Re: [biofuel] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair

[Keith Addison]

http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns105
New Scientist
House of horrors
27 October 00
Air pollution created by cooking, heating and vacuuming could be 
having significant adverse effects on health. Levels of potentially 
dangerous particles, known as PM10s, can be much higher inside houses 
than outside, according to a new report from Britain's Institute for 
Environment and Health, part of the Medical Research Council.

High levels of PM10s - particles smaller than 10 micrometres across - 
have been linked to increased risks of asthma, heart attacks and 
reduced lung function.
[more]

http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns1699
New Scientist
Kitchen air pollution risk revealed
17 December 01
The health of young children is at risk from the air pollution in 
kitchens caused by gas cookers. A new study for the British 
government reveals that safety guidelines for nitrogen dioxide 
recommended by the World Health Organization are breached in most 
homes that cook with gas.

Nitrogen dioxide is formed when the nitrogen and oxygen in the air 
react in the gas flame. It is also one of the pollutants from vehicle 
exhausts, and can exacerbate respiratory illnesses in adults and make 
breathing difficult for young children.
[more]

http://www.climatechangeindia.com/climatechange/residential.htm
See: 5.2 Emission pollutants

Kerosene fuelled devices, used for lighting, degrade the indoor air 
quality by emitting CO, SOX and NOx (Kaufmann, 1994). Moreover, 
kerosene lamps present a serious risk of fire accidents. 

Cooking is the major contributor of environmental pollutants in the 
household sector, especially indoor air pollution. Pollution due to 
biomass burning is a major factor that affects the quality of life 
especially in rural areas and is one of the main causes of chest and 
lung related health problems. This problem will increase in case of 
inferior fuelwood use (shrubs, roots, weeds and crop residue in loose 
form). Another problem associated with the traditional cooking 
arrangements is the health hazard owing to the presence of carbon 
monoxide, benzopyrene, suspended particles and other substances in 
immediate environment near a burning stove. Table 5.2A shows the 
level of indoor pollutants for different fuels used for cooking. 

Table 5.2A: Levels of indoor pollutants during Cooking Hours in 
Houses using Different fuels (mean values)

[more]

http://www.inchesnetwork.org/news_dec99_7.html
Slum children, women worst hit by pollution: BMC report
"It has been estimated that women who spend more than three hours a 
day near a kerosene stove, inhale benzopyrene which is equal to 
smoking 20 packs of cigarettes," the report states.
-- 1998-99 Brihanmumbai Corporation's (BMC) Environmental Status Report (ESR).

[more]

http://wbln1018.worldbank.org/sar/sa.nsf/2991b676f98842f0852567d7005d2 
cba/a169d6e66c9c0c7585256990006a2631?OpenDocument
Indoor Air Pollution Energy and Health for the Poor
Issue No. 1; September 2000
The World Bank is promoting LPG and kero as "cleaner fuels".

And of course when you get to 3rd World rural areas you encounter one 
of the world's major killers in indoor smoke pollution. Indoor smoke 
pollution now ranks 8th in health burden worldwide (lost years of 
healthy life), and ranks fourth in the "least-developed" countries 
(which make up about 40% of the world population) according to the 
World Health Organization's World Health Report 2002.
http://www.who.int/whr/en
See:
http://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter4/en/index7.html
and Figure 4.10
http://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter4/en/index10.html#fig_4_10

"Smoke gets in their eyes" -- Independent research indicates that 
indoor air pollution is a contributory cause of around two million 
deaths in developing countries. Acute respiratory infections, ear and 
eye problems, breathlessness, chest pains, headaches and giddiness 
are just some of the symptoms that poor woman and children suffer in 
their rural homes. And the cause? Smoke from cooking. ITDG -- 
Intermediate Technology Development Group:
http://www.itdg.org/html/whats_new/smoke_gets_in_their_eyes_pr.htm

... but they can't afford high-tech telltales.

Keith


> >   Ok I'm coming in in the middle of this so I'm not
> >100% certain the context you're discussing this in.
> >   Any high school text on Geology will have something
> >about the atmospheres composition.  THe atmosphere is
> >79% Nitrogen, 20% oxygen and about 1% mixture of
> >Argon, helium and hydrogen.  There are other trace
> >gases but those are the primary components.  Notice
> >C02 is NOT on the list.  It's WAY out on the curve.
>
>This link seemed to back you up:
>
>http://www.physlink.com/Reference/AirComposition.cfm
>
> >   You'd be extremely hard pressed to significantly
> >alter the atmosphere unless your house was absolutely
> >air tight and had no "air mixing" what so ever.
>
>Although you seem knowledgeable, my first-glance inclination is to
>dispute this claim of yours. 

[biofuel] glycerin from Physic nut

[Raj Gopal]

Hi
  can anybody tell me wether glycerin made from the Jatropha
Carcus(Physic nut) is Toxic or not. I want to use  Jatropha oil for making
biodiesel. I want to know wether glycerin obtained from this process has the
same market value as glycerin produced from other oils. Information on
Jatropha is found at www.jatropha.org

Regards
Raj





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Re: [biofuel] biokerosene

[Raj Gopal]

Hi Keith
 I wanted to make the same point but I did not mention it
that it has to be refined before making biodiesel. Sorry for my wrong info.
Thank you for correcting me.

- Raj

Keith Addison wrote:

> Hello Raj
>
> >Dear Salim
> >   You can make biodiesel with crude palm oil.
>
> It's not so easy to make biodiesel with crude palm oil. It either
> needs refining first, or an adaptation of the acid-base two-stage
> process is needed. These were the findings of a recent research
> project at Songkla University in Thailand. This was much discussed at
> the Biofuels-biz group, with Prof. Michael Allen, who was working on
> the project. Do a search for "Allen" at the group archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuels-biz
> and check the thread titled "High FFA oils - another way".
>
> >and to my knowledge the indonesia government has also some plans in
> >this regard. You can also use biodiesel as fuel like kerosene.
>
> As diesel fuel. It works in some pressurized kerosene cookers, but it
> won't travel up a wick.
>
> Best wishes
>
> Keith
>
> >There are instances
> >in India where people and ngo have been doing that for some time.
> >
> >Regards
> >Raj Gopal
> >
> >Eriell Salim wrote:
> >
> > > Dear all,
> > >
> > > I am Eriell Salim, working at an Indonesian NGO focusing on
> >energy and environment issues. Actually, I am interested in biofuel,
> >particularly bio-kerosene as an alternative fuel for rural community
> >in Indonesia.
> > >
> > > For that purpose, I would like to ask you about "how to make
> >biokerosene" or any information in regards to this i.e. website,
> >book, journals, or proceedings.
> > >
> > > Thanking you in advance.
> > >
> > > Best regards,
> > >
> > > Eriell Salim
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
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[biofuel] Re: [biofuels-biz] CALL TO ACTION- USDA CUTTING SUPPORT FORBIODIESEL PRODUCTION

[grahamnoyes]

Hey Keith,

Skepticism indeed.  I am sorry to hear that the grassroots biodiesel 
movement and the nascent industry have already grown so divided.  My 
own experience has been that biodieselers are more supportive of 
commercial producers than your perspective but I am sure that your 
view was developed after much discussion and consideration with 
others.  I am not speaking for World Energy but would like to provide 
my personal observations.  I entered the industry after having been 
introduced to biodiesel by Josh and Kaia who are friends of friends.  
I jumped into biodiesel with both feet because I concluded that 
biodiesel is a huge improvement over petroleum diesel and I remain 
convinced of this.  RE:  your post-


> Not so. I've just been looking at costings for a batch-processing 
> set-up that includes everything, rents, utilitities, insurance, 
> labor, maintenance and truck lease for collection, etc, for a 3,000 
> gpd facility generating 1,050,000 gallons a year, cost of 
production 
> well under $0.60 a gallon.

I have not seen this happen yet but would consider it to be great 
news.  Please keep me up to date if you pursue this.
> 
> >With notable exceptions, it generally does not result in ASTM-spec 
> >commercial grade biodiesel.
> 
> The other way round - there are a few people who use sloppy methods 
> and bolster their confidence with spurious "tests", thoroughly 
> debunked yet they persist, there may even be some of them here. But 
> the idea that homebrewers can't make standard-spec fuel simply 
isn't 
> so, most of us can and do. That's an industry myth, and it's about 
> time industry did a little bit of checking to see if it's still 
true 
> or not, if it ever was true.

