Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 18:46:47 GMT, Roman Kennke wrote: >> I've reviewed the changes in v23 and v24. Trying another >> Mach5 Tier1 job set. > >> I've reviewed the changes in v23 and v24. Trying another Mach5 Tier1 job set. > > I just now pushed a simple change that changes the log message > 'inflate(fast-locked)' to 'inflate(has_locker)' to make those tests happy. @rkennke : Hi, I have prepared some extra changes for RISC-V to make it work. See attachment. BTW: You might also want to use -w instructions in MacroAssembler::fast_unlock for aarch64. [more-riscv-changes.txt](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/files/10977109/more-riscv-changes.txt) - PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/10907
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 18:46:47 GMT, Roman Kennke wrote: >> I've reviewed the changes in v23 and v24. Trying another >> Mach5 Tier1 job set. > >> I've reviewed the changes in v23 and v24. Trying another Mach5 Tier1 job set. > > I just now pushed a simple change that changes the log message > 'inflate(fast-locked)' to 'inflate(has_locker)' to make those tests happy. @rkennke this still seems to be very much a work-in-progress rather than actual PR review at this stage. Perhaps it should move back to draft until you actually have something you think is ready for integration? - PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/10907
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 15:47:29 GMT, Roman Kennke wrote: >> This change adds a fast-locking scheme as an alternative to the current >> stack-locking implementation. It retains the advantages of stack-locking >> (namely fast locking in uncontended code-paths), while avoiding the overload >> of the mark word. That overloading causes massive problems with Lilliput, >> because it means we have to check and deal with this situation when trying >> to access the mark-word. And because of the very racy nature, this turns out >> to be very complex and would involve a variant of the inflation protocol to >> ensure that the object header is stable. (The current implementation of >> setting/fetching the i-hash provides a glimpse into the complexity). >> >> What the original stack-locking does is basically to push a stack-lock onto >> the stack which consists only of the displaced header, and CAS a pointer to >> this stack location into the object header (the lowest two header bits being >> 00 indicate 'stack-locked'). The pointer into the stack can then be used to >> identify which thread currently owns the lock. >> >> This change basically reverses stack-locking: It still CASes the lowest two >> header bits to 00 to indicate 'fast-locked' but does *not* overload the >> upper bits with a stack-pointer. Instead, it pushes the object-reference to >> a thread-local lock-stack. This is a new structure which is basically a >> small array of oops that is associated with each thread. Experience shows >> that this array typcially remains very small (3-5 elements). Using this lock >> stack, it is possible to query which threads own which locks. Most >> importantly, the most common question 'does the current thread own me?' is >> very quickly answered by doing a quick scan of the array. More complex >> queries like 'which thread owns X?' are not performed in very >> performance-critical paths (usually in code like JVMTI or deadlock >> detection) where it is ok to do more complex operations (and we already do). >> The lock-stack is also a new set of GC roots, and would be scanned during >> thread scanning, possibly concurrently, via the normal protocols. >> >> The lock-stack is grown when needed. This means that we need to check for >> potential overflow before attempting locking. When that is the case, locking >> fast-paths would call into the runtime to grow the stack and handle the >> locking. Compiled fast-paths (C1 and C2 on x86_64 and aarch64) do this check >> on method entry to avoid (possibly lots) of such checks at locking sites. >> >> In contrast to stack-locking, fast-locking does *not* support recursive >> locking (yet). When that happens, the fast-lock gets inflated to a full >> monitor. It is not clear if it is worth to add support for recursive >> fast-locking. >> >> One trouble is that when a contending thread arrives at a fast-locked >> object, it must inflate the fast-lock to a full monitor. Normally, we need >> to know the current owning thread, and record that in the monitor, so that >> the contending thread can wait for the current owner to properly exit the >> monitor. However, fast-locking doesn't have this information. What we do >> instead is to record a special marker ANONYMOUS_OWNER. When the thread that >> currently holds the lock arrives at monitorexit, and observes >> ANONYMOUS_OWNER, it knows it must be itself, fixes the owner to be itself, >> and then properly exits the monitor, and thus handing over to the contending >> thread. >> >> As an alternative, I considered to remove stack-locking altogether, and only >> use heavy monitors. In most workloads this did not show measurable >> regressions. However, in a few workloads, I have observed severe >> regressions. All of them have been using old synchronized Java collections >> (Vector, Stack), StringBuffer or similar code. The combination of two >> conditions leads to regressions without stack- or fast-locking: 1. The >> workload synchronizes on uncontended locks (e.g. single-threaded use of >> Vector or StringBuffer) and 2. The workload churns such locks. IOW, >> uncontended use of Vector, StringBuffer, etc as such is ok, but creating >> lots of such single-use, single-threaded-locked objects leads to massive >> ObjectMonitor churn, which can lead to a significant performance impact. But >> alas, such code exists, and we probably don't want to punish it if we can >> avoid it. >> >> This change enables to simplify (and speed-up!) a lot of code: >> >> - The inflation protocol is no longer necessary: we can directly CAS the >> (tagged) ObjectMonitor pointer to the object header. >> - Accessing the hashcode could now be done in the fastpath always, if the >> hashcode has been installed. Fast-locked headers can be used directly, for >> monitor-locked objects we can easily reach-through to the displaced header. >> This is safe because Java threads participate in monitor deflation protocol.
