Re: [biofuel] WVO

[Keith Addison]

Hi Fritz

>Hi Keith,
>tank you for the answer,this Jean Pain story fascinatet me for years!

Ramjee Swaminathan sent it to me. What a wonderful thing is the Biofuel list!

It's a pity that so little information is available about him. I 
think there's a French website, can you read French? IIRC the English 
version of it is more or less dead.

>sorry for my expressions before,it was pure frustration about this canadian
>wastementality!

It's okay, I understand the frustration (it's not just Canadian!), 
and that it's not always easy to remember that not everyone is as 
profane as modern Westerners are inclined to be. We have to respect 
it though.

regards

Keith



>Fritz



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Re: [biofuel] Biofuels and sustainability

[Keith Addison]

Hi Ed

You're quite right, IMHO. But there's an embarrassment of riches really.

>Keith:
>
>In reply to your point on sustainability of agriculture for plant oils
>to be used as fuels,  a few thoughts...
>
>- organic rapeseed production (folkecenter in Denmark has some good
>info online on this)

Yes, but it's nothing special, same as any other crop. It's a 
brassica, growing brassicas sustainably isn't a problem at all.

>-co-cropping (there was a good study done where peas and Camelina
>Sativa were co-cropped, with good results)

Or multicropping, or intercropping. Look to the traditional systems 
for that, especially in the East. In China they intercrop rice and 
mandarins, think of that.

>-use of inedibles, drought resistant, native species (as in Honge in
>India, mustard, etc.)

Which lets in a lot of set-aside land (1 million hectares of it here 
in crowded Japan, some of it now being used for oilseed rape 
production, for biodiesel, and some of that is sustainably produced), 
and it also lets in a lot of non-agricultural land. Along with what I 
said previously about city farms and so on:

http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUELS-BIZ/1801/

http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUELS-BIZ/1395/

>- use of nut trees and other perennials instead of annuals
>
>These tactics would all help, I think, versus our dependence on just a
>few crops, and crops that need a lot of fossil inputs to get any kind
>of yield.

Yes, it's just a myth.

Take something ordinary, for instance, one of the "few" crops, rice. 
"It has been estimated that 700 000 t per year of rice bran oil could 
be extracted from the 20% world paddy production currently processed 
in two-stage mills."

So 80% - equivalent to 2,800,000 tons - gets "wasted" because more 
"efficient" single-stage milling mixes the bran with the hulls. Even 
the 20% makes 231 million gallons a year, another 924 million gallons 
in the other 80%. And the bran also contains 40-50% soluble 
carbohydrates, for ethanol.

That's the wasted potential with only current production methods. 
Using the SRI methods, the System of Rice Intensification developed 
by a French missionary in Madagascar 25 years ago, and now being 
enthusiastically taken up by farmers worldwide, yields can be vastly 
increased, inputs go right down to as low as zero, including big 
savings in seed, and water needs are cut by 80% or more. The 
establishment, however, such as IRRI (the International Rice Research 
Institute in the Philippines, one of the major perpetrators of the 
disastrous so-called "Green Revolution"), pooh-pooh it as 
"unscientific". US rice farmers have taken no notice at all, while 
continuing to commandeer large amounts of scarce water in places like 
California, from the moral high-ground that "We grow your food." 
Norman Uphoff at Cornell thinks otherwise:
http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/
SRI Homepage/System of Rice Intensification

A look at the amazing Plants For A Future Database gives an idea of 
how little we've explored so far - barely scratched the surface.
http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/D_search.html
PFAF Database Search

James Duke's Handbook of Energy Crops tells a similar story:
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/dukeindex.html
Handbook of Energy Crops Index

Apart from that, there's still 2 or 3 billion gallons of WVO going to 
waste in the US every year, probably 3 or 4 times that much again in 
the other industrialized countries, and who knows how much in the 
rest of the world. Add in all the corn oil apparently wasted at 
large-scale ethanol-from-grain plants because nobody thought yet that 
hey, maybe we should make biodiesel out of it (though some of the 
very same companies also make biodiesel, but only from soy), plus 
huge lakes of surplus soy oil, surplus rapeseed oil too I think, and 
maybe others, just for starters... and we're supposed to take the 
penthouse-view of the centralized Think Big folks seriously when they 
say we can't grow "enough" biofuels. We're also supposed to take 
*them* seriously,  rather than kicking them all out and going for 
local-level initiatives, and production methods that aren't wasteful 
and are sustainable.

When you look at stuff like this (tip of the iceberg) the only 
conclusion seems to be that we're in this energy pickle of today, and 
especially tomorrow, not because of mismanagement but because of no 
management at all. Probably the first priority is to get altogether 
rid of this ridiculous bunch of bumbling and probably corrupt idiots 
who reckon they have to run everything for us because we're too thick 
to do it ourselves. But that has always been the problem, the real 
story of history, in which we lose all the battles but steadily win 
the war.

"What's all this off-topic political crap got to do with biofuels???" LOL!

Regards

Keith



>Edward Beggs
>http://www.biofuels.ca
>On Jul 31, 2004, at 12:21 AM, Keith Addison wrote:
>
> > Hello all
> >
> > We've had some interesting posts of news items 

[biofuel] Biodiesel and sunlight question

[Teoman Naskali]

I cant remember now but i think read that uv light
helps the biodiesel production process, so would it do
any good if the methanol wvo mix was passed between 2
piesecss of glass (2  old windows with a twisting path
to lengthen the journey).


Just a thought.

Oh and another thought while i am at it, has anyone
used wind and solar power in theri processors? A
windpowered pump could be very usefull and you could
mix for a week for a very complete reaction.




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[biofuel] WVO

[Friedrich Friesinger]

Hi Keith,
tank you for the answer,this Jean Pain story fascinatet me for years!
sorry for my expressions before,it was pure frustration about this canadian
wastementality!
Fritz

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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Re: [biofuel] more anything into oil

[Keith Addison]

Hello John

>Hi,
>
>I have found another forum that seems to have copious
>(over 1000 posts) amounts of info on thermal
>depolymerization. I have not read it all but it seems
>very worthwhile.  Even though some may disagree I
>still think this technology could change the world if
>it works.

The points wasn't whether it works or not, it was the context, which 
could be more important than simply the mechanics of it. I'd've 
thought someone with a website called www.GrowYourOwnFood.com 
wouldn't have difficulty seeing that. If you want to "change the 
world", especially its energy use, we can do without the "unforeseen" 
side-effects that tend to follow the context-free view. My previous 
response to you is here, maybe you'll have a second look.
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37060/

Basically, this technology, no matter how well it works, is being 
proposed as an add-on to something that's already seriously broken, 
and it won't fix it. As to how it's broken, see below, "Excrement 
Happens", and also this:

http://journeytoforever.org/compost_humanure.html
Humanure

Best wishes

Keith


>http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=829&whichpage=1
>
>
>Thanks again for your time.
>John
>
>
>=
>www.GrowYourOwnFood.com  Affordable Hydroponic Systems


http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/bulletin.cfm?Issue_ID=1299
Environmental Research Foundation - Rachel's Weekly
Rachel's Environment & Health News

#644 - Excrement Happens -- Part 1, April 01, 1999

Excrement Happens -- Part 1
Recently we came upon a history of the management of human excreta -- 
urine and feces -- starting back in the mists of time and working 
forward to the present day.[1] It turns out that this unlikely topic 
can tell us something important about the way humans make 
environmental decisions. For that reason, we're going to recap the 
story here. The original author, Abby A. Rockefeller, deserves credit 
for all the original work, though not, of course, blame for any of 
our lapses or misinterpretations in the retelling. Where we have 
supplemented Ms. Rockefeller's history with additional facts, they 
appear inside square brackets.

* * *

Humans began to lead a settled life, growing crops to supplement 
hunting and gathering, only about 10,000 years ago. For all time 
before that, humans "deposited their excreta -- urine and feces -- on 
the ground, here and there, in the manner of all other land 
creatures." The soil and its communities (including plants, small 
animals and microorganisms) captured almost all of the nutrients in 
animal excrement and recycled them into new components for soil. In 
this way, the nutrients were endlessly recycled within the soil 
ecosystem and largely kept out of surface water.

