Re: [R] help with combination problem
hi Srinivas
I'm not sure I understand: your example result has 10-9 for mu1 but 1
for mu2, which is not equal to 11-9. I will assume you just got the
numbers wrong. (Also J100 should be J1, no?)
I am also wondering why you want what you say. It doesn't seem very
sensible to mix the results from two data frames like this.
The simplest thing is probably to do the two data frames separately,
then intermix the rows. You can do this with for loops:
for (col1 in paste("T", 1:14, sep="")) {
for (col2 in paste("N", 1:16, sep="")) result[[paste(col1, "-",
col2, sep="")]] = df1[[col1]] - df1[[col2]]
}
Now repeat for data frame 2 with another data frame, e.g. result2
Then intermix the rows from result and result2. I'll leave you to
figure that bit out.
David
On 07/06/06, Srinivas Iyyer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> hello:
>
> I have 3 data.frame objects.
>
> First df object:
> Of dim (149,31). Columns 2:31 are marked as T1..T14
> and N1..N16.
>
> Name T1T2N1 T3 N2 N3 N4 T4
> mu1 1010910 9 9 8 10
> mu2 1111911 9 9 9 11
> ...
> muN 1212911 9 9 8 12
>
>
>
>
> Second df object:
> of Dim (5,31). Columns 2:31 are maked as T1...T14
> and N1..N16.
>
> Name T1T2N1 T3 N2 N3 N4 T4
> J1 2 3 20 222 21 29 3
> J2 4 1 20 320 21 22 4
> J3 3 1 33 131 31 33 3
> ...
> JX 3 2 20 221 22 24 2
>
> The column samples are identical in both first and
> second data frames.
>
> Third df object:
> of Dim (200,2).
>
> V1 V2
> mu1:J1 -11
> mu1:J100 -10.4
> mu2:J31 11.3
> mu2:J2 10.4
> . .
> muN:JX 34.5
>
>
>
> I want to create a combination of Ts and Ns. Where I
> want to subtract value of T-N in all combinations(225
> combinations). Such as
> T1-N1,T1-N2,T1-N3,T1-N4,T1-N5...T14-N16
>
> The rows should be the row pairs from 3rd dataframe.
>
>
> The final resultant matrix should look like the
> following:
>
>
> T1-N1 T1-N2 T1-N3 T1-N4 T1-N5...T14-N16
> mu1 1(10-9) 1(10-9) 12 11
> J100 -18(2-20) -20 -19 -27-20 -29
>
> mu2 1 32 2 11
> J2 -19 -21 -39-31-31 -28
>
>
>
> I am a beginner level in R. I apologise for asking
> such a big question and subsequent help. I am unable
> to go forward as I have no idea as to how to do this.
> Could any one please help me.
> Thanks
> sri
>
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>
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Re: [R] how to analyze the following data?--anxious for the result
Asserting `y isn't noramal' only eliminates one possibility. Is it binary, a count, long-tailed, short-tailed, ...? This is really a statistical consulting problem (and apparently about SAS): see the R posting guide for where to seek advice on such problems. As the guide says, had we had sufficient information we might have been able to help, but as you need to ask again, please do so in a more appropriate place. On Thu, 8 Jun 2006, zhijie zhang wrote: > Dear friends, > I have a dataset: response var--y, class var-group, and the third variable-x. > I want to test whether there is statistical significance bewteen > group for y with the controlled x. First, i want to use analysis of > covariance in SAS, but i found that y isn't noramal and can't become > normal through transformation. > Under that condition, what should i do using R / SAS? > Any suggestions are great appreciate! > -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] bootstrapping
In non-parametric bootstrapping, you do draw a sample of the same size as
the original. So
D <- as.vector(WorldPhones[,1])
sample(D, replace=TRUE)
[1] 45939 64721 60423 79831 71799 45939 76036
sample(D, replace=TRUE)
[1] 45939 68484 79831 68484 76036 71799 79831
are two different bootstrap resamples. The problem in the original code
is that it is trying to replace 1 value by a sample. Removing extraneous
bracketing, it was
boot = numeric(200)
for (i in 1:200) boot [i] = sample(D,replace=T)
There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)
and those warnings are
warnings()
Warning messages:
1: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
*and* the values returned are not all the same (as claimed).
To return a set of bootstrap resamples you need something like
boot <- matrix(0,200,length(D))
for (i in 1:200) boot [i,] <- sample(D, replace=TRUE)
or you might intend to save the resampled statistic and not the sample
itself.
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Clément Viel wrote:
2006/6/7, Recep Aykaya <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
hi.
i'm a statistics student and studying bootstrap in R.
i'm trying to draw bootstrap samples from a sample, using the following R
code:
*boot = numeric(200)*
*> {for (i in 1:200)*
* boot [i] = (sample(data,replace=T))}*
i obtain 200 samples but all of them are the same.
i want to obtain different samples. what should i do? can you please help
me
if possible.
thank you.
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Hi,
I think you have forgotten an parameter of the sample function. Indeed the
help page give these information:
sample(x, size, replace = FALSE, prob = NULL)
size: non-negative integer giving the number of items to choose
By default 'size' is equal to 'length(x)' so that 'sample(x)'
generates a random permutation of the elements of 'x' (or '1:x').
Therefore try to add the number of observed values with this:
nb=100 #the number of values for each sample
boot = c()
for (i in 1:200)
boot [i] = mean(sample(x=data,size=nb,replace=TRUE)) # if you try to
estimate the mean
--
Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/
University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self)
1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA)
Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595__
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[R] how to analyze the following data?--anxious for the result
Dear friends, I have a dataset: response var--y, class var-group, and the third variable-x. I want to test whether there is statistical significance bewteen group for y with the controlled x. First, i want to use analysis of covariance in SAS, but i found that y isn't noramal and can't become normal through transformation. Under that condition, what should i do using R / SAS? Any suggestions are great appreciate! -- Kind Regards,Zhi Jie,Zhang ,PHDDepartment of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthFudan UniversityTel:86-21-54237149 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] [OFF] The "best" tool for a space-temporal analyses?
Have you tried RSiteSearch("spatial ecology")? I just got 47 hits
from that. Some of them might be relevant to your question.
If that fails, you might consider providing this group with the math
behind the automata models you are considering. I might expect them to
be expressed in terms of Markov chain (or Markov random field)
probability models with parameters to be estimated. The standard
statistical approach is to consider a sequence of different models, with
at least some of them nested, with increasing numbers of parameters and
levels of complexity. We then estimate the parameters to maximize the
likelihood (= probability of what was observed given the data). Testing
typically assumes that 2*log(likelihood ratio) is approximately
chi-square, with additional precision given by simulation if desired.
Hope this helps.
Spencer Graves
Ronaldo Reis-Jr. wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I try to make an analyses to discover what is the time that an area begin to
> have spacial autocorrelation. And after, what is the number of individuals
> responsible for this autocorrelation.
>
> The main idea is to discover if exist a contamination of a quadrat from
> others
> quadrats and how is the population needed to make this contamination.
>
> This is very common to use automata to simulate this situation. But I try to
> make a more statistical approach. I'm studing about, but I dont know the tool
> for testing examples.
>
> I make an example just for tests:
>
> Geodata <- data.frame(X=rep(rep(c(1:10),
> (rep(10,10))),5),Y=rep(c(1:10),50),Abund=c(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
> 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0,
> 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5,
> 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 10, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3,
> 3, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 10, 15, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 11, 9, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 10, 15, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 13, 16, 13, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 5, 8, 8, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
> 0),Time=rep(c(1:5),rep(100,5)))
>
> X and Y are coordinates, Abund is the number of individuals and Time is the
> date of observation. In this example the population grows from an vertice,
> and after 10 individuals it contaminates your neighbors. I need ideas about
> the best approach and R's tools for this problem.
>
> I'm studing this question in these books:
>
> W.N. Venables, B.D. Ripley. 2003. Modern Applied Statistics with S.
> Springer;
> 4 edition (September 2, 2003). 512 pages.
>
> Crawley, M. J. 2002. Statistical Computing: An Introduction to Data Analysis
> using S-Plus. John Wiley & Sons; 1st edition (May 15, 2002). 772 pages.
>
> Diggle, Peter J. 2003. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns (2nd
> ed.), Arnold, London.
>
> Ripley, B.D. Spatial Statistics
>
> Spatial Ecology
>
> Thanks for all
>
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[R] How to do this simple integration?
Hello,
I have a simple function in the form as follows:
> f<-function(x){sum(v^x)}
where v is a vector. I was trying to integrate f using the command
> I<-integrate(f,0,1)
However, this will not work and seems that the reason is to use
"integrate", the f must be a function that with input and output of same
length. Anyone can point out which command should I use in order to
compute this type of integration(such as a function involve sum(), prod(),
etc.)?
Thank you.
Jianing
--
There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and Statistics.
---Benjamin Disraeli
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Re: [R] simplier way to import txt time-series data
Try this which reads in the data as a data frame and appends a chron variable datetime: Lines <- " MM DD HH data1 data2 2002 12 01 01 0.002 0.003" DF <- read.table(textConnection(Lines), header = TRUE) library(chron) DF$datetime <- with(DF, chron(paste(MM, DD, , sep = "/")) + HH/24) DF On 6/7/06, Jan Schwanbeck <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hello much more experienced R-users, > > I have got a txt - file which contains data formated like this: > > MM DD HH data1 data2 ... data31 > 2002 12 01 01 0.002 0.003 ... 312.0 > > The single columns are divided by at least one space. > > Is their an easy and fast way to make R understand that the first 4 > columns are year month day and hour to recognize it as time series data. > > The time series are not complete. Single hours could be missing. > > Thanks a lot for answering my question. I just cannot believe that it is > a big problem for R to handle this clean format while it even imports > data from excel-files. > > Greatings > > Jan > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] bootstrapping
2006/6/7, Recep Aykaya <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
>
> hi.