> 
> How is a commercial batch plant somehow superior to a well run 
> homebrewer's batch plant? After all, that's where NOPEC and the 
rest 
> of the world started fifteen
> years ago and still primarily reside, with a few esterification and 
> FFA recovery refinements here and there. They all use batch 
> processors, so do we, so what's the difference? Economies of scale, 
> and therefore of efficiency? Oft bandied about, but those are 
> dangerous assumptions, industry myths. Big ain't beautiful - very 
> often it only means flabbier, more wasteful, less efficient than a 
> dedicated small, local operation would be. Same for quality - big 
> operations will do exactly enough to meet minimum requirements, and 
> no more, small operations are more likely to take some pride in 
what 
> they do and produce the best product they can. They're also more 
> likely to know their customers personally, which makes a 
difference, 
> there are inter-personal and community-level obligations and 
> responsibilities involved.
> 
> Frankly I think we're all rather tired of this industry crap that 
we 
> can't make good fuel.
I expected this might draw some ire but it's a good point to 
discuss.  The big fear of the biodiesel industry is that homebrewers 
are going to destroy the market.  I have seen home-brewed biodiesel 
cause problems in multiple locations and it has taken significant 
efforts to undo the damage. One region of the country in particular 
had large quantities of homegrown off-spec fuel that was being sold 
and distributed.  The use of biodiesel was substantially delayed in 
this area until trust for the fuel was re-established.  The biodiesel 
industry has gone to major efforts and expenditure to make progress 
with the engine manufacturers and to establish the ASTM standard.  
Frankly, I don't know what percentage of homegrown fuel is in spec 
but I do read about a lot of goo being produced.  Everytime off spec 
fuel causes a problem, it causes a problem for everyone.  I also am 
aware of at least one prosecution for failure to pay road taxes on 
homegrown fuel that was sold.  I think it is in everyone's interest 
to recognize that there are differences between homegrown and 
commercial grade biodiesel.  If homegrowers can hit spec and do 
quality control and test to spec, then they should consider whether 
they want to comply with the various legal requirements and go 
commercial. Otherwise they should keep it at home. 


> 
> This was forwarded to me three years ago from a correspondence with 
> an ex-President of the National Biodiesel Board:
> 
> "Proponents of "make-it-yourself" fuel are not looked upon as 
serious 
> because there is no way to ensure consistent fuel quality. Of 
course, 
> these groups can be very helpful when approaching government to 
> demonstrate community-wide support."
> 
> We're a joke, but we can be quite useful, uh-huh. Both the NBB and 
> Werner Korbitz of the Austrian Biofuels Institute still promote 
this 
> patronizing myth. Boocock also says that - though we see no signs 
> that Biox can meet ASTM-spec, and other industry figures doubt it.

Sorry if you've been patronized.  I was more interested in the fact 
that biodieselers understand and support the use of biodiese

[biofuel] '86 Nissan Pickup

[elijah smith]

Anyone else out there have success / failure running biodiesel or PVO in an
old '86 Nissan pickup (one-ton chassis, SD25 engine)?  I'm specifically
wondering about thing like the injectors & pump - do they lend well to
waste/straight veggie oil?  Anyone know about the rubber parts I need to
look out for in this engine?

Any feedback or references are greatly appreciated!

 Elijah



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[biofuel] O2xygen --wasNuremberg Inventor's Fair

[kirk]

http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC14/Fukuoka.htm
Another reason I am saying you have to use airplanes is that you have to
grow them fast, because if there is 3% less green area around the world, the
whole earth is going to die. Because of lack of oxygen, people won't feel
happy. You feel happy in the spring because of the oxygen from the plants.
We breathe out carbon dioxide and breathe in oxygen, and the plants do the
opposite. Human beings and plants not only have a relationship in eating,
but also share air. Therefore, the lack of oxygen in Somalia is not only a
problem there, it is also a problem here. Because of the rapid depletion of
the land in those parts of Africa, everyone will feel this happening. It is
happening very quickly. There is no time to wait. We have to do something
now.

Kirk

-Original Message-
From: murdoch [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 8:15 PM
To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair


>   Ok I'm coming in in the middle of this so I'm not
>100% certain the context you're discussing this in.
>   Any high school text on Geology will have something
>about the atmospheres composition.  THe atmosphere is
>79% Nitrogen, 20% oxygen and about 1% mixture of
>Argon, helium and hydrogen.  There are other trace
>gases but those are the primary components.  Notice
>C02 is NOT on the list.  It's WAY out on the curve.

This link seemed to back you up:

http://www.physlink.com/Reference/AirComposition.cfm

>   You'd be extremely hard pressed to significantly
>alter the atmosphere unless your house was absolutely
>air tight and had no "air mixing" what so ever.

Although you seem knowledgeable, my first-glance inclination is to
dispute this claim of yours.  I do not ask that CO2 reach poisonous
levels or some nonsense to prove my point.  My point was simply that
some household environments, without sufficient mixing, tend, over the
long haul to be less-than ideally healthy.

An extreme case would be with a gas leak.  There is obviously *not*
sufficient air mixing in that case.  But a more mild and seemingly
innoccuous case, that would simply interest me to know the facts about
it (without having to take anyone's word for it) would be how much CO2
might accumulate here or there in a house or room that is not
well-ventilated.

>   I'd be willing to bet that the most significant
>sources of "indoor pollution" come from the outgasing
>of your various platic products.

Valued information that we thank you for.  My focus is not limited to
pollutants, but interesting.

>>perished.  Now we all breathe this poisonous
>>explosive stuff and think it's normal.
>
>   While it is true that too much oxygen can give you
>oxygen poisoning it's not quite correct to say oxygen
>is explosive.

Interesting.  You were responding to Keith, whom I was quoting, and I
think his way of putting things was slightly tongue-in-cheek.  But
anyway
>   Terrestrial plants can use as much as 0.4-0.5% of
>C02 and there's only about 0.04-0.05%  in the
>atmosphere.  So any excess C02 can be efficiently used
>by plants.  The ocean also acts as a TREMENDOUS C02
>sink(too much would change the pH of the ocean
>though).  My concern with C02 would be it's heat
>capacity.  Methane(CH4) is worse.

I would like to see some examination of what happens when you take 100
or 200 million years worth of stored hydrocarbons and burn them mostly
up, within three hundred years, locking much available O2 to the C and
the H.  I'd be curious as to CO2 levels, at that point, not to mention
H2O levels, and O2 levels.

>>Well, I haven't seen that way of discussing the
>>release of greater O2 percentages into the
>>atmosphere.  It was put forth in the context of
>>the great mystery as to why there is not more of a
>>historical fossil record of a wider diversity of life
>>(land life?) up until a few hundred million years
>>ago.  Trees, for example, I don't think they're
>>more than a few hundred million years old.  And many
>>creatures, we have fossil records of them, but they
>>do not really start in abundance up until a certain
>>point?
>
>   There is no appreciable fossil record prior to 600
>million years ago(THe end of the PreCambrian and the
>begining of the Cambrian period).  If the estimate of
>the earth's age (5 Billon years) is to be considered
>correct we have fossil remains for only the last (more
>or less) 10% of that time.  My understanding is that
>all the other fossil evidence has been "subducted" due
>to volcanic processes/turnover.

If you mean that the one theory holds that we can't find any evidence
because it's assumed destroyed, then I am inclined not to entirely
trust that theory, particularly given our discovery of *some* evidence
from those periods.



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Re: [biofuel] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair

[murdoch]

>   Ok I'm coming in in the middle of this so I'm not
>100% certain the context you're discussing this in.
>   Any high school text on Geology will have something
>about the atmospheres composition.  THe atmosphere is
>79% Nitrogen, 20% oxygen and about 1% mixture of
>Argon, helium and hydrogen.  There are other trace
>gases but those are the primary components.  Notice
>C02 is NOT on the list.  It's WAY out on the curve.

This link seemed to back you up:

http://www.physlink.com/Reference/AirComposition.cfm

>   You'd be extremely hard pressed to significantly
>alter the atmosphere unless your house was absolutely
>air tight and had no "air mixing" what so ever.  

Although you seem knowledgeable, my first-glance inclination is to
dispute this claim of yours.  I do not ask that CO2 reach poisonous
levels or some nonsense to prove my point.  My point was simply that
some household environments, without sufficient mixing, tend, over the
long haul to be less-than ideally healthy.

An extreme case would be with a gas leak.  There is obviously *not*
sufficient air mixing in that case.  But a more mild and seemingly
innoccuous case, that would simply interest me to know the facts about
it (without having to take anyone's word for it) would be how much CO2
might accumulate here or there in a house or room that is not
well-ventilated.

