Importing data from a text file with no separator I have row data in a text file, where each row consists of 22 numerical characters. Each row consists of three different column but there is no separator. Specifically, the first two characters of the raw represent the first column of data, the subsequent 8 characters represent the second column of data and the last 12 characters represent the third column of data. An example follows: row data: 10030614911608 The first two characters, "10", is the column "Regime"; the subsequent 8 characters, "03061490", is the column "Industry", and the last 12 characters, "00011608", is the column dollar value. How do I import the column data into R without having any separator in the text file? Thanks for your help, Paolo. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] kernel matching pursuit
This website might be of help: http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/~estuart/propensityscoresoftware.html confidential to sas, spss, stata, and sudaan users: heavy doses of those programs may cause statococcal infection. time to transition to R. -- Anthony Damico -- -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Shyam Kumar Basnet Sent: Friday, June 03, 2016 11:22 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] kernel matching pursuit Hi, Do you know any R-package for Kernel matching using the propensity scores? I really appreciate your help. Thanks, Shyam Basnet Sweden [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Package to work with weight based data
You might look at Anthony D'Amico's work at Asdfree.com There is a lot to learn from here and many of those examples work with weighted survey results -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of BISWAJIT KAR Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2016 12:32 PM To: R-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Package to work with weight based data Respected all, I am working on a socio-economic survey (named as National Sample Survey in India provided by National Sample Survey Organization, Govt. of India) data of individual as well as households. This is a sample survey where stratified random sapling method has been used to draw samples. The data set uses 'weights' to estimate figures for region, state or country level. In the data set, there is a variable called weights and I use the *'weight cases'* function to activate weights under *'Data' option *in menu bar in SPSS before generating any table or doing any statistical procedure. So, my question is, is there any package/s in R where I can use weights and work on this kind of sample survey. Second thing, is there any package/s to generate multi layer contingency table in R or how can I do this in R. For example, one similar kind of table is attached here which one is created by SPSS from the above stated data-set. Please have a look. -- Thanks, *Biswajit Kar* (Research Scholar) Ph. D. Student, Geography Centre for the Study of Regional Development School of Social Sciences Jawaharala Nehru University New Delhi-110067 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Batch Installer for R
Does the package packrat do what you want? -- Better name for the general practitioner might be multispecialist. ~Martin H. Fischer (1879-1962) -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Tobias Knuth Sent: Thursday, March 31, 2016 9:05 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Batch Installer for R Hi everyone, in Python, you can run pip install -r filename to install all packages listed in the file. Is there something similar to R? If not, isn't it quite easy to write? For me, it would be much easier to work on projects with other people if I could just install all dependencies with one line in a generalised manner. Did anybody try something like that before me? Best, Tobias [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Special sequence
You might look at the sprint function which is in base R -- Better name for the general practitioner might be multispecialist. ~Martin H. Fischer (1879-1962) -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Cacique Samurai Sent: Monday, February 29, 2016 3:12 PM To: R help Subject: [R] Special sequence Hello Helpers! How to create a number sequence from1 to 3000, but usigm four numbers like 0001, 0002...0102...3000. Thanks in advanced, Raoni -- Raoni Rosa Rodrigues Research Associate of Fish Transposition Center CTPeixes Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG Brasil rodrigues.ra...@gmail.com __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Loading large .pxt and .asc datasets causes issues.