> i'm a statistics student and studying bootstrap in R.
>
> i'm trying to draw bootstrap samples from a sample, using the following R
> code:
>
> > *boot = numeric(200)*
> *> {for (i in 1:200)*
>
> * boot [i] = (sample(data,replace=T))}*
>
>
>
> i obtain 200 samples but all of them are the same.
>
> i want to obtain different samples. what should i do? can you please help
> me
> if possible.
>
>
>
> thank you.
>
> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
> __
> R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide!
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>
Hi,
I think you have forgotten an parameter of the sample function. Indeed the
help page give these information:
sample(x, size, replace = FALSE, prob = NULL)
size: non-negative integer giving the number of items to choose
By default 'size' is equal to 'length(x)' so that 'sample(x)'
generates a random permutation of the elements of 'x' (or '1:x').
Therefore try to add the number of observed values with this:
nb=100 #the number of values for each sample
boot = c()
for (i in 1:200)
boot [i] = mean(sample(x=data,size=nb,replace=TRUE)) # if you try to
estimate the mean
--
Clément Viel
Student in Polytech-Lille's engineering school
http://www.polytech-lille.fr
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Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
R-help doesn't foward attached data files like this, but Brian kindly forwarded it to me. You need to restrict X so that it is full rank, it now has rank 19 and column dimension 29 (with intercept). See for example svd(cbind(1,x)). I'll add some better checking for this, but it will basically amount to setting singular.ok = FALSE in lm() and forcings users to do the rank reduction themselves. url:www.econ.uiuc.edu/~rogerRoger Koenker email[EMAIL PROTECTED]Department of Economics vox: 217-333-4558University of Illinois fax: 217-244-6678Champaign, IL 61820 On Jun 7, 2006, at 3:05 PM, Mu Tian wrote: > I attached the data file here. I restarted the PC but it still > happens. It > says a memory address could not be written. I am not sure it is a > problem of > R or quantreg but I plot without problems before I load quantreg. > > Thank you. > > Tian > > On 6/7/06, Prof Brian Ripley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >> Without y and x we cannot reproduce this. >> >> PLEASE do read the posting guide! >> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >> >> On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Mu Tian wrote: >> >> > I forgot to mention my R version is 2.3.1 and quantreg is the most >> updated >> > too. >> >> It has a version number, which the posting guide tells you how to >> find. >> >> > On 6/7/06, Mu Tian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >> >> >> I was trying "quantreg" package, >> >> >> >> lm1 <- lm(y~x) >> >> rq1 <- rq(y~x) >> >> plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, >> etc. but >> this >> >> line can be omited >> >> plot(lm1) #crash here >> >> >> >> It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, >> Pentium(4) >> >> 3.00G. >> >> >> > >> > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] >> >> >> >> -- >> Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] >> Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ >> University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) >> 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) >> Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 >> > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting- > guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] bootstrapping
hi.
i'm a statistics student and studying bootstrap in R.
i'm trying to draw bootstrap samples from a sample, using the following R
code:
> *boot = numeric(200)*
*> {for (i in 1:200)*
* boot [i] = (sample(data,replace=T))}*
i obtain 200 samples but all of them are the same.
i want to obtain different samples. what should i do? can you please help me
if possible.
thank you.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] Using data=x or subset=y in user-defined functions
I suggest you investigate with().
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Manuel Morales wrote:
> Dear list members,
>
> In some of my functions, I attach the data internally to allow subset
> commands or to specify a data frame. This works well except for cases
> where there is a "masking" conflict (which returns a warning). I see
> some alternative listed in ?attach, but I'm not sure which of them do
> what I'd like. Any suggestions?
>
> Below is how I've been setting up my functions:
>
> eg.function <- function(x, data=NULL, subset=NULL, ...) {
>
> # Set up environment
> on.exit(detach(data))
> attach(data)
> if(!is.null(subset)) {
>data<-subset(data,subset)
> detach(data)
> attach(data)
> }
> subset = NULL
>
> # Function body here
> output <- x
> return(output)
> }
>
> Thanks!
>
> Manuel
>
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> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>
--
Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/
University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self)
1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA)
Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595
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Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, roger koenker wrote: > Since the "crash" occurs plotting the lm object it is unclear what > this has to do with quantreg, but maybe you could explain > > 1. what you mean by crash, > 2. something about x,y, > > This is best addressed to the maintainer of the package rather than to > R-help, provided, of course, that it is really a question about > quantreg. Agreed, but just so R-help knows how to solve such problems, I ran this under valgrind (see `Writing R Extensions') and got > rq1 <- rq(y~x) ==7870== Invalid write of size 8 ==7870==at 0x9ED8BDE: rqbr_ (rqbr.f:309) ... ==7870== Address 0x92162A0 is 12,248 bytes inside a block of size 12,288 free'd ==7870==at 0x49055DD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:235) ==7870==by 0x53D64A: build_trtable (regex.c:9618) ==7870==by 0x53AEB4: transit_state (regex.c:8393) ==7870==by 0x538977: check_matching (regex.c:7318) ==7870==by 0x537E89: re_search_internal (regex.c:7007) ==7870==by 0x53EF3D: Rregexec (regex.c:10440) ==7870==by 0x438AAF: do_gsub (character.c:1127) and it seems object lm1 has been trashed and you soon get a segfault. -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Using data=x or subset=y in user-defined functions
Dear list members,
In some of my functions, I attach the data internally to allow subset
commands or to specify a data frame. This works well except for cases
where there is a "masking" conflict (which returns a warning). I see
some alternative listed in ?attach, but I'm not sure which of them do
what I'd like. Any suggestions?
Below is how I've been setting up my functions:
eg.function <- function(x, data=NULL, subset=NULL, ...) {
# Set up environment
on.exit(detach(data))
attach(data)
if(!is.null(subset)) {
data<-subset(data,subset)
detach(data)
attach(data)
}
subset = NULL
# Function body here
output <- x
return(output)
}
Thanks!
Manuel
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Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
I attached the data file here. I restarted the PC but it still happens. It says a memory address could not be written. I am not sure it is a problem of R or quantreg but I plot without problems before I load quantreg. Thank you. Tian On 6/7/06, Prof Brian Ripley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Without y and x we cannot reproduce this. PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Mu Tian wrote: > I forgot to mention my R version is 2.3.1 and quantreg is the most updated > too. It has a version number, which the posting guide tells you how to find. > On 6/7/06, Mu Tian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >> I was trying "quantreg" package, >> >> lm1 <- lm(y~x) >> rq1 <- rq(y~x) >> plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, etc. but this >> line can be omited >> plot(lm1) #crash here >> >> It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, Pentium(4) >> 3.00G. >> > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
Without y and x we cannot reproduce this. PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Mu Tian wrote: > I forgot to mention my R version is 2.3.1 and quantreg is the most updated > too. It has a version number, which the posting guide tells you how to find. > On 6/7/06, Mu Tian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >> I was trying "quantreg" package, >> >> lm1 <- lm(y~x) >> rq1 <- rq(y~x) >> plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, etc. but this >> line can be omited >> plot(lm1) #crash here >> >> It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, Pentium(4) >> 3.00G. >> > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
Since the "crash" occurs plotting the lm object it is unclear what this has to do with quantreg, but maybe you could explain 1. what you mean by crash, 2. something about x,y, This is best addressed to the maintainer of the package rather than to R-help, provided, of course, that it is really a question about quantreg. url:www.econ.uiuc.edu/~rogerRoger Koenker email[EMAIL PROTECTED]Department of Economics vox: 217-333-4558University of Illinois fax: 217-244-6678Champaign, IL 61820 On Jun 7, 2006, at 2:32 PM, Mu Tian wrote: > I was trying "quantreg" package, > > lm1 <- lm(y~x) > rq1 <- rq(y~x) > plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, etc. > but this > line can be omited > plot(lm1) #crash here > > It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, > Pentium(4) > 3.00G. > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting- > guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] R crashes on quantreg
I forgot to mention my R version is 2.3.1 and quantreg is the most updated too. On 6/7/06, Mu Tian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > I was trying "quantreg" package, > > lm1 <- lm(y~x) > rq1 <- rq(y~x) > plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, etc. but this > line can be omited > plot(lm1) #crash here > > It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, Pentium(4) > 3.00G. > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] R crashes on quantreg
I was trying "quantreg" package, lm1 <- lm(y~x) rq1 <- rq(y~x) plot(summary(rq1)) #then got a warning says singular value, etc. but this line can be omited plot(lm1) #crash here It happened every time on my PC, Windows XP Pro Serv. Pack 1, Pentium(4) 3.00G. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] simplier way to import txt time-series data
Hello much more experienced R-users, I have got a txt - file which contains data formated like this: MM DD HH data1 data2 ... data31 2002 12 01 01 0.002 0.003 ... 312.0 The single columns are divided by at least one space. Is their an easy and fast way to make R understand that the first 4 columns are year month day and hour to recognize it as time series data. The time series are not complete. Single hours could be missing. Thanks a lot for answering my question. I just cannot believe that it is a big problem for R to handle this clean format while it even imports data from excel-files. Greatings Jan __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] bootstrap data from groups
I am not sure I understand what you want to do, but maybe some of this
will be helpful. I first generate some data that should resemble yours:
dat<-expand.grid(Region=1:3, Species=1:4, Sex=c("M","F"))
dat<-do.call("rbind",lapply(1:10,function(x) dat))
dat$Bodysize<-rnorm(nrow(dat),10,2)
Now what the following piece of code does is this: it samples 4 of the
10 individuals in each of the 24 subsets (region*species*sex) and
creates a new data frame with 96 cases. It then computes the mean of
bodysize in each of the subsets. The whole thing is done 100 times, the
results are put in a data frame. We end up with 100 bootstrapped means
for the 24 subsets.
