Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-11 Thread Alan Melia
Hi David yes indeed and the qualify of the fix imporves as we move away at
right angles to the linedespite some trees and a tall hedge on one side.
Dramatic and quite repeatable.

Alan G3NYK
- Original Message -
From: David McGaw [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement
time-nuts@febo.com
Sent: Monday, August 11, 2008 5:12 AM
Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?


 You didn't say if you tried the antenna under the power lines but
 outside the cabin.  What is translucent to light may not be to microwaves.

 David N1HAC
.


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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Alan Melia
Hi Dave, Ah I meant a 1600Mhz AM RX not a MW job the resuly is quite
dramatic from seeing no usable satelites to seeing 10 to 12. The software we
are running plots the tracks of the those sats seen so we can see that when
seen even close to trees, foliage shielding is not a problem. I could post
this plot over a number of hours it is very pretty, and shows clearly the
northerly extent of the orbits very clearly.

Thanks Magnus for thoughts on further tests. We are logging the NMEA
sentences so most of that detail could be available. A job for a laptop I
think.

Alan G3NYK
- Original Message -
From: David Ackrill [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement
time-nuts@febo.com
Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 8:30 AM
Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?


 Alan Melia wrote:
  Hi all,  in the process of setting up a GPS time standard for a Radio
  Astronomy facility (amateur) we installed a GPS receiver in a small
cabin
  with a translucent roof, thinking that would not impede the GPS signal.
  After a lot of head scratching as to why we were not getting the
performane
  we got at another site, we realised that the convenient position for
the
  cabin was directly below a three phase 11kV power distribution line (
common
  UK rural electricity distribution system).

 Since the satellite signals are in the high UHF range, arround 1575MHz,
 the AM receiver test is not going to tell you alot about the noise at
 the frequency that the GPS receiver is using.  So, even if you had
 detected any noise from the overhead lines, it might not have been proof
 that this was the cause of the problems.

 I find that the positioning of the antenna for a GPS receiver can be
 very touchy.  You really need a good view to the horizon and, despite
 what you might see on simple presentations of the satellite positions,
 they do tend to be mainly in the southern sky when viewed from the UK.

 See
 http://www.guralp.com/articles/20060405-howto-gps-troubleshooting/print
 for details.

 The other effect that you may notice is that your 'good' position for
 the antenna isn't so good all of the time as the satellites appear to
 move round the sky and the signal strengths from each alters.

 Dave (G0DJA)

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Alan Melia
Hi Tom Brilliant I hadnt thought of the fields actually affecting the
operation of the electronics! that is certainly something that might be
interesting to check. I note there lines have three phase feeds but no
neutral wire so they must use ground as the return path to any unbalance
currents.(?)

Thanks Alan G3NYK
- Original Message -
From: Thomas A. Frank [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement
time-nuts@febo.com
Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 6:38 AM
Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?


 Alan;

 I have no idea if this is a cause of your problem, but in some work I
 have done, I found that the high field strengths (electrostatic and
 magnetic) found under power lines can adversely effect electronic
 equipment that should otherwise be unaffected by the presence of
 power lines and their low frequency signals.
there.
--snip


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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Arnold Tibus
On Sun, 10 Aug 2008 10:27:31 +0100, Alan Melia wrote:

 I note there lines have three phase feeds but no
neutral wire so they must use ground as the return path to any unbalance
currents.(?)

As long as the system is kept balanced a 3 phase energy transport 
system does not need a 4th wire as the sum of all the currents in the 3 wires 
(phase shift 120deg between the wires) is zero! 
regards
Arnold, DK2WT





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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread David Ackrill
Alan Melia wrote:
 Hi Tom Brilliant I hadnt thought of the fields actually affecting the
 operation of the electronics! that is certainly something that might be
 interesting to check. I note there lines have three phase feeds but no
 neutral wire so they must use ground as the return path to any unbalance
 currents.(?)

On the UK 11kV overhead network the phases are all distributed without a 
neutral.

At the 11kV/415V transformer the HV side is delta wound and the LV is 
star wound, so the neutral/earth for the supply is taken from that 
point, not from the HV side.  So, you are correct, the connection to 
the general mass of earth at the transformers is used as the return 
path.  Which is why there are regulations about the acceptable earthing 
impedances at HV/LV transformers on an overhead supply.  Tales of 
Linesmen watering earth rods to get away without having to drive in more 
earth rods and connect up to the transformers, and so avoid having to 
drive rods into hard ground, are legion in the ESI...