As a result, what we call "pure water" is low in nutrients, 
particularly the major nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. Because 
these conditions have existed for a very long time, life in lakes, 
rivers, and oceans is accustomed to the relative absence of these 
nutrients. Over the past couple of billion years, life has flourished 
in this low- nutrient environment, growing complex and interdependent 
in the process -- an aquatic condition we call "clean" and "healthy."

When a body of water is suddenly inundated with nutrients -- 
especially nitrogen and phosphorus -- things change drastically. One 
or a few organisms flourish and begin to crowd out the others. We can 
all recall seeing a body of water that is pea-soup green from 
overgrowth of algae. Such a water body is clearly sick, choked, its 
diversity vastly diminished.

Today, much of the surface water of the planet is in a state of ill 
health because of misplaced nutrients. And a main contributing 
culprit is misplaced human excreta.

Long ago, human civilizations split into two camps regarding the 
management of excreta. Many Asian societies recognized the nutrient 
value of "night soil" (as it became known). For several thousand 
years, and up until very recently, Asian agriculture flourished by 
recycling human wastes into crop land.

The opposing camp, particularly in Europe, had ambiguous feelings 
about human waste -- was it valuable fertilizer or was it a nasty and 
embarrassing problem to get rid of?

In Europe, a pattern evolved: The first stage was urinating and 
defecating on the ground near dwellings. As population density 
increased, this became intolerable and the community pit evolved. For 
privacy, this evolved into the pit privy or "outhouse" -- a privacy 
structure atop a hole in the ground. Despite what many people may 
think, the pit privy is not environmentally sound -- it deprives the 
soil of the nutrients in excrement, and by concentrating wastes it 
promotes pollution of groundwater by those same nutrients.

Before the advent of piped water in the late 18th century, European 
towns stored excreta in cesspools (lined pits with some drainage of 
liquids) or in vault privies (tight tanks without any drainage). The 
"night soil" was r

Re: [biofuel] Overstating the bad, just a little

[Keith Addison]

Hello Ernie

>Keith,
>
>Maybe you are overstating the case a bit.

Nope. And I didn't state it, NRDC did. But I've stated it often 
enough before, including here. Hm... Maybe not often enough.

>(Oh, there is a "case," all
>right.)  For example, your

Not mine, NRDC's. But I agree with them.

>"toxic ammonia" is the same stuff the farmers buy by the
>millions of tons to fertilize their crops.

Yes, mugs. Anybody who pays good money for nitrogen is a mug.

>And, do you have to call
>fertilizer a waste?

Again, not me, but I agree anyway. It's a waste, in all its forms. 
"Ammonia, a toxic form of nitrogen released in gas form during waste 
disposal..." Waste disposal? What's waste disposal? Very strange 
idea, from start of finish, and in no way a good one. That's organic 
matter in "waste" dumps that's producing that ammonia, and it 
shouldn't be there in the first place. As I said.

Yes, I do have to call fertilizer a waste. Well, let's get that 
straight first of all - the stuff millions of tons of which farmers 
buy to "fertilize" their crops, as you say, is not fertilizer and it 
doesn't fertilize their crops. I'm not just being argumentative, this 
is important, it's a total misconception and a very damaging one. 
Pollen and bees and birds and the wind fertilize crops. So-called 
"fertilizers" don't fertilize crops, they feed them. They're not 
fertilizers, they're concentrated plant nutrients. They're misnamed 
"fertilizers" because what they replaced, or tried to, were truly 
fertilizers - animal manures and composted crop wastes, green manure 
crops etc, which fertilize the soil, helping to build and maintain 
soil fertility. That's what fertilizers do. The chemical plant 
nutrients that substituted for them weren't at first called 
"fertilizers", they were called "artificial manures", then later 
"artificials", finally "fertilizers", but in no way do they fertilize 
the soil, quite the opposite. The basis of soil fertility is humus 
maintenance, and chemical nutrients help to destroy it, WITHOUT 
replacing it. It's a delusion.

What the farmers who buy the stuff do is use more and more to achieve 
less and less, and as the soil life is destroyed and imbalanced, they 
get to buy all the "necessary" pesticides as well, from the same 
folks, what a surprise, and have to use more and more of them too, 
for less and less effect. It's a losing game. It's kind of crazy 
anyway, as most of the stuff in the fertilizer bag cannot do the 
plants any good at all until it's been further processed by the very 
soil microorganisms that use of the "fertilizers" tends to destroy, 
or at best severely hamper. Most phosphorus (superphosphate or 
triple-superphosphate) is added to phosphorus-rich soils, where most 
of it either leaches out or quickly joins what's already there in 
becoming unavailable to plants, to be made steadily available again 
as and where the plant needs it by soil microorganisms. This happens 
best in a well-balanced, humus-rich soil that has not been abused 
half to death by constantly being knifed by harsh chemicals and 
acids. Same with chemical nitrogen. Not only is there no need for it, 
it's counter-productive.

More and more farmers are realising this now, which I also said. 
Farmers in the industrialised countries are using less chemical 
"fertilizers" now than they were 20 years ago, including the US, and 
that's a worldwide trend, with the exception of China. A sad 
exception - China maintained its soil fertility by means of admirable 
sustainable methods for 4,000 years, with not very much good land and 
in the face of ever-growing population pressure. Only to abandon it 
now. But China will learn the error of its ways, hopefully before 
it's too late.

To sum up, chemical "fertilizers" like ammonia are worse than 
useless, and part of an unsustainable industrialized agricultural 
system that is scientifically unsound and is now on the wane. 
Scientifically unsound? Indeed yes - even Baron Justus von Liebig, 
the great German chemist who developed the theories of plant 
nutrition on which the whole shaky edifice is founded, rejected his 
findings before he died, and a now-massive amount of evidence 
confirms it.

For our purposes here, and the reason I sent those four posts on 
agriculture, these discredited industrialised methods are extremely 
energy-intensive. Eg, "Nitrogen fertilizers are manufactured by 
combining atmospheric N2 with hydrogen (from methane) to produce 
ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or urea. The process is very 
energy intensive, as it must be done under high temperature and 
pressure." Where does the energy come from? Fossil-fuels, of course. 
Industrialised agriculture is heavily dependent on fossil-fuel inputs 
and cannot be the basis for the production of biofuels crops if 
they're truly to be sustainable or renewable.

By the way, this is not just armchair talk. I've been proving it 
every day for 25 years. Many, many others have been proving it every

Re: [biofuel] WVO

[Keith Addison]

Hi Fritz

>Hi all,
>today i have a few (as a matter of fact a lot) of questions about 
>collecting and processing WVO!
>I have sofar found out,that most Restaurantowners are Pigs and there 
>is a lot of Education to be done in recycling Waste!
>Most of the WVO is havyly contaminatet whit all kinds of water-soups 
>and vegetables,papertowels and all kind of other shit!

Please! Sorry to be squeaky-clean, I know it's very common, but still 
it offends a lot of people, especially from other cultures, and we 
have just about all the cultures here.

>Beside of that bad smell i think there is a lot of good stuff in 
>this soup and one should not trow things out in mother nature.

Too true.

>So what to doe whith all the good stuff? It crossed my mind to 
>produce Methanegas.
>In an old Readers Digest i wrote once of an experiment a french Gardener
>Namend Pain was making in the french Pyrenes.He produced Methanegas 
>by composting hacked bushescraps and so running his Nursery complet 
>of Grid.

See:

Jean Pain: France's King of Green Gold
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html#pain

Also:

Methane Digesters For Fuel Gas and Fertilizer -- With Complete 
Instructions For Two Working Models
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html#methanefry

Interview: L. John Fry
Interview: Ram Bux Singh

Nepal Biogas Plant -- Construction Manual
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html#nepgas

The other option is to compost it:

http://journeytoforever.org/compost.html
Composting

Whatever you do with it, please keep us informed.