>   I'd be willing to bet that the most significant
>sources of "indoor pollution" come from the outgasing
>of your various platic products.  

Valued information that we thank you for.  My focus is not limited to
pollutants, but interesting.

>>perished.  Now we all breathe this poisonous 
>>explosive stuff and think it's normal.
>
>   While it is true that too much oxygen can give you
>oxygen poisoning it's not quite correct to say oxygen
>is explosive.  

Interesting.  You were responding to Keith, whom I was quoting, and I
think his way of putting things was slightly tongue-in-cheek.  But
anyway
>   Terrestrial plants can use as much as 0.4-0.5% of
>C02 and there's only about 0.04-0.05%  in the
>atmosphere.  So any excess C02 can be efficiently used
>by plants.  The ocean also acts as a TREMENDOUS C02
>sink(too much would change the pH of the ocean
>though).  My concern with C02 would be it's heat
>capacity.  Methane(CH4) is worse.

I would like to see some examination of what happens when you take 100
or 200 million years worth of stored hydrocarbons and burn them mostly
up, within three hundred years, locking much available O2 to the C and
the H.  I'd be curious as to CO2 levels, at that point, not to mention
H2O levels, and O2 levels.

>>Well, I haven't seen that way of discussing the 
>>release of greater O2 percentages into the 
>>atmosphere.  It was put forth in the context of
>>the great mystery as to why there is not more of a 
>>historical fossil record of a wider diversity of life
>>(land life?) up until a few hundred million years 
>>ago.  Trees, for example, I don't think they're
>>more than a few hundred million years old.  And many
>>creatures, we have fossil records of them, but they 
>>do not really start in abundance up until a certain 
>>point?
>
>   There is no appreciable fossil record prior to 600
>million years ago(THe end of the PreCambrian and the
>begining of the Cambrian period).  If the estimate of
>the earth's age (5 Billon years) is to be considered
>correct we have fossil remains for only the last (more
>or less) 10% of that time.  My understanding is that
>all the other fossil evidence has been "subducted" due
>to volcanic processes/turnover.

If you mean that the one theory holds that we can't find any evidence
because it's assumed destroyed, then I am inclined not to entirely
trust that theory, particularly given our discovery of *some* evidence
from those periods.



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Re: [biofuel] how do you tell if your biodiesel is suitable for testing?

[Keith Addison]

Hi Shari

>to whom it may concern

You, mainly. :-)

>i hve recently made a few test batched of biodiesel and am soon hoping to
>move onto large batches to test in vehicles... the first batch we made was..
>let's face it a total failure... for some reason it began to solidify...
>(does anyone have an idea what went wrong???)

You'd have to describe what you did. It gelled? Too much lye probably.

>the next two batches appear to
>have worked successfully... but is there a way i can tell if we made proper
>biodiesel before trying to test it in a vehicle??? any input would be
>greatly appreciated

Give us some detail - what did you do, exactly? What process did you 
use? What feedstock? What size batches? What happened?

If you used a good process, like this:
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html
Make your own biodiesel

or this:
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html
Biodiesel recipe from Mike Pelly

... and followed the instructions carefully, it should be okay. Did 
it separate properly, with the glycerine layer at the bottom? After 
separating the glycerine layer, allowing it settle for awhile, 
washing it, settling again, you should have nice clear biodiesel that 
will be just fine for your motor.

There are some quality tests here:
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_vehicle.html
Biodiesel and your vehicle

Best

Keith


>shari


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Re: [biofuel] Biofuel in Ontario

[Keith Addison]

>Hey there,
>Would there be anyone making biofuel in Ontario who'd be
>interested in teaching us how to make biofuel, like a workshop?
>We live in downtown Toronto.
> Thanks, Emma and Jesse

No offers, eh? Why don't you just go ahead and do it? It's not 
difficult. Not many people here had anyone to teach them. We made our 
first biodiesel on the strength of a few paragraphs we found on the 
Internet, about all we could find at the time. Now there's great info 
to be had. Start here:
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html
Make your own biodiesel

Just do it - you'll be fine.

Best

Keith


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Re: [biofuel] how do you tell if your biodiesel is suitable for testing?

[Shari :)]

to whom it may concern

i hve recently made a few test batched of biodiesel and am soon hoping to 
move onto large batches to test in vehicles... the first batch we made was.. 
let's face it a total failure... for some reason it began to solidify... 
(does anyone have an idea what went wrong???) the next two batches appear to 
have worked successfully... but is there a way i can tell if we made proper 
biodiesel before trying to test it in a vehicle??? any input would be 
greatly appreciated

shari

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[biofuels-biz] Re: Re: Revealed: Why Germans Oppose War in Iraq - French Fries - OT

[Alex Bradstreet]

I am an American, although I am not proud of our President and the majority
of my fellow Americans. We now have a Republican house and senate. So
whatever they want, they will get. If you thought things were going bad
before, watch out World.

America has made it clear that we are addicted to oil.
We elected a President and Vice President who are deep in the oil business.
We continue to tie ourselves to foreign oil and are prepared to do anything
to ensure the oil keeps flowing.
We refuse to listen to any other country and demand to be free to do
whatever we want in the world.
We encourage our large corporations to invade emerging economies to rape and
pillage natural resources, then we protect those invaders with force as
required.

For the record, I am officially stating that there are some Americans who
are horrified with the administration, horrified with the last 20 years of
lies and deceits, horrified at the prospect of more innocents murdered for
profits.

Yesterday, more than 10% of the Maine voters chose a Green party candidate
who advocated developing a Maine-based biodisel industry. I'm making my own
biodiesel to heat my house, so when we cuddle up safe and warm this winter,
we will know people didn't have to die just to keep us warm. However, I will
continue to feel guilty about not driving a biodiesel car, and will continue
to fight our country's seemingly endless quest for more oil and larger
profits. I feel truly sorry for anyone living in Iraq, and cannot imagine
the anger and depair you must feel when you think about my country.
Our country was founded upon acts of Terrorism, Riot and Rebellion against
an oppressive Empire. Have we forgotten so soon? Sins of the father and all
that...

Oh well.  In another 10,000 years, all this will be irrelevant anyway. The
Earth will go on as it has before, and we humans will be as extinct as the
dinosaurs. It is hard to see the big picture when you are so close to it.
Justice may come but from here it looks a long, long way off.

Later,
Alex

At the same time, securing the oil of the Middle East, perhaps with
England's biggest oil companies as partners in the pumping consortium
that will undoubtedly come out of an Iraqi war effort, is promoted to
the British public by the corporate-owned British newspapers and
similarly corporate-loyal UK politicians.

*I've never seen that promoted and nobody would believe it. We all know
that the Americans will carve it up for themselves.
Malcolm


Biofuels at Journey to Forever
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
Biofuel at WebConX
http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm
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[biofuel] RE: [biofuels-biz] CALL TO ACTION- USDA CUTTING SUPPORT FORBIODIESEL PRODUCTION

[Keith Addison]

Hello Graham

>Keith,
>
>Thanks for the reminder on my CALL TO ACTION post.  Last week was a 
>whirlwind for me with an all-out effort to notify interested persons 
>regarding the USDA letter-writing campaign combined with trips to LA 
>and Arizona and my son's first birthday.  Don't worry- I would not 
>be so crass as to post PR campaigns on these discussion groups. I 
>did think that this issue would be of interest to biodiesel 
>enthusiasts and thought it appropriate to try to rally the growing 
>number of grassroots biodiesel supporters.
>
>Several key issues were raised in response to my post.  The first 
>is, what does it cost to make biodiesel.  The answer, of course, is 
>that depends... It depends on whether you are just looking at 
>production costs or also including labor and raw material costs.  A 
>homebrewer apparently can make biodiesel at about .50/gallon.  My 
>understanding is that this figure just involves the cost of the 
>production equipment and assumes free raw material/feedstock.  It 
>doesn't include the cost of going to the restaurant to get the 
>grease nor an hourly labor charge during production.

Not so. I've just been looking at costings for a batch-processing 
set-up that includes everything, rents, utilitities, insurance, 
labor, maintenance and truck lease for collection, etc, for a 3,000 
gpd facility generating 1,050,000 gallons a year, cost of production 
well under $0.60 a gallon.

>With notable exceptions, it generally does not result in ASTM-spec 
>commercial grade biodiesel.

The other way round - there are a few people who use sloppy methods 
and bolster their confidence with spurious "tests", thoroughly 
debunked yet they persist, there may even be some of them here. But 
the idea that homebrewers can't make standard-spec fuel simply isn't 
so, most of us can and do. That's an industry myth, and it's about 
time industry did a little bit of checking to see if it's still true 
or not, if it ever was true.