In fact, if you look at most of the overhead high voltage distribution 
systems, they are all phase only, no neutral...

Dave (G0DJA)

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread David Ackrill
Arnold Tibus wrote:

 As long as the system is kept balanced a 3 phase energy transport 
 system does not need a 4th wire as the sum of all the currents in the 3 wires 
 (phase shift 120deg between the wires) is zero! 
 regards
 Arnold, DK2WT

That is true Arnold, but in the UK (and in some other countries) we 
don't always have a completely balanced load.

There are cases where two phase 11kV lines are run out to farms and 
other rural houses and, often the equipment connected at the farm/rural 
supplies isn't properly balanced either.

The unbalanced current is connected to earth at the HV/LV transformer, 
as described previously. :-)

Probably getting a bit OT now...

Dave (G0DJA)

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Poul-Henning Kamp

Around all high voltage lines the air is somewhat ionized and this
may result in sufficient free electrons to seriously mess up the
GPS signal, although I wouldn't expect much trouble from a 11kV
line.

The fact that the navigation message is 50Hz in the GPS signal and
the power-grid in the UK is close to 50Hz is not a good thing
in any case.

-- 
Poul-Henning Kamp   | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer   | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread David Ackrill
Poul-Henning Kamp wrote:

 The fact that the navigation message is 50Hz in the GPS signal and
 the power-grid in the UK is close to 50Hz is not a good thing
 in any case.

By UK law, it must be within +/- 1% of 50Hz.  :-)

Dave (G0DJA)

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Alan Melia
Hi Didier, thanks for that idea, yes they were all pucks all Garmin two
intended for marine use and one was a old Garmin GPSIIplus with a  mag
puck. I have a Trimble Palisade that I have not got round to working on
yet, but I understand that there are problems putting this version into NMEA
mode...so will have to be careful.

 Thanks Alan G3NYK

- Original Message -
From: Didier Juges [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: 'Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement'
time-nuts@febo.com
Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 12:52 PM
Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?


 Alan,

 I don't believe you have said what type of antenna you are using. If you
are
 using a true timing antenna (Symmetricom, Trimble Bullet) I would expect
 little or no direct effect from the power lines, but if you are using a
puck
 or other inexpensive commercial antenna (which have little or no filtering
 or shielding), you may well be affected directly by the field from the
power
 line on the antenna itself. The Thunderbolt itself should have enough
 filtering to protect you from a direct effect, the Thunderbolt has been
 designed to be co-located with other equipment, particularly cell
 transmitters, so I would expect it to be fairly immune to stray fields.

 Didier KO4BB



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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Poul-Henning Kamp
In message [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Ackrill writes:
Poul-Henning Kamp wrote:

 The fact that the navigation message is 50Hz in the GPS signal and
 the power-grid in the UK is close to 50Hz is not a good thing
 in any case.

By UK law, it must be within +/- 1% of 50Hz.  :-)

Yeah, but the fact that it wanders in short time would make it an
excellent frustration for GPS signal locking.

-- 
Poul-Henning Kamp   | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer   | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Didier Juges
Alan,

I recommend you look for an HP 58532A. I bought a brand new one on eBay for
$50 BIN, sometimes you can do better. This is a good timing-grade antenna,
and intended to stay outside for a long time. They have good filtering and
the LNA is shielded.

Didier KO4BB

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Alan Melia
 Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 8:17 AM
 To: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?
 
 Hi Didier, thanks for that idea, yes they were all pucks 
 all Garmin two intended for marine use and one was a old 
 Garmin GPSIIplus with a  mag puck. I have a Trimble 
 Palisade that I have not got round to working on yet, but I 
 understand that there are problems putting this version into 
 NMEA mode...so will have to be careful.
 
  Thanks Alan G3NYK
 
 - Original Message -
 From: Didier Juges [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: 'Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement'
 time-nuts@febo.com
 Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 12:52 PM
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?
 
 
  Alan,
 
  I don't believe you have said what type of antenna you are 
 using. If 
  you
 are
  using a true timing antenna (Symmetricom, Trimble Bullet) I would 
  expect little or no direct effect from the power lines, but 
 if you are 
  using a
 puck
  or other inexpensive commercial antenna (which have little or no 
  filtering or shielding), you may well be affected directly by the 
  field from the
 power
  line on the antenna itself. The Thunderbolt itself should 
 have enough 
  filtering to protect you from a direct effect, the Thunderbolt has 
  been designed to be co-located with other equipment, 
 particularly cell 
  transmitters, so I would expect it to be fairly immune to 
 stray fields.
 