Best wishes

Keith


>Now the "soup" from the Restaurant combined whit hacked bushscraps 
>should give a fine Methanolgas! (specaly the bush-hacking would be a 
>graet plaesure :)))  )
>One big Question is,what kind of pump should be used to pump the 
>Methanol in Storage Tanks,and is Methanol liquifiing under 
>pressure???
>Another Question is:I have installed a 40Gall.Hotwatertank on level 
>lower of my
>WVO Storagetank,but the oil is not filling in the 
>Hotwatertank,perhaps because of a ventilationproblem in the HWT! 
>Should i cut an opening at the top the Tank?
>For any help thanks in advance
>Fritz



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[biofuel] 12 Myths About Hunger

[Keith Addison]

Fuel vs food? A common criticism of biofuels. Is it true?

http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_food.html
Biofuels - Food or Fuel?

See also:
http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html
Is ethanol energy-efficient?



http://www.foodfirst.org/pubs/backgrdrs/1998/s98v5n3.html


Why so much hunger?
What can we do about it?

To answer these questions we must unlearn much of what we have been taught.

Only by freeing ourselves from the grip of widely held myths can we 
grasp the roots of hunger and see what we can do to end it.

Myth 1

Not Enough Food to Go Around

Reality: Abundance, not scarcity, best describes the world's food 
supply. Enough wheat, rice and other grains are produced to provide 
every human being with 3,500 calories a day. That doesn't even count 
many other commonly eaten foods-vegetables, beans, nuts, root crops, 
fruits, grass-fed meats, and fish. Enough food is available to 
provide at least 4.3 pounds of food per person a day worldwide: two 
and half pounds of grain, beans and nuts, about a pound of fruits and 
vegetables, and nearly another pound of meat, milk and eggs-enough to 
make most people fat! The problem is that many people are too poor to 
buy readily available food. Even most "hungry countries" have enough 
food for all their people right now. Many are net exporters of food 
and other agricultural products.

Myth 2

Nature's to Blame for Famine

Reality: It's too easy to blame nature. Human-made forces are making 
people increasingly vulnerable to nature's vagaries. Food is always 
available for those who can afford it-starvation during hard times 
hits only the poorest. Millions live on the brink of disaster in 
south Asia, Africa and elsewhere, because they are deprived of land 
by a powerful few, trapped in the unremitting grip of debt, or 
miserably paid. Natural events rarely explain deaths; they are simply 
the final push over the brink. Human institutions and policies 
determine who eats and who starves during hard times. Likewise, in 
America many homeless die from the cold every winter, yet ultimate 
responsibility doesn't lie with the weather. The real culprits are an 
economy that fails to offer everyone opportunities, and a society 
that places economic efficiency over compassion.

Myth 3

Too Many People

Reality: Birth rates are falling rapidly worldwide as remaining 
regions of the Third World begin the demographic transition-when 
birth rates drop in response to an earlier decline in death rates. 
Although rapid population growth remains a serious concern in many 
countries, nowhere does population density explain hunger. For every 
Bangladesh, a densely populated and hungry country, we find a 
Nigeria, Brazil or Bolivia, where abundant food resources coexist 
with hunger. Costa Rica, with only half of Honduras' cropped acres 
per person, boasts a life expectancy-one indicator of nutrition -11 
years longer than that of Honduras and close to that of developed 
countries. Rapid population growth is not the root cause of hunger. 
Like hunger itself, it results from underlying inequities that 
deprive people, especially poor women, of economic opportunity and 
security. Rapid population growth and hunger are endemic to societies 
where land ownership, jobs, education, health care, and old age 
security are beyond the reach of most people. Those Third World 
societies with dramatically successful early and rapid reductions of 
population growth rates-China, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Cuba and the 
Indian state of Kerala-prove that the lives of the poor, especially 
poor women, must improve before they can choose to have fewer 
children.

Myth 4

The Environment vs. More Food?

Reality: We should be alarmed that an environmental crisis is 
undercutting our food-production resources, but a tradeoff between 
our environment and the world's need for food is not inevitable. 
Efforts to feed the hungry are not causing the environmental crisis. 
Large corporations are mainly responsible for deforestation-creating 
and profiting from developed-country consumer demand for tropical 
hardwoods and exotic or out-of-season food items. Most pesticides 
used in the Third World are applied to export crops, playing little 
role in feeding the hungry, while in the U.S. they are used to give a 
blemish-free cosmetic appearance to produce, with no improvement in 
nutritional value.

Alternatives exist now and many more are possible. The success of 
organic farmers in the U.S. gives a glimpse of the possibilities. 
Cuba's recent success in overcoming a food crisis through 
self-reliance and sustainable, virtually pesticide-free agriculture 
is another good example. Indeed, environmentally sound agricultural 
alternatives can be more productive than environmentally destructive 
ones.

Myth 5

The Green Revolution is the Answer

Reality: The production advances of the Green Revolution are no myth. 
Thanks to the new seeds, million of tons more grain a year are being 
harvested.

[biofuel] more anything into oil

[John Walston]

Hi,

I have found another forum that seems to have copious 
(over 1000 posts) amounts of info on thermal
depolymerization. I have not read it all but it seems
very worthwhile.  Even though some may disagree I
still think this technology could change the world if
it works.
http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=829&whichpage=1


Thanks again for your time.
John


=
www.GrowYourOwnFood.com  Affordable Hydroponic Systems

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Re: [biofuel] Re: pneumatic exhaust silencers / final filtering of biodiesel

[Gregg Davidson]

ERROR IN PREVOUS POST:
 
Hi L,
 
The silencers are $2.28, rather than $2.80.I need more coffee to wake up 
faster. Sorry for the mistake.
 
Gregg the semi-awake

bioveging <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
G'day Greg;
http://www.mscdirect.com/MSCCatLookup2.process?MSCProdID=60526142 
has the pneumatics you are looking for. They are in the US, so if 
that is where you are you can easily order them.
As far as filtering goes, and I could need a little guidance here 
also, what I am going to do is, after the final wash, run it through 
a home heating furnace filter (it has a felt insert)as well as a 
clear in-line fuel filter effectively filtering it twice and then 
let it set for a week or to to see if anything else settles (which 
it shouldn't but...)

L.

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "gregg2560" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi All,
> 
> I was wondering where I could purchase the pneumatic exhaust 
> silencers that Ian uses. A few years ago, we used something very 
> similar to them in an early oil/grease extraction test in our 
> wastewater lab, which I was able to scrounge up. If what I have is 
> what Ian uses, then he's right, they don't dissolve in BD, hexane, 
or 
> acetone.
> 
> Also, my latest batch of biodiesel is nearly finished & I was 
> wondering what type of final filter I need to use, ie 20 micron, 
10, 
> etc.I searched the archives & didn't find anything, but perhaps I 
did 
> not look in the right spot.
> 
> As always,any help,suggestions, or advice is greatly appreciated.
> 
> Sincerely 
> 
> Gregg Davidson




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[biofuel] WVO

[Friedrich Friesinger]

Hi all,
today i have a few (as a matter of fact a lot) of questions about collecting 
and processing WVO!
I have sofar found out,that most Restaurantowners are Pigs and there is a lot 
of Education to be done in recycling Waste!
Most of the WVO is havyly contaminatet whit all kinds of water-soups and 
vegetables,papertowels and all kind of other shit!
Beside of that bad smell i think there is a lot of good stuff in this soup and 
one should not trow things out in mother nature.So what to doe whith all the 
good stuff? It crossed my mind to produce Methanegas.
In an old Readers Digest i wrote once of an experiment a french Gardener
Namend Pain was making in the french Pyrenes.He produced Methanegas by 
composting hacked bushescraps and so running his Nursery complet of Grid.
Now the "soup" from the Restaurant combined whit hacked bushscraps should give 
a fine Methanolgas! (specaly the bush-hacking would be a graet plaesure :)))  )
One big Question is,what kind of pump should be used to pump the Methanol in 
Storage Tanks,and is Methanol liquifiing under pressure???
Another Question is:I have installed a 40Gall.Hotwatertank on level lower of my
WVO Storagetank,but the oil is not filling in the Hotwatertank,perhaps because 
of a ventilationproblem in the HWT! Should i cut an opening at the top the Tank?
For any help thanks in advance
Fritz 

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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Re: [biofuel] Re: pneumatic exhaust silencers / final filtering of biodiesel

[Gregg Davidson]

Hi L,
 
Thanks for the information on the silencers. Yes, I am in the US & $2.80 is not 
a lot to pay. When I go through the 8 or 10 that I have, I'll get some ordered. 
Like I mentioned in my post, we used something quite similar in an early form 
of an oil & grease extraction than Varian Scientific was involved with. We 
actually used them as a final filter for the test. They stood up to whatever we 
put through them. 
 