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 18:41:59 GMT, Daniel D. Daugherty wrote: > I've reviewed the changes in v23 and v24. Trying another Mach5 Tier1 job set. I just now pushed a simple change that changes the log message 'inflate(fast-locked)' to 'inflate(has_locker)' to make those tests happy. - PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/10907
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 15:47:29 GMT, Roman Kennke wrote: >> This change adds a fast-locking scheme as an alternative to the current >> stack-locking implementation. It retains the advantages of stack-locking >> (namely fast locking in uncontended code-paths), while avoiding the overload >> of the mark word. That overloading causes massive problems with Lilliput, >> because it means we have to check and deal with this situation when trying >> to access the mark-word. And because of the very racy nature, this turns out >> to be very complex and would involve a variant of the inflation protocol to >> ensure that the object header is stable. (The current implementation of >> setting/fetching the i-hash provides a glimpse into the complexity). >> >> What the original stack-locking does is basically to push a stack-lock onto >> the stack which consists only of the displaced header, and CAS a pointer to >> this stack location into the object header (the lowest two header bits being >> 00 indicate 'stack-locked'). The pointer into the stack can then be used to >> identify which thread currently owns the lock. >> >> This change basically reverses stack-locking: It still CASes the lowest two >> header bits to 00 to indicate 'fast-locked' but does *not* overload the >> upper bits with a stack-pointer. Instead, it pushes the object-reference to >> a thread-local lock-stack. This is a new structure which is basically a >> small array of oops that is associated with each thread. Experience shows >> that this array typcially remains very small (3-5 elements). Using this lock >> stack, it is possible to query which threads own which locks. Most >> importantly, the most common question 'does the current thread own me?' is >> very quickly answered by doing a quick scan of the array. More complex >> queries like 'which thread owns X?' are not performed in very >> performance-critical paths (usually in code like JVMTI or deadlock >> detection) where it is ok to do more complex operations (and we already do). >> The lock-stack is also a new set of GC roots, and would be scanned during >> thread scanning, possibly concurrently, via the normal protocols. >> >> The lock-stack is grown when needed. This means that we need to check for >> potential overflow before attempting locking. When that is the case, locking >> fast-paths would call into the runtime to grow the stack and handle the >> locking. Compiled fast-paths (C1 and C2 on x86_64 and aarch64) do this check >> on method entry to avoid (possibly lots) of such checks at locking sites. >> >> In contrast to stack-locking, fast-locking does *not* support recursive >> locking (yet). When that happens, the fast-lock gets inflated to a full >> monitor. It is not clear if it is worth to add support for recursive >> fast-locking. >> >> One trouble is that when a contending thread arrives at a fast-locked >> object, it must inflate the fast-lock to a full monitor. Normally, we need >> to know the current owning thread, and record that in the monitor, so that >> the contending thread can wait for the current owner to properly exit the >> monitor. However, fast-locking doesn't have this information. What we do >> instead is to record a special marker ANONYMOUS_OWNER. When the thread that >> currently holds the lock arrives at monitorexit, and observes >> ANONYMOUS_OWNER, it knows it must be itself, fixes the owner to be itself, >> and then properly exits the monitor, and thus handing over to the contending >> thread. >> >> As an alternative, I considered to remove stack-locking altogether, and only >> use heavy monitors. In most workloads this did not show measurable >> regressions. However, in a few workloads, I have observed severe >> regressions. All of them have been using old synchronized Java collections >> (Vector, Stack), StringBuffer or similar code. The combination of two >> conditions leads to regressions without stack- or fast-locking: 1. The >> workload synchronizes on uncontended locks (e.g. single-threaded use of >> Vector or StringBuffer) and 2. The workload churns such locks. IOW, >> uncontended use of Vector, StringBuffer, etc as such is ok, but creating >> lots of such single-use, single-threaded-locked objects leads to massive >> ObjectMonitor churn, which can lead to a significant performance impact. But >> alas, such code exists, and we probably don't want to punish it if we can >> avoid it. >> >> This change enables to simplify (and speed-up!) a lot of code: >> >> - The inflation protocol is no longer necessary: we can directly CAS the >> (tagged) ObjectMonitor pointer to the object header. >> - Accessing the hashcode could now be done in the fastpath always, if the >> hashcode has been installed. Fast-locked headers can be used directly, for >> monitor-locked objects we can easily reach-through to the displaced header. >> This is safe because Java threads participate in monitor deflation protocol.
