Re: [R] writing several command line in R console
Hallo
On 4 Mar 2003 at 2:36, Vincent Stoliaroff wrote:
Hi R lovers
I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console
editor without breaking the continuity of my code more clearly : if
for example I write a function, so far i have to write the all code
inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the function is
more and more complex. I would like to do like in the example of the
manuels:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {
n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);s2 -
var(y2) s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) tst - (yb1 -
yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
all I can do is something like that:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
+yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);s2 -
+var(y2) s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
+ tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
with the sign + in front of each line
What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems
Thanks
Maybe looking to the manuals will be more precise than my
answer.
+ is a continuity sign and means you did not finished your imput
and you shall continue typing your command.
But why you do not use any text ditor for writing functions and
than copy/paste to R command window?
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CheersPetr Pikal
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Re: [R] writing several command line in R console
Petr Pikal [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console
editor without breaking the continuity of my code more clearly : if
for example I write a function, so far i have to write the all code
inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the function is
more and more complex. I would like to do like in the example of the
manuels:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {
n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);s2 -
var(y2) s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) tst - (yb1 -
yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
...
+ is a continuity sign and means you did not finished your imput
and you shall continue typing your command.
But why you do not use any text ditor for writing functions and
than copy/paste to R command window?
I'm not sure if and how it works on Windows, but on Unix one of the
better kept secrets of the readline library is that you can embed
newlines by typing ctr-V ctr-J, e.g.
x - matrix(c(1,2,3,
4,5,6,
7,8,9), 3)
The nice thing is that it allows you to recall the entire command and
edit it (I don't think it survives being saved to the history file
though). If you have ever had to correct a typo in an expression that
has been split over 8 lines, you'll know what I mean:
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,fix typo,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET,
up,up,up,up,up,up,up,up,RET
--
O__ Peter Dalgaard Blegdamsvej 3
c/ /'_ --- Dept. of Biostatistics 2200 Cph. N
(*) \(*) -- University of Copenhagen Denmark Ph: (+45) 35327918
~~ - ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) FAX: (+45) 35327907
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Re: [R] writing several command line in R console
You can start the first line with (. Then everything you write will
NOT be syntactically complelte until you issue the closing ). I
learned this from Venables and Ripley, Modern Applied Statistics with S.
The + sign in front of each line is NOT something you should enter: R
changes its prompt to tell you that the previous line was not
syntactically complete.
I prefer to keep my code someplace else and then transfer a complete
function into R at one time. See
http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ESS/index.html;
Does this answer your questions?
Best Wishes,
Spencer Graves
Vincent Stoliaroff wrote:
Hi R lovers
I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console
editor without breaking the continuity of my code
more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i have to write
the all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the
function is more and more complex.
I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {
n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);s2 - var(y2)
s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
all I can do is something like that:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
+yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);s2 -
var(y2)
+s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
+ tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
with the sign + in front of each line
What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems
Thanks
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RE: [R] writing several command line in R console
The R prompt should be though of as a one line editor or rather one
expression editor. You can not step between lines etc while editing an
expression. The + in front of each row placed there by R indicating
that even if you have typed ENTER the expression is not finished and
that R expect you to close it (normally by closing brackets, parentesis
etc). The + is just an indicator and will not be included in your
expression.
What you really want to do when you create functions etc is to write the
up in an external text editor, save them with the extension *.R, e.g.
twosam.R, and the use source to read the function in to R, i.e.
source(twosam.R)
Make sure to save your twosam.R file as *text*. If you're using Windows
you can use Notepad to do this. Also, you have to save the file in the
working directory of R. You can find the current working directory of R
by
getwd()
Alternatively, you'll have to specify the full path to the file when
using source
source(C:/My Documents/hb/twosam.R)
Hope this helps!
Henrik Bengtsson
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vincent
Stoliaroff
Sent: den 4 mars 2003 13:36
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [R] writing several command line in R console
Hi R lovers
I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R
console editor
without breaking the continuity of my code
more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i
have to write the
all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as
the function is
more and more complex.
I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {
n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);
s2 - var(y2)
s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
all I can do is something like that:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
+yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);
s2 - var(y2)
+s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
+ tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
with the sign + in front of each line
What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems Thanks
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RE: [R] writing several command line in R console
Thanks to all
1) OK for the + sign and the problem of syntactelly unbreaking when you
open a { or a (
2) Thanks for the advise to use another editor for the functions. And then
the source() function. I tried it succesfully
Long life to R!
From: Henrik Bengtsson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: 'Vincent Stoliaroff' [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: [R] writing several command line in R console
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:04:13 +1100
The R prompt should be though of as a one line editor or rather one
expression editor. You can not step between lines etc while editing an
expression. The + in front of each row placed there by R indicating
that even if you have typed ENTER the expression is not finished and
that R expect you to close it (normally by closing brackets, parentesis
etc). The + is just an indicator and will not be included in your
expression.
What you really want to do when you create functions etc is to write the
up in an external text editor, save them with the extension *.R, e.g.
twosam.R, and the use source to read the function in to R, i.e.
source(twosam.R)
Make sure to save your twosam.R file as *text*. If you're using Windows
you can use Notepad to do this. Also, you have to save the file in the
working directory of R. You can find the current working directory of R
by
getwd()
Alternatively, you'll have to specify the full path to the file when
using source
source(C:/My Documents/hb/twosam.R)
Hope this helps!
Henrik Bengtsson
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vincent
Stoliaroff
Sent: den 4 mars 2003 13:36
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [R] writing several command line in R console
Hi R lovers
I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R
console editor
without breaking the continuity of my code
more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i
have to write the
all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as
the function is
more and more complex.
I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {
n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);
s2 - var(y2)
s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
all I can do is something like that:
twosam - function(y1, y2) {n1 - length(y1); n2 - length(y2)
+yb1 - mean(y1); yb2 - mean(y2)s1 - var(y1);
s2 - var(y2)
+s - ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
+ tst - (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2))tst }
with the sign + in front of each line
What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems Thanks
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