Re: [R] converting to POSIXct
Thanks to all of you. Stefano (oo) --oOO--( )--OOo-- Stefano Sofia PhD Civil Protection - Marche Region - Italy Meteo Section Snow Section Via del Colle Ameno 5 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona (AN) Uff: +39 071 806 7743 E-mail: stefano.so...@regione.marche.it ---Oo-oO Da: PIKAL Petr [petr.pi...@precheza.cz] Inviato: martedì 30 novembre 2021 12.45 A: Duncan Murdoch; Jim Lemon Cc: r-help mailing list; Stefano Sofia Oggetto: RE: [R] converting to POSIXct Hi, that is what I tried to show to Stefano. That the issue was only with printing the values on console or as you explained in more depth the default formating when all time values (HMS) are zero. So that Stefano used correct syntax. Cheers Petr > -Original Message- > From: Duncan Murdoch > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 12:05 PM > To: Jim Lemon ; PIKAL Petr > > Cc: r-help mailing list ; Stefano Sofia > > Subject: Re: [R] converting to POSIXct > > On 30/11/2021 3:41 a.m., Jim Lemon wrote: > > Hi, > > Petr is right. Apparently as.POSIXct drops the smallest increments if > > all are zero: > > That's not as.POSIXct doing anything: there's no way to drop increments, the > POSIXct format records a number of seconds and that can't be changed. > > What is happening is simply the default formatting. > > Be explicit about the format if you want to see the seconds, e.g. > > > format(ssdf$data_POSIX, format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') [1] "2002-11- > 01 00:00:00" "2002-11-01 00:00:00" > > Duncan Murdoch > > > > > ssdf<-read.csv(text="data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > > 2002-11-01 00:00:01,1694,7.2 > > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8", > > stringsAsFactors=FALSE) > > ssdf$data_POSIX<-as.POSIXct(ssdf$data_POSIX,"%Y-%m-%d HH:MM:SS") > ssdf > > > > data_POSIX Sensor_code value > > 1 2002-11-01 00:00:011694 7.2 > > 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > > > > but if there is a single small increment, they all show up. > > > > Jim > > > > On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 7:33 PM PIKAL Petr > wrote: > >> > >> Hi > >> > >> You probably has zero hours in all your data > >> > >> see > >>> temp > >> data_POSIX Sensor_code value > >> 1 2002-11-01 00:00:001694 7.2 > >> 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > >> > >> without hours > >>> as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", > >>> tz="Etc/GMT-1") > >> [1] "2002-11-01 +01" "2002-11-01 +01" > >> > >> add value to hours > >>> fix(temp) > >>> temp > >> data_POSIX Sensor_code value > >> 1 2002-11-01 00:01:001694 7.2 > >> 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > >> > >> Voila, hours are back. > >>> as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", > >>> tz="Etc/GMT-1") > >> [1] "2002-11-01 00:01:00 +01" "2002-11-01 00:00:00 +01" > >> > >> So nothing wrong in uyour code, hours are there but they are probably > not printed to console and hours are there but hidden. > >> > >> Cheers > >> Petr > >> > >>> -Original Message- > >>> From: R-help On Behalf Of Stefano > >>> Sofia > >>> Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 9:20 AM > >>> To: r-help mailing list > >>> Subject: [R] converting to POSIXct > >>> > >>> Dear R-list users, > >>> I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. > >>> I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that > >>> attachments are not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is > >>> > >>> data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > >>> 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 > >>> 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 > >>> ... > >>> > >>> I load it with > >>> myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, > >>> sep=",", dec = ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) > >>> > >>> When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) > >>> to POSIXct with > >>> > >>> myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = > >>> "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz
Re: [R] converting to POSIXct
Hi, that is what I tried to show to Stefano. That the issue was only with printing the values on console or as you explained in more depth the default formating when all time values (HMS) are zero. So that Stefano used correct syntax. Cheers Petr > -Original Message- > From: Duncan Murdoch > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 12:05 PM > To: Jim Lemon ; PIKAL Petr > > Cc: r-help mailing list ; Stefano Sofia > > Subject: Re: [R] converting to POSIXct > > On 30/11/2021 3:41 a.m., Jim Lemon wrote: > > Hi, > > Petr is right. Apparently as.POSIXct drops the smallest increments if > > all are zero: > > That's not as.POSIXct doing anything: there's no way to drop increments, the > POSIXct format records a number of seconds and that can't be changed. > > What is happening is simply the default formatting. > > Be explicit about the format if you want to see the seconds, e.g. > > > format(ssdf$data_POSIX, format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') [1] "2002-11- > 01 00:00:00" "2002-11-01 00:00:00" > > Duncan Murdoch > > > > > ssdf<-read.csv(text="data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > > 2002-11-01 00:00:01,1694,7.2 > > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8", > > stringsAsFactors=FALSE) > > ssdf$data_POSIX<-as.POSIXct(ssdf$data_POSIX,"%Y-%m-%d HH:MM:SS") > ssdf > > > > data_POSIX Sensor_code value > > 1 2002-11-01 00:00:011694 7.2 > > 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > > > > but if there is a single small increment, they all show up. > > > > Jim > > > > On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 7:33 PM PIKAL Petr > wrote: > >> > >> Hi > >> > >> You probably has zero hours in all your data > >> > >> see > >>> temp > >> data_POSIX Sensor_code value > >> 1 2002-11-01 00:00:001694 7.2 > >> 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > >> > >> without hours > >>> as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", > >>> tz="Etc/GMT-1") > >> [1] "2002-11-01 +01" "2002-11-01 +01" > >> > >> add value to hours > >>> fix(temp) > >>> temp > >> data_POSIX Sensor_code value > >> 1 2002-11-01 00:01:001694 7.2 > >> 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > >> > >> Voila, hours are back. > >>> as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", > >>> tz="Etc/GMT-1") > >> [1] "2002-11-01 00:01:00 +01" "2002-11-01 00:00:00 +01" > >> > >> So nothing wrong in uyour code, hours are there but they are probably > not printed to console and hours are there but hidden. > >> > >> Cheers > >> Petr > >> > >>> -Original Message- > >>> From: R-help On Behalf Of Stefano > >>> Sofia > >>> Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 9:20 AM > >>> To: r-help mailing list > >>> Subject: [R] converting to POSIXct > >>> > >>> Dear R-list users, > >>> I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. > >>> I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that > >>> attachments are not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is > >>> > >>> data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > >>> 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 > >>> 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 > >>> ... > >>> > >>> I load it with > >>> myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, > >>> sep=",", dec = ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) > >>> > >>> When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) > >>> to POSIXct with > >>> > >>> myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = > >>> "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") > >>> > >>> the outupt is > >>> > >>> 2002-11-01 1694 7.2 > >>> 2002-11-01 1723 10.8 > >>> ... > >>> > >>> Why I keep loosing hours, minutes and seconds? Wher eis my mistake > >>> or my misunderstanding? > >>> > >>> Sorry again if I have not been able to reproduce the R code, and > >>> thank you for your support. > >>> Stefano > >>> > >>> (oo) > >>> --oOO--(
Re: [R] converting to POSIXct
On 30/11/2021 3:41 a.m., Jim Lemon wrote: Hi, Petr is right. Apparently as.POSIXct drops the smallest increments if all are zero: That's not as.POSIXct doing anything: there's no way to drop increments, the POSIXct format records a number of seconds and that can't be changed. What is happening is simply the default formatting. Be explicit about the format if you want to see the seconds, e.g. > format(ssdf$data_POSIX, format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') [1] "2002-11-01 00:00:00" "2002-11-01 00:00:00" Duncan Murdoch ssdf<-read.csv(text="data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value 2002-11-01 00:00:01,1694,7.2 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8", stringsAsFactors=FALSE) ssdf$data_POSIX<-as.POSIXct(ssdf$data_POSIX,"%Y-%m-%d HH:MM:SS") ssdf data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:00:011694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 but if there is a single small increment, they all show up. Jim On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 7:33 PM PIKAL Petr wrote: Hi You probably has zero hours in all your data see temp data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:00:001694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 without hours as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") [1] "2002-11-01 +01" "2002-11-01 +01" add value to hours fix(temp) temp data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:01:001694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 Voila, hours are back. as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") [1] "2002-11-01 00:01:00 +01" "2002-11-01 00:00:00 +01" So nothing wrong in uyour code, hours are there but they are probably not printed to console and hours are there but hidden. Cheers Petr -----Original Message- From: R-help On Behalf Of Stefano Sofia Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 9:20 AM To: r-help mailing list Subject: [R] converting to POSIXct Dear R-list users, I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that attachments are not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 ... I load it with myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, sep=",", dec = ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) to POSIXct with myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") the outupt is 2002-11-01 1694 7.2 2002-11-01 1723 10.8 ... Why I keep loosing hours, minutes and seconds? Wher eis my mistake or my misunderstanding? Sorry again if I have not been able to reproduce the R code, and thank you for your support. Stefano (oo) --oOO--( )--OOo-- Stefano Sofia PhD Civil Protection - Marche Region - Italy Meteo Section Snow Section Via del Colle Ameno 5 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona (AN) Uff: +39 071 806 7743 E-mail: stefano.so...@regione.marche.it ---Oo-oO AVVISO IMPORTANTE: Questo messaggio di posta elettronica può contenere informazioni confidenziali, pertanto è destinato solo a persone autorizzate alla ricezione. I messaggi di posta elettronica per i client di Regione Marche possono contenere informazioni confidenziali e con privilegi legali. Se non si è il destinatario specificato, non leggere, copiare, inoltrare o archiviare questo messaggio. Se si è ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, inoltrarlo al mittente ed eliminarlo completamente dal sistema del proprio computer. Ai sensi dell’art. 6 della DGR n. 1394/2008 si segnala che, in caso di necessità ed urgenza, la risposta al presente messaggio di posta elettronica può essere visionata da persone estranee al destinatario. IMPORTANT NOTICE: This e-mail message is intended to be received only by persons entitled to receive the confidential information it may contain. E-mail messages to clients of Regione Marche may contain information that is confidential and legally privileged. Please do not read, copy, forward, or store this message unless you are an intended recipient of it. If you have received this message in error, please forward it to the sender and delete it completely from your computer system. -- Questo messaggio stato analizzato da Libraesva ESG ed risultato non infetto. This message was scanned by Libraesva ESG and is believed to be clean. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-pr