You might want to look at Anthony Damico's work at http://www.asdfree.com/search/label/behavioral%20risk%20factor%20surveillance%20system%20%28brfss%29 -- Better name for the general practitioner might be multispecialist. ~Martin H. Fischer (1879-1962) -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Torvon Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 2:13 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Loading large .pxt and .asc datasets causes issues. Hi, I want to load a dataset into R. This dataset is available in two formats: .XPT and .ASC. The dataset is available at http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/annual_2006.htm. They are about 40mb zipped, and about 500mb unzipped. I can get the .xpt data to load, using: > library(hmisc) > data <- sasxport.get("CDBRFS06.XPT") The data look fine, no error messages. However, the data only contains 302 columns, which is less than it should have (according to the documentation). It does not contain my variables of interest, so either the documentation or the data file is wrong, and I want to make sure it's not the data file. Hence I wanted to see if I get the same results loading the .ASC file. However, multiple ways to do so have failed. > library(adehabitat) > import.asc("CDBRFS06.asc") Results in: Error in scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : scan() expected 'a real', got '1191.8808943.38209868648.960119' > library(SDMTools) > read.asc("CDBRFS06.asc") Results in: Error in scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : scan() expected 'a real', got '1191.8808943.38209868648.960119' In addition: Warning messages: 1: In scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : number of items read is not a multiple of the number of columns 2: In scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : number of items read is not a multiple of the number of columns 3: In scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : number of items read is not a multiple of the number of columns 4: In scan(file, what, nmax, sep, dec, quote, skip, nlines, na.strings, : number of items read is not a multiple of the number of columns 5: In scan(file, nmax = nl * nc, skip = 6, quiet = TRUE) : NAs introduced by coercion to integer range Thank you for your help. Eiko [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] axis break in R
The current version of R is 3.2.3 and is available on the website. You should update. The current version of plotrix is 3.6-1 -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Eike Marie Thaysen Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 11:00 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] axis break in R Hello, I want to break the y-axis on one of my plots. I read this is possible- but apparently only with the plotrix package that requieres R version 3.6-1? I cannot seem to find that version on the R homepage.. it is a version you have to pay for? Are there any other possebilities to do it (I am currently running (for R version 3.1.2) ) Thank you, Eike [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] search across a row for strings
I'm trying to do the following: search each patient's list of diagnoses for a specific code then create a new column based upon the the presence of the specific code. Simplified data follows: con <- textConnection(" ID DX1 DX2 DX3 1 410942807102 2 734 311 490 3 401142822 4101 ") df <- read.table(con, header = TRUE, strip.white = TRUE, colClasses="character") # # I would like to add a column such the result of searching for 410 would give: The search string would always be at the start of a word and doesn't need regex. # # IDDX1 DX2 DX3 htn # 1 4109428071021 # 2 734 311 490 0 # 3 401142822 41011 # # The following works but is slow and returns NA if the search string is not found: for (i in 1:nrow(df)) { df[i,"htn"] <- any(sapply('410', function(x) which( grepl(x, df[i, 2:4], fixed = TRUE) ))) } Thanks in advance. I never fail to learn new things from this list. -- Who is wise? One who learns from every person. Who is strong? One who overpowers his evil inclinations. Who is rich? One who is satisfied with his lot. Who is honorable? One who honors his fellows. - Pirkei Avot [excerpt] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Template Engine for R
There is a new one on CRAN called infuser that may meet your needs -- One who is in a dying condition is regarded as a living person in all respects. -- Maimonides -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Luca Cerone Sent: Saturday, May 16, 2015 2:35 AM To: R-help Subject: [R] Template Engine for R Dear all, I am looking for a template engine for R. I have already come across {{mustache}} and its R implementation whisker, however I am looking for something with a few more features like "if blocks", "for loop", "block inheritance" and so on (for those of you who are familiar with Python I am looking for something like Jinja2 or Mako). I searched in google, but the only option for R seems whisker. Can any of you recommend me some alternatives? Thanks a lot in advance for the help! Cheers, Luca __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Cost-effectiveness Analysis in R
I've not seen much and most of the responses relate to classification trees and not clinical decision trees. See this post: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2012-July/318597.html . I was unable to run arvore on a recent version of R. -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Singh, Ashima Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2015 1:02 PM To: r-help@R-project.org Subject: [R] Cost-effectiveness Analysis in R ? Hi All, I was wondering if R has a provision of performing cost-effectiveness analyses using decision trees and markov models. And if anyone has used it before. Thanks! Ashima [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Suggestion in justify in write.fwf {gdata}