  Didier KO4BB
 
 
 
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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Henk ten Pierick
Hi,

In car radio capacitive antennas are used. The required LNA rejection  
for the power line frequency is in the order of 100dB.

henk


On Aug 10, 2008, at 15:16, Alan Melia wrote:

 Hi Didier, thanks for that idea, yes they were all pucks all  
 Garmin two
 intended for marine use and one was a old Garmin GPSIIplus with a  mag
 puck. I have a Trimble Palisade that I have not got round to  
 working on
 yet, but I understand that there are problems putting this version  
 into NMEA
 mode...so will have to be careful.

  Thanks Alan G3NYK

 - Original Message -
 From: Didier Juges [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: 'Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement'
 time-nuts@febo.com
 Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2008 12:52 PM
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?


 Alan,

 I don't believe you have said what type of antenna you are using.  
 If you
 are
 using a true timing antenna (Symmetricom, Trimble Bullet) I would  
 expect
 little or no direct effect from the power lines, but if you are  
 using a
 puck
 or other inexpensive commercial antenna (which have little or no  
 filtering
 or shielding), you may well be affected directly by the field from  
 the
 power
 line on the antenna itself. The Thunderbolt itself should have enough
 filtering to protect you from a direct effect, the Thunderbolt has  
 been
 designed to be co-located with other equipment, particularly cell
 transmitters, so I would expect it to be fairly immune to stray  
 fields.

 Didier KO4BB



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 time-nuts
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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Scott Mace
Around here they place cell antennas on a monopole down the center
of power transmission line towers.  The GPS antennas are invariably
directly below the 100-200kv lines.   The GPS signal must be reliable
enough or the cell sites wouldn't be there.

Scott

Alan Melia wrote:
 Hi all,  in the process of setting up a GPS time standard for a Radio
 Astronomy facility (amateur) we installed a GPS receiver in a small cabin
 with a translucent roof, thinking that would not impede the GPS signal.
 After a lot of head scratching as to why we were not getting the performane
 we got at another site, we realised that the convenient position for the
 cabin was directly below a three phase 11kV power distribution line ( common
 UK rural electricity distribution system). We extended the cable and moved
 the antenna about 20 - 30 feet to the side of the line run, which was
 mounted on wooden poles at about 25 feet. In this position we immediately
 got a reliable fix. The fix and number of usable satellites degrades as we
 move nearer the lines.
 
 The thought was that there as interference arcing or corona noise from the
 line insulators, and a receiver (AM) was deployed to listen for what was
 expected to be a substantial wide band noise signalwe didnt hear one! We
 are now confused about what the effect is. The signal could not be
 screened by the wires which are about 3 feet apart, but they definite
 provide a cone of interference directly under the run. The experiment was
 later repeated with two further different GPS receivers and produced the
 same result.
 
 Has anyone seen this before? have you any idea of what level noise we should
 be looking for? I believe this is a wide signal so maybe an AM receiver is
 not the best choice The area is a rural, horticultural area (called market
 garden in the UK) We are obviouslt concerned to trace any noise sources in
 the vicinity of the Hydrogen line frequency at 1420MHz.
 
 Alan G3NYK
 
 
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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread Arnold Tibus

On Sun, 10 Aug 2008 13:05:47 +0100, David Ackrill wrote:

Arnold Tibus wrote:

 As long as the system is kept balanced a 3 phase energy transport 
 system does not need a 4th wire as the sum of all the currents in the 3 
 wires 
 (phase shift 120deg between the wires) is zero! 
 regards
 Arnold, DK2WT

That is true Arnold, but in the UK (and in some other countries) we 
don't always have a completely balanced load.

There are cases where two phase 11kV lines are run out to farms and 
other rural houses and, often the equipment connected at the farm/rural 
supplies isn't properly balanced either.

The unbalanced current is connected to earth at the HV/LV transformer, 
as described previously. :-)


David, I agree with the a.m. unbalance, but the current should not be routed 
via the ground!

