Re: [Biofuel] Please explain (I blew it)
Bobby, You wrote The top is now clear methanol I'm confused. If the top layer was methanol, it would be dissolved in the presumed methyl esters and there would not be a top layer. You wrote: the middle and largest layer is a clear, bright amber color (I assume this is methyl esters) Ther is a simple way to find out. Remove 10ml and attempt to dissolve it in 90ml of methanol. I would expect the cloudy white layer on bottom to be water, but you say it is a small layer. It should be roughly equal the amount of water you added for the wash. I'm going to try to re-create the mix see what happens. We've all experienced emulsions. They are a symptom of a processing problem, and as such, very helpful in developing a good process as well as a good processor. Some causes: incomplete reactions, soap formation due to water in oil, excess caustic, glycerine contamination in the wash. The way to deal with emulsions is described at JTF choose heat or mild acid (ex vinegar). Best wishes, Tom - Original Message - From: Bobby Clark [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Friday, November 10, 2006 9:34 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Please explain (I blew it) Now that the mixture has completely settled, I have 4 layers. The top is now clear methanol, the middle and largest layer is a clear, bright amber color (I assume this is methyl esters) the bottom two layers all small layers, one appears to be emulsion (yellow, gummy looking) and the very bottom appears to be a cloudy white phase. Again, can someone tell me what is going on? Bobby From: Bobby Clark [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: [Biofuel] Please explain (I blew it) Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2006 10:58:24 -0500 So this is my first batch of biodiesel that went bad because of an incomplete reaction. So, just for grins I took some of the emulsion and mixed it with about 25% methanol in a jar. Within seconds the emulsion sank to the bottom, and now I have three layers: a slightly cloudy, clear phase on the top (I assume the methanol), a clear amber phase in the middle (I assume methyl esters) and a small layer of mayonnaise on the bottom (I assume part of the emulsion). Can anyone explain what is going on here? Can I take the middle layer and just process it a little further (with some methoxide)? If I have what I think, this may be a good way to salvage emulsified batches. Bobby _ Use your PC to make calls at very low rates https://voiceoam.pcs.v2s.live.com/partnerredirect.aspx ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ _ Stay in touch with old friends and meet new ones with Windows Live Spaces http://clk.atdmt.com/MSN/go/msnnkwsp007001msn/direct/01/?href=http://spaces.live.com/spacesapi.aspx?wx_action=createwx_url=/friends.aspxmkt=en-us ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] How Bush Built North Korea's Bomb
http://eatthestate.org/11-05/HowBushBuilt.htm (November 9, 2006) How Bush Built North Korea's Bomb by Janice Van Cleve North Korea conducted an underground nuclear test on October 16, 2006. Iran is almost certainly plunging headlong with its own nuclear enrichment program. These two members of Bush's axis of evil have been developing nuclear capabilities since the 1980s, yet Bush wasted all of America's military force and international credibility attacking the weak third member of the axis, Iraq. Iraq had no nuclear program, no weapons of mass destruction, no control over its own airspace, was under sanctions, was under international inspections, and was for all practical purposes successfully contained. When President Clinton came into office in 1993, ten nations possessed nuclear weapons: the United States, Russia, England, France, China, Israel, South Africa, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. When he left office in 2001, only eight nations had nuclear weapons. Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan returned their old Soviet era nukes to Russia, and South Africa voluntarily dismantled theirs. The United States had 12,000 nuclear warheads in 1992 to Russia's 25,000. By the end of Clinton's terms, those numbers had been reduced to 11,000 and 10,000 respectively. The United States has not developed or tested any nuclear weapon since 1992. The world was a safer place then, and international security was relatively stable. To be sure, two new nations joined the nuclear club at the end of Clinton's Presidency: India exploded a small device in 1974 but its first major test was in 1998, followed in rapid succession by Pakistan two weeks later. The Republican-controlled Congress paid no attention; they were intent only on persecuting Clinton and pandering to their own right wing fundamentalists. Bush subsequently lifted Clinton's sanctions against both countries and rewarded them with agreements and alliances. Now the two mutually hostile nations are estimated to have 205 nuclear bombs between them, and the renegade Pakistani scientist, Abdul Khan, shared his expertise with Iran, North Korea, and Libya. What message did this send to North Korea? Build the bomb first, then talk. North Korea began its nuclear program in 1989, when the Soviet Union collapsed. In 1993 Pyongyang threatened to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty it had signed in 1985. Clinton sent Robert Gallucci to negotiate in spite of heavy Republican opposition. The Republicans claimed that this was rewarding North Korea for its bad behavior. Clinton replied that negotiation is better than brinkmanship for American security. North Korea relented. According to the