RE: Q : Calling an action via a java URL ?
I haven't actually used it, but the Commons HttpClient (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/index.html) might of interest to you. Steve > -Original Message- > From: Henry Voyer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: September 13, 2003 8:50 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Q : Calling an action via a java URL ? > > > hi fellow programmers > > im trying to call a struts action via http in a java program. > > Something like URL (Action to call) > > http://localhost:8443/printHelloWorld.do > > this returns a blank page with the text "Hello World" > > I want to read this input from a java program using something like > >URL u = new URL(notificationServiceURL); > URLConnection uc = u.openConnection(); > uc.setDoOutput(true); > uc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", > "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); > PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(uc.getOutputStream()); > > pw.close(); > > BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( > uc.getInputStream())); > String res = in.readLine() >.trim(); > in.close(); > > But i keep getting some errors. > Has someone tried this before? with parameters, properties, etc etc? > > Thanks a lot > > _ > STOP MORE SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE* > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail > > > > - > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Q : Calling an action via a java URL ?
hi fellow programmers im trying to call a struts action via http in a java program. Something like URL (Action to call) http://localhost:8443/printHelloWorld.do this returns a blank page with the text "Hello World" I want to read this input from a java program using something like URL u = new URL(notificationServiceURL); URLConnection uc = u.openConnection(); uc.setDoOutput(true); uc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(uc.getOutputStream()); pw.close(); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( uc.getInputStream())); String res = in.readLine() .trim(); in.close(); But i keep getting some errors. Has someone tried this before? with parameters, properties, etc etc? Thanks a lot _ STOP MORE SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RemoveAttributeAction always failure
Hi. I can't make org.apache.struts.scaffold.RemoveAttributeAction works. this is my action config, Thanks LFung - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Validator, DynaForms, and Collections
That's it - I was looking at it from the wrong perspective and could make sense of it. Thanks! Joe David Graham wrote: --- "Joe @ Team345" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Thanks David. This was the only "workaround" I could think of as well. Yet it doesn't make sense to me - why are all the non-Collection fields on the form maintained (i.e. upon returning the input page text fields, etc. are all populated with previous values), but the Collections are not? Anyone know? Think of it in terms of HTTP requests/responses. 1. User requests form url. 2. Collection is placed into the request 3. Control is passed to form.jsp which renders the collection. 4. Form is sent to user and all request data is lost in your server. 5. User fills out the form and presses submit. 6. Only the values in the submitted form are sent back to the server *not* the whole collection. 7. Server validates data and sends back *submitted* values to input page. So, storing the collection in the session allows it to persist through the entire HTTP conversation instead of getting lost on the first response. David David Graham wrote: Make sure your collection is stored in the session. If it's in the request you will lose it when returning to the input page. David --- Joe at Team345 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Hi, I'm using the Struts Validator (version 1.1 release) on DynaValidatorForms. Everything seems to work just fine on forms that don't have collections on them. However, several of my forms have pull-down lists where I do something like: Without validation everything works perfectly. When validation is enabled and control returns to this form (because of invalid input), I get a null access error for the bean:define. Anyone else see such behavior and/or know how to fix it? I tried using instead (to eliminate the bean:define). However, this just results in a different error: failed to obtain specified collection. Thus, I think there is a problem with combining the three things listed in the subject. Sorry for being so long winded - especially on a Friday! any help appreciated, Joe Gamache - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Really Dynamic Forms
DynaForms aren't as dynamic as there name suggest, at least not until you start using indexed properties.If the case of forms you'll still be wanting to use struts html tags, as jstl doesn't cover this yet until java servers faces is released. For most cases nesting beans works //in struts config I'm using arraylist rather than User[] .. I still need to find out whether there's an advantage. .. //in the bean public class User { String name; getName() { return name; } setName(String str) { this.name = str; } } .. //in the action User user = new User(); user.setName("Brian Blessed"); User anotherUser = new User(); anotherUser.setName("Brian Clough"); ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); list.add(user); list.add(anotherUser); theForm.set("user",list); .. ... ArrayList userList = (ArrayList) theForm.get("user"); for(int i = 0;i < userList.size();i++) { User user = (User) userList.get(i); System.out.println(user.getName()); } .. Cheers Mark On Friday, September 12, 2003, at 02:54 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ok. So to use variable names they reccomend using <% for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String name = "value(foo-" + i + ")"; %> <% } %> I would like to use JSTL, but you can't put jstl tags inside struts tags and someone mentioned at one point that I should use EL... soo, any links as to where I can read about this? Thanks, Denis - Original Message - From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: "Struts Users Mailing List" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Friday, September 12, 2003 9:43 AM Subject: Re: Really Dynamic Forms Well. So after I write, I found http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/userGuide/ building_controller.html#map_action_form_classes Thanks anyway. Regards, Denis - Original Message - From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: "Struts Users Mailing List" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Friday, September 12, 2003 9:40 AM Subject: Really Dynamic Forms Hello, So I have a problem, and I just can't get out of the box to look at it anymore so I am writing you all: I have a user registration page and action i am writing. User can have a variable number of properties with different names that need to be filled in. User also has some properties that always need to be filled in. I am not sure how to do this using struts forms of any kind. It seems to me that I need to define at least the names of the properties in advance, when that will be changing (I know the client will be adding and removing properties in the future so I can't hardcode them). Right now I am using a regular form, I have my fixed properties hardcoded, and variable ones are preloaded in a map in the setup action and I iterate over them to display them. Then in the action I retrieve them. This is fine until I want to validate something, and I really like struts forms validation, so i'd like to use them if possible. To summarize: I have a map of properties, as well as some regular properties. I want to use a struts form to retrieve the data. I don't know how to do it so the names are dynamic. Regards, Denis - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Question about properties in the struts configuration file
Hi, I can see that for each action, is possible to define some properties via the property element. Now, I cannot see any method in the ActionConfig file which returns those properties. Is there anything I'm missing? Marco - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Validator, DynaForms, and Collections
One work around that doesn't require you to place your Collection in the session is to make the input attribute value of your action element equal to your "setup" action for the page. Another thing to think about is if your Collections are composed of static data, place them in the ServletContext when your web application starts up and then a single copy is available to all users. robert > -Original Message- > From: Joe @ Team345 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Saturday, September 13, 2003 9:26 AM > To: Struts Users Mailing List > Subject: Re: Validator, DynaForms, and Collections > > > Thanks David. This was the only "workaround" I could think of as well. > Yet it doesn't make sense to me - why are all the non-Collection fields > on the form maintained (i.e. upon returning the input page text fields, > etc. are all populated with previous values), but the Collections are not? > > Anyone know? > > David Graham wrote: > > >Make sure your collection is stored in the session. If it's in the > >request you will lose it when returning to the input page. > > > >David > > > >--- Joe at Team345 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > >>Hi, > >> > >>I'm using the Struts Validator (version 1.1 release) on > >>DynaValidatorForms. > >>Everything seems to work just fine on forms that don't have collections > >>on > >>them. However, several of my forms have pull-down lists where I do > >>something like: > >> > >> > >> > >> >>labelProperty="label" > >>/> > >> > >> > >>Without validation everything works perfectly. When validation is > >>enabled > >>and control returns to this form (because of invalid input), I get a > >>null > >>access error for the bean:define. > >> > >>Anyone else see such behavior and/or know how to fix it? > >> > >>I tried using instead (to eliminate the > >>bean:define). However, this just results in a different error: failed > >>to > >>obtain specified collection. Thus, I think there is a problem with > >>combining the three things listed in the subject. > >> > >>Sorry for being so long winded - especially on a Friday! > >> > >>any help appreciated, > >> > >>Joe Gamache > >> > >> > >>- > >>To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >>For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >> > >> > >> > > > > > >__ > >Do you Yahoo!? > >Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software > >http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com > > > >- > >To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > > > > > > > > > - > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Validator, DynaForms, and Collections
