Re: [biofuel] biofuel at the pumps
Eric Hanson wrote: > I've read some conflicting information about whether or not biofuel is > cost-viable at this stage. Some say it's cheaper, some say no. Is ethanol energy-efficient? http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html Converting cellulose to ethanol increases the net energy balance of ethanol compared to converting corn to ethanol. The net energy balance is calculated by subtracting the energy required to produce a gallon of ethanol from the energy contained in a gallon of ethanol (approximately 76,000 Btu). Corn-based ethanol has a net energy balance of 20,000 to 25,000 Btu per gallon, where as cellulosic ethanol has a net energy balance of more than 60,000 Btu per gallon.31 [ Page 7 of 14, 180K ] http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/pdf/biomass.pdf PDF Biodiesel and petroleum diesel production processes are almost equally efficient at converting raw energy resources (in this case, petroleum or soybean oil) into fuels. Biodieselâs advantage is that its largest raw resource (soy oil) is renewable. So biodiesel requires less fossil energy (only 0.31 units) to make a 1 unit of fuel. By contrast, society uses 1.2 units of fossil resources to produce 1 unit of petroleum diesel. Such measures confirm the ãrenewableä nature of biodiesel. "An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles" May, 1998[ 60pg. PDF ] http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/newsearchdb2.cgi?3812 > The major US producer of biofuels, NOPEC (now Oceanair Environmental) > has a 10 million gallon/year production facility, is biodiesel commercially > available in Florida? Is biofuel ready for the pumps? Not sure and yes > U.S. Maps Showing Alternative Fuel Stations http://www.afdc.doe.gov/refuel/usmaps.html > What are the major hurdles to be > crossed before Joe citizen can drive up to some public station and > choose biodiesel instead of fossil fuel based diesel? US farm and now US energy policy including a federal Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) hopefully. "See how the national renewable energy standard can benefit your region and state." http://www.ucsusa.org/energy/renewhere.html > Who are some of the leaders in this effort, Commercially: http://www.biodiesel.org http://www.ethanolrfa.org State - Minnesota (ethanol legislation & state distribution) http://www.me3.org U.S. Ethanol Production Facilities http://www.ohiocorn.org/ethanol_about_usfacilities.htm > and what are they up to? Lobbying for a change or business as usual. While visiting Union of Concerned Scientists at "Renewable Energy and Agriculture: A Natural Fit" http://www.ucsusa.org/energy/fact_overview.html and enjoyed reading a 2pg. PDF entitled Related Links > "Growing Energy on the Farm" with many interesting goings on - excerpt: "Other biogas applications are still in development, but show great potential. One promising technology is direct combustion in an advanced gas turbine to run a generator and produce electricity. This process is twice as efficient as simply burning raw biomass to produce electricity from steam. Researchers are also developing small, high-speed generators to run on biogas. These ãmicroturbinesä have no more than three moving parts and are as small as 30 kilowatts, which could operate a medium-sized farm. Several companies are also considering converting gasified biomass into ethanol as a less expensive alternative to fermentation." Hoped this helped some. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] biodiesel processor manufactures?