terms of the Agreed Framework, the US began to supply North Korea with heavy fuel oil and two light water nuclear electrical plants. The communist regime stopped plutonium enrichment and shut down their facility at Yongbyon. In 1994, the Republicans swept into control of Congress. They refused to ratify the Agreed Framework, and dragged their feet on the American part of the deal. Famine hit North Korea and Kim Dae Jung of South Korea launched his Sunshine Policy, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Under this policy, food was supplied to the North, relatives were able to meet across the borders, and Pyongyang even opened up a free trade zone. North Korea launched a missile over the Sea of Japan in 1998, drawing sharp protests from Tokyo, but did not enrich one ounce of plutonium. The following year, Clinton sent another envoy and this time Kim Jung Il agreed to inspections and freezing of all missile tests. In 2000, Clinton even sent Secretary of State Madeleine Albright to North Korea as a sign of better recognition and easing tensions with the isolated country. Along comes George Bush in 2001. Right after his inauguration, Bush stunned Kim Dae Jung of South Korea by declaring that he would not continue talks with the North. The Bush administration ignored North Korea, the Middle East, and Iran. Miffed, Kim Jung Il threatened to restart missile testing. Bush reluctantly agreed to talks but expanded his demands. Kim Jung Il rejected the demands and launched a missile. Two months later, Al-Qaeda crashed airliners into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. September 11 did many things, one of which was to reveal serious vulnerabilities in the vaunted military and intelligence capabilities of the United States. More seriously, 9-11 gave an untrained, ill-equipped cowboy and his posse a platform for playing sheriff on a world stage. Bush lost no time in doing so. In October, he launched the war against the Taliban in Afghanistan. In January, he gave his infamous axis of evil speech, which was received by the world as a serious military threat by an angry and vengeful America. Bush escalated his rhetoric even further with the announcement that the United States would launch preemptive strikes against
[Biofuel] Drowning In Pig Shit
http://eatthestate.org/11-05/NaturePolitics.htm (November 9, 2006) Nature Politics by Jeffrey St. Clair Drowning In Pig Shit I grew up south of Indianapolis on the glacier-smoothed plains of central Indiana. My grandparents owned a small farm, whittled down over the years to about 40 acres of bottomland, in some of the most productive agricultural land in America. Like many of their neighbors they mostly grew field corn (and later soybeans), raised a few cows and bred a few horses. Even then farming for them was a hobby, an avocation, a link to a way of life that was slipping away. My grandfather, who was born on that farm in 1906, graduated from Purdue University and became a master electrician, who helped design RCA's first color TV. My grandmother, the only child of an unwed mother, came to the US at the age of 13 from the industrial city of Sheffield, England. When she married my grandfather she'd never seen a cow; a few days after the honeymoon she was milking one. She ran the local drugstore for nearly 50 years. In their so-called spare time, they farmed. My parents' house was in a sterile and treeless subdivision about five miles away, but I largely grew up on that farm: feeding the cattle and horses, baling hay, bushhogging pastures, weeding the garden, gleaning corn from the harvested field, fishing for catfish in the creek that divided the fields and pastures from the small copse of woods, learning to identify the songs of birds, a lifelong obsession. Even so, the farm, which had been in my mother's family since 1845, was in an unalterable state of decay by the time I arrived on the scene in 1959. The great red barn, with its multiple levels, vast hayloft, and secret rooms, was in disrepair, the grain silos were empty and rusting ruins, the great beech trees that stalked the pasture hollowed out and died off, one by one, winter by winter. In the late 1960s, after a doomed battle, the local power company condemned a swath of land right through the heart of the cornfield for a high-voltage transmission corridor. A fifth of the field was lost to the giant towers and the songs of redwing blackbirds and meadowlarks were drowned out by the bristling electric hum of the power lines. After that the neighbors began selling out. The local diary went first, replaced by a retirement complex, an indoor tennis center, and a sprawling Baptist temple and school. Then came a gas station, a golf course, and a McDonalds. Then two large subdivisions of upscale houses and a manmade lake, where the water was dyed Sunday cartoon blue. When my grandfather died from pancreatic cancer (most likely inflicted by the pesticides that had been forced upon him by the ag companies) in the early 1970s), he and a hog farmer by the name of Boatenwright were the last holdouts in that patch of blacksoiled land along Buck Creek. Boatenwright's place was about a mile down the road. You couldn't miss it. He was a hog farmer and the noxious smell permeated the valley. On hot, humid days, the sweat stench of the hogs was nauseating, even at a distance. In August, I'd work in the fields with a bandana wrapped around my face to ease the stench. How strange that I've come to miss that wretched smell. That hog farm along Buck Creek was typical for its time. It was a small operation with about 25 pigs. Old man Boatenwright also ran some cows and