How is a commercial batch plant somehow superior to a well run 
homebrewer's batch plant? After all, that's where NOPEC and the rest 
of the world started fifteen
years ago and still primarily reside, with a few esterification and 
FFA recovery refinements here and there. They all use batch 
processors, so do we, so what's the difference? Economies of scale, 
and therefore of efficiency? Oft bandied about, but those are 
dangerous assumptions, industry myths. Big ain't beautiful - very 
often it only means flabbier, more wasteful, less efficient than a 
dedicated small, local operation would be. Same for quality - big 
operations will do exactly enough to meet minimum requirements, and 
no more, small operations are more likely to take some pride in what 
they do and produce the best product they can. They're also more 
likely to know their customers personally, which makes a difference, 
there are inter-personal and community-level obligations and 
responsibilities involved.

Frankly I think we're all rather tired of this industry crap that we 
can't make good fuel.

This was forwarded to me three years ago from a correspondence with 
an ex-President of the National Biodiesel Board:

"Proponents of "make-it-yourself" fuel are not looked upon as serious 
because there is no way to ensure consistent fuel quality. Of course, 
these groups can be very helpful when approaching government to 
demonstrate community-wide support."

We're a joke, but we can be quite useful, uh-huh. Both the NBB and 
Werner Korbitz of the Austrian Biofuels Institute still promote this 
patronizing myth. Boocock also says that - though we see no signs 
that Biox can meet ASTM-spec, and other industry figures doubt it.

>Commercial production has some significant differences.  Even yellow 
>grease feedstock has a collection cost plus production cost plus 
>margins plus marketing and transportation.  Soybean-based biodiesel 
>has all of these costs and typically a higher raw material cost. 
>Any commercial biodiesel must compete with petroleum diesel and this 
>is the underlying problem.  According to Norman Myers and Jennifer 
>Kent in Perverse Subsidies (see also the Sept/Oct. issue of 
>Ecolonomics in Action or the site without the article at 
>www.ecolonomics.org), taxpayers are subsidizing fossil fuels to the 
>tune of $14 billion annually.  I don't know the basis for their 
>numbers but do know that we don't pay at the pump the true cost of 
>petroleum fuel.

"The national security cost of oil is in the area of $57 billion a 
year, or approximately $9.19 per barrel of oil used in the US." -- 
"The National Security Costs of Petroleum", Energetics and NEOS 
corporation, 1994.
http://www.ethanol-gec.org/natsec.pdf

Friday December 5, 1997 1:38 pm Eastern Time
Company Press Release
SOURCE: Fuels for the Future
'True Cost' of Middle East Oil Exceeds $100 Per Barrel, U.S. Desert 
Storm Military Leader Says; Ethanol Cleans Air In Brazil

NEW YORK, Dec. 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Wall Street Journal 

[biofuel] RE: [biofuels-biz] CALL TO ACTION- USDA CUTTING SUPPORT FORBIODIESEL PRODUCTION

[Keith Addison]

Hello Graham

>Keith,
>
>Thanks for the reminder on my CALL TO ACTION post.  Last week was a 
>whirlwind for me with an all-out effort to notify interested persons 
>regarding the USDA letter-writing campaign combined with trips to LA 
>and Arizona and my son's first birthday.  Don't worry- I would not 
>be so crass as to post PR campaigns on these discussion groups. I 
>did think that this issue would be of interest to biodiesel 
>enthusiasts and thought it appropriate to try to rally the growing 
>number of grassroots biodiesel supporters.
>
>Several key issues were raised in response to my post.  The first 
>is, what does it cost to make biodiesel.  The answer, of course, is 
>that depends... It depends on whether you are just looking at 
>production costs or also including labor and raw material costs.  A 
>homebrewer apparently can make biodiesel at about .50/gallon.  My 
>understanding is that this figure just involves the cost of the 
>production equipment and assumes free raw material/feedstock.  It 
>doesn't include the cost of going to the restaurant to get the 
>grease nor an hourly labor charge during production.

Not so. I've just been looking at costings for a batch-processing 
set-up that includes everything, rents, utilitities, insurance, 
labor, maintenance and truck lease for collection, etc, for a 3,000 
gpd facility generating 1,050,000 gallons a year, cost of production 
well under $0.60 a gallon.

>With notable exceptions, it generally does not result in ASTM-spec 
>commercial grade biodiesel.

The other way round - there are a few people who use sloppy methods 
and bolster their confidence with spurious "tests", thoroughly 
debunked yet they persist, there may even be some of them here. But 
the idea that homebrewers can't make standard-spec fuel simply isn't 
so, most of us can and do. That's an industry myth, and it's about 
time industry did a little bit of checking to see if it's still true 
or not, if it ever was true.

How is a commercial batch plant somehow superior to a well run 
homebrewer's batch plant? After all, that's where NOPEC and the rest 
of the world started fifteen
years ago and still primarily reside, with a few esterification and 
FFA recovery refinements here and there. They all use batch 
processors, so do we, so what's the difference? Economies of scale, 
and therefore of efficiency? Oft bandied about, but those are 
dangerous assumptions, industry myths. Big ain't beautiful - very 
often it only means flabbier, more wasteful, less efficient than a 
dedicated small, local operation would be. Same for quality - big 
operations will do exactly enough to meet minimum requirements, and 
no more, small operations are more likely to take some pride in what 
they do and produce the best product they can. They're also more 
likely to know their customers personally, which makes a difference, 
there are inter-personal and community-level obligations and 
responsibilities involved.

Frankly I think we're all rather tired of this industry crap that we 
can't make good fuel.

This was forwarded to me three years ago from a correspondence with 
an ex-President of the National Biodiesel Board:

"Proponents of "make-it-yourself" fuel are not looked upon as serious 
because there is no way to ensure consistent fuel quality. Of course, 
these groups can be very helpful when approaching government to 
demonstrate community-wide support."

We're a joke, but we can be quite useful, uh-huh. Both the NBB and 
Werner Korbitz of the Austrian Biofuels Institute still promote this 
patronizing myth. Boocock also says that - though we see no signs 
that Biox can meet ASTM-spec, and other industry figures doubt it.

>Commercial production has some significant differences.  Even yellow 
>grease feedstock has a collection cost plus production cost plus 
>margins plus marketing and transportation.  Soybean-based biodiesel 
>has all of these costs and typically a higher raw material cost. 
>Any commercial biodiesel must compete with petroleum diesel and this 
>is the underlying problem.  According to Norman Myers and Jennifer 
>Kent in Perverse Subsidies (see also the Sept/Oct. issue of 
>Ecolonomics in Action or the site without the article at 
>www.ecolonomics.org), taxpayers are subsidizing fossil fuels to the 
>tune of $14 billion annually.  I don't know the basis for their 
>numbers but do know that we don't pay at the pump the true cost of 
>petroleum fuel.

"The national security cost of oil is in the area of $57 billion a 
year, or approximately $9.19 per barrel of oil used in the US." -- 
"The National Security Costs of Petroleum", Energetics and NEOS 
corporation, 1994.
http://www.ethanol-gec.org/natsec.pdf

Friday December 5, 1997 1:38 pm Eastern Time
Company Press Release
SOURCE: Fuels for the Future
'True Cost' of Middle East Oil Exceeds $100 Per Barrel, U.S. Desert 
Storm Military Leader Says; Ethanol Cleans Air In Brazil

NEW YORK, Dec. 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Wall Street Journal 

[biofuel] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair

[Cletus Obrian]

>I was thinking about this today, and I can't even 
>remember a single meteorological news story (i.e. the
>Weather) which gave any real indication of gas 
>percentage levels of the common gasses or uncommon
>ones, with the exception of Ozone and some other 
>particulates or pollutants.  I mean, I would have no
>idea of O2 percentage that is normal, and most people
>wouldn't.  Yet, why not make it part of common
>knowledge?

   Ok I'm coming in in the middle of this so I'm not
100% certain the context you're discussing this in.
   Any high school text on Geology will have something
about the atmospheres composition.  THe atmosphere is
79% Nitrogen, 20% oxygen and about 1% mixture of
Argon, helium and hydrogen.  There are other trace
gases but those are the primary components.  Notice
C02 is NOT on the list.  It's WAY out on the curve.

>This would help, for example, folks to better 
>understand that when they sleep in an enclosed 
>environment without much fresh air, they probably 
>bring the O2 levels well down and the CO2 levels way
>up.