groupmeans<-sapply(1:100, function(z) {
dat.rs<-do.call("rbind",
lapply(split(dat,list(dat$Region,dat$Species,dat$Sex)),
function(x) x[sample(10, 4, replace=TRUE),]))
aggregate(dat.rs$Bodysize,
list(dat.rs$Region,dat.rs$Species,dat.rs$Sex),
mean)$x
}
)
tmp<-aggregate(dat$Bodysize,
list(dat$Region,dat$Species,dat$Sex),mean)
rownames(groupmeans)<-apply(tmp[,1:3],1,paste,collapse="")
Now we can compute the mean and sd of the means by group:
> apply(groupmeans,1,mean)
11M 21M 31M 12M 22M 32M
13M 23M
9.353095 9.267570 9.907933 10.992796 9.575841 10.412816 9.646964
9.433724
33M 14M 24M 34M 11F 21F
31F 12F
10.750797 9.083630 10.573421 9.615743 10.267587 10.231126 9.329375
10.799071
22F 32F 13F 23F 33F 14F
24F 34F
9.355510 10.555705 9.919161 10.277103 9.335649 9.339544 10.023688
9.755115
> apply(groupmeans,1,sd)
11M 21M 31M 12M 22M 32M
13M 23M
0.7720758 1.5301540 1.0973516 0.8970237 1.0492995 0.9460970 0.5362957
1.1106675
33M 14M 24M 34M 11F 21F
31F 12F
0.5333081 0.9259341 0.8198624 0.8061832 0.8466780 0.7052473 0.9857680
1.1057607
22F 32F 13F 23F 33F 14F
24F 34F
0.8272433 1.2614559 1.2377154 1.0958545 0.9213648 0.9985215 1.1131870
1.0572494
Milton Cezar schrieb:
> Hi R-friends.
>
> I have a mammalŽs dataset looking like:
>
>Region Species Sex Bodysize
> 1 Sp1 M 10.2
> 1 Sp1 M 12.1
> 1 Sp1 M 9.1
> ...
>
> I have three regions, four species and the body size of 10 individual. IŽd
> like to do a bootstrap resample (100 resamples) of 4 of 10 individuals for
> each Region, Species and Sex and compute de means and S.D. for the
> combinations Regions-Species-Sex.
>
> How can I do that?
>
> Thanks a lot,
>
> Miltinho
>
> __
>
>
> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
>
>
>
> __
> R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
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[R] decideTests extraction of p-values
Hello all,
Here is the code that I am using for finding differentially expressed genes.
#Normalization
library(affy)
library(Biobase)
library(limma)
library(gcrma)
pd<-read.phenoData("file.txt",header=TRUE,row.names=1,as.is=TRUE,sep="\t")
Data <- ReadAffy(filenames=pData(pd)$FileName,phenoData=pd)
print(Data)
eset <- gcrma(Data)
write.exprs(eset, file="decide-test.6-6-06.txt")
#Linear Model
pData(eset)
targets<-pData(eset)
model.matrix(~ -1 +factor(targets$Target,levels=unique(targets$Target)))
design <- model.matrix(~ -1 +
factor(targets$Target,levels=unique(targets$Target)))
unique(targets$Target)
colnames(design) <- unique(targets$Target)
ncol(design)
numParameters <- ncol(design)
colnames(design)
parameterNames <- colnames(design)
design
fit <- lmFit(eset,design=design)
names(fit)
contrastNames <-c(paste(parameterNames[2],parameterNames[1],sep="-"),
paste(parameterNames[3],parameterNames[1],sep="-"),
paste(parameterNames[4],parameterNames[1],sep="-"),
paste(parameterNames[5],parameterNames[1],sep="-"),
paste(parameterNames[6],parameterNames[1],sep="-"),
paste(parameterNames[7],parameterNames[1],sep="-"))
contrastsMatrix <- matrix(c(
-1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
-1,0,1,0,0,0,0,
-1,0,0,1,0,0,0,
-1,0,0,0,1,0,0,
-1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
-1,0,0,0,0,0,1),nrow=ncol(design))
rownames(contrastsMatrix) <- parameterNames
colnames(contrastsMatrix) <- contrastNames
contrastsMatrix
fit2 <- contrasts.fit(fit,contrasts=contrastsMatrix)
names(fit2)
#ebayes
fit2 <- eBayes(fit2)
names(fit2)
numGenes <- nrow([EMAIL PROTECTED])
#decideTest
results <- decideTests(fit2,method="nestedF",p=0.05);
write.fit(fit2, results, "data.txt", adjust="BH");
Is there any way for getting the adjusted p-values from the decideTests method
?
Thanks,
Vijay
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] Edit function
[Pikounis, Bill [CNTUS]]
> view <- function(x) {
> warnopt <- options()$warn
> options(warn=-1)
> on.exit({sink(); options(warn=warnopt)})
> edit(x)
> invisible()
> }
I'm surprised by the necessity of "sink()". Presuming it is necessary
indeed, the above could be simplified a bit like this (untested) code:
view <- function(x) {
on.exit(sink())
invisible(suppressWarnings(edit(x)))
}
The documentation for "suppressWarnings" is not overly clear about if
the "warn" option is restored or not in case of error. It says:
'suppressWarnings' evaluates its expression in a context that
ignores all warnings.
My exegesis :-) for that sentence would be that the context does not
survive the error, and so, the "warn" option is not changed.
--
François Pinard http://pinard.progiciels-bpi.ca
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Re: [R] how to read hdf files under R?
Nicolas Degallier wrote: > Hi! > > I am trying to install in my R environment the rhdf5 package and > library but it seems to have vanished from either the CRAN or > BioConductors sites. > > Can you tell me where it would be possible to find it or any R > library (or function) able to read hdf files? hf5 it is supposed to do this, but I haven't any success trying to open an .hdf (V5) file (i.e: pathfinderv5 sst data) I always get some data format problem message. So I use to search for a netcdf format for the data I want and input into R with the netCDF library (old but useful) BR, arv > > Sincerely, > > Nicolas Degallier > > UMR 7159 / IRD UR182 > Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentation et > Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) > Tour 45-55, 4e ét., case 100, 4 place Jussieu > 75252 Paris Cedex 5 France > > tél: (33) 01 44 27 51 57 > fax: (33) 01 44 27 38 05 > E-mail: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > Publications (anonymous ftp): > > ftp://ftp.lodyc.jussieu.fr/LOCEAN/ndelod > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > -- = Por favor, si me mandas correos con copia a varias personas, pon mi dirección de correo en copia oculta (CCO), para evitar que acabe en montones de sitios, eliminando mi privacidad, favoreciendo la propagación de virus y la proliferación del SPAM. Gracias. - If you send me e-mail which has also been sent to several other people, kindly mark my address as blind-carbon-copy (or BCC), to avoid its distribution, which affects my privacy, increases the likelihood of spreading viruses, and leads to more SPAM. Thanks. = __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] help with combination problem
hello: I have 3 data.frame objects. First df object: Of dim (149,31). Columns 2:31 are marked as T1..T14 and N1..N16. Name T1T2N1 T3 N2 N3 N4 T4 mu1 1010910 9 9 8 10 mu2 1111911 9 9 9 11 ... muN 1212911 9 9 8 12 Second df object: of Dim (5,31). Columns 2:31 are maked as T1...T14 and N1..N16. Name T1T2N1 T3 N2 N3 N4 T4 J1 2 3 20 222 21 29 3 J2 4 1 20 320 21 22 4 J3 3 1 33 131 31 33 3 ... JX 3 2 20 221 22 24 2 The column samples are identical in both first and second data frames. Third df object: of Dim (200,2). V1 V2 mu1:J1 -11 mu1:J100 -10.4 mu2:J31 11.3 mu2:J2 10.4 . . muN:JX 34.5 I want to create a combination of Ts and Ns. Where I want to subtract value of T-N in all combinations(225 combinations). Such as T1-N1,T1-N2,T1-N3,T1-N4,T1-N5...T14-N16 The rows should be the row pairs from 3rd dataframe. The final resultant matrix should look like the following: T1-N1 T1-N2 T1-N3 T1-N4 T1-N5...T14-N16 mu1 1(10-9) 1(10-9) 12 11 J100 -18(2-20) -20 -19 -27-20 -29 mu2 1 32 2 11 J2 -19 -21 -39-31-31 -28 I am a beginner level in R. I apologise for asking such a big question and subsequent help. I am unable to go forward as I have no idea as to how to do this. Could any one please help me. Thanks sri __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Density Estimation
>Not a direct answer to your question, but if you use a logspline density >estimate rather than a kernal density estimate then the logspline >package will help you and it has built in functions for dlogspline, >qlogspline, and plogspline that do the integrals for you. > >If you want to stick with the KDE, then you could find the area under >each of the kernals for the range you are interested in (need to work >out the standard deviation used from the bandwidth, then use pnorm for >the default gaussian kernal), then just sum the individual areas. > >Hope this helps, Thanks a lot for your quick help! I think I will follow your first suggestion (logspline density estimation) instead of summing over the kernel areas because at the boundaries of the range truncated kernel areas can occur, so I think it is easier to do it with logsplines. Thanks again for your help!! Pedro > >-- >Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D. >Statistical Data Center >Intermountain Healthcare >[EMAIL PROTECTED] >(801) 408-8111 > > >-Original Message- >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Pedro Ramirez >Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 11:00 AM >To: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch >Subject: [R] Density Estimation > >Dear R-list, > >I have made a simple kernel density estimation by > >x <- c(2,1,3,2,3,0,4,5,10,11,12,11,10) >kde <- density(x,n=100) > >Now I would like to know the estimated probability that a new >observation falls into the interval 0 >How can I integrate over the corresponding interval? >In several R-packages for kernel density estimation I did not found a >corresponding function. I could apply Simpson's Rule for integrating, >but perhaps somebody knows a better solution. > >Thanks a lot for help! > >Pedro > >_ > >__ >R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list >https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >PLEASE do read the posting guide! >http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Density Estimation
Pedro wrote: > I have made a simple kernel density estimation by > > x <- c(2,1,3,2,3,0,4,5,10,11,12,11,10) > kde <- density(x,n=100) > > Now I would like to know the estimated probability that a > new observation falls into the interval 0 > How can I integrate over the corresponding interval? > In several R-packages for kernel density estimation I did > not found a corresponding function. I could apply > Simpson's Rule for integrating, but perhaps somebody > knows a better solution. One possibility is to use splinefun(): > spiffy <- splinefun(kde$x,kde$y) > integrate(spiffy,0,3) 0.2353400 with absolute error < 2e-09 cheers, Rolf Turner [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] use of R in big companies (references) & R-support esp in Germany