Re: [R] converting to POSIXct
Hi, Petr is right. Apparently as.POSIXct drops the smallest increments if all are zero: ssdf<-read.csv(text="data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value 2002-11-01 00:00:01,1694,7.2 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8", stringsAsFactors=FALSE) ssdf$data_POSIX<-as.POSIXct(ssdf$data_POSIX,"%Y-%m-%d HH:MM:SS") ssdf data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:00:011694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 but if there is a single small increment, they all show up. Jim On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 7:33 PM PIKAL Petr wrote: > > Hi > > You probably has zero hours in all your data > > see > > temp >data_POSIX Sensor_code value > 1 2002-11-01 00:00:001694 7.2 > 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > > without hours > > as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") > [1] "2002-11-01 +01" "2002-11-01 +01" > > add value to hours > > fix(temp) > > temp >data_POSIX Sensor_code value > 1 2002-11-01 00:01:001694 7.2 > 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 > > Voila, hours are back. > > as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") > [1] "2002-11-01 00:01:00 +01" "2002-11-01 00:00:00 +01" > > So nothing wrong in uyour code, hours are there but they are probably not > printed to console and hours are there but hidden. > > Cheers > Petr > > > -Original Message- > > From: R-help On Behalf Of Stefano Sofia > > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 9:20 AM > > To: r-help mailing list > > Subject: [R] converting to POSIXct > > > > Dear R-list users, > > I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. > > I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that attachments > > are > > not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is > > > > data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 > > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 > > ... > > > > I load it with > > myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, sep=",", dec = > > ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) > > > > When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) to > > POSIXct with > > > > myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d > > %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") > > > > the outupt is > > > > 2002-11-01 1694 7.2 > > 2002-11-01 1723 10.8 > > ... > > > > Why I keep loosing hours, minutes and seconds? Wher eis my mistake or my > > misunderstanding? > > > > Sorry again if I have not been able to reproduce the R code, and thank you > > for your support. > > Stefano > > > > (oo) > > --oOO--( )--OOo-- > > Stefano Sofia PhD > > Civil Protection - Marche Region - Italy Meteo Section Snow Section Via del > > Colle Ameno 5 > > 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona (AN) > > Uff: +39 071 806 7743 > > E-mail: stefano.so...@regione.marche.it > > ---Oo-oO > > > > > > > > AVVISO IMPORTANTE: Questo messaggio di posta elettronica può contenere > > informazioni confidenziali, pertanto è destinato solo a persone autorizzate > > alla ricezione. I messaggi di posta elettronica per i client di Regione > > Marche > > possono contenere informazioni confidenziali e con privilegi legali. Se non > > si è > > il destinatario specificato, non leggere, copiare, inoltrare o archiviare > > questo > > messaggio. Se si è ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, inoltrarlo al > > mittente ed eliminarlo completamente dal sistema del proprio computer. Ai > > sensi dell’art. 6 della DGR n. 1394/2008 si segnala che, in caso di > > necessità ed > > urgenza, la risposta al presente messaggio di posta elettronica può essere > > visionata da persone estranee al destinatario. > > IMPORTANT NOTICE: This e-mail message is intended to be received only by > > persons entitled to receive the confidential information it may contain. > > E-mail > > messages to clients of Regione Marche may contain information that is > > confidential and legally privileged. Please do not read, copy, forward, or > > store > > this message unless you are an intended recipient of it. If you have > > received > > this message in error, please forward it to the sender and delete it > > completely from
Re: [R] converting to POSIXct