   You'd be extremely hard pressed to significantly
alter the atmosphere unless your house was absolutely
air tight and had no "air mixing" what so ever.  What
you suggest is possible but you'd almost have to go
out of your way to engineer it that way.  In
thermodynamics it is very popular to phrase problems
as "leaky house" problems.  You'd be amazed at the
amount of gasious turnover.  Besides.. natural O2 is 3
orders of magnitude greater in concentration than CO2
and heavier.
   I'd be willing to bet that the most significant
sources of "indoor pollution" come from the outgasing
of your various platic products.  PolyBrominated
DiPhenyl Ethers are in your plastics and furniture in
abundance and they are MUCH more toxic than any of the
aforementioned chemicals.  And there is no place on
this planet you could gather samples from (indoor or
out) and NOT find PCB(poly chlorinated biphenyls).
   
>I've seen the release of O2 into the Earth's 
>atmosphere described as the greatest catastrophe for
>life that ever happened, much worse than the fate of
>the dinosaurs. It wiped out just about everything. 
>Life was mostly anaerobic prior to that, but for a 
>small number of obscure and struggling aerobes - 
>weirdos that lived on explosive gas. Suddenly there 
>was only room for the weirdos, everyone else 
>perished.  Now we all breathe this poisonous 
>explosive stuff and think it's normal.

   While it is true that too much oxygen can give you
oxygen poisoning it's not quite correct to say oxygen
is explosive.  Oxygen is ...well...  an oxidizer.  If
you walked into a room full of oxygen (and nothing
else) and struck a match nothing would happen(your
match stick might burn awfully fast).  However, if you
walked into a room full of 02 and wooden desks and
struck that same match...  you'd likely have problems!
   If you ever get a chance to play with liquid oxygen
throw a lit cigarette into a bucket of it.  All that
happens is the cigarette burns down to the filter VERY
fast.  But no explosion.  If you really want to have
some fun throw magnesium filings into REAL strong
acid(aquaregia).  A little Strontium to give it a nice
red color or perhaps some copper for a nice kelly
green  Now that's local pollution!  (And
suitable to bring a strong statement of disapproval
from your chemistry professor whos caught you red
handed!)
   Also ..  the microbes are responsible for
remidiating the atmosphere of this planet.  As far as
the biochemistry of this planet is concerned the
microbes rule it all.  Most biochem courses are taught
from the perspective of "human biochem for the would
be medical doctor" and life is much more diverse than
that.  THis planet has been sculpted by your favorite
(or maybe not so favorite) microbe.
   Terrestrial plants can use as much as 0.4-0.5% of
C02 and there's only about 0.04-0.05%  in the
atmosphere.  So any excess C02 can be efficiently used
by plants.  The ocean also acts as a TREMENDOUS C02
sink(too much would change the pH of the ocean
though).  My concern with C02 would be it's heat
capacity.  Methane(CH4) is worse.


>Well, I haven't seen that way of discussing the 
>release of greater O2 percentages into the 
>atmosphere.  It was put forth in the context of
>the great mystery as to why there is not more of a 
>historical fossil record of a wider diversity of life
>(land life?) up until a few hundred million years 
>ago.  Trees, for example, I don't think they're
>more than a few hundred million years old.  And many
>creatures, we have fossil records of them, but they 
>do not really start in abundance up until a certain 
>point?

   There is no appreciable fossil record prior to 600
million years ago(THe end of the PreCambrian and the
begining of the Cambrian period).  If the estimate of
the earth's age (5 Billon years) is to be considered
correct we have fossil remains for only the last (more
or less) 10% of that time.  My understanding is tha

[biofuels-biz] EREN Network News -- 11/06/02

[EREN]

=
EREN NETWORK NEWS -- November 6, 2002
A weekly newsletter from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE)
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN).

=

Featuring:
*News and Events
   First Phase of Five-Megawatt Arizona Solar Plant Dedicated
   China Buys Solar Cell Equipment Despite Industry Downturn
   Construction of Zero Energy Home Underway in Tucson, Arizona
   DOE Marks Weatherization Program's 26th Anniversary
   Several New Geothermal Plants Slated for Nevada
   ZAP Offers to Buy Think Electric Vehicles Assets from Ford
   Portland Utility Agrees to Remove 22-Megawatt Hydro Project

*Site News
   Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (MEEA)

*Energy Facts and Tips
   Voters are Increasing Deciding Transportation Issues

*About this Newsletter


--
NEWS AND EVENTS
--
First Phase of Five-Megawatt Arizona Solar Plant Dedicated

APS, Arizona's largest electric utility, dedicated the first phase
of its Prescott Airport Solar Power Plant last week. The new solar
facility is currently online with a capacity of 450 kilowatts, to be
increased to 1.5 megawatts by March 2003. But within the next three
to five years, the utility plans to expand the Prescott facility to
5 megawatts, which will place it among the largest in the world. See
the October 30th press release on the APS Web site at:
.

A number of solar power installations were completed in October,
including one 59-kilowatt and one 56-kilowatt solar power system
installed in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. With funding
from Clean Air Communities, the New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority, and the Greenpoint Manufacturing and Design
Center (GMDC), PowerLight Corporation installed the systems on two
GMDC buildings, including advanced zinc-bromide battery systems for
energy storage. See the Clean Air Communities press release at:
.

The City of San Diego, California, is also employing solar energy,
having installed its first solar power system on the city's
Environmental Services Operations Station building in October. The
city claims the 65-kilowatt system will generate enough electricity
annually to meet the building's electricity needs. See the city's
press release, in PDF format only, at:
.

Details are also emerging on the fate of $2.6 million in grants
awarded last month by the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust. The
grants were awarded to six organizations that will deploy roughly
250 solar power systems in the state. One of those grants, for
$455,700, went to an initiative organized by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT Community Solar Power
Initiative will install 40 solar installations on the MIT campus as
well as on schools, homes, and businesses in Cambridge and the
nearby towns of Watertown, Arlington, Lexington, and Waltham. See
the MIT press release at:
.

All of which should provide plenty to talk about at the 7th Annual
Photovoltaic Experience Conference, also called UPEx '02. The
conference covers the latest issues relating to solar electricity,
including business models used by utilities, solar power's
integration into new building construction, and its use as a
distributed generation resource. The conference runs November 13th
to 15th in Austin, Texas, and is being held as a joint meeting with
the Texas Renewables Conference and in conjunction with the U.S.
Green Building Council's Annual Conference and Exhibition. For more
information, see the Solar Electric Power Association Web site at:
.


China Buys Solar Cell Equipment Despite Industry Downturn

A growing interest in renewable energy in China has led a Chinese
company to purchase a solar cell manufacturing line from GT Solar
Technologies, a U.S. company. Baoding Yingli New Energy Resources
Co., Ltd. of Baoding, China, ordered the cell fabrication equipment
as a follow-up to its purchase of a silicon wafer manufacturing line
earlier this year. The new equipment will allow the Chinese company
to convert its silicon wafers into complete solar cells. Since
GT Solar also sells equipment to turn those cells into complete
solar modules, we might expect more news from the two companies in
the future. See the GT Solar press release at:
.

Unfortunately, China may be bucking the trend: According to Shell
Solar, the worldwide demand for solar cells is down this year. After
f

Re: [biofuel] biokerosene

[Keith Addison]

Hello Raj

>Dear Salim
>   You can make biodiesel with crude palm oil.

It's not so easy to make biodiesel with crude palm oil. It either 
needs refining first, or an adaptation of the acid-base two-stage 
process is needed. These were the findings of a recent research 
project at Songkla University in Thailand. This was much discussed at 
the Biofuels-biz group, with Prof. Michael Allen, who was working on 
the project. Do a search for "Allen" at the group archives:
http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuels-biz
and check the thread titled "High FFA oils - another way".

>and to my knowledge the indonesia government has also some plans in 
>this regard. You can also use biodiesel as fuel like kerosene.

As diesel fuel. It works in some pressurized kerosene cookers, but it 
won't travel up a wick.

Best wishes

Keith

>There are instances
>in India where people and ngo have been doing that for some time.
>
>Regards
>Raj Gopal
>
>Eriell Salim wrote:
>
> > Dear all,
> >
> > I am Eriell Salim, working at an Indonesian NGO focusing on 
>energy and environment issues. Actually, I am interested in biofuel, 
>particularly bio-kerosene as an alternative fuel for rural community 
>in Indonesia.
> >
> > For that purpose, I would like to ask you about "how to make 
>biokerosene" or any information in regards to this i.e. website, 
>book, journals, or proceedings.
> >
> > Thanking you in advance.
> >
> > Best regards,
> >
> > Eriell Salim


Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

Biofuels list archives:
http://archive.nnytech.net/

Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
To unsubscribe, send an email to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] 

Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ 

[biofuel] EREN Network News -- 11/06/02

[EREN]

=
EREN NETWORK NEWS -- November 6, 2002
A weekly newsletter from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE)
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN).