As you say, there is a connection to ground on the Y circuit of the secondary 
side towards the load. From this point on there are then 4 wires in use 
(L1, L2, L3, N). I repeat, the return current shall not be run via ground! 
(At the entry of a building the neutral or return wire will be grounded to 
avoid 
voltage differences. At this point the PE will be connected as well for 
protection purposes.) Ground currents are in general very problematic 
because the resulting severe corrosion effects and noise.

As I am informed, the connections of hundreds of loads will (statistically) 
appear more or less as balanced at the end. Eventual still existing 
unsymmetries are to be compensated at the medium (10 to 20 kV) to 
end voltage (eg. 230/400V) using distribution transformers via tricky 
Z-winding connections.

To avoid overvoltage due to unbalance and the floating of the 
HV-lines, the star point of the Y transformer at one end may be grounded 
for ground reference, on the other side of the line a overvoltage protector 
will be used instead of direct grounding. 
Ground currents are not possible this way. 
To eliminate such unbalances on the HV-lines there are possibilities to 
compensate with special symmetry compensator devices (a kind of transformers).

Sorry, this was in effect somewhat off topic, but I didn't want to leave  
this point uncomplete...

Now to the main concern and question:
I believe the problem with the 'blind' GPS system may have other reasons.

1. Due to very fast changing loads and pulse like loads (switcher etc.) 
there are indeed some rf on the lines.
Driving partly the hv-transformers into saturation does as well result in 
higher 
frequencies (fourier). The long lines do act as antennas...
2. The high and very high voltage lines do create very strong fields up to 
several kV/m and some µT! 

To bring this fieldstrength significantly down one shall position the antenna 
at least 30 to 50m away from the center line.

(35 years ago I did stop with my car directly below a 380 kV line. 
My feet on ground standing in the open door I put my hand on top the roof 
of the car - wow what a strong feeling touching that big capacitor plane 
1.5 m above ground! )

I am sure, the strong fields below the power lines do create some distribution 
current in the soil.

Perhaps specially patch antennas are very susceptable to such strong fields 
which may upset the amplfier shifting levels...?

How strong are the rf fields from these lines being perhaps a factor of 
several thousands below the 50 Hz field strength?

regards

Arnold, DK2WT






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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-10 Thread David McGaw
You didn't say if you tried the antenna under the power lines but 
outside the cabin.  What is translucent to light may not be to microwaves.

David N1HAC

At 05:15 PM 8/9/2008, you wrote:
Hi all,  in the process of setting up a GPS time standard for a Radio
Astronomy facility (amateur) we installed a GPS receiver in a small cabin
with a translucent roof, thinking that would not impede the GPS signal.
After a lot of head scratching as to why we were not getting the performane
we got at another site, we realised that the convenient position for the
cabin was directly below a three phase 11kV power distribution line ( common
UK rural electricity distribution system). We extended the cable and moved
the antenna about 20 - 30 feet to the side of the line run, which was
mounted on wooden poles at about 25 feet. In this position we immediately
got a reliable fix. The fix and number of usable satellites degrades as we
move nearer the lines.

The thought was that there as interference arcing or corona noise from the
line insulators, and a receiver (AM) was deployed to listen for what was
expected to be a substantial wide band noise signalwe didnt hear one! We
are now confused about what the effect is. The signal could not be
screened by the wires which are about 3 feet apart, but they definite
provide a cone of interference directly under the run. The experiment was
later repeated with two further different GPS receivers and produced the
same result.

Has anyone seen this before? have you any idea of what level noise we should
be looking for? I believe this is a wide signal so maybe an AM receiver is
not the best choice The area is a rural, horticultural area (called market
garden in the UK) We are obviouslt concerned to trace any noise sources in
the vicinity of the Hydrogen line frequency at 1420MHz.

Alan G3NYK


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[time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-09 Thread Alan Melia
Hi all,  in the process of setting up a GPS time standard for a Radio
Astronomy facility (amateur) we installed a GPS receiver in a small cabin
with a translucent roof, thinking that would not impede the GPS signal.
After a lot of head scratching as to why we were not getting the performane
we got at another site, we realised that the convenient position for the
cabin was directly below a three phase 11kV power distribution line ( common
UK rural electricity distribution system). We extended the cable and moved
the antenna about 20 - 30 feet to the side of the line run, which was
mounted on wooden poles at about 25 feet. In this position we immediately
got a reliable fix. The fix and number of usable satellites degrades as we
move nearer the lines.