Spencer, I agree that there exist biases within large organizations toward commercial software packages, but I humbly disagree that this can be reduced to geopolitical differences. I work for a US Government Agency and while there is some truth to the feeling "[they] refuse to believe that anything free can be any good", it has little-to-nothing to do with Capitalism vs whatever… I think the feeling has to do more with the *perceived* issues related to support and what is "tried & true" — it's a very conservative approach, one that I face on nearly a daily basis. Apart from my use of R, I am also a heavy user of the open source Geographic Information System (GIS) called GRASS, in which the *dominant* GIS company internationally is ESRI and their very expensive software called ArcGIS. There is very little that ArcGIS can do that GRASS can not do. What is especially troublesome is that ArcGIS is restricted to the MS-Windows platform, whereas GRASS runs on Linux, MacOS X, UNIX, and MS-Windows with Cygwin. Thank you for your references as I hope to use them. Regards, Tom Spencer Graves wrote: > The best rebuttal I've heard recently to arguments like that is Linux > (www.linux.org): It's distributed under the same general public license > (GNU) license as R. > > A perspective that I don't recall having seen on this list is that > the cost of producing and distributing software has become too cheap to > meter, unless you want to charge for it. Open source projects like > Linux and R (and Mozilla, Subversion, and others) were much more > difficult and less common before the Internet, just because the costs of > coordinating development plus producing and distributing the product > made such efforts much more difficult. For a discussion of these > phenomena by two Economics professors at UC-Berkeley, see Shapiro and > Varian (1998) Information Rules (Harvard Business School Pr.). A newer, > similar title by these same authors is "The Economics of Information > Technology"; I haven't read this newer book, but it looks like it could > be relevant also. > > I mention this, because I suspect some of the opposition to open > source, "free" software is ideology: Rabid capitalists refuse to > believe that anything free can be any good. (We could talk about air > and water, but that might be a digression.) Books like this backed by > solid research might help counter such opposition. > > Hope this helps. > Spencer Graves > > Armin Roehrl wrote: > >> Dear R users, >> >> sorry for this general email and I am sure it has been asked >> way too many times. >> >> IT departements in big companies only want to support the big >> standards. Whatever big standards means apart from being expensive. >> >> We are in the process of trying to get a risk management project >> for a big conservative company in Germany. As part of the project >> we would use R to run simulations, but the company is afraid of R. >> >> 1) If anybody has any reference projects using R I can quote, please >> drop me an email. Best would be companies like Siemens, Allianz, >> Munich Re, Daimler Chrysler, Credit Suisse etc. >> >> 2) Are there any software companies around with R know-how and are >> interested in paid R-projects? The bigger the company, the better >> as this client seems to be scared of software companies with less >> than 200 developers. >> >> >> Thanks, >> -Armin >> >> > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > -- Thomas E Adams National Weather Service Ohio River Forecast Center 1901 South State Route 134 Wilmington, OH 45177 EMAIL: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: 937-383-0528 FAX:937-383-0033 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Density Estimation
Not a direct answer to your question, but if you use a logspline density estimate rather than a kernal density estimate then the logspline package will help you and it has built in functions for dlogspline, qlogspline, and plogspline that do the integrals for you. If you want to stick with the KDE, then you could find the area under each of the kernals for the range you are interested in (need to work out the standard deviation used from the bandwidth, then use pnorm for the default gaussian kernal), then just sum the individual areas. Hope this helps, -- Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D. Statistical Data Center Intermountain Healthcare [EMAIL PROTECTED] (801) 408-8111 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Pedro Ramirez Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 11:00 AM To: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch Subject: [R] Density Estimation Dear R-list, I have made a simple kernel density estimation by x <- c(2,1,3,2,3,0,4,5,10,11,12,11,10) kde <- density(x,n=100) Now I would like to know the estimated probability that a new observation falls into the interval 0https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Density Estimation
Dear R-list, I have made a simple kernel density estimation by x <- c(2,1,3,2,3,0,4,5,10,11,12,11,10) kde <- density(x,n=100) Now I would like to know the estimated probability that a new observation falls into the interval 0https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] how to do multiple comparison in the nonparametric statis tical analysis?
Also Consider Bonferroni Hochberg Holm type procedures or . Dunn OJ. Multiple contrasts using rank sum tests. Technometrics 1964;6:241#/52. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] how to do multiple comparison in the nonparametric statistical analysis?
On Thu, 2006-06-08 at 00:10 +0800, zhijie zhang wrote: > Dear Rusers, > As we all know , there are many methods to do multiple comparison in the > parametric statistical analysis, But i can't find some in nonparametric > statistical analysis. > Could anybody give some suggestions? Have you looked at the "npmc" package on CRAN? As a text reference, there is also: Multiple Comparisons: Theory and methods by Jason C. Hsu Chapman & Hall 1996 More information here: http://www.stat.ohio-state.edu/~jch/mc.html Amazon.com link: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0412982811 HTH, Marc Schwartz __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Fw: Help needed using lattice for area plots lpolygon, xyplot.
Perfect. Thank-you!
"Deepayan Sarkar" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
06/07/2006 11:19 AM
To
"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
cc
r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch
Subject
Re: [R] Fw: Help needed using lattice for area plots lpolygon, xyplot.
On 6/7/06, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I am trying to learn how to use the graphics from the lattice package (
> and am very new to R).
>
> I am trying to replicate the example plot referenced below, by using the
> lattice xyplot & lpolygon to create panels. I get what appears to be
the
> correct shape of the filled region, but cannot get the position to
overlay
> properly. I have attempted with various settings of position. ( i.e.
> position = c(0,0,1,1) etc settings as well. I am not understanding
> something about the positioning panels. I am missing some subtle
> difference between polygon & lpolygon, or am missing something about
panel
> overlays &/or panel postions.
>
> #http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/graphcode.php?graph=7.
> par(bg="white")
> n <- 100
> set.seed(43214) #just so we have the same exact graph
> x <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> y <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> xx <- c(0:n, n:0)
> yy <- c(x, rev(y))
> plot(xx, yy, type="n", xlab="Time", ylab="Distance")
> polygon(xx, yy, col="gray")
> title("Distance Between Brownian Motions")
>
>
>
> # using lattice.
> p1 <- xyplot( yy~xx,type='l');
> p2 <- lpolygon(xx,yy,col='blue');
> print(p1,position=c(0,0,1,1), more=TRUE);
> print(p2,position=c(0,0,1,1));
You are missing a fundamental concept in lattice, namely that of panel
functions. A literal translation of that example would be
xyplot(yy ~ xx, panel = lpolygon, col = "gray")
which is more or less equivalent to
xyplot(yy ~ xx,
panel = function(x, y, ...) {
# panel.xyplot(x, y, ...) # unnecessary
lpolygon(x, y, col = "gray")
})
The line commented out is the equivalent of plot(...type='n'), but is
unnecessary here.
Deepayan
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Re: [R] Fw: Help needed using lattice for area plots lpolygon, xyplot.
On 6/7/06, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I am trying to learn how to use the graphics from the lattice package (
> and am very new to R).
>
> I am trying to replicate the example plot referenced below, by using the
> lattice xyplot & lpolygon to create panels. I get what appears to be the
> correct shape of the filled region, but cannot get the position to overlay
> properly. I have attempted with various settings of position. ( i.e.
> position = c(0,0,1,1) etc settings as well. I am not understanding
> something about the positioning panels. I am missing some subtle
> difference between polygon & lpolygon, or am missing something about panel
> overlays &/or panel postions.
>
> #http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/graphcode.php?graph=7.
> par(bg="white")
> n <- 100
> set.seed(43214) #just so we have the same exact graph
> x <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> y <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> xx <- c(0:n, n:0)
> yy <- c(x, rev(y))
> plot(xx, yy, type="n", xlab="Time", ylab="Distance")
> polygon(xx, yy, col="gray")
> title("Distance Between Brownian Motions")
>
>
>
> # using lattice.