=

Featuring:
*News and Events
   First Phase of Five-Megawatt Arizona Solar Plant Dedicated
   China Buys Solar Cell Equipment Despite Industry Downturn
   Construction of Zero Energy Home Underway in Tucson, Arizona
   DOE Marks Weatherization Program's 26th Anniversary
   Several New Geothermal Plants Slated for Nevada
   ZAP Offers to Buy Think Electric Vehicles Assets from Ford
   Portland Utility Agrees to Remove 22-Megawatt Hydro Project

*Site News
   Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (MEEA)

*Energy Facts and Tips
   Voters are Increasing Deciding Transportation Issues

*About this Newsletter


--
NEWS AND EVENTS
--
First Phase of Five-Megawatt Arizona Solar Plant Dedicated

APS, Arizona's largest electric utility, dedicated the first phase
of its Prescott Airport Solar Power Plant last week. The new solar
facility is currently online with a capacity of 450 kilowatts, to be
increased to 1.5 megawatts by March 2003. But within the next three
to five years, the utility plans to expand the Prescott facility to
5 megawatts, which will place it among the largest in the world. See
the October 30th press release on the APS Web site at:
.

A number of solar power installations were completed in October,
including one 59-kilowatt and one 56-kilowatt solar power system
installed in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. With funding
from Clean Air Communities, the New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority, and the Greenpoint Manufacturing and Design
Center (GMDC), PowerLight Corporation installed the systems on two
GMDC buildings, including advanced zinc-bromide battery systems for
energy storage. See the Clean Air Communities press release at:
.

The City of San Diego, California, is also employing solar energy,
having installed its first solar power system on the city's
Environmental Services Operations Station building in October. The
city claims the 65-kilowatt system will generate enough electricity
annually to meet the building's electricity needs. See the city's
press release, in PDF format only, at:
.

Details are also emerging on the fate of $2.6 million in grants
awarded last month by the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust. The
grants were awarded to six organizations that will deploy roughly
250 solar power systems in the state. One of those grants, for
$455,700, went to an initiative organized by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT Community Solar Power
Initiative will install 40 solar installations on the MIT campus as
well as on schools, homes, and businesses in Cambridge and the
nearby towns of Watertown, Arlington, Lexington, and Waltham. See
the MIT press release at:
.

All of which should provide plenty to talk about at the 7th Annual
Photovoltaic Experience Conference, also called UPEx '02. The
conference covers the latest issues relating to solar electricity,
including business models used by utilities, solar power's
integration into new building construction, and its use as a
distributed generation resource. The conference runs November 13th
to 15th in Austin, Texas, and is being held as a joint meeting with
the Texas Renewables Conference and in conjunction with the U.S.
Green Building Council's Annual Conference and Exhibition. For more
information, see the Solar Electric Power Association Web site at:
.


China Buys Solar Cell Equipment Despite Industry Downturn

A growing interest in renewable energy in China has led a Chinese
company to purchase a solar cell manufacturing line from GT Solar
Technologies, a U.S. company. Baoding Yingli New Energy Resources
Co., Ltd. of Baoding, China, ordered the cell fabrication equipment
as a follow-up to its purchase of a silicon wafer manufacturing line
earlier this year. The new equipment will allow the Chinese company
to convert its silicon wafers into complete solar cells. Since
GT Solar also sells equipment to turn those cells into complete
solar modules, we might expect more news from the two companies in
the future. See the GT Solar press release at:
.

Unfortunately, China may be bucking the trend: According to Shell
Solar, the worldwide demand for solar cells is down this year. After
f

Re: [biofuel] Re: [mdiaircar] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair

[William Clark]

You are correct. It was late when I read that. Sorry for my thick
headedness.

Bill C.
- Original Message -
From: "murdoch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Cc: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 11:53 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Re: [mdiaircar] Nuremberg Inventor's Fair


> On Tue, 5 Nov 2002 22:43:01 -0600, you wrote:
>
> >I think the thing to take from the discussion of O2 increases being
> >dangerous should be that any rapid (geologically) changes in the
composition
> >of the air are dangerous to species which have adapted to specific
> >conditions over long periods. CO2 is the immeadiate threat.
>
> I think you've sort of missed a point.
>
> Increase in CO2 is not the only rapid geological change in air
> composition we have apparently experienced.  Another is concomittant
> *decrease* in O2.
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>


Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

Biofuels list archives:
http://archive.nnytech.net/

Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
To unsubscribe, send an email to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] 

Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ 

[biofuel] Big Boost For Biodesel

[Keith Addison]

Farmers Weekly 01 11 2002

Big Boost For Biodesel

By Andrew Swallow

A WORLD first for farming was announced in Cambs this week with the 
launch of an initiative to show the public and government how much a 
UK biodiesel industry could benefit the environment.

What's more the scheme seems set to raise public awareness of 
farming's potential to provide green fuels, boosting agriculture's 
image. Pioneering biodiesel marketing company GreenErgy is behind the 
plan, which will make l4ha (35 acres) of oilseed rape on set-aside at 
G C Field & Sons' Nook Farm, Little Stukeley, near Huntingdon, the 
world's first carbon-certified crop of oilseed rape.

That certifcation process, audited by KPMG, will allow GreenErgy to 
guarantee consumers that its GlobalDiesel fuel, a 5% -biodiesel plus 
95% Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel blend, will cut net carbon dioxide 
emissions by 5%.

"The carbon certification process takes into account all C02 
emissions associated with the production of the fuel, includ-ing 
planting, growing, harvesting, production and transportation through 
to tailpipe emissions," says the firm's Kate Hinton.

Grower Barwell Field hopes the initiative will help farming's public 
image and spawn a UK biodiesel industry, which will in turn boost his 
returns.

"It would he excellent for British agriculture if this gets off the 
ground. We would be seen as an industry supplying a renewable and 
essential resource to compete with fossil fuels."

A billboard to explain the message to motorists on the neighbouring 
A14 is planned for the certified crop, which is being grown on a 
£125/t minimum price contract for United Oilseeds.

All UO's industrial oilseed rape contracts are for biodiesel, 
representing 30% of the estimated 85,000ha of rape on set-aside this 
season, says company managing director, Martin Farrow. Processing is 
in Germany, but could start in the UK soon.

"We are working with others, including GreenErgy, to create a UK 
production facility. Given the right economic circumstances and 
government encouragement we could be producing biodiesel within 18 
months."

Anticipating a yield of 55t from Mr Field's crop, GreenErgy 
calculates it will produce enough biodiesel to fuel 300 diesel cars, 
or 25 buses, with its 5% blend for a year.

Besides the guaranteed carbon dioxide reduction, GlobalDiesel can 
also give 1% better fuel consumption without any drop in engine 
performance and up to 28% less particulate emissions compared with 
ULSD, says Ms Hinton. The crop at Nook Farm is just the first of many 
crops that will be monitored for carboninputs, she adds.

Retail success
Biodiesel blend GlobalDiesel now accounts for 30% of all diesel sold 
at Holbrook Garage, Stroud, the first UK fuel station to stock it, 
says GreenErgy. It was launched there in June (News, June 21) and as 
yet the Glos forecourt is the only retail outlet. But talks with big 
oil companies mean it could be on many more forecourts very soon, 
says Ms Hinton.


WHY CERTIFY?

. Prove biodiesel benefits.

. Guarantee C02 reduction.

. Fuel marketing tool.

. Demonstrate farming's key role.


Edited by Charles Abel 0208 652 4923

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http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

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[biofuels-biz] Big Boost For Biodesel

[Keith Addison]

Farmers Weekly 01 11 2002

Big Boost For Biodesel

By Andrew Swallow

A WORLD first for farming was announced in Cambs this week with the 
launch of an initiative to show the public and government how much a 
UK biodiesel industry could benefit the environment.

What's more the scheme seems set to raise public awareness of 
farming's potential to provide green fuels, boosting agriculture's 
image. Pioneering biodiesel marketing company GreenErgy is behind the 
plan, which will make l4ha (35 acres) of oilseed rape on set-aside at 
G C Field & Sons' Nook Farm, Little Stukeley, near Huntingdon, the 
world's first carbon-certified crop of oilseed rape.

That certifcation process, audited by KPMG, will allow GreenErgy to 
guarantee consumers that its GlobalDiesel fuel, a 5% -biodiesel plus 
95% Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel blend, will cut net carbon dioxide 
emissions by 5%.