Now, at present, when I filter my biodiesel I do it the following way: 1) Use a 
400 micron cone shaped paint strainer with some cheesecloth. That gets the big 
stuff. 2) Using the same strainer, but this time I remove the cheesecloth, & 
replace it with a "Wipe-All", a very thick paper towel. 3) Using the strainer 
once more, but replacing the used Wipe-All with 3 or 4 8-12 cup paper coffee 
filters, then allowing to sit for a few days. This helps considerbly, BUT, 
since I tend to be a bit "anal retentive" (that comes with my job), I want to 
filter it some more.
 
Again, my thanks for the info on those silencers & I apologize for being a bit 
long winded in my reply.
 
Gregg

bioveging <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
G'day Greg;
http://www.mscdirect.com/MSCCatLookup2.process?MSCProdID=60526142 
has the pneumatics you are looking for. They are in the US, so if 
that is where you are you can easily order them.
As far as filtering goes, and I could need a little guidance here 
also, what I am going to do is, after the final wash, run it through 
a home heating furnace filter (it has a felt insert)as well as a 
clear in-line fuel filter effectively filtering it twice and then 
let it set for a week or to to see if anything else settles (which 
it shouldn't but...)

L.

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "gregg2560" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi All,
> 
> I was wondering where I could purchase the pneumatic exhaust 
> silencers that Ian uses. A few years ago, we used something very 
> similar to them in an early oil/grease extraction test in our 
> wastewater lab, which I was able to scrounge up. If what I have is 
> what Ian uses, then he's right, they don't dissolve in BD, hexane, 
or 
> acetone.
> 
> Also, my latest batch of biodiesel is nearly finished & I was 
> wondering what type of final filter I need to use, ie 20 micron, 
10, 
> etc.I searched the archives & didn't find anything, but perhaps I 
did 
> not look in the right spot.
> 
> As always,any help,suggestions, or advice is greatly appreciated.
> 
> Sincerely 
> 
> Gregg Davidson




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[biofuel] Overstating the bad, just a little

[Arcologic]

Keith,

Maybe you are overstating the case a bit.  (Oh, there is a "case," all 
right.)  For example, your "toxic ammonia" is the same stuff the farmers buy by 
the 
millions of tons to fertilize their crops.  And, do you have to call 
fertilizer a waste?

Ernie Rogers
* Ammonia, a toxic form of nitrogen released in gas form during waste 
disposal, can be carried more than 300 miles through the air before 
being dumped back onto the ground or into the water, where it causes 
algal blooms and fish kills.


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RE: [biofuel] PEX tubing

[ardis streeter]

--- Arlos  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> As the literature says for PEX tubing, it's for
> potable water only.
> Check a reactivity chart for listed materials and
> uses.
>  
> Arlos
>  
> -Original Message-
> From: R. Joseph Murphy [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 
> Sent: Saturday, July 31, 2004 6:41 AM
> To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [biofuel] PEX tubing
>  
> [Edited to change subject heading from "Re:
> [biofuel] Digest Number
> 2268". PLEASE change the title when you auto-reply
> to a message in the
> Daily Digest. Nobody will read a message titled "Re:
> Digest Number
> 2268", it confuses the threads and fouls up archives
> searches forever.
> Thankyou. List owner]
> 
> Hello listmembers,
> 
> Been following the list for some time now and have
> enjoyed reading all
> your
> comments.
> A friend and I are now at the stage of begining to
> assemble a biodiesel
> reactor and I will be converting my dodge pickup to
> SVO (biodiesel use
> in
> winter is what I'm thinking) or straight veg oil
> when I can't get around
> to
> doing the process.
> 
> My question. Can PEX tubing (heating application-
> crosslinked
> polyetheline
> tubing) be used as a fuel line or would it be
> adversly affected by the
> alcohol in a poorly washed batch or two of
> biodiesel?
> 
> 
> thanks
> joseph
> Joseph, Using polyethylene,cross linked pex tubing
is rated for petrochemical use. you will have no
problems using it for svo, or biodiesel fuel and
processing. It is also rated for pressure and
temperature,usually around 200 degress F.and 100
p.s.i. I use it in my business all the time. Good Luck
and keep going!! D.Streeter  
> 
> 
> 
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
> 
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
> 
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list
> address.
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> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
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[biofuel] Canada, Quebec announce BioMer biodiesel project

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

Canada, Quebec announce BioMer biodiesel project

The governments of Canada and Quebec announced BioMer--a $563,000 
(CAD) project to demonstrate biodiesel as a cleaner and viable 
alternative fuel for cruise ships.

The project will run from June to October 2004 in two tourist- 
intensive areas in Quebec: the St. Lawrence River and Lachine Canal. 
In addition to measuring emissions, the BioMer project will highlight 
the impact of biodiesel on marine engine performance and river 
ecology.

During the project, 254,000 liters of biodiesel will be required to 
fuel the BioMer fleet: 11 boats on pure biodiesel (B100) and one on a 
5% biodiesel blend (B5).

The Government of Canada will allocate a total of $323,000 to the 
project. At the provincial level, the Quebec Environment and 
Transport departments support the project with a total of $25,000.

http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/July2004/28/c6642.html

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[biofuel] UK "Future of Transport" White Paper

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

The UK Office of National Statistics released 2002 greenhouse gas 
(GHG) emission figures, concluding that the total UK GHG emissions 
declined by 10% from 1990 to 2002. GHG emissions from transport 
industries, however, increased by 47% over the same period.

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/green0704.pdf

--

UK Department for Transport (DfT): "Future of Transport" white paper 
outlines long-term strategy for a modern and sustainable transport 
system.

http://www.dft.gov.uk/strategy/futureoftransport/

The Future of Transport

A long term strategy for a modern, efficient and sustainable 
transport system backed up by sustained high levels of investment 
over the next 15 years was unveiled on the 20th July 2004 by 
Transport Secretary, Alistair Darling.

The Future of Transport White Paper looks at the factors that will 
shape travel and transport over the next thirty years and sets out 
how the Government will respond to the increasing demand for travel, 
maximising the benefits of transport while minimising the negative 
impact on people and the environment.

The Future of Transport White Paper contents

* Front Cover
* Foreword by the Prime Minister
* Preface by the Secretary of State
* Executive Summary
* Chapter 1 - The Challenge: demand for travel and historic under-investment
* Chapter 2 - What we have achieved
* Chapter 3 - Roads: smarter travel
* Chapter 4 - Rail: transforming our railways
* Chapter 5 - Buses: better services, easier access
* Chapter 6 - Walking and cycling: a positive choice
* Chapter 7 - Aviation and shipping: delivering sustainable growth
* Chapter 8 - Freight: moving goods more efficiently
* Chapter 9 - Making choices locally and regionally
* Chapter 10 - Protecting the environment
* Chapter 11 - Safety and security: protecting people and networks
* Annex A - Spending Review 2004
* Annex B - Department for Transport Public Service Agreements
* Annex C - Glossary
* Acknowledgements

* The Future of Transport - Full document in PDF format (1.4Mb)

* Road pricing feasability study
* Liquid Biofuels and Renewable Hydrogen to 2050

Scope of this White Paper

This White Paper extends to Wales and Scotland in so far as it covers 
our UK policy responsibilities for regulation of aviation and 
shipping, some aspects of road traffic regulation such as vehicle 
licensing, rail services in Wales and cross- border rail services in 
Scotland. It also covers marine, air and rail safety.

It does not cover roads in Wales and Scotland, transport funding 
programmes administered by the devolved administrations, or transport 
services which operate solely within Wales or Scotland.

Its proposals do not extend to Northern Ireland.



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[biofuel] Sasol to build coal-to-liquid plants In China

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

Sasol to build coal-to-liquid plants In China

According to press reports, Africa's Sasol plans to build two 
coal-to- liquid plants in China at an estimated cost of US$6 billion. 
Sasol signed a statement of intent with a group of Chinese companies 
and initiated the first phase of a feasibility study for the project.