made money fixing tractors, bush hogs, and combines. Not any more. There are more hogs than ever in Indiana, but fewer hog farmers and farms. The number of hog farms has dropped from 64,500 in 1980 to 10,500 in 2000, though the number of hogs has increased by about 5 million. It's an unsettling trend on many counts. Hog production is a factory operation these days, largely controlled by two major conglomerations: Tyson Foods and Smithfield Farms. Hogs are raised in stifling feedlots of concrete, corrugated iron, and wire, housing 15,000 to 20,000 animals in a single building. They are the concentration camps of American agriculture, the filthy abattoirs of our hidden system of meat production. Pig factories are the foulest outposts in American agriculture. A single hog excretes nearly three gallons of waste per day, or 2.5 times the average human's daily total. A 6,000-sow hog factory will generate approximately 50 tons of raw manure a day. An operation the size of Premium Standard Farms in northern Missouri, with more than two million pigs and sows in 1995, will generate five times as much sewage as the entire city of Indianapolis. But hog farms aren't required to treat the waste. Generally, the stream of fecal waste is simply sluiced into giant holding lagoons, where it can spill into creeks or leach into ground water. Increasingly, hog operations are disposing of their manure by spraying it on fields as fertilizer, with vile consequences for the environment and the general ambience of the neighborhood. Over the past
Re: [Biofuel] mercury was Imaginal Cells by Deepak Chopra
Hi Joe, You are absolutely right in suggesting that there are problems with mercury and other toxins that we are exposed to but todays society presents them as a minor problem and therefore we should not worry about them. Actully new studies suggest that there are approximately 100,000 toxic chemicals that we are exposed to that were unknown to our grand parents. It sometimes takes many years before health problems show up from these toxins. The average food cart at the super market contains 60 to 80 toxic chemicals. Terry Dyck From: Joe Street [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] mercury was Imaginal Cells by Deepak Chopra Date: Tue, 07 Nov 2006 09:31:33 -0500 Ok this is the part I don't get. You keep saying there in a massive cohort of subjects walking around with amalgams and how come we aren't seeing a problem, and I'm telling you there's a massive cohort of subjects and we are seeing problems. I can't prove it is the amalgam and you can't prove it's not. And it has nothing to do with a coverup or conspiracy by the medical association cause they don't know for sure either.( but there is the precautionary principle right?) At the time amalgams were first used they seemed like a wonderful solution. Trans fat was going to be the solution to a problem as well remember? All I'm saying is that one day when you say to yourself 'crap, I just found out that I should wear gloves when I change the engine oil on my car cause there's stuff in there that can harm me if I get it on my skin' then you wear gloves right? You don't go on getting motor oil all over your hands. But maybe if you're an unscrupulous garage owner you don't bother to tell your mechanics about the issue because then you have to do something for them and it might cut into your profits. Unfortunately I'm just as skeptical of UV cure epoxies as I am now of the amalgam I have in my head. Epoxy is the new wonderful solution but it has even less of a track record. Gold is probably fine but then I have to be careful next time I go to the third world walking around with that gold flashing in my mouth. If I go porcelain my buds will accuse me of having a glass jaw and what can I say? Ahh you can't win. Stay away from candy kiddies! Joe robert and benita rabello wrote: Joe Street wrote: Hi Robert; Yeah I got your point. My point was that people are making claims ( please for the moment don't pull a 'show me the data' just for argument's sake allow me this for a moment) they are making claims that just maybe a large upswing in the occurrance of certain diseases may be related to long term effects of low level exposure to certain toxins, mercury being one of the suspects. Sure it's complicated by rising levels of all kinds of unhealthy things in trace concentrations in our environment, the air we breathe and the water we drink, the food supply. The overall impact of environmental insults is very difficult to determine. As Keith pointed out, the SYNERGY of these chemicals may be related to a host of human ills, and our methods for identifying cause / effect relationships remains weak in many cases. But saying a negative correlation exists simply because I THINK it exists smacks of superstition. I grew up in Los Angeles during the 1960's, and I remember how TERRIBLE the air was back then. It burned my eyes and made me short of breath. It killed the trees in the Angeles National Forest and caused serious trouble for kids and elderly folk with asthma. Yet the auto makers refused to accept the correlation between car exhaust and smog. There were scientific studies and public hearings, court cases and a flurry of media attention before the state finally FORCED auto makers to address the issue. Without evidence, however, nothing would have changed. The same type of problem exists on your end of the continent with respect to pollution from factories and refineries. We have a huge backlog of investigating to do with respect to the garbage we're putting into our air, water, food and environment. But labeling a whole host of health problems on dental fillings serves no purpose but to make concerns over environmental problems sound like the rantings of Inquisitors hunting witches. Maybe that's the big picture here. Check with fisheries on the guidelines for those fish you are pulling out of the Fraser for example. So maybe the body of evidence is massive and right there in front of us. Questionmark. Check out what this SFU paper has to say about mercury levels in the Fraser watershed and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) the ones that can slip into your DNA helix and have fun with your cellular reproduction. http://www.rem.sfu.ca/FRAP/aquae.pdf Ugh! Now I'm not going to be able sleep tonight! (insert sarcastic tone) Thanks a lot, Joe . . . : - ) Adult