--- "Joe @ Team345" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Thanks David. This was the only "workaround" I could think of as well. > Yet it doesn't make sense to me - why are all the non-Collection fields > on the form maintained (i.e. upon returning the input page text fields, > etc. are all populated with previous values), but the Collections are > not? > > Anyone know? Think of it in terms of HTTP requests/responses. 1. User requests form url. 2. Collection is placed into the request 3. Control is passed to form.jsp which renders the collection. 4. Form is sent to user and all request data is lost in your server. 5. User fills out the form and presses submit. 6. Only the values in the submitted form are sent back to the server *not* the whole collection. 7. Server validates data and sends back *submitted* values to input page. So, storing the collection in the session allows it to persist through the entire HTTP conversation instead of getting lost on the first response. David > > David Graham wrote: > > >Make sure your collection is stored in the session. If it's in the > >request you will lose it when returning to the input page. > > > >David > > > >--- Joe at Team345 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > >>Hi, > >> > >>I'm using the Struts Validator (version 1.1 release) on > >>DynaValidatorForms. > >>Everything seems to work just fine on forms that don't have > collections > >>on > >>them. However, several of my forms have pull-down lists where I do > >>something like: > >> > >> > >> > >> >>labelProperty="label" > >>/> > >> > >> > >>Without validation everything works perfectly. When validation is > >>enabled > >>and control returns to this form (because of invalid input), I get a > >>null > >>access error for the bean:define. > >> > >>Anyone else see such behavior and/or know how to fix it? > >> > >>I tried using instead (to eliminate the > >>bean:define). However, this just results in a different error: > failed > >>to > >>obtain specified collection. Thus, I think there is a problem with > >>combining the three things listed in the subject. > >> > >>Sorry for being so long winded - especially on a Friday! > >> > >>any help appreciated, > >> > >>Joe Gamache > >> > >> > >>- > >>To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >>For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >> > >> > >> > > > > > >__ > >Do you Yahoo!? > >Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software > >http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com > > > >- > >To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > > > > > > > > > - > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: EL Question
> "denis" == denis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: denis> So this is my JSP code: denis> ... denis> denis> denis> ... denis> denis> ...when I try to execute that I get the following error. denis> org.apache.jasper.JasperException: An error occurred while evaluating custom denis> action attribute "property" with value "${property(prop.key)}": denis> org.apache.taglibs.standard.lang.jstl.parser.ParseException: EL functions denis> are not supported. (null) I'm guessing you should change it to this: -- === David M. Karr ; Java/J2EE/XML/Unix/C++ [EMAIL PROTECTED] ; SCJP; SCWCD; SCBCD - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Retrieving the ModuleConfig object
I use: mapping.getModuleConfig(); ... but understand this only returns the ModuleConfig info for the current module. Hue. > -Original Message- > From: Marco Tedone [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: 13 September 2003 10:28 > To: Struts-user-list > Subject: Retrieving the ModuleConfig object > > > Hi, is it possible to retrieve a ModuleConfig object (with the module > configuration information) directly from within an Action without any > backwork? > > Marco > > > > > - > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > --- > Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. > Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). > Version: 6.0.518 / Virus Database: 316 - Release Date: 11/09/2003 > --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.518 / Virus Database: 316 - Release Date: 11/09/2003 - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Validator, DynaForms, and Collections
Thanks David. This was the only "workaround" I could think of as well. Yet it doesn't make sense to me - why are all the non-Collection fields on the form maintained (i.e. upon returning the input page text fields, etc. are all populated with previous values), but the Collections are not? Anyone know? David Graham wrote: Make sure your collection is stored in the session. If it's in the request you will lose it when returning to the input page. David --- Joe at Team345 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Hi, I'm using the Struts Validator (version 1.1 release) on DynaValidatorForms. Everything seems to work just fine on forms that don't have collections on them. However, several of my forms have pull-down lists where I do something like: Without validation everything works perfectly. When validation is enabled and control returns to this form (because of invalid input), I get a null access error for the bean:define. Anyone else see such behavior and/or know how to fix it? I tried using instead (to eliminate the bean:define). However, this just results in a different error: failed to obtain specified collection. Thus, I think there is a problem with combining the three things listed in the subject. Sorry for being so long winded - especially on a Friday! any help appreciated, Joe Gamache - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Retrieving the ModuleConfig object
Look at the Javadoc for o.a.s.Globals.MODULE_KEY With it you can get the current module from the request, or append the module prefix (name) to look up any module in the ServletContext. Steve > -Original Message- > From: Marco Tedone [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: September 13, 2003 2:28 AM > To: Struts-user-list > Subject: Retrieving the ModuleConfig object > > > Hi, is it possible to retrieve a ModuleConfig object (with > the module > configuration information) directly from within an Action > without any > backwork? > > Marco > > > > > > - > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: EL Question