> p1 <- xyplot( yy~xx,type='l');
> p2 <- lpolygon(xx,yy,col='blue');
> print(p1,position=c(0,0,1,1), more=TRUE);
> print(p2,position=c(0,0,1,1));
You are missing a fundamental concept in lattice, namely that of panel
functions. A literal translation of that example would be
xyplot(yy ~ xx, panel = lpolygon, col = "gray")
which is more or less equivalent to
xyplot(yy ~ xx,
panel = function(x, y, ...) {
# panel.xyplot(x, y, ...) # unnecessary
lpolygon(x, y, col = "gray")
})
The line commented out is the equivalent of plot(...type='n'), but is
unnecessary here.
Deepayan
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[R] how to do multiple comparison in the nonparametric statistical analysis?
Dear Rusers, As we all know , there are many methods to do multiple comparison in the parametric statistical analysis, But i can't find some in nonparametric statistical analysis. Could anybody give some suggestions? [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] multiple data sets on one plot
On Wed, 2006-06-07 at 10:30 -0500, Mark L Sessing wrote: > Hello, > > I am learning how to use R, and I cannot figure out how to plot more > than one data set on a single plot. Can you help me out? > > Cheers, > Mark It depends upon the type of plot (scatter, lines, bar, etc.) and whether or not you are using R's base graphics or lattice graphics. With more information, we can offer specific guidance. For example, with base graphics, you can add additional plot components with: ?lines ?points ?segments ?matpoints (Note also matplot() on the same page) ?curve ?arrows A good starting place would be Chapter 12 "Graphical Procedures" in An Introduction to R, which is available within your R installation (on Windows from the GUI menus) or from the Documentation links on the R home page. An additional resource is the R Graph Gallery: http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/index.php and Chapter 3 "From Data to Graphics" by Vincent Zoonekynd here: http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/all.html HTH, Marc Schwartz __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Edit function
I use a simple-minded, dirty wrapper on edit:
view <- function(x) {
warnopt <- options()$warn
options(warn=-1)
on.exit({sink(); options(warn=warnopt)})
edit(x)
invisible()
}
I say "dirty", because sometimes the output is re-directed from stdout
somewhere else as an unintended side effect, which is why I have the first
sink() statement in there. (Note the help file on sink() advises in numerous
places on using sink()-related calls with care.) I have not been ambitious
enough to make the above version robust and well-understood, as it works
well for me nearly every time, and when it does not, the side effect and
cleanup is neither damaging nor annoying enough.
Also, I have only really used this under Windows R GUI.
Hope that helps,
Bill
---
Bill Pikounis, PhD
Nonclinical Statistics
Centocor, Inc.
> > edit(data)
>
> But when I close the window then again the materials
> contained in data is displayed in the command window. But I
> do not want to see these materials again. Can anyone give me
> any idea on how to do this?
Hope that helps,
Bill
> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of stat stat
> Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 8:36 AM
> To: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch
> Subject: [R] Edit function
>
>
> Dear all R users,
>
> I have a query on "Edit" function. Suppose I have a data
> frame named "data". I can use EDIT function to see the
> materials contained in data, by using the command:
>
> > edit(data)
>
> But when I close the window then again the materials
> contained in data is displayed in the command window. But I
> do not want to see these materials again. Can anyone give me
> any idea on how to do this?
>
> Thanks and regards,
> stat
>
> Send instant messages to your online friends
http://in.messenger.yahoo.com
Stay connected with your friends even when away from PC. Link:
http://in.mobile.yahoo.com/new/messenger/
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] multiple data sets on one plot
Without more inormation about what you are specifically trying to do, see ?line ?points Sarah On 6/7/06, Mark L Sessing <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Hello, > > I am learning how to use R, and I cannot figure out how to plot more > than one data set on a single plot. Can you help me out? > > Cheers, > Mark > > > -- Sarah Goslee [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] use of R in big companies (references) & R-support esp in Germany
The best rebuttal I've heard recently to arguments like that is Linux (www.linux.org): It's distributed under the same general public license (GNU) license as R. A perspective that I don't recall having seen on this list is that the cost of producing and distributing software has become too cheap to meter, unless you want to charge for it. Open source projects like Linux and R (and Mozilla, Subversion, and others) were much more difficult and less common before the Internet, just because the costs of coordinating development plus producing and distributing the product made such efforts much more difficult. For a discussion of these phenomena by two Economics professors at UC-Berkeley, see Shapiro and Varian (1998) Information Rules (Harvard Business School Pr.). A newer, similar title by these same authors is "The Economics of Information Technology"; I haven't read this newer book, but it looks like it could be relevant also. I mention this, because I suspect some of the opposition to open source, "free" software is ideology: Rabid capitalists refuse to believe that anything free can be any good. (We could talk about air and water, but that might be a digression.) Books like this backed by solid research might help counter such opposition. Hope this helps. Spencer Graves Armin Roehrl wrote: > Dear R users, > > sorry for this general email and I am sure it has been asked > way too many times. > > IT departements in big companies only want to support the big > standards. Whatever big standards means apart from being expensive. > > We are in the process of trying to get a risk management project > for a big conservative company in Germany. As part of the project > we would use R to run simulations, but the company is afraid of R. > > 1) If anybody has any reference projects using R I can quote, please > drop me an email. Best would be companies like Siemens, Allianz, > Munich Re, Daimler Chrysler, Credit Suisse etc. > > 2) Are there any software companies around with R know-how and are > interested in paid R-projects? The bigger the company, the better > as this client seems to be scared of software companies with less > than 200 developers. > > > Thanks, > -Armin > __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] multiple data sets on one plot
Hello, I am learning how to use R, and I cannot figure out how to plot more than one data set on a single plot. Can you help me out? Cheers, Mark -- Mark Sessing CIMMS Research Fellow Meteorologist NWS Warning Decision Training Branch 3200 Marshall Ave Ste. 202 Norman, OK 73072 Phone: 405-573-3332 Fax: 405-573-3462 [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] error bars in lattice xyplot *with groups*
Hi Mike,
If you're not committed to using a panel function, another option is to
use the function lineplot.CI, available in the package sciplot at
http://mutualism.williams.edu/sciplot
E.g.
# Define and generate variables in "long" format
range <- vector()
voice <- vector()
string <- strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part)," ")
for(i in 1:dim(singer)[1]) {
range[i] <- string[[i]][1]
voice[i] <- string[[i]][2]
}
# Define function for CI
conf.int <- function(x) {
st <- boxplot.stats(x)
c((st$conf[2]-st$conf[1])/2)
}
# Plot
library(sciplot)
lineplot.CI(response=height, x.factor=voice, trace.factor=range,
data=singer, fun=median, ci.fun=conf.int)
lineplot.CI(response=height, x.factor=voice.part, data=singer,
fun=median, ci.fun=conf.int)
Manuel
On Tue, 2006-06-06 at 00:20 -0300, Mike Lawrence wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I'm trying to plot error bars in a lattice plot generated with xyplot.
> Deepayan
> Sarkar has provided a very useful solution for simple circumstances
> (https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2005-October/081571.html), yet I am
> having trouble getting it to work when the "groups" setting is enabled in
> xyplot (i.e. multiple lines). To illustrate this, consider the singer data
> generated by the above linked solution previously submitted:
>
> #
> library(lattice)
> singer.split <-
> with(singer,
> split(height, voice.part))
>
> singer.ucl <-
> sapply(singer.split,
>function(x) {
>st <- boxplot.stats(x)
>c(st$stats[3], st$conf)
>})
>
> singer.ucl <- as.data.frame(t(singer.ucl))
> names(singer.ucl) <- c("median", "lower", "upper")
> singer.ucl$voice.part <-
> factor(rownames(singer.ucl),
>levels = rownames(singer.ucl))
>
> #now let's split up the voice.part factor into two factors,
> singer.ucl$voice=factor(rep(c(1,2),4))
> singer.ucl$range=factor(rep(c("Bass","Tenor","Alto","Soprano"),each=2))
>
> #here's Deepayan's previous solution, slightly modified to depict
> # the dependent variable (median) and the error bars on the y-axis
> # and the independent variable (voice.part) on the x-axis
> prepanel.ci <- function(x, y, ly, uy, subscripts, ...)
> {
> x <- as.numeric(x)
> ly <- as.numeric(ly[subscripts])
> uy <- as.numeric(uy[subscripts])
> list(ylim = range(y, uy, ly, finite = TRUE))
> }
> panel.ci <- function(x, y, ly, uy, subscripts, pch = 16, ...)
> {
> x <- as.numeric(x)
> y <- as.numeric(y)
> ly <- as.numeric(ly[subscripts])
> uy <- as.numeric(uy[subscripts])
> panel.arrows(x, ly, x, uy, col = "black",
> length = 0.25, unit = "native",
> angle = 90, code = 3)
> panel.xyplot(x, y, pch = pch, ...)
> }
>
>
> #this graph works
> xyplot(median ~ voice.part,
> data=singer.ucl,
> ly = singer.ucl$lower,
> uy = singer.ucl$upper,
> prepanel = prepanel.ci,
> panel = panel.ci,
> type="b"
> )
>
> #this one does not (it will plot, but will not seperate the groups)
> xyplot(median ~ voice,
> groups=range,
> data=singer.ucl,
> ly = singer.ucl$lower,
> uy = singer.ucl$upper,
> prepanel = prepanel.ci,
> panel = panel.ci,
> type="b"
> )
>
>
>
> Any suggestions?
>
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Re: [R] Help with sample function
I couldn't help but respond to this one, it's not often I see my own name.