The plants would produce diesel fuel and naptha from coal using 
Sasol's low temperature Fischer-Tropsch technology. The project is 
supported by the Chinese government, who wants to reduce the growing 
China's dependence on imported crude oil.


http://allafrica.com/stories/200407020082.html

Sasol Clears the Air On 'Secundas in China', Saying Only Two Are Planned

Business Day (Johannesburg)

July 2, 2004
Posted to the web July 2, 2004

Carli Lourens , Trade And Industry Editor
Johannesburg

PETROCHEMICALS group Sasol confirmed for the first time yesterday 
that it was considering plans to build two coal-to-liquid plants in 
China, following conflicting media reports.

In a move to clarify its intentions, Sasol said there were no plans 
to build four or five "Secundas" in that country as had been stated 
in one newspaper report .

"We are investigating the investment merits of two projects," said 
Sasol MD Trevor Munday.

He said these projects would be in the Ning Xia and Shaan Xi provinces.

Successfully operating coalto-liquid plants in China would expand the 
South African group's geographical spread and revenue base, he said. 
Importantly, it would also add to the credibility of the technology.

Munday said the group was entering the first phase of a feasibility 
study, and was completing a memorandum of understanding with the 
Chinese .

Sasol also signed a statement of intent to this end with a group of 
Chinese companies during Chinese Vice-President Zeng Qinghong's visit 
to SA earlier this week.

Munday said each of the projects would produce 8 barrels of oil a 
day. The combined production from the two plants would equate to 
output of the group's Secunda plant in SA.

"We envisage using our lowtemperature Fischer-Tropsch technology to 
produce diesel fuel and naptha," he said.

Naphtha is used by refiners to produce gasoline.

Sasol is the most experienced user worldwide of FischerTropsch 
technology on a commercial scale. The prefeasibility study into the 
Chinese projects would take up to a year to complete, said Munday.

"By that time, some important decisions will be taken by Sasol, and 
by the Chinese government, in terms of the quantum of support they 
will provide," he said.

He did not elaborate, but concerns over intellectual property 
infringement are widely believed to be among the main concerns of 
Sasol.

Analysts have identified this as the major risk to the South African 
group, which was built on its proprietary technology. "We have always 
tended to regard Sasol as the largest repository of intellectual 
capital of any South African resource stock," says Warwick Lucas, an 
oil and gas sector analyst at Imara SP Reid.

Lucas also says the returns for Sasol on leasing expertise would be 
much higher than capital investment in plants.

The combined value of the two projects has been put at about $6bn by 
the Chinese ambassador to SA, Liu Guijin.

Liu said , however, that funding would present no obstacle 
particularly because energy happened to be "such a strategic area" 
for China, whose economy was expanding rapidly.

Sasol CE Pieter Cox said earlier he would conduct a "progress 
follow-up visit to China" in a month's time after the statement of 
intent with the Chinese group of companies was signed.

China is also exploring alternative plans with other groups at the 
moment, as part of the country's efforts to become more 
selfsufficient in energy supplies.

The country had an abundance of coal of a sufficient quality to use 
in Sasol's processes.

While the Chinese plants will be coal-to-liquids plants, Sasol's 
focus has been to expand its business in gas-to-liquids technology, 
which is both cleaner and less costly. Sasol has made significant 
strides in this area.

The group has made a series of announcements about its longer-term 
intention to commercialise its unique gas-to-liquids technology 
through the construction of several plants in gasrich nations in the 
course of the past few years.

Its first international gas-toliquids plant is in Qatar and is under 
development.

A memorandum of understanding was signed this year to expand the 
facility's production from 34000 barrels a day to 10 barrels a 
day.

The project is a joint venture with Qatar Petroleum.

Sasol is also developing a 34000-barrel-a-day gas-to-liquids plant in 
Nigeria in a joint venture with Chevron Texaco.

Sasol closed 0,94% higher yesterday, at R97 a share.


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[biofuel] US EPA issues PM2.5 nonattainment designations

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

US EPA issues PM2.5 nonattainment designations

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued letters informing 
states about their status of compliance with the new ambient air 
quality standards for PM2.5, or fine particulate matter below 2.5 
microns. The EPA recommended that 244 counties (this number including 
11 partial counties) in 21 states + DC be designated as PM2.5 
nonattainment (i.e., out of compliance) areas. Most of the 
nonattainment areas are in the eastern states and in California.

The EPA recommendation will trigger opposition, including law suits, 
from states, which have identified a total of only 142 (including 9 
partial) counties as PM2.5 nonattainment areas. EPA will issue final 
designations of counties attainment or nonattainment of the PM2.5 
standard in November 2004.

Under the US Clean Air Act, states with nonattainment areas will have 
to prepare State Implementation Plans (SIP) outlining what actions 
will be taken to reduce pollution. This will likely trigger a number 
of new diesel retrofit/replacement programs in the affected areas, as 
diesels are one of the contributors to the ambient PM2.5 levels.

EPA issued the fine particle standards in 1997, but implementation 
was delayed due to litigation. The annual PM2.5 standard is 15 
microgram/m3, based on the 3-year average of annual mean PM2.5 
concentrations. The 24-hour standard is 65 microgram/m3, determined 
by the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile concentrations.

The existing standards for particulates below 10 microns (PM10) have 
been enforced for many years. However, there are only 59 PM10 
nonattainment areas (8 severe and 51 moderate), almost all of which-- 
quite opposite to the PM2.5 map--are located in the western states. 
In some areas, most of the PM10 pollution is due to natural sources, 
including wildland fires and dust carried by high winds.

Press release:
http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004d 
c686/96d71bf6bdb6b57985256ec20075b6de?OpenDocument
PM2.5 designations page:
http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/
PM2.5 nonattainment map:
http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/documents/120/statusMap.htm


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[biofuel] Germany calling for Euro 5 proposal, diesel filters

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

Germany calling for Euro 5 proposal, diesel filters

Following an initiative by the German Minister for Environment 
Juergen Trittin, the EU Environmental Council requested in its June 
28th session that the European Commission develops a proposal for new 
emission standards for particulates for diesel passenger cars by this 
fall.

Trittin spoke, as he did on many occasions in the past, in support of 
diesel particulate filter technology: "This is a clear signal to act 
fast European-wide to resolve the fine particle problem. Using the 
particulate filter, 99% of the particulate emissions can be filtered 
out. This technique is ready to go into production, and has been 
already applied more than 500,000 times. This state of technology 
must be the basis for new regulatory limits."

Future Euro 5 emission standards for light duty vehicles have been 
negotiated among stakeholders for several years, but no formal 
proposal has been yet produced. Regulatory agencies in Germany and 
several other European countries intend to legislate particulate 
filter-forcing standards by adopting stringent PM mass limits 
and--for the first time ever--a particulate number emission limit.

At the time of their adoption, the Euro 4 (2005) emission standards 
were believed to require particulate filters on diesel passenger 
cars. Progress in the diesel engine technology, however, made it 
possible to meet the Euro 4 PM limit (0.025 g/km) in almost all 
diesel cars using advanced in-cylinder techniques and the diesel 
oxidation catalyst (DOC), without the need for a PM filter.

The Euro 5 PM limit to be proposed is still under negotiation, with 
various stakeholders supporting figures anywhere between 0.012 and 
0.0025 g/km, or about 50% to 90% reduction, respectively, from the 
Euro 4 level. German government supports the latter limit of 0.0025 
g/km = 2.5 mg/km. Euro 5 standards are expected to become effective 
around 2010.

The Euro 5 proposal will be likely accompanied by a proposal to 
strengthen the Euro V (2008) emission standards for heavy-duty 
engines. Similarly to the light-duty vehicle regulation, the Euro IV 
and Euro V standards were originally designed to force particulate 
filters on heavy-duty engines, but can be met today using a 
combination of engine and catalyst (DOC or urea-SCR) technologies.