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 18:16:36 GMT, Daniel D. Daugherty wrote: > I kicked off a round of Mach5 Tier1 testing last night. I got 133 SA test > failures that are probably fixed by v24. > runtime/logging/MonitorInflationTest.java also failed on all 5 configs tested > in Tier1: > > ``` > java.lang.RuntimeException: 'inflate(has_locker):' missing from stdout/stderr > at > jdk.test.lib.process.OutputAnalyzer.shouldContain(OutputAnalyzer.java:221) > at MonitorInflationTest.analyzeOutputOn(MonitorInflationTest.java:41) > at MonitorInflationTest.main(MonitorInflationTest.java:56) > at > java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) > at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578) > at > com.sun.javatest.regtest.agent.MainActionHelper$AgentVMRunnable.run(MainActionHelper.java:312) > at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1623) > ``` > > I suspect that the failing condition is one that I added to the test a long > time ago so I'll be taking a look. Aww, that is bad timing. I pushed a change yesterday that broke SA, and I only pushed a fix 2 hours ago. It should be good now, in case you want to try it again. Thank you for your effort to review and test this change! Roman - PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/10907
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
On Tue, 14 Mar 2023 15:47:29 GMT, Roman Kennke wrote: >> This change adds a fast-locking scheme as an alternative to the current >> stack-locking implementation. It retains the advantages of stack-locking >> (namely fast locking in uncontended code-paths), while avoiding the overload >> of the mark word. That overloading causes massive problems with Lilliput, >> because it means we have to check and deal with this situation when trying >> to access the mark-word. And because of the very racy nature, this turns out >> to be very complex and would involve a variant of the inflation protocol to >> ensure that the object header is stable. (The current implementation of >> setting/fetching the i-hash provides a glimpse into the complexity). >> >> What the original stack-locking does is basically to push a stack-lock onto >> the stack which consists only of the displaced header, and CAS a pointer to >> this stack location into the object header (the lowest two header bits being >> 00 indicate 'stack-locked'). The pointer into the stack can then be used to >> identify which thread currently owns the lock. >> >> This change basically reverses stack-locking: It still CASes the lowest two >> header bits to 00 to indicate 'fast-locked' but does *not* overload the >> upper bits with a stack-pointer. Instead, it pushes the object-reference to >> a thread-local lock-stack. This is a new structure which is basically a >> small array of oops that is associated with each thread. Experience shows >> that this array typcially remains very small (3-5 elements). Using this lock >> stack, it is possible to query which threads own which locks. Most >> importantly, the most common question 'does the current thread own me?' is >> very quickly answered by doing a quick scan of the array. More complex >> queries like 'which thread owns X?' are not performed in very >> performance-critical paths (usually in code like JVMTI or deadlock >> detection) where it is ok to do more complex operations (and we already do). >> The lock-stack is also a new set of GC roots, and would be scanned during >> thread scanning, possibly concurrently, via the normal protocols. >> >> The lock-stack is grown when needed. This means that we need to check for >> potential overflow before attempting locking. When that is the case, locking >> fast-paths would call into the runtime to grow the stack and handle the >> locking. Compiled fast-paths (C1 and C2 on x86_64 and aarch64) do this check >> on method entry to avoid (possibly lots) of such checks at locking sites. >> >> In contrast to stack-locking, fast-locking does *not* support recursive >> locking (yet). When that happens, the fast-lock gets inflated to a full >> monitor. It is not clear if it is worth to add support for recursive >> fast-locking. >> >> One trouble is that when a contending thread arrives at a fast-locked >> object, it must inflate the fast-lock to a full monitor. Normally, we need >> to know the current owning thread, and record that in the monitor, so that >> the contending thread can wait for the current owner to properly exit the >> monitor. However, fast-locking doesn't have this information. What we do >> instead is to record a special marker ANONYMOUS_OWNER. When the thread that >> currently holds the lock arrives at monitorexit, and observes >> ANONYMOUS_OWNER, it knows it must be itself, fixes the owner to be itself, >> and then properly exits the monitor, and thus handing over to the contending >> thread. >> >> As an alternative, I considered to remove stack-locking altogether, and only >> use heavy monitors. In most workloads this did not show measurable >> regressions. However, in a few workloads, I have observed severe >> regressions. All of them have been using old synchronized Java collections >> (Vector, Stack), StringBuffer or similar code. The combination of two >> conditions leads to regressions without stack- or fast-locking: 1. The >> workload synchronizes on uncontended locks (e.g. single-threaded use of >> Vector or StringBuffer) and 2. The workload churns such locks. IOW, >> uncontended use of Vector, StringBuffer, etc as such is ok, but creating >> lots of such single-use, single-threaded-locked objects leads to massive >> ObjectMonitor churn, which can lead to a significant performance impact. But >> alas, such code exists, and we probably don't want to punish it if we can >> avoid it. >> >> This change enables to simplify (and speed-up!) a lot of code: >> >> - The inflation protocol is no longer necessary: we can directly CAS the >> (tagged) ObjectMonitor pointer to the object header. >> - Accessing the hashcode could now be done in the fastpath always, if the >> hashcode has been installed. Fast-locked headers can be used directly, for >> monitor-locked objects we can easily reach-through to the displaced header. >> This is safe because Java threads participate in monitor deflation protocol.