"The carbon certification process takes into account all C02 
emissions associated with the production of the fuel, includ-ing 
planting, growing, harvesting, production and transportation through 
to tailpipe emissions," says the firm's Kate Hinton.

Grower Barwell Field hopes the initiative will help farming's public 
image and spawn a UK biodiesel industry, which will in turn boost his 
returns.

"It would he excellent for British agriculture if this gets off the 
ground. We would be seen as an industry supplying a renewable and 
essential resource to compete with fossil fuels."

A billboard to explain the message to motorists on the neighbouring 
A14 is planned for the certified crop, which is being grown on a 
£125/t minimum price contract for United Oilseeds.

All UO's industrial oilseed rape contracts are for biodiesel, 
representing 30% of the estimated 85,000ha of rape on set-aside this 
season, says company managing director, Martin Farrow. Processing is 
in Germany, but could start in the UK soon.

"We are working with others, including GreenErgy, to create a UK 
production facility. Given the right economic circumstances and 
government encouragement we could be producing biodiesel within 18 
months."

Anticipating a yield of 55t from Mr Field's crop, GreenErgy 
calculates it will produce enough biodiesel to fuel 300 diesel cars, 
or 25 buses, with its 5% blend for a year.

Besides the guaranteed carbon dioxide reduction, GlobalDiesel can 
also give 1% better fuel consumption without any drop in engine 
performance and up to 28% less particulate emissions compared with 
ULSD, says Ms Hinton. The crop at Nook Farm is just the first of many 
crops that will be monitored for carboninputs, she adds.

Retail success
Biodiesel blend GlobalDiesel now accounts for 30% of all diesel sold 
at Holbrook Garage, Stroud, the first UK fuel station to stock it, 
says GreenErgy. It was launched there in June (News, June 21) and as 
yet the Glos forecourt is the only retail outlet. But talks with big 
oil companies mean it could be on many more forecourts very soon, 
says Ms Hinton.


WHY CERTIFY?

. Prove biodiesel benefits.

. Guarantee C02 reduction.

. Fuel marketing tool.

. Demonstrate farming's key role.


Edited by Charles Abel 0208 652 4923

Biofuels at Journey to Forever
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
Biofuel at WebConX
http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm
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[biofuel] Re: [biofuels-biz] Ethanol barriers in Australia

[Keith Addison]

Movember wrote:

>Following some pretty serious scaremongering over the past few
>months, the oil companies have launched an intense campaign at the
>service station level to denigrate the use of ethanol in the Greater
>Sydney/Wollongong Basin.
>
>The tactics being employed are similar to those used by the oil
>majors in the U.S.over twenty years ago. Currently BP, Shell, Caltex
>and Woolworth's are running "no ethanol in our petrol" type ads at
>badged service stations.

Hi Mike

Seems to be quite a campaign, and I'm not at all surprised to see 
David Pimentel's oft-debunked BS on ethanol roped into it. Pimentel 
and Federal Agriculture Minister Warren Truss were interviewed on 
radio recently, see below. I found Truss's website and tried to send 
him a message pointing him to the Pimentel debunkings at our site:
http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html
Is ethanol energy-efficient?

See also:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_food.html
Biofuels - Food or Fuel?

But it didn't work. :-( If you know how to contact him, maybe you could do it?

Regards

Keith


http://www.abc.net.au/am/s687229.htm
AM - 27/9/2002:

Claim ethanol production uneconomic

AM - Friday, September  27, 2002 8:08

LINDA MOTTRAM: An example of the competing tensions for a treasurer 
is soon to come before Federal Cabinet in the form of ethanol, and 
the push to force petrol producers here to include ethanol in their 
product.

The National Party is pushing particularly hard for the measure, 
having convinced the government to promote ethanol as a viable 
domestic industry and an extra market for the nation's struggling 
cane farmers.

But an international expert says it's just politics, advising against 
it with a warning that ethanol production will never be economic.

 From Canberra, Alexandra Kirk reports.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: The Government's pushing full steam ahead to promote 
a local ethanol industry, still under consideration and heavily 
backed by the Nationals, a compulsory level of ethanol in our fuel.

But Professor of Ecology at Cornell University in New York State, 
David Pimentel, says ever since he chaired a study for the US 
Department of Energy in 1980 he's found it to be uneconomic. He says 
all ethanol industries are subsidised and the worst part is most of 
the money goes to big business, not farmers.

He thinks taxpayers money would be better spent on cleaner, alternative fuels.

DAVID PIMENTEL: There is no indication anywhere in the world where 
ethanol production is economic and/ or energy positive at all. In 
fact, all ethanol production has been subsidised.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: But unlike the US and Brazil, the Australian 
Government isn't planning to subsidise the ethanol industry here. 
They've imposed the same excises as on petrol and they're giving it 
back to domestic producers in the form of a subsidy. You don't think 
it could be profitable under those circumstances?

DAVID PIMENTEL: If they are subsidised, then the producers can make a 
go of it, but if it's not subsidised, ethanol production cannot 
compete with gasoline or diesel fuel.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: Under any circumstances you think?

DAVID PIMENTEL: Under any circumstances in any data that I have seen.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: So why do you think it is though that countries are 
willing to support a locally based ethanol industry?

DAVID PIMENTEL: To be frank, it's politics and big money.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: So when the Australian Government says that it is 
considering what level of ethanol it should make compulsory in fuel, 
what would your advice be?

DAVID PIMENTEL: My advice would be no, do not make ethanol additions 
to gasoline mandatory at all.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: But Agriculture Minister and National Party MP, 
Warren Truss, thinks the Professor is far too pessimistic.

WARREN TRUSS: The reality is it is used in increasing quantities in 
many countries around the world. The United States has just 
legislated to increase the amount of ethanol used in their fuel mix 
and I think that there is enormous potential for the ethanol industry 
also in Australia.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: Do you think that the only way you can continue to 
have an ethanol industry here is to subsidise it?

WARREN TRUSS: Well it depends obviously on what oil prices are around 
the world. As oil prices go higher, the attractiveness of ethanol 
increases and clearly, in the United States, they have cheaper oil 
prices than we do, they are more self-sufficient than we will be in 
oil, particularly in the next decade, and so the case for ethanol in 
Australia is much stronger than it is in the United States.

LINDA MOTTRAM: Federal Agriculture Minister Warren Truss speaking to 
Alexandra Kirk in Canberra.


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Re: [biofuels-biz] Ethanol barriers in Australia

[Keith Addison]

Movember wrote:

>Following some pretty serious scaremongering over the past few
>months, the oil companies have launched an intense campaign at the
>service station level to denigrate the use of ethanol in the Greater
>Sydney/Wollongong Basin.
>
>The tactics being employed are similar to those used by the oil
>majors in the U.S.over twenty years ago. Currently BP, Shell, Caltex
>and Woolworth's are running "no ethanol in our petrol" type ads at
>badged service stations.

Hi Mike

Seems to be quite a campaign, and I'm not at all surprised to see 
David Pimentel's oft-debunked BS on ethanol roped into it. Pimentel 
and Federal Agriculture Minister Warren Truss were interviewed on 
radio recently, see below. I found Truss's website and tried to send 
him a message pointing him to the Pimentel debunkings at our site:
http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html
Is ethanol energy-efficient?

See also:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_food.html
Biofuels - Food or Fuel?

But it didn't work. :-( If you know how to contact him, maybe you could do it?

Regards

Keith


http://www.abc.net.au/am/s687229.htm
AM - 27/9/2002:

Claim ethanol production uneconomic

AM - Friday, September  27, 2002 8:08

LINDA MOTTRAM: An example of the competing tensions for a treasurer 
is soon to come before Federal Cabinet in the form of ethanol, and 
the push to force petrol producers here to include ethanol in their 
product.

The National Party is pushing particularly hard for the measure, 
having convinced the government to promote ethanol as a viable 
domestic industry and an extra market for the nation's struggling 
cane farmers.

But an international expert says it's just politics, advising against 
it with a warning that ethanol production will never be economic.

 From Canberra, Alexandra Kirk reports.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: The Government's pushing full steam ahead to promote 
a local ethanol industry, still under consideration and heavily 
backed by the Nationals, a compulsory level of ethanol in our fuel.

But Professor of Ecology at Cornell University in New York State, 
David Pimentel, says ever since he chaired a study for the US 
Department of Energy in 1980 he's found it to be uneconomic. He says 
all ethanol industries are subsidised and the worst part is most of 
the money goes to big business, not farmers.