At home, the German chancellor Gerhard Schroeder met with Bernd 
Gottschalk, the president of German automotive association VDA, to 
discuss future diesel car emissions issues. The VDA indicated during 
the talks that German car manufacturers intend to continue and expand 
the voluntary installation of particulate filters on diesel cars, 
which started in Germany last year. It can be expected that all new 
German-made cars newly registered in Germany will have a particulate 
filter by 2008/2009. This trend reflects the expectations and market 
pressures from German customers, who would like to see the 
particulate filter as an integrated part of the diesel car. It also 
marks a change in thinking from the early 2000's, when German car 
manufacturers generally opposed the idea of voluntary installation of 
particulate filters--a position that sparked pro-filter campaigns and 
initiatives by both German environmental organizations and clean air 
regulatory authorities.

Chancellor Schroeder also confirmed that--once the Euro 5 regulation 
is final--the government will support the introduction of particulate 
filters by establishing a tax incentive for meeting Euro 5 limits 
ahead of regulatory deadlines. It is expected that the tax break will 
be on the order of €600. Tax incentives currently exist in Germany 
and some other EU countries for early introduction of Euro 4 cars.

The Schroeder-Gottschalk talks also resulted in a certain confusion, 
further propagated by not entirely accurate press reports. After the 
meeting, the VDA issued a statement emphasizing that the German car 
industry had not agreed on the Euro 5 PM limit proposal of 2.5 mg/km, 
as implied by the Minister for Environment.

http://www.bmu.de/de/1024/js/presse/2004/pm196/main.htm
http://www.bmu.de/de/1024/js/presse/2004/pm216/main.htm
http://www.vda.de/cgi-bin/dps/dps-query.cgi?inclfile=20040714&ini=./dp 
s-query-DE.ini



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[biofuel] Hybrid vehicle technologies

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

Hybrid vehicle technologies

DOE completes fuel economy testing of hybrid vehicles

The US DOE, through its Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), 
has completed 1 million miles of hybrid electric vehicle fleet 
testing. The testing included collecting the energy efficiency 
(miles-per-gallon fuel use), as well as vehicle maintenance, 
repairs, and other data.

The DOE fleet tests yielded mileage figures about 20% lower than the 
official EPA fuel economy ratings. The particulars on the DOE tests 
(including number of cars and the total mileage drive) along with 
the EPA fuel economy ratings are shown below:

- Honda Civic (4 cars; 284,000 miles): 38.0 mpg [EPA: 40 mpg]
- Honda Insight (6 cars; 347,000 miles): 46.0 mpg [EPA: 56 mpg]
- Toyota Prius (6 MY 2002-2003; 380,000 miles): 41.1 mpg
- Toyota Prius (2 MY 2004; 16,000 miles): 44.6 mpg [EPA: 55 mpg]

One of the possible reasons for the differences between EPA ratings 
and DOE results were higher speeds and temperatures (tested in 
Arizona) in the DOE testing.

DOE testing:
http://newsdesk.inel.gov/press_releases/2004/06-23hybrid_vehicle.htm
http://avt.inel.gov/hev.html
EPA fuel economy ratings:
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_sbs.shtml

---

Honda launching hybrid-electric Accord

American Honda released the first images of its 2005 Accord V6 
Hybrid, a gasoline-electric hybrid version of Honda's best-selling 
car, scheduled to go on sale in the USA this fall. Utilizing a "next- 
generation hybrid powertrain", the Accord V6 Hybrid will deliver 
power and performance above the current 240 hp Accord V6 with the 
fuel economy of a compact-class, 4-cylinder Civic sedan, said Honda.

Honda introduced the Insight, America's first hybrid vehicle, in 
December 1999. The Civic Hybrid followed in March 2002.

http://world.honda.com/news/2004/4040629.html





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[biofuel] WRI, ADB in partnership for sustainable transport in Asia

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

WRI, ADB in partnership for sustainable transport in Asia

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Resources Institute 
(WRI--a Washington, DC-based environmental policy group) have jointly 
formed a program aimed at enhancing the environmental sustainability 
of transport and mobility in Asia, called the Partnership for 
Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia (PSUTA).

WRI will review existing experience on sustainable transport in Asia, 
and develop medium-term sustainable transport plans for selected 
cities--the first two being Hanoi, Vietnam and Xian, China.

--

http://newsroom.wri.org/newsrelease_text.cfm?NewsReleaseID=293

NEWS RELEASE: WRI, ADB Announce New Partnership for Sustainable Urban 
Transport in Asia

MANILA, PHILIPPINES and WASHINGTON DC, USA , June 30, 2004 -- The 
Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Resources Institute (WRI) 
today announced their cooperation on a comprehensive program aimed at 
enhancing the environmental sustainability of transport and mobility 
throughout Asia.

The Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia (PSUTA), 
outlined in a Letter of Agreement between ADB and WRI, calls upon 
EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Transport and the Environment to review 
existing experiences and capacities on sustainable transport in Asia, 
draw up a set of key indicators for three cities in Asia, and develop 
a strategic framework that can be used to develop medium-term 
sustainable transport strategies.
http://www.embarq.wri.org

Funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency 
(SIDA), PSUTA is an important part of the Business Plan of the whole 
program of the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities for 2004
http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia

"ADB feels that the emphasis placed by EMBARQ on the development of 
quantitative indicators for sustainable transport is most appropriate 
for the situation in Asian cities," said Charles Melhuish, ADB's lead 
transport sector specialist. "So far very few cities in Asia have 
been able to formulate policies that are based on a true reflection 
of the economic costs of air pollution and congestion."

Under the auspices of the partnership, EMBARQ will conduct case 
studies in three representative cities across Asia -- the first two 
being Hanoi, Vietnam and Xian, China. Discussions are going on for 
the third city. 

The first stage of the project involves the development of key 
indicators of sustainable urban transport throughout Asia. These 
indicators will be the foundation of the case studies, which will 
emphasize a quantitative analysis of factors affecting access to 
transportation, traffic safety, and air quality.

The case studies will consist of a critical review of baseline data 
as well as recommendations on the institutional arrangements and 
organizational and technological capacity necessary for sustainable 
urban transport planning in each city.

In the final stage, the partnership will put forward a strategic 
framework, to help cities throughout the region to develop an 
integrated sustainable transport plan for their particular transport 
situation.

"Addressing sustainable transport in the rapidly emerging economies 
of Asia today simply makes sense if cities hope to avoid the air 
pollution, traffic congestion and sprawl that have plagued 
industrialized countries over the past century," said Dr. Lee 
Schipper, EMBARQ's research director. "This project presents 
forward-thinking city governments with the opportunity to get it 
right as they develop what will soon be the largest transport markets 
on the planet."

Established in 2002, with the support of the Shell Foundation, 
EMBARQ, The World Resources Institute Center for Transport and the 
Environment acts as a catalyst for socially, financially, and 
environmentally sound solutions to the problems of urban transport. 
EMBARQ is currently engaged in sustainable transport planning 
projects in Mexico City, Mexico and Shanghai, China - two of the 
world's largest cities with populations of 18 and 15 million, 
respectively.

For more information, contact:

Adlai Amor, WRI, Washington, DC, (202) 729-7736, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
In Manila, contact: Graham Dwyer, ADB External Relations Specialist, 
+632-632-5253, [EMAIL PROTECTED]

The Asian Development Bank (http://www.adb.org) is dedicated to 
reducing poverty in the Asia and Pacific region through pro-poor 
sustainable economic growth, social development, and good governance.

 


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[biofuel] Low sulfur fuel standards in Australia

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

Low sulfur fuel standards in Australia

Australia has adopted two new low sulfur fuel standards, for diesel 
and for gasoline. Sulfur in diesel (currently 500 ppm) will be cut to 
50 ppm on 1 January 2006 and to 10 ppm from 1 January 2009.

Sulfur in premium unleaded gasoline will be limited to 50 ppm from 1 
January 2008 (previous regulations introduced a sulfur cap in 
unleaded gasoline of 150 ppm from 1 January 2005, down from the 
current 500 ppm mandated since 1 January 2002).

The new standards have been recommended by the Fuel Standards 
Consultative Committee, which comprises representatives of consumers, 
industry, environment and state governments.

http://www.deh.gov.au/minister/env/2004/mr22jul04.html

Media Release
Minister for the Environment and Heritage
Senator the Hon. Ian Campbell

22 July 2004

C6/04

Cleaner fuels: cleaner air and a healthier Australia

The Minister for the Environment and Heritage, Senator Ian Campbell, 
today announced two new tough fuel standards that will make 
Australian transport fuels among the cleanest in the world.