Re: [Biofuel] mercury was Imaginal Cells by Deepak Chopra
G'day all Hi Joe, You are absolutely right in suggesting that there are problems with mercury and other toxins that we are exposed to but todays society presents them as a minor problem and therefore we should not worry about them. Actully new studies suggest that there are approximately 100,000 toxic chemicals that we are exposed to that were unknown to our grand parents. It sometimes takes many years before health problems show up from these toxins. The average food cart at the super market contains 60 to 80 toxic chemicals. From a previous message: Moreover, processing enhances shelf life and limits microbial toxins. See the references below for some background. Processing, or the kind of processing you're talking about, might help to instil some sort of keepability in the thoroughly denatured industrialized crap some people call food (emotional? - yes! AND true!) but it'd be more accurate to call it embalming than life. More than 5,000 additives are used in food processing, the average consumer eats the equivalent of 13 aspirin-sized tablets per day of food additives. Many of them are naturally occurring substances, but such rates of consumption are in no way natural. All perfectly safe of course, they've all had the same safety tests as thalidomide did. Um, except that, as Thor said, nothing is known about their synergistic effects. For instance, some are safe when taken individually, but can pair up with other safe substances to form co-carcinogens. The following is about the environment, not the human body, but it applies: We do not and can not test for all the combinations of toxic synthetic chemicals and how they affect the environment. Example: The herbicide Dicamba is characterized as slightly toxic or practically nontoxic to fish. It has been found that this is widely variable. If Dicamba is absorbed by vermiculite (a common ingredient in potting soils) its toxicity increases by 30 times. No effects were observed on yearling coho salmon at 100 ppm. However, it has now been found that doses as small as 0.25 ppm can kill coho salmon as they migrate from seawater to fresh water for spawning. Researchers at the University of Florida and Tulane University have found that endosulfan, toxaphene, dieldrin and chlordane when tested by themselves had a weak estrogen response. However, when combine the response increased dramatically. For example when endosulfan and dieldrin were combined the estrogenic potency increased up to 1,600 times over the individual chemicals! Reported in Journal Science, National Wildlife Oct./Nov. 1996. Research with mice found that combinations of herbicides such as atrazine and aldicarb and fertilizers such as nitrate can alter thyroid hormones, suppress immune systems and affect nervous system functions, resulting in increased aggressive behavior among the young mice. This University of Wisconsin study headed by toxicologist Dr. Warren Porter was published in the mid-March issue of Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2002. A further awkwardness is that many of these chemicals were tested in the 1970s and early 80s by a US company called Industrial Biotests. Strangely, it's now quite hard to find information on Industrial Biotests. Anyway, the company was visited unexpectedly by tax inspectors suspecting tax evasion, but what they found instead was evidence of widespread falsification of test data. That wasn't their remit, so they left and called the feds. When the feds arrived it was to find the directors furiously shredding the evidence, most of which was destroyed. But not all. They were convicted, but in a very odd decision, considering the record of the chemical industry (and subsequent such cases), the court ruled that there was no reason to suspect that the chemical companies which had sent their chemicals to IBT for safety testing (virtually all of them) had any knowledge of the falsification. Why then were the tests being falsified? It was also ruled that the test results would be allowed to stand for those chemicals for which the records had been destroyed. With safety like that, who needs risks? :-( Best Keith Terry Dyck From: Joe Street [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] mercury was Imaginal Cells by Deepak Chopra Date: Tue, 07 Nov 2006 09:31:33 -0500 Ok this is the part I don't get. You keep saying there in a massive cohort of subjects walking around with amalgams and how come we aren't seeing a problem, and I'm telling you there's a massive cohort of subjects and we are seeing problems. I can't prove it is the amalgam and you can't prove it's not. And it has nothing to do with a coverup or conspiracy by the medical association cause they don't know for sure either.( but there is the precautionary principle right?) At the time amalgams were first used they seemed like a wonderful solution. Trans