does anybody know of a source for the processor already made? tia, japedtdi Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] methanol
has any group member tried producing methanol for biodiesel or vehicle fuel from wood gas? kindest regards, roger kurz Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~-> Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] biofuel at the pumps
I once read that the price of producing biodiesel is proportional to the ammount being produced, that is to say its not particularly cost prohibitive to produce 500 gallons vs 5 million gallons. If this is true, how about distributed production? The green grease machine (http://www.veggievan.org/biodiesel/green.html) is one example of a modular production unit. One could just place these right at the fuel stations and then perhaps let the homeless recycle vegetable oil sort of like they do aluminum cans. Eric -- http://www.shouldexist.org/ Trudy Williams ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: > Consumers won't gleefully pay for a more expensive fuel. How about using DOE > Clean Cities Grants to lower the price in urban areas? B100 and B20 is > available here in Philadelphia, PA at the local fuel terminal. The customers > just are not fuel resellers. Anyone have an extra fuel tanker to pick it up > and distribute to a local gas station. The closest B20 station is 350 miles > away near Boston, and the second closest retail location is 430 miles away > North of Columbus, OH. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] biofuel at the pumps
On Mon, 20 May 2002 00:51:32 -0400, you wrote: >Consumers won't gleefully pay for a more expensive fuel. How about using DOE >Clean Cities Grants to lower the price in urban areas? B100 and B20 is >available here in Philadelphia, PA at the local fuel terminal. The customers >just are not fuel resellers. Anyone have an extra fuel tanker to pick it up >and distribute to a local gas station. The closest B20 station is 350 miles >away near Boston, and the second closest retail location is 430 miles away >North of Columbus, OH. > >Greg There is a Ford Dealer in San Diego which has claimed to be close to setting up an alternative fuels center for a couple of years now. I think they are nearing some achievement of that. When they do, I think they will sell some biofuels alongside other innovative fuels. Pearson Ford. In the meantime, this lack of distribution of product is a big problem. Went to Arco in San Diego this weekend at Rosecrans and Lytton: No Ethanol mixed with the gas, only MTBE (per the label). Not that BP-Amoco promised instant ethanol fulfillment across the state, but a little disappointing. On the plus side, ARCO charges a little less for gas partly by separating out the fees inherent to credit cards. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/DlIU9C/4m7CAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Question about Refining Crude to Diesel
- Original Message - From: "Harmon Seaver" <> Sent: Sunday, May 19, 2002 21:09 Subject: Re: [biofuel] Question about Refining Crude to Diesel >My understanding is that the ratio of the amounts is not really flexible, > i.e., you can only get so much of each type out of a barrel of oil, and that's > not a matter of how the refinery is set up. > > Not totaly true, when you refine a barrel of Light Sweet Crude oil, the 'light' part says that you will obtain a higher percentage of short carbon chain products for a given refining process, ( from my chemistry book ) things like Gas ( C1 - C5 ), Petroleum Ether ( C5 - C7 ), Gasoline ( C5 to C12, and Kerosene ( C12 - C 16 ). Fuel Oil and Diesel ( C15 and C18 ) is the middle line between the short chain carbons and the long chain carbons like Lubricating Oils ( C16 ), greases, petroleum jelly and Paraffin Wax ( C20 ), with pitch, tar, and petroleum coke as the residues from refining. Heavy crude will give you a higher percentage of long chain products for a barrel of oil. I'm not sure, but, I believe the 'sweet' part, tells if the oil has less then a given amount of sulfur. Different ways of refining will give different percentages of short and long carbon chains, for that matter, with catalytic cracking, pyrosis, steam and catalytic reforming, you could turn an entire barrel of crude oil to nothing but gas, diesel or what ever else, you wanted, it would just cost money and time to do it. Greg H. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Air quality using ethanol in gasoline blends