Sulfur in premium unleaded petrol will be limited to 50ppm from 
1 January 2008, down from 150ppm now. Sulfur in diesel currently 
500ppm, will be cut to 50ppm on 1 January 2006 and capped at 10ppm 
from 1 January 2009.

"These reductions are among the final steps of the Government's 
strategy to dramatically reduce urban air pollution," Senator 
Campbell said.

"Lower sulfur will mean much better air quality in Australia's cities 
and towns and help the two million asthmatics and countless other 
Australians who suffer from breathing problems.

"By 2020, cleaner fuel initiatives taken by this Government will have 
saved $3.4 billion in hospital and medical costs.

"These reductions will have an immediate impact on particle emissions 
from the existing vehicle fleet and, just as importantly, will hasten 
the introduction of the next generation of cleaner vehicle engines 
and emission controls.

"Pollution from particulate matter will be immediately reduced by 
five per cent nationally with the introduction of 10ppm diesel. 
Reductions will increase as new vehicle technologies come on stream, 
designed to run on this virtually sulfur free diesel.

"Access to the latest technology will assist Australia's vehicle 
manufacturers to remain internationally competitive and open the 
Australian market to the newest vehicles from overseas.

"This decision builds on the Howard Government's achievements in 
mandating cleaner fuels, which include the establishment of the first 
national fuel standards under the Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 and 
the banning of leaded petrol from January 2002.

"By announcing the new standards with a long lead-time, the 
Government is providing certainty to the Australian petroleum 
refining and motor vehicle industries in their future investment 
strategies.

"In May last year, the Government announced incentives to help 
refiners and importers offset the increased cost of producing cleaner 
fuels and making lower sulfur fuel available more quickly. The 
incentives will be provided for a two-year period prior to 
commencement of the fuel standards."

The standards have been recommended by the Fuel Standards 
Consultative Committee, which comprises representatives of consumers, 
industry, environment and state governments.

Note: As previously announced, regular unleaded petrol will contain 
maximum 150ppm sulfur from 1 January 2005, down from the current 
500ppm maximum mandated since 1 January 2002.

Estimated reduction in emissions of major pollutants under National 
Fuel Quality Standards, 2000 - 2010 - 2020
[graphic]

Note: The Department of the Environment and Heritage calculates that 
the reductions between 2002 and 2020 will result in 360,000 tonnes of 
sulfur being taken from the atmosphere. This would fill 160 Olympic 
size swimming pools.


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[biofuel] US EPA to develop emission standards for stationary engines

[Keith Addison]

DieselNet UPDATE
July 2004
http://www.dieselnet.com/

US EPA to develop emission standards for stationary engines

Under a proposed court settlement, the US EPA has agreed to establish 
national emission standards for new diesel and gas industrial 
engianes used in stationary applications, such as on-site electric 
generation, oil and gas development, and agricultural pumps and 
equipment.

The settlement requires EPA to propose emission standards for 
stationary diesel engines by 29 June 2005, and finalize the standards 
by 28 June 2006. Clean air standards for stationary gas engines are 
to be proposed by 23 May 2006, and finalized by 20 December 2007.

The proposed settlement resolves a lawsuit filed by Environmental 
Defense, a New York-based environmental organization, in federal 
district court (Northern District of California) on 8 December 2003. 
The settlement is subject to a 30-day public comment period before it 
can be finalized.

There are about half a million diesel and gas stationary engines in 
use in the USA, and thousands more manufactured each year, according 
to Environmental Defense. EPA's standards would apply to newly 
manufactured engines nationwide. Emissions from stationary engines 
have not been regulated by federal emission standards (rather, they 
are subject to a complex patchwork of state and/or local regulations 
and permit policies).

http://www.environmentaldefense.org/pressrelease.cfm?ContentID=3861



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Re: [biofuel] Biofuels and sustainability

[Neoteric Biofuels Inc]

Keith:

In reply to your point on sustainability of agriculture for plant oils 
to be used as fuels,  a few thoughts...

- organic rapeseed production (folkecenter in Denmark has some good 
info online on this)
-co-cropping (there was a good study done where peas and Camelina 
Sativa were co-cropped, with good results)
-use of inedibles, drought resistant, native species (as in Honge in 
India, mustard, etc.)
- use of nut trees and other perennials instead of annuals

These tactics would all help, I think, versus our dependence on just a 
few crops, and crops that need a lot of fossil inputs to get any kind 
of yield.



Edward Beggs
http://www.biofuels.ca
On Jul 31, 2004, at 12:21 AM, Keith Addison wrote:

> Hello all
>
> We've had some interesting posts of news items on new technologies
> for converting biomass to fuel. They often mention "waste" biomass,
> and claim to be "sustainable", and I've pointed out that it's not
> "waste" and the technology is only sustainable if it's not at the
> expense of the soil fertility which produces the biomass in the first
> place, and which cannot be maintained unless crop wastes are recycled
> to the soil. There are however excellent ways of doing that which can
> make a little go a very long way, leaving plenty to spare for other
> purposes such as fuel and energy production. But, first things first.
> And a lot of people interested in renewable energy just don't see
> that.
>
> One such topic was this: "Research shows swine manure can become crude 
> oil"
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/33476/
>
> Later, someone else said:  "The comments on non-sustainability
> appears to be someone else's opinion of why it can't work, without
> much scientific reasons why not."
>
> My reply:
>
>> My comments (see below). It doesn't imply that the technology itself
>> "can't work", it rejects the idea that it's a "sustainable"
>> technology for producing fuel. What that immediately transfers to is
>> whether or not concentrated pig confinement operations are
>> sustainable. Such operations are not and cannot be sustainable, the
>> evidence against their sustainability is rather vast. If you want to
>> argue with that, the onus would be on you to provide scientific
>> evidence that such operations are sustainable.
>
> In the last few weeks I've said all this several times. Here, for 
> instance:
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37060/
> Anything into oil!
>
> We have to be aware of the context. Biodiesel, any biodiesel?
> Ethanol, any ethanol? Even if ADM makes it? I don't think so. But
> it's clean, renewable and cuts greenhouse gas emissions, whoever
> makes it? Maybe, maybe not. If it comes from WVO, at least you're
> using a "waste" resource that otherwise has about a 90% chance of
> ending up in a landfill or a sewer. Which is also worth thinking
> about - wars over oil, people getting killed over it, and all this
> stuff gets wasted? Nobody even knows what happens to most of it, or
> even how much there is. A bit strange, no?
>
> If it's not from WVO then there's a good chance that producing the
> oilcrop has already increased greenhouse gas emissions, and that it's
> not renewable or sustainable at all. This is about farming, but it
> absolutely applies to biofuels production: "... inasmuch as
> conventional [ie industrialised] agriculture is the main emitter of
> all leading greenhouse gases, the transition to a more productive and
> sustainable agriculture that is safe for the environment (and good
> for the economy) is a logical imperative."
>
> More about that in the following post. Note too that all forms of
> industrialised agriculture are heavily dependent on fossil-fuel
> inputs - the very resource that biofuels are supposed to be
> replacing. How much sense does that make? Some, to your bottom line,
> if you happen to be ADM or their ilk, otherwise none at all.
>
> Meanwhile here's some more information on the alleged sustainability
> of concentrated livestock production with its associated manure
> lagoons and so on.
>
> Best
>
> Keith
>
> 
>
> http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/cesspools/cessinx.asp
> NRDC: Cesspools of Shame: How Factory Farm Lagoons and Sprayfields
> Threaten Environmental and Public Health
> Cesspools of Shame
> How Factory Farm Lagoons and Sprayfields Threaten Environmental and
> Public Health
> This July 2001 report from NRDC and the Clean Water Network documents
> how animal waste from factory farms threatens human health and our
> nation's rivers. Most factory farms store animal waste in open
> lagoons as large as several football fields. Lagoons routinely burst,
> sending millions of gallons of manure into waterways and spreading
> microbes that can cause gastroenteritis, fevers, kidney failure, and
> death. This report lists the track records of the largest polluters
> and recommends existing technology that is safer and more sustainable.
>
> OVERVIEW & QUICK REFERENCE
> Press Release
> http://www.nrdc.org/med

[biofuel] Re: Post No.1

[khurramloan]

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Manoj Agarwal" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Dear Khurram,
> As I know Pakistan is cultivating Rapeseed in large quantities. You 
can use this oil effectively. Alternatively any oil not having 
mineral oil can also be converted in B.Diesel effectively. Waste 
grease, Burnt Mob.Oil from service stations will be a good idea as 
well!
> Regards
> magarwal
> 
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Manoj,

I sincerely appreciate your post.  Thanks.
Khurram




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Re: [biofuel] Diesel car for WVO project

[Neoteric Biofuels Inc]

  Up to 85, Mercedes 300TD, 7 seater wagon?

