Re: [R] Converting english words to numeric equivalents
How about this?
unletter - function(word) {
gsub('-64',' ',paste(sprintf(%02d,utf8ToInt(tolower(word)) -
96),collapse=''))
}
unletter(abc)
[1] 010203
unletter(Aw)
[1] 0123
unletter(I walk to school)
[1] 09 23011211 2015 190308151512
--Hans
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Re: [R] Converting english words to numeric equivalents
On 28 Jul 2008, at 12:23, Hans-Joerg Bibiko wrote:
How about this?
unletter - function(word) {
gsub('-64',' ',paste(sprintf(%02d,utf8ToInt(tolower(word)) -
96),collapse=''))
}
unletter(abc)
[1] 010203
unletter(Aw)
[1] 0123
unletter(I walk to school)
[1] 09 23011211 2015 190308151512
I do not know precisely what do you want to do.
With:
as.double(unlist(strsplit(unletter(I walk to school), )))
you will get a numeric vector out of the string.
But this leads to a problem with large words like:
as.double(unlist(strsplit(unletter(schoolschool), )))
[1] 1.903082e+23
Thus I would suggest if there's a need to mirror words as numeric
values and the numeric values haven't a meaning to parse your text in
beforehand to build a hash (a list) of all distinct words in your text
and assign a number to each word.
This would end up in a list à la:
words - (abc = 1, I = 2, go = 3, etc.)
After that you can access these numeric values via:
words['go']
$go
[1] 3
--Hans
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Re: [R] matching problem
On 27 Jun 2008, at 12:23, Tom.O wrote: Hi R gurus I have a matching problem that I cant solve. I have tried multiple solutions and searched varius help-sites but I cant get it to work. This is the problem myexstrings = c(*AAA.AA,BBB BB,*.CCC.,**dd- d) what I want do do is to remove any non-characters in the beginning and everything else after the non-character symbol after the first set of characters so that the string becomes: c(AAA,BBB,CCC,dd) I can figure out the start, sub(^\\W*,, myexstrings,perl=T) will remove the unwanted beginnings but then its the rest. Try gsub(\\W*,, myexstrings,perl=T) Cheers, --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] matching problem
On 27 Jun 2008, at 13:56, Tom.O wrote: Well I have tried that and it's unfortuanally not the solution. This return all the characters in the string, but I dont want the characters after the ending non-character symbol. Only the starting characters ore of interest. gsub(\\W*,, myexstrings,perl=T) [1] A B CCC ddd Oops, try this one: gsub(^\\W*(\\w+)\\W.*,\\1, myexstrings,perl=T) --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Similarity matching with probabilities
On 27 Jun 2008, at 14:30, francogrex wrote: Hello, It's just a strange coincidence that someone posted just very recently a question about matching. I know there are several match function in the base package (such as match, pmatch, charmatch, and the gsub etc) but I can't seem to use them wisely to be able to get what I need. suppose I have the following strings: tets estt rtes7 gstes tes5t Is there an R procedure to determine how related each string is to the reference string test, for example to say that tets is similar to test with a probability of 0.9 or something of that sort? Have a look at ?agrep. One could loop for different max.distances to get the relation. An other way is to calculate the edit distance by Levenshtein(- Damerau). A starting point could be : http://wiki.r-project.org/rwiki/doku.php?id=tips:data-strings:levenshtein --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] avoid using Dingbats symbols for points()
Hi, I came across with a tiny problem. E.g.: pdf() plot(1:5) points(2, 3, cex=10, pch=21, bg=grey, lwd=0.3) points(2, 4, cex=1, pch=21, bg=grey, lwd=0.3) dev.off() If I execute this I'll get a nice PDF. Fine. But I want to edit this PDF with let's say by using Adobe Illustrator. If I try to open it Illustrator shows up an error message: Missing Type 1 fonts have been substitute with the default font. Fonts with foreign encodings have been reencoded. I can press OK and I get an image which shows the letter 'l' instead of the points except for the first points() statement. Then I read in ?pdf: [...] - Circle of any radius are allowed. Opaque circles of less than 10 points radius are rendered using char 108 in the Dingbats font: all semi-transparent and larger circles using a Bézier curve for each quadrant. OK. But is there a way to avoid replacing a circle less than 10pt radius by a Dingbats font? In other word I want to have a Bézier curve as well. Up to now I use a very stony way à la: [draw a pie chart with only one segment] stars(matrix(data=1, ncol=1), draw.segments = TRUE, scale = FALSE, radius = FALSE, locations = c(2, 3.2), col.segments = grey, add = TRUE, labels = NULL, len=0.05, lwd = 0.1) The only thing I have to do is to delete an anker point for the segment. But if the plot has hundreds of points, well ... I tried it out with R 2.6.2 and R 2.7 on Mac OSX 10.5.3 and Windows XP; always the same. I would be appreciate for any hints. Thanks in advance! --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] avoid using Dingbats symbols for points()
On 25 Jun 2008, at 15:22, Prof Brian Ripley wrote: Please look at the NEWS for R-devel, which was an option to work around this known bug in Adobe Illustrator. Thanks a lot for the hint. (Of course, the R posting guide suggested this for before posting.) I looked at several mailing lists and docs etc. But I didn't check the new features of R 2.8. I pledge betterment. --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to return multiple values in a function
On 23 Jun 2008, at 10:23, Gundala Viswanath wrote:
I apologize for this newbie question. But I can't seem
to find in R online manual.
1. How can I return two values in a function?
2. How can I capture the values again of this function?
myfunc - function (array) {
# do something with array
# get something assign to foo and bar
print(foo)
print(bar)
# how can I return foo and bar ?
}
# Is this the way to capture it?
(nfoo,nbar) - myfunc(some_array)
One way would be :
myfunc - function (array) {
# do something with array
# get something assign to foo and bar
result - c(foo, bar)
return(result)
# how can I return foo and bar ?
}
res - myfunc(some_array)
res[1]
[1] foo.stuff
res[2]
[1] bar.stuff
--Hans
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Re: [R] Create a new vector with filled with mean value of original vector
On 23 Jun 2008, at 10:47, Gundala Viswanath wrote: Hi, Given this vector: x - c(30.9, 60.1 , 70.0 , 73.0 , 75.0 , 83.9 , 93.1 , 97.6 , 98.8 , 113.9) [1] 30.9 60.1 70.0 73.0 75.0 83.9 93.1 97.6 98.8 113.9 mean.x - mean(x) [1] 79.63 I wish to: 1. Create a new vector (nx) with the same size as x 2. Fill nx with the mean value thus in the end I hope to get something like: [1] 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 79.63 One way would be: rep(mean(x),length(x)) --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] paste data
On 18 Jun 2008, at 10:36, Sybille Wendel wrote:
I need a command.
I have a lot of data in different dataframes(auto.0a, auto.0b, auto.
0c, auto.5Na,...), that has similar names.
I could print the names all at once wih a loop with the command
paste(), see below:
plot-
c(0a,0b,0c,5Na,5Nb,5Nc,PKa,PKb,PKc,5NPKa,5NPKb,
5NPKc,10NPKa,10NPKb,10NPKc,20NPKa,20NPKb,20NPKc)
for (x in 1:length(plot))
{
name-paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=)
print(name)
}
First of all, maybe it is better to avoid to name a variable 'plot'.
It works, but it could be a bit confusing.
You can do this easier (paste can handle vectors etc.):
name-paste(auto., plot, sep=)
I want to do very similar things with all the dataframes and their
structure is also the same.
Is there a way to write a loop? (so that I don't have to write the
same 18 times)
I tried things like that:
for (x in 1:length(plot))
{
plot(paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=)[,1],paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=)
[,2],col=...)
}
paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=)[,1] = doesn't work.
Assuming that 'auto.0a' is a data.frame you should use
get(paste(auto,.0a,sep=''))[,1]
instead to get the first column of the data.frame 'auto.0a'
Maybe try:
plot(get(paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=))[,1],
get(paste(auto.,plot[x],sep=))[,2], col=...)
--Hans
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Re: [R] exit function in R?
On 2 Jun 2008, at 15:18, Federico Abascal wrote:
Hi,
This is likely an stupid question, but I cannot find the solution.