"Air Quality and GHG Emissions Associated with Using Ethanol in Gasoline Blends" by David Andress & Associates, Inc. May, 2000 http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/newsearchdb2.cgi?4645 32 pg. PDF [ Some excerpts ] ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the issues related to air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with ethanol used in gasoline blends. The air quality issues, in particular, are the subject of current regulatory interest because of the potential widespread replacement of MTBE with ethanol. The detection of MTBE in groundwater is growing, and a national debate about its continued use gasoline is currently taking place. The intent of this paper is to provide a short set of standalone topics that will provide a quick reference source for both federal and state government officials and the interested public. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with the issues involved. The principal air quality concerns arising from gasoline-powered mobile-source emissions are ozone, toxic air pollutants, and carbon monoxide. The major ozone precursors come from emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrous oxides (NOx), and to a lesser extent carbon monoxide (CO). Because ozone formation is related to temperature and solar intensity, ozone problems occur primarily in hot weather. Toxic air pollutants are a year-round problem, but are more pronounced in hot weather. Carbon monoxide emissions from mobile sources are greater in cold weather, and unhealthy levels of CO are primarily a wintertime air quality problem. The problem of determining how emissions affect global warming differs from the problem of determining how emissions affect urban pollution in several important ways. First, the major GHG emissions are CO2, CH4, and N20, are not regulated by EPA as contributors to urban air quality problems. Second, climate change is a global problem and must consider emissions from the total fuel cycle (feedstock production fuel conversion, and vehicle combustion). Urban pollution is a localized problem and EPA regulates only emissions associated with vehicle use. Biomass fuels from ethanol emit no net carbon emissions from fuel combustion, since the carbon in the fuel is withdrawn from the environment during feedstock growth. Corn ethanol used in E10 is currently estimated to reduce GHG emissions between 12 and 19 percent relative to gasoline, depending on whether wet or dry milling is used. GHG emission reductions for future corn ethanol are projected to be between 24 and 26 percent. The increase in GHG emission reductions is due to advances in farming practices and ethanol conversion technologies. For future cellulosic ethanol used in E10, reductions in GHG emissions are projected to be between 84 and 130 percent, depending on whether herbaceous or woody biomass is used. GHG reductions greater than 100% are explained by a coproduct credit for the sale of electricity from cellulosic ethanol plants. Background Ethanol was first used as a motor vehicle fuel in 1908, but remained a small niche fuel favored by racers for many years. Beginning in the 1970s, several events occurred that led to the introduction of ethanol into the commercial gasoline market. - Energy security concerns brought about by the Arab oil embargo spurred Congress to enact tax incentives to encourage the production of alternative fuels. - Around the same time, concerns about environmental impacts associated with gasoline began to emerge. The banning of lead in gasoline created a demand for blending agents, like ethanol, with a high octane content. - Ethanol demand further increased after Congress passed legislation requiring the use of oxygenates in gasoline to reduce harmful emissions from mobile sources. - Global warming, considered the next major environmental front by many people, may further boost the demand for ethanol. Ethanol, being a renewable fuel, produces less GHG emissions than gasoline. - As part of a broad program to improve the nation's air quality, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) impose requirements on fuels sold in urban areas with air quality problems. The CAAA requires the use of reformulated gasoline (RFG) in ozone nonattainment areas and oxygenated fuels in winter carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. - The RFG program is designed to reduce mobile-source emissions that produce ozone and toxic air pollutants. The CAAA requires all RFG to contain an average of at least of 2.0 wt% oxygen and winter oxygenated fuels to contain an average of at least of 2.7 wt% oxygen. Most oxygen requirements are currently satisfied by either ethanol or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). This paper focuses primarily on issues related to air quality and GHG emissions associated with ethanol used in blends (E10, E7.7, and E5.7). More
[biofuels-biz] Fractions of petroleum
Someone was looking for some of this kind of data... The value of output for processes using FBR technology is the sum of gasoline, aviation and jet fuel plus the chemicals below: Product* ($1,000,000/yr) -- --- Gasoline(a) 133,940 Jet Fuel(a) 11,841 Fuel Oils(a) 29,025 Aniline 506 1,3-Butadiene773 Chloroform 207 Formaldehyde 2,129 Isobutylene 355 Maleic Anhydride 297 Perchloroethylene 91 Pthalic Anhydride598 Propylene 5,152 Styrene4,780 Vinyl chloride 3,093 --- $192,761,000,000/yr Fluidized Bed Reactors contributed to almost $200 billion in production to the US GDP for 1995. http://faculty.washington.edu/finlayso/Fluidized_Bed/FBR_Intro/dollars_scroll.htm [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~-> Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Question about Refining Crude to Diesel
