Re: [Biofuel] Methanol and wastewater treatment systems

2005-10-09 Thread Keith Addison
Hello Michael

>methanol my biodegrade but into what?

Umm, a little lower down it says: "... which are capable of 
completely degrading methanol to carbon dioxide and water."

Yon carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas because the methanol would 
almost certainly be fossil fuel-derived, but it's going to be 
released whatever you do with the methanol, including making 
biodiesel with it and burning it in your motor.

So what do you do with your wash-water? Do you recover the excess 
methanol from the biodiesel portion before washing?

Best wishes

Keith



>if it degrades into methane that is a green house gas?
>
>
>Original Message Follows
>From: Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
>To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org
>Subject: [Biofuel] Methanol and wastewater treatment systems
>Date: Mon, 10 Oct 2005 02:10:47 +0900
>
>9.1.1 Microorganisms
>
>The toxicity of methanol to each of three bacterial groups, i.e.,
>aerobic heterotrophic, Nitrosomonas and methanogens (key agents in
>the natural recycling of organic material in the environment and in
>wastewater treatment systems), was described by Blum & Speece (1991).
>The following IC50 values (mg/litre) (the concentration that
>inhibited the culture by 50%) compared to the uninhibited controls
>were reported: Nitrosomonas (after 24-h exposure), 880 mg/litre;
>methanogens (after 48-h exposure), 22 000 mg/litre; and aerobic
>heterotrophs (after 15-h exposure), 20 000 mg/litre. Methanol was
>found to be completely inhibitory to ammonia oxidation by
>Nitrosomonas bacteria at a concentration of 5 x 10-3 M (about 160
>mg/litre) (Hooper & Terry, 1973)...
>
>... An experimental EC50 value (the concentration that reduced the
>maximum observed biodegradation rate by 50%) for methanol of 2.8
>mol/litre (89.7 g/litre) was obtained in a system employing an
>enriched mixed microbial culture derived from domestic waste water in
>the USA (Vaishnav & Lopas, 1985).
>
>  9.2.1 Plants
>
>Hemming et al. (1995) determined the effect of methanol on the
>respiration of pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Lycopersicon
>esulentum) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). Whole plants were exposed
>to either methanol vapour or methanol solution. The general response
>to methanol was the same for the three species, with a respiratory
>rate increase of up to 50% at the lower methanol concentrations
>tested. The response was the same for exposure to methanol vapour or
>solution. Exposure of a single leaf resulted in a systemic response
>throughout the whole plant within a few hours. The response lasted
>for several weeks. Decreased metabolic rates and waterlogged
>appearance were reported in plants following a brief exposure of a
>leaf to methanol concentrations > 30%. Root tissue was reported to be
>more sensitive; a decrease in metabolic rate was reported following
>brief exposures to > 10% methanol.
>
>10.2 Evaluation of effects on the environment
>
>Methanol is readily degraded in the environment by photo- oxidation.
>Half-lives of 7-18 days have been reported for the atmospheric
>reaction of methanol with hydroxyl radicals.
>
>Methanol is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic
>conditions in a wide variety of environmental media. Many genera and
>strains of microorganisms are capable of using methanol as a growth
>substrate. Generally 80% of methanol in sewage systems is biodegraded
>within 5 days.
>
>Methanol is a normal growth substrate for many soil micro- organisms,
>which are capable of completely degrading methanol to carbon dioxide
>and water.
>
>Methanol is of low toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms and
>it is not bioaccumulated. Effects due to environmental exposure to
>methanol are unlikely to be observed, unless it is released to the
>environment in large quantities, such as a spill.
>
>In summary, unless released in high concentrations, methanol would
>not be expected to persist or bioaccumulate in the environment. Low
>levels of release would not be expected to result in adverse
>environmental effects.
>
>-- From: United Nations Environment Programme / International Labour
>Organisation / World Health Organization: International Programme On
>Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 196 - Methanol, from
>IPCS INCHEM, "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental
>Organizations", in cooperation with the Canadian Centre for
>Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
>http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc196.htm
>
>FWIW I think 22 000 mg/litre is 2.8 per cent.
>
>Best wishes
>
>Keith


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Re: [Biofuel] Methanol and wastewater treatment systems

2005-10-09 Thread michael skinner
methanol my biodegrade but into what?

if it degrades into methane that is a green house gas?


Original Message Follows
From: Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: [Biofuel] Methanol and wastewater treatment systems
Date: Mon, 10 Oct 2005 02:10:47 +0900

9.1.1 Microorganisms

The toxicity of methanol to each of three bacterial groups, i.e.,
aerobic heterotrophic, Nitrosomonas and methanogens (key agents in
the natural recycling of organic material in the environment and in
wastewater treatment systems), was described by Blum & Speece (1991).
The following IC50 values (mg/litre) (the concentration that
inhibited the culture by 50%) compared to the uninhibited controls
were reported: Nitrosomonas (after 24-h exposure), 880 mg/litre;
methanogens (after 48-h exposure), 22 000 mg/litre; and aerobic
heterotrophs (after 15-h exposure), 20 000 mg/litre. Methanol was
found to be completely inhibitory to ammonia oxidation by
Nitrosomonas bacteria at a concentration of 5 x 10-3 M (about 160
mg/litre) (Hooper & Terry, 1973)...