The thought was that there as interference arcing or corona noise from the
line insulators, and a receiver (AM) was deployed to listen for what was
expected to be a substantial wide band noise signalwe didnt hear one! We
are now confused about what the effect is. The signal could not be
screened by the wires which are about 3 feet apart, but they definite
provide a cone of interference directly under the run. The experiment was
later repeated with two further different GPS receivers and produced the
same result.

Has anyone seen this before? have you any idea of what level noise we should
be looking for? I believe this is a wide signal so maybe an AM receiver is
not the best choice The area is a rural, horticultural area (called market
garden in the UK) We are obviouslt concerned to trace any noise sources in
the vicinity of the Hydrogen line frequency at 1420MHz.

Alan G3NYK


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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-09 Thread Magnus Danielson
Alan Melia wrote:
 Hi all,  in the process of setting up a GPS time standard for a Radio
 Astronomy facility (amateur) we installed a GPS receiver in a small cabin
 with a translucent roof, thinking that would not impede the GPS signal.
 After a lot of head scratching as to why we were not getting the performane
 we got at another site, we realised that the convenient position for the
 cabin was directly below a three phase 11kV power distribution line ( common
 UK rural electricity distribution system). We extended the cable and moved
 the antenna about 20 - 30 feet to the side of the line run, which was
 mounted on wooden poles at about 25 feet. In this position we immediately
 got a reliable fix. The fix and number of usable satellites degrades as we
 move nearer the lines.
 
 The thought was that there as interference arcing or corona noise from the
 line insulators, and a receiver (AM) was deployed to listen for what was
 expected to be a substantial wide band noise signalwe didnt hear one! We
 are now confused about what the effect is. The signal could not be
 screened by the wires which are about 3 feet apart, but they definite
 provide a cone of interference directly under the run. The experiment was
 later repeated with two further different GPS receivers and produced the
 same result.
 
 Has anyone seen this before? have you any idea of what level noise we should
 be looking for? I believe this is a wide signal so maybe an AM receiver is
 not the best choice The area is a rural, horticultural area (called market
 garden in the UK) We are obviouslt concerned to trace any noise sources in
 the vicinity of the Hydrogen line frequency at 1420MHz.

It can also be a very simple case of strong multipath causing 
cancelation reflections strong enought to obscure the signal. Be sure to 
plot signal strength and if possible delta distance from solution for 
each satellite along with elevation and azimuth. See if a clear pattern 
emerges such that certain angles is problematic.

Just to make you look in another direction.

Cheers,
Magnus

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Re: [time-nuts] GPS shielding by power lines?

2008-08-09 Thread Thomas A. Frank
 The thought was that there as interference arcing or corona noise  
 from the
 line insulators, and a receiver (AM) was deployed to listen for  
 what was
 expected to be a substantial wide band noise signalwe didnt  
 hear one! We
 are now confused about what the effect is. The signal could not be
 screened by the wires which are about 3 feet apart, but they  
 definite
 provide a cone of interference directly under the run. The  
 experiment was
 later repeated with two further different GPS receivers and  
 produced the
 same result.

 Has anyone seen this before? have you any idea of what level noise  
 we should
 be looking for? I believe this is a wide signal so maybe an AM  
 receiver is
 not the best choice The area is a rural, horticultural area (called  
 market
 garden in the UK) We are obviouslt concerned to trace any noise  
 sources in
 the vicinity of the Hydrogen line frequency at 1420MHz.

 Alan G3NYK


Alan;

I have no idea if this is a cause of your problem, but in some work I  
have done, I found that the high field strengths (electrostatic and  
magnetic) found under power lines can adversely effect electronic  
equipment that should otherwise be unaffected by the presence of  
power lines and their low frequency signals.

I would imagine that the fields could desensitize receivers by  
overloading the front end amplifiers, and no amount of filtering is  
going to help because it is virtually impossible to shield against  
50/60 Hz signals.  A solid steel conduit several mm thick is only  
good for about 27 dB attenuation at power line frequencies.

Fortunately, distance makes things better, so you may just have to  
move everything a bit away from the power lines.  Our solution was to  
digitize our signals several hundred meters from the power lines and  
send the results digitally past them.

Try getting a field strength meter (gaussmeter) and see what levels  
you have under the lines.

Tom Frank, KA2CDK


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