Using data from the survival library:
library(survival)
lung[1:10, c('time', 'status')]
Surv(lung$time, lung$status)[1:10]
--Matt
Matt Austin
Statistician
Amgen, Inc
800 9AMGEN9 x77431
805-447-7431
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Matthew Austin
Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 6:57 AM
To: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch
Subject: [R] Help with sample function
I have generated some some survival times and censoring indicators.
Thus I have an ordered pair for each observation. How do I sample these
ordered paris? I only know how to sample from a vector? I would
appreciate any help I could get.
Thanks
Matt
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Re: [R] Help with sample function
try something like: surv.data <- data.frame(times = rexp(100, 1/10), events = rbinom(100, 1, 0.7)) surv.data[sample(nrow(surv.data), replace = TRUE), ] I hope it helps. Best, Dimitris Dimitris Rizopoulos Ph.D. Student Biostatistical Centre School of Public Health Catholic University of Leuven Address: Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, Belgium Tel: +32/(0)16/336899 Fax: +32/(0)16/337015 Web: http://med.kuleuven.be/biostat/ http://www.student.kuleuven.be/~m0390867/dimitris.htm - Original Message - From: "Matthew Austin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 3:57 PM Subject: [R] Help with sample function >I have generated some some survival times and censoring indicators. > Thus I have an ordered pair for each observation. How do I sample > these > ordered paris? I only know how to sample from a vector? I would > appreciate any help I could get. > > Thanks > Matt > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > Disclaimer: http://www.kuleuven.be/cwis/email_disclaimer.htm __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Help with sample function
I have generated some some survival times and censoring indicators. Thus I have an ordered pair for each observation. How do I sample these ordered paris? I only know how to sample from a vector? I would appreciate any help I could get. Thanks Matt __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Edit function
If you want to change the data,_fix_ will be a good option.But if you just want to browse the data ,then invisible(edit(data)) is better one. I remember this question showed up some time ago. 2006/6/7, Ulrich Keller <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: > fix(data) > > will invoke edit(data) and store changes you make in data without > displaying anything. > > stat stat schrieb: > > Dear all R users, > > > > I have a query on "Edit" function. Suppose I have a data frame named > > "data". I can use EDIT function to see the materials contained in data, by > > using the command: > > > > > edit(data) > > > > But when I close the window then again the materials contained in data is > > displayed in the command window. But I do not want to see these materials > > again. Can anyone give me any idea on how to do this? > > > > Thanks and regards, > > stat > > > > Send instant messages to your online friends http://in.messenger.yahoo.com > > > > Stay connected with your friends even when away from PC. Link: > > http://in.mobile.yahoo.com/new/messenger/ > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > __ > > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide! > > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > > > > > > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > -- ronggui huang Deparment of Sociology Fudan University __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Building packages in R - 'private' functions
"Antonio, Fabio Di Narzo" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > 1. If you have time to change internal functions naming, you can rename > internal functions by putting a leading '.'. > Even without namespace, I have noticed there is no check for corresponding > docs for such functions. > > 2. If you don't want to rename all internal functions, the best way is > writing an 'internals.Rd' file with an alias for each internal function > (documented in 'writing R extensions'). > > 3.Finally, you can add a NAMESPACE (see writing R extensions). However, if > you use S3/S4 classes, this can be much more tedious to do. > > I think the no. 2 to be the fastest/safer way. I think adding a NAMESPACE file is the best solution and I don't think that the process needs to be particularly tedious. Having a naming convention for private functions is fine and you can still do that with a NAMESPACE. Non-exported functions do not get checked for documentation, so there is no need for an internals.Rd (of course, it doesn't hurt to give yourself some documentation for when you return to the project 3 months later :-) Besides hiding your private functions, a NAMESPACE protects you from users or other packages redefining functions that you rely on. As an extreme example, if a user redefined length(), many packages without namespaces would break. + seth __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Edit function
fix(data) will invoke edit(data) and store changes you make in data without displaying anything. stat stat schrieb: > Dear all R users, > > I have a query on "Edit" function. Suppose I have a data frame named > "data". I can use EDIT function to see the materials contained in data, by > using the command: > > > edit(data) > > But when I close the window then again the materials contained in data is > displayed in the command window. But I do not want to see these materials > again. Can anyone give me any idea on how to do this? > > Thanks and regards, > stat > > Send instant messages to your online friends http://in.messenger.yahoo.com > > Stay connected with your friends even when away from PC. Link: > http://in.mobile.yahoo.com/new/messenger/ > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > > __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Fw: Help needed using lattice for area plots lpolygon, xyplot.
I am trying to learn how to use the graphics from the lattice package (
and am very new to R).
I am trying to replicate the example plot referenced below, by using the
lattice xyplot & lpolygon to create panels. I get what appears to be the
correct shape of the filled region, but cannot get the position to overlay
properly. I have attempted with various settings of position. ( i.e.
position = c(0,0,1,1) etc settings as well. I am not understanding
something about the positioning panels. I am missing some subtle
difference between polygon & lpolygon, or am missing something about panel
overlays &/or panel postions.
#http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/graphcode.php?graph=7.
par(bg="white")
n <- 100
set.seed(43214) #just so we have the same exact graph
x <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
y <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
xx <- c(0:n, n:0)
yy <- c(x, rev(y))
plot(xx, yy, type="n", xlab="Time", ylab="Distance")
polygon(xx, yy, col="gray")
title("Distance Between Brownian Motions")
# using lattice.
p1 <- xyplot( yy~xx,type='l');
p2 <- lpolygon(xx,yy,col='blue');
print(p1,position=c(0,0,1,1), more=TRUE);
print(p2,position=c(0,0,1,1));
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Re: [R] how to read hdf files under R?
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Nicolas Degallier wrote: > I am trying to install in my R environment the rhdf5 package and > library but it seems to have vanished from either the CRAN or > BioConductors sites. > > Can you tell me where it would be possible to find it or any R > library (or function) able to read hdf files? How about the hdf5 package on CRAN? Works for me. -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] x y averaging thanks
I have three completely different(!) but workable solutions. Thanks much for your help. =Randy= R. Zelick email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Department of Biology voice: 503-725-3086 Portland State University fax: 503-725-3888 mailing: P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 shipping: 1719 SW 10th Ave, Room 246 Portland, OR 97201 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] how to read hdf files under R?
Hi! I am trying to install in my R environment the rhdf5 package and library but it seems to have vanished from either the CRAN or BioConductors sites. Can you tell me where it would be possible to find it or any R library (or function) able to read hdf files? Sincerely, Nicolas Degallier UMR 7159 / IRD UR182 Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Tour 45-55, 4e ét., case 100, 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 5 France tél: (33) 01 44 27 51 57 fax: (33) 01 44 27 38 05 E-mail: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Publications (anonymous ftp): ftp://ftp.lodyc.jussieu.fr/LOCEAN/ndelod __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Help needed using lattice for area plots lpolygon, xyplot.
I am trying to learn how to use the graphics from the lattice package (
and am very new to R).
I am trying to replicate the example plot referenced below, by using the
lattice xyplot & lpolygon to create panels. I get what appears to be the
correct shape of the filled region, but cannot get the position to overlay
properly. I have attempted with various settings of position. ( i.e.
position = c(0,0,1,1) etc settings as well. I am not understanding
something about the positioning panels. I am missing some subtle
difference between polygon & lpolygon, or am missing something about panel
overlays &/or panel postions.
#http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/graphcode.php?graph=7.
par(bg="white")
n <- 100
set.seed(43214) #just so we have the same exact graph
x <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
y <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
xx <- c(0:n, n:0)
yy <- c(x, rev(y))
plot(xx, yy, type="n", xlab="Time", ylab="Distance")
polygon(xx, yy, col="gray")
title("Distance Between Brownian Motions")
# using lattice.
p1 <- xyplot( yy~xx,type='l');
p2 <- lpolygon(xx,yy,col='blue');
print(p1,position=c(0,0,1,1), more=TRUE);
print(p2,position=c(0,0,1,1));
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Re: [R] Edit function
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, stat stat wrote: > Dear all R users, > > I have a query on "Edit" function. Suppose I have a data frame named > "data". I can use EDIT function to see the materials contained in data, > by using the command: > > > edit(data) > > But when I close the window then again the materials contained in data > is displayed in the command window. But I do not want to see these > materials again. Can anyone give me any idea on how to do this? ?invisible > > Thanks and regards, > stat -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Help with selecting data from irregular time series {its} objects
See: ?itsSubset
On 6/7/06, Ivan Kalafatic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> If I understood correctly in irregular time series (its) objects, values are
> indexed by time stamps in POSIX format.
> But if I try to select the value of my time series corresponding to specific
> time stamp in the following way:
> x - its object
>
> i <- as.POSIXct("2006-05-19 15:30:00")
> x[i,] or x[i] or x[i,1] I get the error message: subscript out of bounds.
>
> If I use integers: x[1,1] it is ok I get the first element of time series.
>
> Is there a way to select elements by their corresponding dates?
>
>[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
> __
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>
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Re: [R] making matrix monotonous
[Presuming you mean monotone; many matrices are already monotonous.]