Appal Energy wrote: > Are you considering ideal mechanical conditions and identical > vehicle size? I think about the only way you could make that > thought process an unequivocal statement would be to compare > something akin to a diesel Jetta to a gas Jetta on the same > terrain, on the same day, side by side. > > Even then the results could only be a rough comparison. > > Then you have to consider how many miles those emissions are > strung out. The answers on a gallon/gallon basis may be one > thing, but on a mile/mile basis something completely different - > erego the uniqueness of efficiency in the total balance. MH wrote: I think i understand what you mean and im not necessarily focusing on efficiency of IC engines via a measure of Btu to mpg or km/l. What I mean is stationary engines can be controlled to burn fuel at maximum engine/fuel efficiency where as mobile system temperatures very due to RPMs/combustion. Heat provides power with increased thermal combustion of chemical fuel makeup. At this time I've no reports to provide that can say one way or the other - other then observations and my correlation. Such as experiencing older home heating systems for instance fuel oil to natural gas where fuel oil has chimney soot buildup or old woodstove burning as higher temperatures provide ever increasing cleaner visual burns. And denatured C2H5-OH ethanol with its mostly invisible flame compared to kerosene. I'm no expert nor claim to be but seems to me its just natural that fuel with fewer carbon molecule chains would emit less carbon soot & COx. But then again the more oxygen (or -OH) added to the flame the more complete the burn thus reducing carbon black aka soot. The other side of the coin is more oxygen added to fuel more NOx emissions. No arguments intended and none to my knowledge. Appal Energy wrote: > > > Nope. They've got it roughly right. Higher fractions of > > > distillate fuel oil than gasoline. That includes all grades > > > of diesel, aviation fuel & home heating oil. > > > > > > Yet the higher fractions of the consumer public > > > transportation sector are gasoline powered. Go figger. MH wrote: > > I'm just guessing mind you but gasoline emits less hydrocarbons > > so gaz is felt to be less polluting in a mobile sense - perhaps. > > > > e.g. > > "Properties of Fuels" > > Chemical Formula (C=carbon) > > C4 to C12 - gazoline > > C3 to C25 - #2 Petroleum Diesel Fuel Oil > > > > Perhaps on a stationary basis petro diesel fuel oil might be > > consider more suitable in the sense that combustion > > is controlled more easily - reducing hydrocarbon emissions. > > > > On a biomass level things could change for the better it seems. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Question about Refining Crude to Diesel
--- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Todd: do you happen to know the numbers somewhat more exactly? The > gist of the claim was that the ratio is roughly 2 to 1, and also it > was claimed that this is not very flexible within how our refiners > have set up their system, so while they may make some changes in what > comes out of a barrel, those changes are not dramatic. > Christopher Skisak, Health and Medical Manager at Pennzoil-Quaker State in Houston, replies: The percentage of gasoline produced from one barrel of crude oil varies depending upon the crude type, the refinery design and processing conditions. This ranges from 20 percent to as much as 75 percent. A typical fuel refinery will obtain 19 gallons of gasoline from each 42 gallon barrel of crude. The amount of other products obtained from crude oil depends on the same factors. In addition to gasoline, crude petroleum is used to make petroleum gases (methane, propane), solvents (naphtha, toluene, etc.), fuel oils (diesel, home heating oil), lubricating oils (motor oil), specialty lubricating oils (baby oil), petrolatums (Vaseline), waxes (candle wax), asphalt (road paving). Everything in a barrel of oil is used; nothing goes to waste. http://www.pennzoil-quakerstate.com/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] truck question
wrote: ford, Chevy, dodge, all make 1/2, 3/4, and 1 ton diesel pickups. Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] CBC News: Not everyone on Prairies pumped by ethanol push
http://cbc.ca/stories/2002/05/19/ethanol_020519 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~--> Take the Yahoo! Groups survey for a chance to win $1,000. Your opinion is very important to us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NOFBfD/uAJEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send "unsubscribe" messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