Hi Denis, have you got EL working at all at any point, or is it just this page? I can't say I've seen that error before but it looks like a configuration problem. By the way, why are you populating your formfields this way, and not letting struts take care of it for you? Are you deliberately using a second action form for this page? Adam On 09/12/2003 08:45 PM [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here it is with a bit better formatting... sorry. Hello, ok so I have a map backed form and I am trying to use html-el functions to enter values into the form.I am getting an error and I am not sure why, I am not sure what other way I am supposed to define which property I need to store data into. So this is my JSP code: ... ... My form has... private Map properties; public void setProperty(String key, Object value) { properties.put(key, value);} public Object getProperty(String key) { return properties.get(key);} ...when I try to execute that I get the following error. org.apache.jasper.JasperException: An error occurred while evaluating custom action attribute "property" with value "${property(prop.key)}": org.apache.taglibs.standard.lang.jstl.parser.ParseException: EL functions are not supported. (null) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:2 54) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:295) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:241) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:853) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher. java:684) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatch er.java:432) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher .java:356) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.doForward(RequestProcessor.java:10 69) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesRequestProcessor.doForward(TilesRequestProcesso r.java:274) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processForwardConfig(RequestProces sor.java:455) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesRequestProcessor.processForwardConfig(TilesRequ estProcessor.java:320) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:279) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1480) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doGet(ActionServlet.java:506) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:740) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:853) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(Application FilterChain.java:247) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterCh ain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.ja va:256) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:643) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:480) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:995) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.ja va:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:643) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:480) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:995) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.invoke(StandardContext.java:2415) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:180 ) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:643) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorDispatcherValve.invoke(ErrorDispatcherValve. java:171) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:641) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:172 ) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:641) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:480) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:995) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java :174) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline$StandardPipelineValveContext.invok eNext(StandardPipeline.java:643) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:480) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:995) at org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Processor.process(Ajp13Processor.java:466) at org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Processor.run(Ajp13Processor.java:585) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:536) - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- struts 1.1 + tomcat 4.1.27 + java 1.4.2 Linux
Re: xhtml, html:javascript tag &
OK, I see. So the only problem that will arise then would be if I have < or & in my error messages then. I guess I can live with that. Thanks David, Adam On 09/12/2003 08:37 PM David Graham wrote: Use to disable the CDATA printing. Current browsers are broken in their handling of xhtml and CDATA sections. David --- Adam Hardy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: I have a problem trying to get XHTML to work with the
Retrieving the ModuleConfig object
Hi, is it possible to retrieve a ModuleConfig object (with the module configuration information) directly from within an Action without any backwork? Marco - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Easy Question
Non-String Form bean properties are evil though, you'll thank yourself later if you use Strings +1 -Original Message- From: Michael Ruppin [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, 13 September 2003 04:14 To: Struts Users Mailing List Subject: RE: Easy Question Non-String Form bean properties are evil though, you'll thank yourself later if you use Strings. As long as the String is set to something sensible like "true" or "false", your checkbox will be properly set. I'm sure there are ample posts on the pros & cons of this approach, here's one pro thread: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=struts-user&m=106159073522015&w=2 m "Slattery, Tim - BLS" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Sorry for emailing so many questions. My last one (i promise) is, > how do I set an to display as checked? The "property" attribute of the tag should point to a boolean property of the FormBean. If that property is "true" the box will be checked. -- Tim Slattery [EMAIL PROTECTED] - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software - To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]