I am searching for an exit function, to end the execution of an R
script if some condition is not filled.
Any clue?
f - function() {
...
if (1 == 1) return(WHATEVER)
...
...
return(ONSUCCESS)
}
--Hans
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Re: [R] Modify string-regular expression
On 30 May 2008, at 11:25, Romain wrote:
...
SCAN - scan(File.txt,sep=\n, what=raw,blank.lines.skip=F)
For (i in 1:Nb_param)
{
sub('Param[i] = Value_i-1','Param[i] = Value_i-2', SCAN)
}
...
I Know how to modify a string with sub when it is a fixed string :
sub((K =)([0-9]*),paste(\\1, Value[i,2]),SCAN)
But i would like to know if it is possible to use the function paste
or something else in the first argument of the function sub.
For example, the correct syntax of :
' sub((Param[i])([0-9]*),paste(\\1, Value[i,2]),SCAN) '
Have a look at ?gsub
Cheers,
--Hans
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Re: [R] Unicode characters (R 2.7.0 on Windows XP SP3 and Hardy Heron)
Quoting Duncan Murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED]: On 5/30/2008 12:58 PM, Hans-Jörg Bibiko wrote: to put it simply. Windows cannot handle utf-8 data. There is no utf-8 locale available. Code page 65001 is utf-8. Most text editors (including Notepad) include an option to save in the UTF-8 encoding. Some programs don't fully support utf-8 (some don't even support the native UCS-2), but most don't care. That's the nice thing about utf-8. So in what sense can Windows not handle utf-8 data? Of course, you're right. I only meant in that context R for Windows, not Windows at all. Sorry for my incorrectness. --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Creating/Concatenate Strings into another String
On 29 May 2008, at 10:39, Gundala Viswanath wrote: Is there a way to do it? For example I tried this: args-commandArgs() fname - args[6].-.args[9] This would work under Perl :) Look for details: ?paste Try this: fname - paste(args[6], ., args[9], sep=) --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] UTF-8 or Unicode on Windows PC
On 21 Apr 2008, at 12:33, Prof Brian Ripley wrote: Is it possible to download a compiled snapshot of 2.7.0 for Windows XP? Yes, http://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/rtest.html And it is due for release tomorrow. I played with 2.7.0 on Windows XP. I can do things which couldn't be done with 2.6.x. Many many thanks for the effort!!! But, I always came to a point where I didn't find a solution, due to the fact that Windows has no UTF-8 locale(s). Has Windows Vista UTF-8 locales? If I'm dealing with known languages I'm able to get rid of a lot of things. But my/our problem is that we have to deal with different languages at the same time [in a data.frame]. Furthermore I/we have to deal with IPA symbols, which haven't a locale; and grep, strsplit, etc. are set up on top of the chosen locale. Thus I'm not able to use strsplit on a string which contains German, Russian, IPA-symbols, because all glyphs which are not part of the chosen locale are displayed [e.g. as output of strsplit()] literally as U+. That's why the only solution is to use an UTF-8 environment (OS) or for hard-liners to transform each glyph into numbers and to do research on that numbers (which is really annoying ;). Unfortunately at this point I have to give up. Maybe there is someone who can give me further advice with Windows. The only thing, maybe, I have in mind is to use Perl, Python etc. in beforehand to manipulate the data before the data are analyzed using R. --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] UTF-8 or Unicode on Windows PC
Dear all, is it possible to set up RGUI or JGR on Windows PC to UTF-8 encoding? I looked for it in mailing lists and in the documentation, but I couldn't figure out it. My problem is e.g. to split a given string containing German and Russian words into characters. example: a - asdШas strsplit(a,NULL) [[1]] [1] a s d Ш a s works on each Mac or Linux computer, but I didn't find a way for Windows. I tried to set options(encoding) to UTF-8, I tried to use the Perl mode in strsplit, but I had no success. At least by using JGR I was able to type Russian and see my text correctly but strsplit failed. I set RGUI to a Unicode font, no success. I tried to save a script file in UTF-8 or UTF-16 and I tried to run source(FILE, encoding=***), no success. Is there really no way to use a Windows PC and R to work with Unicode texts? Many thanks in advance for each hint, --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] UTF-8 or Unicode on Windows PC