Hi You probably has zero hours in all your data see > temp data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:00:001694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 without hours > as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") [1] "2002-11-01 +01" "2002-11-01 +01" add value to hours > fix(temp) > temp data_POSIX Sensor_code value 1 2002-11-01 00:01:001694 7.2 2 2002-11-01 00:00:001723 10.8 Voila, hours are back. > as.POSIXct(temp$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") [1] "2002-11-01 00:01:00 +01" "2002-11-01 00:00:00 +01" So nothing wrong in uyour code, hours are there but they are probably not printed to console and hours are there but hidden. Cheers Petr > -Original Message- > From: R-help On Behalf Of Stefano Sofia > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 9:20 AM > To: r-help mailing list > Subject: [R] converting to POSIXct > > Dear R-list users, > I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. > I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that attachments are > not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is > > data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 > 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 > ... > > I load it with > myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, sep=",", dec = > ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) > > When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) to > POSIXct with > > myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d > %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") > > the outupt is > > 2002-11-01 1694 7.2 > 2002-11-01 1723 10.8 > ... > > Why I keep loosing hours, minutes and seconds? Wher eis my mistake or my > misunderstanding? > > Sorry again if I have not been able to reproduce the R code, and thank you > for your support. > Stefano > > (oo) > --oOO--( )--OOo-- > Stefano Sofia PhD > Civil Protection - Marche Region - Italy Meteo Section Snow Section Via del > Colle Ameno 5 > 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona (AN) > Uff: +39 071 806 7743 > E-mail: stefano.so...@regione.marche.it > ---Oo-oO > > > > AVVISO IMPORTANTE: Questo messaggio di posta elettronica può contenere > informazioni confidenziali, pertanto è destinato solo a persone autorizzate > alla ricezione. I messaggi di posta elettronica per i client di Regione Marche > possono contenere informazioni confidenziali e con privilegi legali. Se non > si è > il destinatario specificato, non leggere, copiare, inoltrare o archiviare > questo > messaggio. Se si è ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, inoltrarlo al > mittente ed eliminarlo completamente dal sistema del proprio computer. Ai > sensi dell’art. 6 della DGR n. 1394/2008 si segnala che, in caso di necessità > ed > urgenza, la risposta al presente messaggio di posta elettronica può essere > visionata da persone estranee al destinatario. > IMPORTANT NOTICE: This e-mail message is intended to be received only by > persons entitled to receive the confidential information it may contain. > E-mail > messages to clients of Regione Marche may contain information that is > confidential and legally privileged. Please do not read, copy, forward, or > store > this message unless you are an intended recipient of it. If you have received > this message in error, please forward it to the sender and delete it > completely from your computer system. > > -- > Questo messaggio stato analizzato da Libraesva ESG ed risultato non infetto. > This message was scanned by Libraesva ESG and is believed to be clean. > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- > guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] converting to POSIXct
Dear R-list users, I thought I was able to manage easily POSIXct, but this is not true. I am not going to load the input txt file because I know that attachments are not allowed. The structure of my input txt file is data_POSIX,Sensor_code,value 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1694,7.2 2002-11-01 00:00:00,1723,10.8 ... I load it with myfile <- read.table(file="mypath/myfile.txt", header = TRUE, sep=",", dec = ".", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) When I try to convert the data_POSIX column (which is a character) to POSIXct with myfile$data_POSIX <- as.POSIXct(myfile$data_POSIX, format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tz="Etc/GMT-1") the outupt is 2002-11-01 1694 7.2 2002-11-01 1723 10.8 ... Why I keep loosing hours, minutes and seconds? Wher eis my mistake or my misunderstanding? Sorry again if I have not been able to reproduce the R code, and thank you for your support. Stefano (oo) --oOO--( )--OOo-- Stefano Sofia PhD Civil Protection - Marche Region - Italy Meteo Section Snow Section Via del Colle Ameno 5 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona (AN) Uff: +39 071 806 7743 E-mail: stefano.so...@regione.marche.it ---Oo-oO AVVISO IMPORTANTE: Questo messaggio di posta elettronica può contenere informazioni confidenziali, pertanto è destinato solo a persone autorizzate alla ricezione. I messaggi di posta elettronica per i client di Regione Marche possono contenere informazioni confidenziali e con privilegi legali. Se non si è il destinatario specificato, non leggere, copiare, inoltrare o archiviare questo messaggio. Se si è ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, inoltrarlo al mittente ed eliminarlo completamente dal sistema del proprio computer. Ai sensi dell’art. 6 della DGR n. 1394/2008 si segnala che, in caso di necessità ed urgenza, la risposta al presente messaggio di posta elettronica può essere visionata da persone estranee al destinatario. IMPORTANT NOTICE: This e-mail message is intended to be received only by persons entitled to receive the confidential information it may contain. E-mail messages to clients of Regione Marche may contain information that is confidential and legally privileged. Please do not read, copy, forward, or store this message unless you are an intended recipient of it. If you have received this message in error, please forward it to the sender and delete it completely from your computer system. -- Questo messaggio stato analizzato da Libraesva ESG ed risultato non infetto. This message was scanned by Libraesva ESG and is believed to be clean. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
