>To: <biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com> >From: "Appal Energy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 20:40:47 -0500 >Subject: Re: Viscosity - was Re: [biofuels-biz] Fuel Quality Test >for Small Producers > >Tom, > >Apologies. I wasn't as clear as needed relative to chilling samples. I >shouldn't have used the term "cloud point" to indicate what happens when an >incomplete reaction of WVO is chilled. And some further clarity should have >been used between yellow grease and WVO. As you point out they aren't >precisely interchangeble. > >We work primarily with yellow grease. The animal fat content can vary from >day to day depending upon the source. But the fact that there is some part >animal fat is consistent. > >When biodiesel is gradually cooled it clouds almost uniformly, in both >washed and pre-washed state, whether the feedstock is SVO, WVO, yellow >grease, or even 100% deer tallow. That is, of course, if the reaction was >complete. However, with an incomplete reaction, gradual cooling will yield a >rather quick appearance of solids from the bottom up. The solids that first >appear are the unconverted animal fats, with the partially hydrogenated oils >in lock step. > >This non-homogenous form of solidification is what I was referring to as yet >another quick method of determining an incomplete reaction, at least for >feedstocks with animal fat content. > >If the reaction appears to have completed, a quick wash can be used as >further verification. That wash is a great deal easier to use as a >determinant if the process being conducted is acid/base. Many straight base >reactions have to overcome such a high percentage of FFAs and produce so >much soap that a quick and vigorous sample washing will yield >emulsification. A completed acid/base can be washed with a12 horsepower >Evinrude in a 55-gallon drum without emulsifying. > >Todd Swearingen > >----- Original Message ----- >From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >To: <biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com> >Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 12:37 PM >Subject: Re: Viscosity - was Re: [biofuels-biz] Fuel Quality Test for Small >Producers > > > > Todd, > > > > The biodiesel chilling test presumes that your feedstock remains the same >or > > is similar from batch to batch. The cloud point of ASTM certified >biodiesel > > varies greatly due to the feedstock. For instance, World Energy biodiesel >from > > the Cincinnati plant, which contains much rendered animal fats, has a 10 >degree > > higher cloud point or freeze point compared to Yellow Biodiesel which is > > based on only plant based oils (used to be). Then again, a batch of canola >will > > yield a much lower cloud point for biodiesel than that made from partially > > hydrogenated soy. If we are basing our feedstock on yellow grease from >dozens of > > changing sources, there is no way I can see as to how to predict the cloud >point > > for a particular biodiesel. > > > > This brings up another point, BTW. In my business plan it is necessary to > > have a grease warehouse where large tanks allow equalization and >stabilization of > > the feedstock. My current plan has 5 tanks, each 15' tall and containing > > 12,000 gallons each. This is the maximum allowed under NFPA Code 30 for >indoor > > storage with minimal fire suppression requirements. Now, under this plan, >one can > > get to know a typical oil's characteristics, something I was never able to >do > > reliably, and predict its cold performance. This is another example of "do >as > > I say, not as I do". > > > > Tom Leue > > > > In a message dated 11/21/03 1:53:44 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: > > > > > > > Hey Tom, > > > > > > Are you sure it was the viscometer that prodded you towards a nearly > > > perfect sample or was it your methods? > > > > > > I would tend to believe that it was a number of indicators that you > > > relied on to give you reason to be somewhat confident in submitting > > > a sample for testing, that and great familiarity with what you are > > > doing and what measure lends what result. > > > > > > There is one test that no one has mentioned that can lend to > > > determining if a reaction has completed or not. (No. It's not > > > the "frog in a blender" wash test.) It's the simple refrigeration of > > > a sample. If the sample begins to cloud at a temp higher than what > > > the ester should cloud at you can bank on there being a problem. > > > > > > We've seen different samples treated exactly in the same manner do > > > exactly that when set on a cold floor overnite (~45*F). They were > > > all from the same feedstock. But some were a higher ratio of oil/fat > > > than others. Two of the eight showed no clouding and washed like a > > > dream. Three had but 1/4 or less clouding at the bottom. They washed > > > rather half-baked, forming more emulsion than they would have if > > > complete. The remaining three showed several inches of cloudiness, > > > which was to be expected, as the volume of the glycerin cocktail was > > > a bit deficient. There wasn't even the first thought of washing > > > these. > > > > > > Just another simple test, presuming the lady of the house doesn't > > > mind the bottom shelf of her refrigerator being used for cloud point > > > testing. > > > > > > Todd Swearingen > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ----------------------------- > > Homestead Inc. > > www.yellowbiodiesel.com
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