[biofuel] CHINESE TALLOW TREE
Dear Mr. Jain, The following information from The Nature Conservancy describes Sapium Sebiferum L.) Roxb., as The Chinese Tallow Tree. Details:- THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203-1606 (703) 841-5300 SCIENTIFIC NAME Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. SYNONYMS Triadica sinensis Lour., Triadica sebifera (L.) Small, Croton sebiferum L., Stillingia sebifera (L.) Michx., Excoecaria sebifera Müll. Arg. COMMON NAME Chinese tallowtree, popcorn tree, Florida aspen, white wax berry The specific name sebiferum means wax-bearing. The common name Chinese tallowtree refers to its 1,500 year history of being used as a seed-oil crop in Asia, while popcorn tree refers to its persistent, white fruit. ECONOMIC USES The outer covering of the seeds contains a solid fat known as Chinese vegetable tallow, and the kernels produce a drying oil called stillingia oil. Candles, soap, cloth dressing, and fuel are made from the tallow. The oil is used in machine oils, as a crude lamp oil, in making varnishes and paints (because of its quick-drying properties), and as a substitute for linseed oil. The oil is also reportedly used in Chinese medicine as an emetic or purgative, but overdoses can cause violent sickness and perhaps death (Duke 1983). S. sebiferum may represent an industrial toxic hazard in terms of both pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting effects (Brooks et al. 1987). After the seeds have been processed, the residual cakes are often used as fertilizer/green manure. A black dye can be made by boiling leaves of S. sebiferum in alum water (Duke 1983). Tallow wood is white and close-grained, suitable for carving and for making blocks in Chinese printing. The wood is also used for furniture making and incense. In the early 1900s, the Foreign Plant Introduction Division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture introduced S. sebiferum into Texas and other parts of the Gulf Coast states in order to establish a local soap industry (Scheld and Cowles 1981). In the 1970s and early 1980s, S. sebiferum was regarded as a promising biomass candidate in the Gulf Coast region of the United States because of its ability to resprout, its rapid growth rate, and its drought and salt tolerance (Scheld and Cowles 1981). Field trials demonstrate that it can produce six times as much woody biomass as cottonwoods and aspens (Populus spp.) in Wisconsin (Scheld and Cowles 1981). S. sebiferum can be easily grown by conventional agricultural methods and can provide woody biomass for direct burning or for conversion into charcoal, ethanol, or methanol (Scheld and Cowles 1981). Oil from S. sebiferum seeds can potentially be a substitute for petroleum. Scheld et al. (1980) reports yields of S. sebiferum seeds ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 kg/ha, and estimates that 25 barrels of oil per year can be produced as a source of energy. In addition to its biomass and energy value, S. sebiferum has been extensively planted and propagated for ornamental purposes (Duke 1983). More details at http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/esadocs/documnts/sapiseb.html SUNIL GOKHALE --- Y.K. Jain/ess [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear Mr. Greg, The nearest to the word Thalo in reference to the fat giving trees/plants is Tallow. In fact, the tree whose fruit gives large quantities of oil/fat is the Chinese tallow tree with botanical name Triadica Sebifera and can be a good source of non-edible fat convertible into bio-diesel. Y. K. Jain Danilo J. Escleto wrote: Hi Greg, I checked all the possible spelling of Thalo sounding word. The Tallow is all about fats from vegetables and animals. So I omitted the tallow to the selection. I have seen a featured program about tallow, an student from the U.S.A. runs a car using a used oil from fast food restaurant. It works. But when you say tallow plant I think i have to search on on this spelling. Thank you again Greg. Danny E. Could it be the Tallow Plant / Vegtable Tallow ? This plant is reported to have a high content of a hard fat/oil. Greg H. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ __ Do You Yahoo!? Send your FREE holiday greetings online! http://greetings.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list
Re: [biofuel] CHINESE TALLOW TREE
To all of you at Biofuel e-group, (especially Greg, Keith) Happy new year to all of you!!! Thank you very much for so much input from my query. It was a fascinating e-group. I visited all of your recommended webpages. It is truly an informative one. More query on my next letter. Sincerely yours, Danilo J. EScleto Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] biomass; Fastest Growing tree
To very one of you, As I read the fuelcell newsletter from Fuelcell 2000, a fast growing tree was mentioned on the brief discription of every company involved in fuelcell, but now it was omitted and posted a much brief discription of the company. Fuelcell is not connected in any way to biofuel but I think it has an effect to biomass. This particular tree can be the best source of biomass materials. Without any name given, this new tree was developed by TOYOTA Motors of Japan. Their purpose is to help absorbed the pollutants in the air as fast as possible while new technologies for non-polluting engines were on developing stage. Thank you Very much. Sincerely yours, Danilo J. Escleto [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Acid Esterification with HCl
--- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Ken Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Keith writes: If you get any positive results with HCl, please let us know. Well, I've never gotten HCl to catalyze a TRANSesterification, but I've gotten it to catalyze the partial ESTERification of free fatty acids in a sample of dirty oil. One way to refine WVO would be to esterify the FFA's rather than turning them into soap, prior to the base- catalyzed reaction for biodiesel. An advantage of using acid in this way rather than Aleks Kacs-style transesterification is that it works with wet acid (muriatic, or 31% HCl/water solution) and wet alcohol (I used 97% ethanol, but 95% would also work). So far the yield of refined oil is terrible, but it's nicely refined -- I got some 2.7 titer oil down to 1.0 in one step, which is a lot better than I can do in one step of caustic refining. More expts. are in order.-K And then further repeating the process to remove more FFA Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] metals
Does anyone know how bronze and niquel-coates (stainless) steel handle BD? Somewhere it mentioned NOT to use copper, but I«d appreciate info on the metals ALLOWED in the BD processor. Thanks in advance, Christian (BTW, Thanks Brad 4 your answer to flammability... I missed a couple of outgoing thank-yous the other day when trying to post on biofuels yahoogroup from my other email account.) [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Fastest growing tree
To all, In connection with my letter, I would like to ask what tree the TOYOTA company developed, is it commercially available now? Thank you! Regards, Danny [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] ethanol farm
You are invited to join the Freds-Ethanol-Farm community group! A message from the groupleader: ok i put another picture. my cooking oil burning woodstove. thanks for trying the link. i hope it is fixed, http://home.bellsouth.net/personalpages/ PWP-shiner Click on the link below to join the group: http://home.bellsouth.net/personalpages/scripts/community.dll?ep=2001groupid=10502invby=17298545invid=21001 PS Some e-mail systems cannot transmit long Web addresses (URLs) without breaking them into separate lines. When an address is broken into parts, it does not work when you click on it in the e-mail message. 1. Copy the entire address to the Clipboard by highlighting it and pressing Control-C (Windows systems) or Command-C (Macintosh). 2. Open your browser and paste the address into the location field. (Just press Control-V for Windows and Command-V for Macintosh). 3. Scroll back through the address in the location field and delete any spaces. 4. When the address contains no spaces, press Enter. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] HCL
Can HCL be fomulated on a small scale? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] HCL
I don«t know if I understand your question, but I«ll give it a go. HCl may be prepared by direct combination of the elements that form it: H2 + X2 -- 2HX -where X is generic for F, Cl, Br, I (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine)- The reaction with F2 to produce HF is explosive and very dangerous. The reaction with Cl2 does not occur completely in darkness, but performs quickly in a chain photochemical reaction under light. The luminous energy is absorbed by the Cl2 molecules which decompose into chlorine radicals (very reactive atoms with un-paired electrons). These attack the H2 molecules and produce HCl molecules, leaving hydrogen atoms (also radicals) . The hydrogen radicals also attack Cl2 molecules to form HCl molecules and chlorine radicals, and so on and so forth. HCl is a colourless gas, melting point: -114.8 ¡C, Boiling point -84.9 ¡C A SAFER way of preparing HCl is by the reaction of a metallic chlorine compound, as NaCl (ordinary table salt) with a non volatile acid (concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4) The formed HCl then bubbles out of the resulting solution. NaCl (s) + H2SO4 (aq) -- NaHSO4 (s) + HCl (g) Other reactions, like hydrolysis, that produce HCl: BCl3 + 3H2O -- H3BO3 + 3HCl SiCl4 + 2H2O -- SiO2 + 4HCl CONCLUSION: So, for small scale production, the best option would be NaCl and sulphuric acid. How to get sulphuric acid?... well, I do it by making electrolysis out of a copper sulphate solution (this is a widely available salt). I built my own electrolysis tub with a couple of the carbon rods inside ordinary 1.5 volt batteries (AA). The drawback of all this is that HCl is a GAS, so if you want HCl solution, you«d have to bubble the gas through distilled water, and for wat«s worth it, you«d be far better off buying ordinary MURIATIC acid (31% HCl in water). - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Monday, December 31, 2001 7:23 PM Subject: [biofuel] HCL Can HCL be fomulated on a small scale? Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ __ mensaje enviado desde http://www.iespana.es emails (pop)-paginas web (espacio ilimitado)-agenda-favoritos (bookmarks)-foros -Chat Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] HCL
Electrolysis of salt water. NaOH formed in the water, H and CL on respective electrode. Combine them (before they accumulate) in a non-glass vessel with some water in it. The HCl is very water soluble. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, December 31, 2001 3:23 PM To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: [biofuel] HCL Can HCL be fomulated on a small scale? Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ --- Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.310 / Virus Database: 171 - Release Date: 12/19/2001 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Tiny Wireless Camera under $80! Order Now! FREE VCR Commander! Click Here - Only 1 Day Left! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WoOlbB/7.PDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