He thinks taxpayers money would be better spent on cleaner, alternative fuels.

DAVID PIMENTEL: There is no indication anywhere in the world where 
ethanol production is economic and/ or energy positive at all. In 
fact, all ethanol production has been subsidised.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: But unlike the US and Brazil, the Australian 
Government isn't planning to subsidise the ethanol industry here. 
They've imposed the same excises as on petrol and they're giving it 
back to domestic producers in the form of a subsidy. You don't think 
it could be profitable under those circumstances?

DAVID PIMENTEL: If they are subsidised, then the producers can make a 
go of it, but if it's not subsidised, ethanol production cannot 
compete with gasoline or diesel fuel.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: Under any circumstances you think?

DAVID PIMENTEL: Under any circumstances in any data that I have seen.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: So why do you think it is though that countries are 
willing to support a locally based ethanol industry?

DAVID PIMENTEL: To be frank, it's politics and big money.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: So when the Australian Government says that it is 
considering what level of ethanol it should make compulsory in fuel, 
what would your advice be?

DAVID PIMENTEL: My advice would be no, do not make ethanol additions 
to gasoline mandatory at all.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: But Agriculture Minister and National Party MP, 
Warren Truss, thinks the Professor is far too pessimistic.

WARREN TRUSS: The reality is it is used in increasing quantities in 
many countries around the world. The United States has just 
legislated to increase the amount of ethanol used in their fuel mix 
and I think that there is enormous potential for the ethanol industry 
also in Australia.

ALEXANDRA KIRK: Do you think that the only way you can continue to 
have an ethanol industry here is to subsidise it?

WARREN TRUSS: Well it depends obviously on what oil prices are around 
the world. As oil prices go higher, the attractiveness of ethanol 
increases and clearly, in the United States, they have cheaper oil 
prices than we do, they are more self-sufficient than we will be in 
oil, particularly in the next decade, and so the case for ethanol in 
Australia is much stronger than it is in the United States.

LINDA MOTTRAM: Federal Agriculture Minister Warren Truss speaking to 
Alexandra Kirk in Canberra.


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Re: [biofuel] biokerosene

[Keith Addison]

>Dear all,
>
>I am Eriell Salim, working at an Indonesian NGO focusing on energy 
>and environment issues. Actually, I am interested in biofuel, 
>particularly bio-kerosene as an alternative fuel for rural community 
>in Indonesia.
>
>For that purpose, I would like to ask you about "how to make 
>biokerosene" or any information in regards to this i.e. website, 
>book, journals, or proceedings.
>
>Thanking you in advance.
>
>Best regards,
>
>Eriell Salim

Hello Eriell

What exactly is biokerosene?

Best

Keith


Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

Biofuels list archives:
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Re: [biofuel] biokerosene

[Raj Gopal]

Dear Salim
   You can make biodiesel with crude palm oil. and to my 
knowledge the indonesia government has also some plans in this regard. You can 
also use biodiesel as fuel like kerosene. There are instances
in India where people and ngo have been doing that for some time.

Regards
Raj Gopal

Eriell Salim wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I am Eriell Salim, working at an Indonesian NGO focusing on energy and 
> environment issues. Actually, I am interested in biofuel, particularly 
> bio-kerosene as an alternative fuel for rural community in Indonesia.
>
> For that purpose, I would like to ask you about "how to make biokerosene" or 
> any information in regards to this i.e. website, book, journals, or 
> proceedings.
>
> Thanking you in advance.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Eriell Salim
>
> -
> Get a bigger mailbox -- choose a size that fits your needs.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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[biofuel] Re: Is Ethanol Energy Efficient?

[Keith Addison]

womplex_oo1 wrote:

>Appropriate links to the DOE and Michigan State University reports
>are missing from the following quote:
>
>"Only Dr. Pimentel disagrees with this analysis. But his outdated
>work has been refuted by experts from entities as diverse as the
>USDA, DOE, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University,
>and the Colorado School of Mines. While the opponents of ethanol will
>no doubt continue to peddle Pimentel's baseless charges, they are
>absolutely without credibility," the Renewable Fuels Association
>commented.

:-) Maybe I should go through your website and find every quote that 
doesn't have a url to a full report attached to it?

There ARE no urls, that's why they're not there. It doesn't say there 
are reports. It says people at the DOE and Michigan State University 
have refuted Pimentel's work. It could have been in a radio interview 
or a newspaper quote or something. I don't know of any report on the 
energy efficiency of ethanol from the DOE since 1980. The Shapouri, 
Duffield and Wang USDA report cites previous studies. Download it, 
why don't you, and have a look?

This time you want DOE and Michigan State University reports, last 
time it was DOE and the Argonne National Laboratory. The Argonne 
National Laboratory is where Michael Wang works, co-author of the 
USDA study, for which links are provided. That's perfectly clear on 
that page. I think you should check a bit more carefully maybe before 
saying there aren't links and yelling for help?

>The following link also doesn't work:

"Also"? Also and what?

>Another thorough rebuttal, by the Rooster News Network: "Industry
>Argues That Ethanol Delivers"
>http://ww2.rooster.com:80/rooster_public/news/detail.jsp?
>id=4975&cid=3&Title=Industry+Argues+That+Ethanol+Delivers

I'm not sure what's happened to the Rooster News Network, maybe it's 
just offline at the moment. Anyway, here's the text of the article. 
Now you can put it all on your website, eh? If I can do all this, why 
can't you do it yourself?

Keith



http://ww2.rooster.com:80/rooster_public/news/detail.jsp?id=4975&cid=3 
&Title=Industry+Argues+That+Ethanol+Delivers

Rooster.com | News | Industry Argues That Ethanol Delivers

Industry Argues That Ethanol Delivers
Editors, Rooster News Network -- Tuesday, September 4, 2001

Last month, David Pimentel of Cornell University published a rather 
critical analysis of the viability (or lack there of) of ethanol 
production in the United States (see yesterday's story here on 
Rooster.com). He concludes that ethanol production is not a renewable 
energy source, does not enhance energy security, is not an economical 
fuel, and does not insure clean air.

Those in the ethanol industry -- scientists, grain processors and 
several commodity groups -- have been quick to refute his studies 
with some research of their own. The National Corn Growers 
Association (NCGA) points to work done by Michael Graboski, professor 
of engineering at Colorado School of Mines. Following is Graboski's 
response to each of these claims made by Pimentel.

A renewable resource

Contrary to Pimentel's calculations, corn ethanol yields a very net 
positive energy balance, and has a positive impact on U.S. energy 
supplies. Researchers at Argonne National Laboratories found, based 
on 1997 agricultural data, that the energy in corn ethanol was 1.37 
times the energy in fossil inputs (Btu in ethanol/Btu in inputs). 
Likewise USDA researchers found a net energy ratio of 1.24 based upon 
agricultural data collected in 1991 to 1995.

In producing ethanol from corn, wastes and energy crops, low-grade 
fuels like coal and natural gas are effectively transformed into 
high-quality liquid transportation fuels. About 84% of the energy 
consumed in producing corn-based ethanol comes from coal and natural 
gas, while only 16% is petroleum based. Thus, corn ethanol represents 
a very efficient way of increasing U.S. gasoline and diesel supply. 
Because of increased supply, ethanol acts to depress the price of 
gasoline and fuel oil.

Pimentel's analysis is based upon older data, and contains a number 
of inaccuracies. It does not properly account for the efficiency of 
much of the industrial processing related to ethanol. Pimentel's 
energy balance is based upon the performance of 1979 ethanol 
conversion facilities.

According to USDA, fertilizer accounts for about 45% of the energy 
required to grow and harvest corn. Pimentel ignores publicly 
available information supplied by the U.S. fertilizer industry trade 
association regarding the energy efficiency of the U.S. fertilizer 
industry and instead assumes that it performs like a third-world 
industry in accordance with a UN FAO world average analysis. He thus 
assumes a pound of U.S. fertilizer nitrogen requires 33,500 Btu to 
produce today, while the U.S. industry actually used only 22,600 Btu 
in 1987, according to The Fertilizer Institute.

Pimentel significantly overstates the energy requireme

[biofuel] biokerosene

[Eriell Salim]

Dear all,

I am Eriell Salim, working at an Indonesian NGO focusing on energy and 
environment issues. Actually, I am interested in biofuel, particularly 
bio-kerosene as an alternative fuel for rural community in Indonesia. 

For that purpose, I would like to ask you about "how to make biokerosene" or 
any information in regards to this i.e. website, book, journals, or proceedings.

Thanking you in advance.

Best regards,

Eriell Salim




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