... An experimental EC50 value (the concentration that reduced the
maximum observed biodegradation rate by 50%) for methanol of 2.8
mol/litre (89.7 g/litre) was obtained in a system employing an
enriched mixed microbial culture derived from domestic waste water in
the USA (Vaishnav & Lopas, 1985).

   9.2.1 Plants

Hemming et al. (1995) determined the effect of methanol on the
respiration of pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Lycopersicon
esulentum) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). Whole plants were exposed
to either methanol vapour or methanol solution. The general response
to methanol was the same for the three species, with a respiratory
rate increase of up to 50% at the lower methanol concentrations
tested. The response was the same for exposure to methanol vapour or
solution. Exposure of a single leaf resulted in a systemic response
throughout the whole plant within a few hours. The response lasted
for several weeks. Decreased metabolic rates and waterlogged
appearance were reported in plants following a brief exposure of a
leaf to methanol concentrations > 30%. Root tissue was reported to be
more sensitive; a decrease in metabolic rate was reported following
brief exposures to > 10% methanol.

10.2 Evaluation of effects on the environment

Methanol is readily degraded in the environment by photo- oxidation.
Half-lives of 7-18 days have been reported for the atmospheric
reaction of methanol with hydroxyl radicals.

Methanol is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions in a wide variety of environmental media. Many genera and
strains of microorganisms are capable of using methanol as a growth
substrate. Generally 80% of methanol in sewage systems is biodegraded
within 5 days.

Methanol is a normal growth substrate for many soil micro- organisms,
which are capable of completely degrading methanol to carbon dioxide
and water.

Methanol is of low toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms and
it is not bioaccumulated. Effects due to environmental exposure to
methanol are unlikely to be observed, unless it is released to the
environment in large quantities, such as a spill.

In summary, unless released in high concentrations, methanol would
not be expected to persist or bioaccumulate in the environment. Low
levels of release would not be expected to result in adverse
environmental effects.

-- From: United Nations Environment Programme / International Labour
Organisation / World Health Organization: International Programme On
Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 196 - Methanol, from
IPCS INCHEM, "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental
Organizations", in cooperation with the Canadian Centre for
Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc196.htm

FWIW I think 22 000 mg/litre is 2.8 per cent.

Best wishes

Keith


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[Biofuel] Methanol and wastewater treatment systems

2005-10-09 Thread Keith Addison
9.1.1 Microorganisms

The toxicity of methanol to each of three bacterial groups, i.e., 
aerobic heterotrophic, Nitrosomonas and methanogens (key agents in 
the natural recycling of organic material in the environment and in 
wastewater treatment systems), was described by Blum & Speece (1991). 
The following IC50 values (mg/litre) (the concentration that 
inhibited the culture by 50%) compared to the uninhibited controls 
were reported: Nitrosomonas (after 24-h exposure), 880 mg/litre; 
methanogens (after 48-h exposure), 22 000 mg/litre; and aerobic 
heterotrophs (after 15-h exposure), 20 000 mg/litre. Methanol was 
found to be completely inhibitory to ammonia oxidation by 
Nitrosomonas bacteria at a concentration of 5 x 10-3 M (about 160 
mg/litre) (Hooper & Terry, 1973)...

... An experimental EC50 value (the concentration that reduced the 
maximum observed biodegradation rate by 50%) for methanol of 2.8 
mol/litre (89.7 g/litre) was obtained in a system employing an 
enriched mixed microbial culture derived from domestic waste water in 
the USA (Vaishnav & Lopas, 1985).

  9.2.1 Plants
 
Hemming et al. (1995) determined the effect of methanol on the 
respiration of pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Lycopersicon 
esulentum) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). Whole plants were exposed 
to either methanol vapour or methanol solution. The general response 
to methanol was the same for the three species, with a respiratory 
rate increase of up to 50% at the lower methanol concentrations 
tested. The response was the same for exposure to methanol vapour or 
solution. Exposure of a single leaf resulted in a systemic response 
throughout the whole plant within a few hours. The response lasted 
for several weeks. Decreased metabolic rates and waterlogged 
appearance were reported in plants following a brief exposure of a 
leaf to methanol concentrations > 30%. Root tissue was reported to be 
more sensitive; a decrease in metabolic rate was reported following 
brief exposures to > 10% methanol.

10.2 Evaluation of effects on the environment

Methanol is readily degraded in the environment by photo- oxidation. 
Half-lives of 7-18 days have been reported for the atmospheric 
reaction of methanol with hydroxyl radicals.

Methanol is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic 
conditions in a wide variety of environmental media. Many genera and 
strains of microorganisms are capable of using methanol as a growth 
substrate. Generally 80% of methanol in sewage systems is biodegraded 
within 5 days.

Methanol is a normal growth substrate for many soil micro- organisms, 
which are capable of completely degrading methanol to carbon dioxide 
and water.

Methanol is of low toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms and 
it is not bioaccumulated. Effects due to environmental exposure to 
methanol are unlikely to be observed, unless it is released to the 
environment in large quantities, such as a spill.

In summary, unless released in high concentrations, methanol would 
not be expected to persist or bioaccumulate in the environment. Low 
levels of release would not be expected to result in adverse 
environmental effects.

-- From: United Nations Environment Programme / International Labour 
Organisation / World Health Organization: International Programme On 
Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 196 - Methanol, from 
IPCS INCHEM, "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental 
Organizations", in cooperation with the Canadian Centre for 
Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc196.htm

FWIW I think 22 000 mg/litre is 2.8 per cent.

Best wishes

Keith


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