General solutions to this problem are discussed in
@ARTICLE{Friendly:02:corrgram,
author = {M. Friendly},
title = {Corrgrams: Exploratory displays for correlation matrices},
journal = {The American Statistician},
year = {2002},
volume = {56},
pages = {316--324},
number = {4},
url = {http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Papers/corrgram.pdf},
}
and implemented (in SAS)
http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/sasmac/corrgram.html
Rather than just the first principal component, it is usually better
to order the variables by the angles between the first 2 PC,
corresponding to their order around a 2D biplot, using
sort(atan(V2/V1))
-Michael
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Spencer Graves a écrit :
>
>
>> I agree it would be great to sort the variables in a correlation
>>matrix to make it easier to read and see patterns. I don't know any
>>functions for doing that. If it were my problem, I might "order" the
>>variables by their first principal component. There may also be some
>>cluster analysis way to do that, but I don't know it well enough to say.
>> Hope this helps.
>> Spencer Graves
>
>
> Thanks for your answer Spencer.
>
> Here is a first result of a very simple and naive approach.
> http://7d4.com/r/
>
> Of course, there is no assumption the sorting is "optimal",
> but on this little example it helps the matrix being
> more readable.
>
> Vincent
>
> __
> R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
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> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>
--
Michael Friendly Email: friendly AT yorku DOT ca
Professor, Psychology Dept.
York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814
4700 Keele Streethttp://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/friendly.html
Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA
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[R] Edit function
Dear all R users, I have a query on "Edit" function. Suppose I have a data frame named "data". I can use EDIT function to see the materials contained in data, by using the command: > edit(data) But when I close the window then again the materials contained in data is displayed in the command window. But I do not want to see these materials again. Can anyone give me any idea on how to do this? Thanks and regards, stat Send instant messages to your online friends http://in.messenger.yahoo.com Stay connected with your friends even when away from PC. Link: http://in.mobile.yahoo.com/new/messenger/ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] Help with selecting data from irregular time series {its} objects
If I understood correctly in irregular time series (its) objects, values are
indexed by time stamps in POSIX format.
But if I try to select the value of my time series corresponding to specific
time stamp in the following way:
x - its object
i <- as.POSIXct("2006-05-19 15:30:00")
x[i,] or x[i] or x[i,1] I get the error message: subscript out of bounds.
If I use integers: x[1,1] it is ok I get the first element of time series.
Is there a way to select elements by their corresponding dates?
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
Federico Calboli wrote: > Hi All, > > I am using plot(x, type = 'l') for some plotting, but I would like rounded > edges > rather than jagged edges in the plot (purely for aestetic reasons). > > How could I achieve that? > Perhaps you want something like: x<-rnorm(50) plot(spline(1:50,x),type="l") Jim __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
Prof Brian Ripley wrote: > It I understand you aright, that is done by par(lend) but the default is > "round". So maybe your graphics device (unstated) on your OS (unstated) > does not support this. graphics device = X11 (xserver-xorg) OS = Debian GNU/Linux, Kernel 2.4.27-2-686-smp > > We need more details, and preferably a simple reproducible example. s.off.dist [1] 27 26 15 7 32 50 31 19 1 11 8 4 4 5 11 28 4 32 5 39 15 32 3 3 4 [26] 1 2 2 22 1 23 4 2 8 40 14 42 3 1 4 3 4 4 6 2 29 4 8 5 9 [51] 37 2 1 13 13 35 6 9 2 5 31 10 7 1 4 22 3 23 4 10 8 57 1 6 1 [76] 1 4 10 16 3 12 3 10 8 10 11 16 19 5 5 9 9 3 4 1 8 3 12 3 65 [101] 1 7 21 7 2 4 35 15 6 2 6 4 1 14 4 10 24 3 4 3 2 4 11 4 7 [126] 13 7 1 6 2 4 16 3 13 66 10 4 7 2 17 6 4 3 5 6 8 3 3 10 19 [151] 7 3 17 6 6 6 2 9 5 4 4 18 2 3 17 43 22 12 1 3 1 9 3 5 1 [176] 2 5 36 12 23 1 8 10 6 7 19 5 13 2 5 3 9 3 1 12 4 5 3 6 3 [201] 5 1 1 16 6 12 1 5 4 2 2 4 9 9 3 11 7 4 8 14 5 17 3 3 15 [226] 2 4 2 11 13 1 19 7 4 3 20 2 8 5 2 3 4 2 5 5 10 1 9 10 8 [251] 4 4 2 1 3 5 3 1 4 5 13 12 6 5 4 3 10 5 4 1 plot(hist(s.off.dist, breaks = 'fd')$counts ~ hist(s.off.dist, breaks = 'fd')$m, type = 'l') I want the edges to look round, if at all possible. Cheers, Federico -- Federico C. F. Calboli Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Imperial College, St Mary's Campus Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG Tel +44 (0)20 7594 1602 Fax (+44) 020 7594 3193 f.calboli [.a.t] imperial.ac.uk f.calboli [.a.t] gmail.com __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] making matrix monotonous
On 6/7/06, Romain Francois <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Le 07.06.2006 11:20, [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
> > Spencer Graves a écrit :
> >
> >
> >> I agree it would be great to sort the variables in a correlation
> >> matrix to make it easier to read and see patterns. I don't know any
> >> functions for doing that. If it were my problem, I might "order" the
> >> variables by their first principal component. There may also be some
> >> cluster analysis way to do that, but I don't know it well enough to say.
> >> Hope this helps.
> >> Spencer Graves
> >>
> >
> > Thanks for your answer Spencer.
> >
> > Here is a first result of a very simple and naive approach.
> > http://7d4.com/r/
> >
> > Of course, there is no assumption the sorting is "optimal",
> > but on this little example it helps the matrix being
> > more readable.
> >
> > Vincent
> >
> Hello Vincent,
>
> Ahhh, the double for loop, the semicolon, the return call. you still
> believe in R code looking like C don't you.
> Try this one :
>
> matrix.sort2 <- function(M, fun = function(m) colSums(abs(m)) ){
> M[or <- order(fun(M) , decreasing=T), or]
> }
Even if this works I don't think its guaranteed since one cannot
be sure the first argument, or<-..., is evaluated before the second, or.
Also use TRUE in case there is a T variable in workspace:
matrix.sort3 <- function(M, fun = function(m) colSums(abs(m)) ) {
or <- order(fun(M), decreasing = TRUE)
M[or, or]
}
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Re: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
On Wed, 7 Jun 2006, Federico Calboli wrote: > Hi All, > > I am using plot(x, type = 'l') for some plotting, but I would like > rounded edges rather than jagged edges in the plot (purely for aestetic > reasons). > > How could I achieve that? It I understand you aright, that is done by par(lend) but the default is "round". So maybe your graphics device (unstated) on your OS (unstated) does not support this. We need more details, and preferably a simple reproducible example. -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] making matrix monotonous
Le 07.06.2006 11:20, [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
> Spencer Graves a écrit :
>
>
>> I agree it would be great to sort the variables in a correlation
>> matrix to make it easier to read and see patterns. I don't know any
>> functions for doing that. If it were my problem, I might "order" the
>> variables by their first principal component. There may also be some
>> cluster analysis way to do that, but I don't know it well enough to say.
>> Hope this helps.
>> Spencer Graves
>>
>
> Thanks for your answer Spencer.
>
> Here is a first result of a very simple and naive approach.
> http://7d4.com/r/
>
> Of course, there is no assumption the sorting is "optimal",
> but on this little example it helps the matrix being
> more readable.
>
> Vincent
>
Hello Vincent,
Ahhh, the double for loop, the semicolon, the return call. you still
believe in R code looking like C don't you.
Try this one :
matrix.sort2 <- function(M, fun = function(m) colSums(abs(m)) ){
M[or <- order(fun(M) , decreasing=T), or]
}
Romain
--
visit the R Graph Gallery : http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques
mixmod 1.7 is released : http://www-math.univ-fcomte.fr/mixmod/index.php
+---+
| Romain FRANCOIS - http://francoisromain.free.fr |
| Doctorant INRIA Futurs / EDF |
+---+
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Re: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
Dimitris Rizopoulos wrote: > probably you want to use the `lend' argument of ?par(); I hope it helps. Does not seem to work in my case. F -- Federico C. F. Calboli Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Imperial College, St Mary's Campus Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG Tel +44 (0)20 7594 1602 Fax (+44) 020 7594 3193 f.calboli [.a.t] imperial.ac.uk f.calboli [.a.t] gmail.com __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
probably you want to use the `lend' argument of ?par(); I hope it helps. Best, Dimitris Dimitris Rizopoulos Ph.D. Student Biostatistical Centre School of Public Health Catholic University of Leuven Address: Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, Belgium Tel: +32/(0)16/336899 Fax: +32/(0)16/337015 Web: http://med.kuleuven.be/biostat/ http://www.student.kuleuven.be/~m0390867/dimitris.htm - Original Message - From: "Federico Calboli" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: "r-help" Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 12:40 PM Subject: [R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l') > Hi All, > > I am using plot(x, type = 'l') for some plotting, but I would like > rounded edges > rather than jagged edges in the plot (purely for aestetic reasons). > > How could I achieve that? > > Cheers, > > Federico > > -- > Federico C. F. Calboli > Department of Epidemiology and Public Health > Imperial College, St Mary's Campus > Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG > > Tel +44 (0)20 7594 1602 Fax (+44) 020 7594 3193 > > f.calboli [.a.t] imperial.ac.uk > f.calboli [.a.t] gmail.com > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > Disclaimer: http://www.kuleuven.be/cwis/email_disclaimer.htm __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] smoothing plot(x, type ='l')
Hi All, I am using plot(x, type = 'l') for some plotting, but I would like rounded edges rather than jagged edges in the plot (purely for aestetic reasons). How could I achieve that? Cheers, Federico -- Federico C. F. Calboli Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Imperial College, St Mary's Campus Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG Tel +44 (0)20 7594 1602 Fax (+44) 020 7594 3193 f.calboli [.a.t] imperial.ac.uk f.calboli [.a.t] gmail.com __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] making matrix monotonous
Spencer Graves a écrit : > I agree it would be great to sort the variables in a correlation > matrix to make it easier to read and see patterns. I don't know any > functions for doing that. If it were my problem, I might "order" the > variables by their first principal component. There may also be some > cluster analysis way to do that, but I don't know it well enough to say. > Hope this helps. > Spencer Graves Thanks for your answer Spencer. Here is a first result of a very simple and naive approach. http://7d4.com/r/ Of course, there is no assumption the sorting is "optimal", but on this little example it helps the matrix being more readable. Vincent __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] How to create list of objects?