On 21 Apr 2008, at 11:33, Prof Brian Ripley wrote: You didn't tell us your R version (or your locale). Windows has no UTF-8 locales, so a lot of work has had to be done to allow Unicode chars to be handled on Windows. It was more or less a general question on R running on Windows PCs. Normally I'm using R on a Mac or Linux. But some of my students asked for the Unicode support for Windows' RGUI. Please look into 2.7.0 RC, and in particular its CHANGES file at https://svn.r-project.org/R/branches/R-2-7-branch/src/gnuwin32/CHANGES These are really good news! I would like to express my gratitude toward anyone who was/is involved in that development! Is it possible to download a compiled snapshot of 2.7.0 for Windows XP? Thanks a lot, --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] UTF-8 or Unicode on Windows PC
On 21 Apr 2008, at 12:33, Prof Brian Ripley wrote: Is it possible to download a compiled snapshot of 2.7.0 for Windows XP? Yes, http://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/rtest.html And it is due for release tomorrow. Many thanks! I can see the progress :) But please forgive my incompetence. I'm not so familiar with Windows. If I start e.g. RGUI by using: Rgui.exe LC_CTYPE=ja I can type Japanese, Russian, and German. strsplit works perfectly! ;) But if I type for instance a German umlaut 'ü' it comes out as 'u'. OK, it is due to the fact I didn't set up Rgui in UTF-8 mode. But how can I do this? My data are written in many different languages, and I want to do some statistics. R version 2.7.0 RC (2008-04-19 r45391) i386-pc-mingw32 locales: all to German_Germany.1252 LC_CTYPE=Japanese_Japan.932 ### There are some minor issues. I set Rgui's font to Arial Unicode. This works but I have some troubles to place my cursor, caused by the issue that Arial Unicode is not a monospaced font. If I start up Rgui in German, I can see the localized menu items, but for each non-ASCII character I see cryptic things. It seems to me that the localized strings are written in UTF-8, and Rgui expects ANSI characters. ### Nevertheless, thanks a lot! --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] a question of alphabetical order
Hi,
as already mentioned, sorting could be a pain.
My solution to that is to write my own order routine for a given
language.
The idea is to transform the UTF-8 string into ASCII in such a way
that the built-in order routine outputs the desired result. But this
could be a very stony way.
Example for Spanish (please correct me if I'm wrong):
-accents are ignored
-ll is one single entity and comes after l (ludar comes before llave)
-ch is one single entity and comes after c
The only thing I do not know if it could happen that a 'll' is not one
entity but two (maybe the result of the combination of two nouns). If
so then the entire story will be much more complicated.
Now the big question is how to delete all these accents in åàÿñü etc.
to get aaynu. (technically spoken canonical decomposition of a Unicode
string NFKD)
One possible way is to use a scripting language which can handle it.
The only language I know which can do it as default is python. For
ruby, perl one has to install an additional library.
On a Mac system python is installed as default; on Windows not. If
this ordering is also an issue for Windows users then one has to
install it in beforehand.
The code comes here:
orderES - function(x) {
#decomposes all accented characters
str - NKFD(x)
#all combining diacritics
nonChars - c(768:879)
pattern - paste([, intToUtf8(as.integer(nonChars)), ], sep=)
#delete all combining diacritics
str - gsub(pattern, , str)
#transform ll an ch to l{ and c{ ({ comes after z)
str - gsub(ll, l{, gsub(ch, c{, str))
order(str)
}
NKFD - function(x) {
system(paste(echo -en '# coding=utf-8\nimport unicodedata\nfor
i,v in enumerate([\ , paste(x, collapse=\, \), \]):print
unicodedata.normalize(\NFKD\,unicode(v,
\UTF-8\)).encode(\UTF-8\)'|python -, sep=), intern=T)
}
Notes to NFKD rountine:
- only works if R's environment is set to UTF-8!