Re: RFR: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme [v25]
> This change adds a fast-locking scheme as an alternative to the current > stack-locking implementation. It retains the advantages of stack-locking > (namely fast locking in uncontended code-paths), while avoiding the overload > of the mark word. That overloading causes massive problems with Lilliput, > because it means we have to check and deal with this situation when trying to > access the mark-word. And because of the very racy nature, this turns out to > be very complex and would involve a variant of the inflation protocol to > ensure that the object header is stable. (The current implementation of > setting/fetching the i-hash provides a glimpse into the complexity). > > What the original stack-locking does is basically to push a stack-lock onto > the stack which consists only of the displaced header, and CAS a pointer to > this stack location into the object header (the lowest two header bits being > 00 indicate 'stack-locked'). The pointer into the stack can then be used to > identify which thread currently owns the lock. > > This change basically reverses stack-locking: It still CASes the lowest two > header bits to 00 to indicate 'fast-locked' but does *not* overload the upper > bits with a stack-pointer. Instead, it pushes the object-reference to a > thread-local lock-stack. This is a new structure which is basically a small > array of oops that is associated with each thread. Experience shows that this > array typcially remains very small (3-5 elements). Using this lock stack, it > is possible to query which threads own which locks. Most importantly, the > most common question 'does the current thread own me?' is very quickly > answered by doing a quick scan of the array. More complex queries like 'which > thread owns X?' are not performed in very performance-critical paths (usually > in code like JVMTI or deadlock detection) where it is ok to do more complex > operations (and we already do). The lock-stack is also a new set of GC roots, > and would be scanned during thread scanning, possibly concurrently, via the > normal p rotocols. > > The lock-stack is grown when needed. This means that we need to check for > potential overflow before attempting locking. When that is the case, locking > fast-paths would call into the runtime to grow the stack and handle the > locking. Compiled fast-paths (C1 and C2 on x86_64 and aarch64) do this check > on method entry to avoid (possibly lots) of such checks at locking sites. > > In contrast to stack-locking, fast-locking does *not* support recursive > locking (yet). When that happens, the fast-lock gets inflated to a full > monitor. It is not clear if it is worth to add support for recursive > fast-locking. > > One trouble is that when a contending thread arrives at a fast-locked object, > it must inflate the fast-lock to a full monitor. Normally, we need to know > the current owning thread, and record that in the monitor, so that the > contending thread can wait for the current owner to properly exit the > monitor. However, fast-locking doesn't have this information. What we do > instead is to record a special marker ANONYMOUS_OWNER. When the thread that > currently holds the lock arrives at monitorexit, and observes > ANONYMOUS_OWNER, it knows it must be itself, fixes the owner to be itself, > and then properly exits the monitor, and thus handing over to the contending > thread. > > As an alternative, I considered to remove stack-locking altogether, and only > use heavy monitors. In most workloads this did not show measurable > regressions. However, in a few workloads, I have observed severe regressions. > All of them have been using old synchronized Java collections (Vector, > Stack), StringBuffer or similar code. The combination of two conditions leads > to regressions without stack- or fast-locking: 1. The workload synchronizes > on uncontended locks (e.g. single-threaded use of Vector or StringBuffer) and > 2. The workload churns such locks. IOW, uncontended use of Vector, > StringBuffer, etc as such is ok, but creating lots of such single-use, > single-threaded-locked objects leads to massive ObjectMonitor churn, which > can lead to a significant performance impact. But alas, such code exists, and > we probably don't want to punish it if we can avoid it. > > This change enables to simplify (and speed-up!) a lot of code: > > - The inflation protocol is no longer necessary: we can directly CAS the > (tagged) ObjectMonitor pointer to the object header. > - Accessing the hashcode could now be done in the fastpath always, if the > hashcode has been installed. Fast-locked headers can be used directly, for > monitor-locked objects we can easily reach-through to the displaced header. > This is safe because Java threads participate in monitor deflation protocol. > This would be implemented in a separate PR > > > Testing: > - [x] tier1 x86_64 x aarch64 x +UseFastLocking > - [x] tier2 x86_6