Thanks everybody - it's working Rainer Dimitris Rizopoulos wrote: > try something like: > > lapply(f, summary) > sapply(f, function(x) AIC(logLik(x))) > > > Best, > Dimitris > > > Dimitris Rizopoulos > Ph.D. Student > Biostatistical Centre > School of Public Health > Catholic University of Leuven > > Address: Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, Belgium > Tel: +32/(0)16/336899 > Fax: +32/(0)16/337015 > Web: http://med.kuleuven.be/biostat/ > http://www.student.kuleuven.be/~m0390867/dimitris.htm > > > - Original Message - > From: "Rainer M Krug" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > To: "R help list" > Sent: Tuesday, June 06, 2006 4:38 PM > Subject: [R] How to create list of objects? > > >> Hi >> >> I am doing several mle and want to store them in a list (or whatever >> is >> the right construct) to be able to analyse them later. >> >> at the moment I am doing: >> >> f <- list() >> f$IP <- mle(...) >> f$NE <- mle(...) >> >> but when I say: >>> summary(f) >> I get: >> >> Length Class Mode >> IP 0 mle list >> NE 0 mle list >> >> I don't get the output I would have, i.e. the one from >>> summary(f$IP) >> summary(f$IP) >> Maximum likelihood estimation >> >> Call: >> mle(minuslogl = IPNeglogPoisL, method = "L-BFGS-B", fixed = list(), >>control = list(maxit = 1e+08, factr = 1e-20)) >> >> Coefficients: >> Estimate Std. Error >> a 1242.0185506 44.92341097 >> b0.8802538 0.01685811 >> >> -2 log L: 145.3509 >> >> >> What I want to do is something like: >> >> AICs <- AIC(logLik(f)) >> >> and then have all the AICs in the vector AICs. >> >> It must be possible or is this again a namespace issue? >> >> Rainer >> >> -- >> Rainer M. Krug, Dipl. Phys. (Germany), MSc Conservation >> Biology (UCT) >> >> Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology >> University of Stellenbosch >> Matieland 7602 >> South Africa >> >> __ >> R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >> PLEASE do read the posting guide! >> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >> > > > Disclaimer: http://www.kuleuven.be/cwis/email_disclaimer.htm > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html -- Rainer M. Krug, Dipl. Phys. (Germany), MSc Conservation Biology (UCT) Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology University of Stellenbosch Matieland 7602 South Africa Tel:+27 - (0)72 808 2975 (w) Fax:+27 - (0)21 808 3304 Cell: +27 - (0)83 9479 042 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Building packages in R - 'private' functions
1. If you have time to change internal functions naming, you can rename internal functions by putting a leading '.'. Even without namespace, I have noticed there is no check for corresponding docs for such functions. 2. If you don't want to rename all internal functions, the best way is writing an 'internals.Rd' file with an alias for each internal function (documented in 'writing R extensions'). 3.Finally, you can add a NAMESPACE (see writing R extensions). However, if you use S3/S4 classes, this can be much more tedious to do. I think the no. 2 to be the fastest/safer way. Antonio. 2006/6/7, Dan Rabosky <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: > > > Hello. > > I am creating an R package that I'd like to submit to CRAN (OS Windows > XP). How do I distinguish among 'public' functions, e.g., those that are > intended to be called by users of the package and for which I am providing > documentation & examples, and 'private' functions, which are used > internally by the 'public' functions, but for which I do not wish to > provide documentation? The private functions are all coded in R (nothing > in C or Fortran) and are essential to the operation of several public > functions. > > I have been unable to find any documentation on this in the 'writing r > extensions' manual', on previous posts to R-help, or through any other > source. One possibility is to include the source code for the 'private' > functions within the public functions. However, since multiple public > functions utilize the same core set of 'private' functions, this seems > unwieldy and redundant at best. > > If I simply include the source for the 'private' functions in the "R" > directory (without corresponding *.Rd and *.html documentation in /man), > then check the package with "R CMD check', it does appear to process the > private functions (and successfully builds with R CMD build). However, I > do receive a warning for including undocumented code objects. Is this the > recommended approach and/or is there a better way to do this? One > potential problem with this approach is that - should an error occur > within > a private function, it may be very difficult for the user to decipher the > nature of the problem. > > Any suggestions will be greatly appreciated. > ~Dan Rabosky > > > > Dan Rabosky > Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology > 237 Corson Hall > Cornell University > Ithaca, NY14853-2701 USA > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > web: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/evb/Graduates_Dan.htm > > __ > R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide! > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Building packages in R - 'private' functions
Dan Rabosky wrote:
> Hello.
>
> I am creating an R package that I'd like to submit to CRAN (OS Windows
> XP). How do I distinguish among 'public' functions, e.g., those that are
> intended to be called by users of the package and for which I am providing
> documentation & examples, and 'private' functions, which are used
> internally by the 'public' functions, but for which I do not wish to
> provide documentation? The private functions are all coded in R (nothing
> in C or Fortran) and are essential to the operation of several public
> functions.
>
> I have been unable to find any documentation on this in the 'writing r
> extensions' manual', on previous posts to R-help, or through any other
> source. One possibility is to include the source code for the 'private'
> functions within the public functions. However, since multiple public
> functions utilize the same core set of 'private' functions, this seems
> unwieldy and redundant at best.
>
> If I simply include the source for the 'private' functions in the "R"
> directory (without corresponding *.Rd and *.html documentation in /man),
> then check the package with "R CMD check', it does appear to process the
> private functions (and successfully builds with R CMD build). However, I
> do receive a warning for including undocumented code objects. Is this the
> recommended approach and/or is there a better way to do this? One
> potential problem with this approach is that - should an error occur within
> a private function, it may be very difficult for the user to decipher the
> nature of the problem.
>
> Any suggestions will be greatly appreciated.
> ~Dan Rabosky
>
>
>
> Dan Rabosky
> Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
> 237 Corson Hall
> Cornell University
> Ithaca, NY14853-2701 USA
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> web: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/evb/Graduates_Dan.htm
>
> __
> R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
it's in the 'extensions' manual, including an example I believe:
1.
create a file `NAMESPACE' in the package top level dir (beside `R' and
`man') containing the single line
exportPattern("^[^\\.]")
2.
name all private functions with a leading `.' (more precisely: all
functions starting with a `.' are private in this setting).
of course, you can modify the pattern to suit another naming convention.
joerg
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Re: [R] x y averaging
It's confusing to have time values that are different but `match', so
first you want to reduce your times to hh:mm (e.g. with substr).
Then you can cbind() the data frames, and use tapply() to do the
averaging. E.g.
d1 <- read.table("foo1")
d2 <- read.table("foo2")
d <- cbind(d1, d2)
d$time <- factor(substr(as.character(d$x), 1, 5))
tapply(d$y, d$time, mean)
14:56 14:62 14:68 15:59 16:05 16:11 16:17 16:23 16:33 16:39
0.3250 0.1110 0.2140 0.2575 0.2545 0.3040 0.2550 0.2630 0.2630 0.3000
There are other ways, e.g.
aggregate(d["y"], list(d$time), mean)
or via ave().
On Tue, 6 Jun 2006, Randy Zelick wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I am trying to average a number of data sets where the x vector contains
> times and the Y data are instrument readings. The vectors all have
> different numbers of values, but many X time values match. For example:
>
> A fragment of the first data set:
>
> x vectvalue
> 14:56:10 0.325
> 14:62:11 0.111
> 14:68:11 0.214
> .
> .
> .
> this can go on for 100's of values, spaced by 6 minutes, but there can be
> gaps too, like:
>
> 16:05:18 0.245
> 16:11:09 0.266
> 16:17:05 0.271
> 16:33:00 0.304
> 16:39:05 0.300
>
>
> A fragment of the second data set:
>
> 15:59:08 0.255
> 16:05:44 0.281
> 16:11:25 0.249
> 16:17:39 0.238
> 16:23:51 0.288
>
>
> ...and the result I am looking for is a new vector that looks like this:
>
> 14:56:10 0.325
> 14:62:11 0.111
> 14:68:11 0.214
> .
> .
> .
> 15:59:08 0.255
> 16:05:18 0.2630 * matches, so average
> 16:11:09 0.2575 * matches, so average
> 16:17:05 0.2545 * matches, so average
> 16:33:00 0.304
> 16:39:05 0.300
>
>
> The times values in the new X vector are properly interleaved taking data
> across the datasets, but when there is a match the Y values are averaged.
> Note that the seconds don't matter.
>
> I am using R Version 2.2.1 on a PC
>
> Thanks for thinking about it,
>
> =Randy=
>
> R. Zelick email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Department of Biology voice: 503-725-3086
> Portland State University fax: 503-725-3888
>
> mailing:
> P.O. Box 751
> Portland, OR 97207
>
> shipping:
> 1719 SW 10th Ave, Room 246
> Portland, OR 97201
>
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> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>
--
Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/
University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self)
1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA)
Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595
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