Perhaps you should contact the package maintainer regarding this request. Who is wise? One who learns from every person. Who is strong? One who overpowers his evil inclinations. Who is rich? One who is satisfied with his lot. Who is honorable? One who honors his fellows. - Pirkei Avot [excerpt] -Original Message- From: R-help [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Leandro Marino Sent: Wednesday, March 04, 2015 2:54 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Suggestion in justify in write.fwf {gdata} Hi, Sometimes, I need to do some hard work when exporting files using gdata package. It will be very useful if the justify parameter of write.fwf can receive vectors. In some jobs I need to left and right justify in different columns of the same file. Nowadays, I do a lot ow this working in preparing manually each file. I was wondering something like justify=c(rep('right',3),'left',rep('right',2),rep('left',10)) in a file that has 15 columns. Best, Leandro [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Swap rows and columns in a matrix
Does the builtin function 't' work for your needs? -Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Haris Rhrlp Sent: Tuesday, October 30, 2012 3:00 PM To: R-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] Swap rows and columns in a matrix Dear R users, I want a help to write an algorithm for swapping rows and columns in a matrix thanks in advance [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] lagged variables
There is a Lag function in Hmisc and I found this on StackExchange shift <- function (x, shift_by) { #similar to lag function stopifnot(is.numeric(shift_by)) stopifnot(is.numeric(x)) if (length(shift_by)>1) return(sapply(shift_by,shift, x=x)) out<-NULL abs_shift_by=abs(shift_by) if (shift_by > 0 ) out<-c(tail(x,-abs_shift_by),rep(NA,abs_shift_by)) else if (shift_by < 0 ) out<-c(rep(NA,abs_shift_by), head(x,-abs_shift_by)) else out<-x out } -Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of saraberta Sent: Wednesday, July 25, 2012 4:10 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] lagged variables hi guys, i have some trouble in creating lagged variables to use as external regressors. i'm trying to use lag(x) but it gives me as result the same time series (x), adding this part at the end: attr(,"tsp") [1]0 23231 where do i wrong?are there other functions to be used? thanks sara -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/lagged-variables-tp4637734.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Reading data into
I have data in the following form: judge poster score poster score poster score a1 89 2 79 392 b 3 45 4 65 and am trying to get it to the following: Poster Judge_A Judge_B Judge_C 1 89 2 79 3 92 45 4 65 Any hints would be appreciated. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to refer to the last a few rows?
Try the tail() function -Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Peng Yu Sent: Monday, September 14, 2009 11:32 AM To: r-h...@stat.math.ethz.ch Subject: [R] How to refer to the last a few rows? Hi, x=matrix(1:60,nr=6) I can refer the last 2 rows by x[5:6,] If I don't know the total number of rows is 6, is there a way to refer the last 2 rows? Regards, Peng __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] changing variables in a dataset
you could use chickwts$feed<- as.numeric(levels(chickwts$feed))[as.integer(chickwts$feed)] I got this by searching archives of old messages. I can't recall why the simpler as.numeric(chickwts$feed) is not an appropriate all around solution. -- "I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, it's a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at life's realities." - Dr. Suess From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org on behalf of schung Sent: Wed 5/6/2009 10:55 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] changing variables in a dataset Hi! I just quasi-learned how to use R and I'm trying to change the feed from horsebean, linseed, etc to 1, 2, 3, etc The dataset I'm practicing on is pre-loaded in R data(chickwts) chickwts Any help is much appreciated!! Thank you!! -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/changing-variables-in-a-dataset-tp23407765p23407765.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] portable R editor
You might also look at http://www.portableapps.com for a portable version of several editors, including gVim, Notepad++ and SciTE which all have some level of support for R -- "I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, it's a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at life's realities." - Dr. Suess From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org on behalf of Werner W. Sent: Wed 3/4/2009 6:39 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] portable R editor Many, many thanks for all the answers! Notepad++ looks very promising although it does not have a project file management facility. But it has a very clean appearance. I'll have to look into SciTE which also sounds quite good. There seem to be some good alternatives. Meanwhile, I found a freeware application which helps to make Tinn-R truly portable: JauntePE (http://www.portablefreeware.com/?id=1452) virtualizes access to the registry and file system and can easily be used to make also the ini settings portable. Thus, everything will be on the USB stick. Thanks again, Werner -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/portable-R-editor-tp22291017p22328322.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.