- for instance a Danish ø won't be decompose to o / (these cases has
to be solved manually)
- this routine is not very fast
Cheers,
--Hans
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Re: [R] X 11
On 16 Apr 2008, at 12:21, Tommi Viitanen wrote: For example I have open x11 with device numbers 1 and 2. I want to make plot to the device 1 without doing anythin to the 2 and not making a new x11. Something like ?: Do you mean something like dev.set(DEVICENUMBER) ? Have a look at ?dev.set --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Number of words in a string
On 10 Apr 2008, at 07:43, Shubha Vishwanath Karanth wrote: So powerful, the gsub... But I really don’t understand the how the regular expressions like *\\S+$, need to be used and how to make best use of it... Any article/material/links that I can go through? A good starting point is: type ?regex in your console. Furthermore search in the net for regular expression. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression_examples http://www.regular-expressions.info/ There are some variants of regexp engine on the market but the core syntax should be the same. Regards, --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to create a legend without plot, and to use scientific notation for axes label ?
On 10 Apr 2008, at 12:33, Stanley Ng wrote: How can I use formatC to convert 600 to 6e5 and not 6e+05 ? formatC(60) [1] 6e+05 formatC(60, format=e, digit=0) [1] 6e+05 Try this: gsub(([eE])(\\+?)(\\-?)0+, \\1\\3, formatC(60, format=e, digit=0)) --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] distance matrix as text file - how to import?
On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 1:50 PM, Hans-Jörg Bibiko [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
I was sent a text file containing a distance matrix à la:
1
2 3
4 5 6
Thanks a lot for your hints.
At the end all hints ends up more or less in my stony way to do it.
Let me summarize it.
The clean way is to initialize a matrix containing my distance matrix
and generate a dist object by using as.dist(mat).
Fine. But how to read the text data (triangular) into a matrix?
#1 approach - using 'read.table'
mat = read.table(test.txt, fill=T)
The problem here is that the first line doesn't contain the correct
number of columns of my matrix, thus 'read.table' sets the number of
columns to 5 as default.
Ergo I have to know the number of columns (num_cols) in beforehand in
order to do this:
mat = read.table(test.txt, fill=T, col.names=rep('', num_cols))
Per definitionem the last line of test.txt contains the correct
number of columns.
On a UNIX/Mac you can do the following:
num_cols - as.numeric(system(tail -n 1 'test.txt' | wc -
w,intern=TRUE))
In other words, read the last line of 'test.txt' and count the number
of words if the delimiter is a space. Or one could use 'readLines' and
split the last array element to get num_cols.
#2 approach - using 'scan()'
mat = matrix(0, num_cols, num_cols)
mat[row(mat) = col(mat)] - scan(test.txt)
But this also leads to my problem:
1
2 4
3 5 6
instead of
1
2 3
4 5 6
one solution
The approach #2 has two advantages: it's faster than read.table AND I
can calculate num_cols. The only problem is the correct order. But
this is solvable via: reading the data into the upper triangle and
transpose the matrix
mat - matrix(0, num_cols, num_cols)
mat[row(mat) = col(mat)] - scan(test.txt)
mat - t(mat)
Next. If I know that my text file really contains a distance matrix
(i.e. the diagonals have been removed) then I can do the following:
data - scan(test.txt)
num_cols - (1 + sqrt(1 + 8*length(data)))/2 - 1
mat - matrix(0, num_cols, num_cols)
mat[row(mat) = col(mat)] - data
mat - t(mat)
#Finally to get a 'dist' object:
mat - rbind(0, mat)
mat - cbind(mat, 0)
dobj - as.dist(mat)
Again, thanks a lot!
--Hans
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Re: [R] Number of words in a string
On 9 Apr 2008, at 17:29, Markus Gesmann wrote: Would this: sapply(strsplit(C, ), length) work for? or length(unlist(strsplit(C, ))) --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Number of words in a string
Something like that?
gsub( {1,}\w+$, , C)
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Re: [R] Number of words in a string
On 9 Apr 2008, at 17:44, Shubha Vishwanath Karanth wrote: Got all the answers using ?strsplit... Is there any way without using string split?... More specifically... How can I just extract the last word in all the strings without using ?strsplit ? Oops, sorry. gsub( *\w+$, , C) should work. --Hans __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