Edward Beggs
http://www.biofuels.ca


On Jul 31, 2004, at 7:47 AM, Paul Niznik wrote:

> Folks:
>
> Looking for suggestions on choosing a diesel vehicle for a two-tank 
> straight
> WVO project. I don't particularly want a small car, I have a family, 
> and I'm
> tall. I've been considing a Suburban, if I can find an old deisel 
> version in
> good shape.
>
> Any tech tips and especially motor type suggestions would be helpful.
>
> Thanks in advance.
>
> Paul N
> Berlin, CT
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
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>
>
>
>
>




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Re: [biofuel] PEX tubing

[Saul Juliao]

Hi Joseph,

I am also in the process of converting my Dodge pickup to SVO/WVO...
Mine is a 1997 model 2500.  I'm not sure if you are aware of this but
from what I've read you will have problems with the lift pump on 1998
1/2 and newer models.

Saul A. Juliao



"R. Joseph Murphy" wrote:

>  [Edited to change subject heading from "Re: [biofuel] Digest Number
> 2268". PLEASE change the title when you auto-reply to a message in the
> Daily Digest. Nobody will read a message titled "Re: Digest Number
> 2268", it confuses the threads and fouls up archives searches forever.
> Thankyou. List owner]
>
> Hello listmembers,
>
> Been following the list for some time now and have enjoyed reading all
> your
> comments.
> A friend and I are now at the stage of begining to assemble a
> biodiesel
> reactor and I will be converting my dodge pickup to SVO (biodiesel use
> in
> winter is what I'm thinking) or straight veg oil when I can't get
> around to
> doing the process.
>
> My question. Can PEX tubing (heating application- crosslinked
> polyetheline
> tubing) be used as a fuel line or would it be adversly affected by the
>
> alcohol in a poorly washed batch or two of biodiesel?
>
>
> thanks
> joseph
>
>
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
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> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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RE: [biofuel] PEX tubing

[Arlos]

As the literature says for PEX tubing, it's for potable water only.
Check a reactivity chart for listed materials and uses.
 
Arlos
 
-Original Message-
From: R. Joseph Murphy [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
Sent: Saturday, July 31, 2004 6:41 AM
To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [biofuel] PEX tubing
 
[Edited to change subject heading from "Re: [biofuel] Digest Number
2268". PLEASE change the title when you auto-reply to a message in the
Daily Digest. Nobody will read a message titled "Re: Digest Number
2268", it confuses the threads and fouls up archives searches forever.
Thankyou. List owner]

Hello listmembers,

Been following the list for some time now and have enjoyed reading all
your
comments.
A friend and I are now at the stage of begining to assemble a biodiesel
reactor and I will be converting my dodge pickup to SVO (biodiesel use
in
winter is what I'm thinking) or straight veg oil when I can't get around
to
doing the process.

My question. Can PEX tubing (heating application- crosslinked
polyetheline
tubing) be used as a fuel line or would it be adversly affected by the
alcohol in a poorly washed batch or two of biodiesel?


thanks
joseph




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Re: [biofuel] PEX tubing

[ardis streeter]

--- "R. Joseph Murphy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> [Edited to change subject heading from "Re:
> [biofuel] Digest Number 2268". PLEASE change the
> title when you auto-reply to a message in the Daily
> Digest. Nobody will read a message titled "Re:
> Digest Number 2268", it confuses the threads and
> fouls up archives searches forever. Thankyou. List
> owner]
> 
> Hello listmembers,
> 
> Been following the list for some time now and have
> enjoyed reading all your
> comments.
> A friend and I are now at the stage of begining to
> assemble a biodiesel
> reactor and I will be converting my dodge pickup to
> SVO (biodiesel use in
> winter is what I'm thinking) or straight veg oil
> when I can't get around to
> doing the process.
> 
> My question. Can PEX tubing (heating application-
> crosslinked polyetheline
> tubing) be used as a fuel line or would it be
> adversly affected by the
> alcohol in a poorly washed batch or two of
> biodiesel?
> 
> 
> thanks
> joseph
> Hi Joseph, Cross linked pex tubing should be fine to
use for biodiesel fuel purposes. It is used in
industrial chemical process all of the time. Acording
to the specifications for pex tubing it will work
great. Good luck||
> 
> 




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[biofuel] a biodiesel/SVO class in Oregon August 7-8

[girl mark]

OREGON BIODIESEL WORKSHOP, LLC, Portland, OR
Loren Fennell, Biodiesel Producer, Fabricator, Co-founder
David McMahon, Cloudburst Recycling, Inc., Workshop Co-founder
Jim Mittelstedt, Diesel Mechanic Consultant

Presents:

STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL (SVO) VEHICLE CONVERSION,
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION WORKSHOP

Learn About:

Converting a diesel vehicle to a Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) system/Mark 
Lakeman's truck
How Biodiesel is made from Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO)
Biodiesel processor design & safety
More About Alternatives for an Environmentally Sustainable Future!!


WHEN:   Saturday & Sunday, August 7th & 8th

TIME:   10am - 5pm, Sat.--11am - 3pm, Sun.
Potluck & Social Following!

WHERE:  2223 N. Randolph, Portland, OR (directions available at registration)

COST:   $25 - $50;  (Sliding Scale & Ability to Support Alternative Fuels 
Energy Research)

REGISTER TODAY!   Contact Loren Fennell at:  503-493-0087 or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED];  Tell Your Friends too!

Businesses supporting biodiesel production:  Kettle Foods, OTA Tofu, 
Produce Row CafŽ, The Goodfoot CafŽ, Laurelwood Public House & Brewery, 
Blanchet House of Hospitality, Gravy CafŽ, Mint CafŽ, Burgerville, 
McMenamins, Bon-Appetit, Inc., Rose and Raindrop Restaurant



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[biofuel] Why we need more oil and why ecology laws should be disregarded

[jkolling]

Apparently 60% of all living species on earth are currently under threat
of extinction.

(Seen today, as claimed by researchers, journalists and reporters
of the documentary-makers of one of the most respected worldnews
programs called 'nova' in the netherlands
with the title: "the frozen ark of noah")



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[biofuel] Re: pneumatic exhaust silencers / final filtering of biodiesel

[bioveging]

G'day Greg;
http://www.mscdirect.com/MSCCatLookup2.process?MSCProdID=60526142 
has the pneumatics you are looking for. They are in the US, so if 
that is where you are you can easily order them.
As far as filtering goes, and I could need a little guidance here 
also, what I am going to do is, after the final wash, run it through 
a home heating furnace filter (it has a felt insert)as well as a 
clear in-line fuel filter effectively filtering it twice and then 
let it set for a week or to to see if anything else settles (which 
it shouldn't but...)

L.

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "gregg2560" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi All,
> 
> I was wondering where I could purchase the pneumatic exhaust 
> silencers that Ian uses. A few years ago, we used something very 
> similar to them in an early oil/grease extraction test in our 
> wastewater lab, which I was able to scrounge up. If what I have is 
> what Ian uses, then he's right, they don't dissolve in BD, hexane, 
or 
> acetone.
> 
> Also, my latest batch of biodiesel is nearly finished & I was 
> wondering what type of final filter I need to use, ie 20 micron, 
10, 
> etc.I searched the archives & didn't find anything, but perhaps I 
did 
> not look in the right spot.
> 
> As always,any help,suggestions, or advice is greatly appreciated.
> 
> Sincerely 
> 
> Gregg Davidson




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